CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Italian cuisine - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c3331e24-fba0-4e26-a468-b120dc44b325","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Italian_cuisine","wgTitle":"Italian cuisine","wgCurRevisionId":1276000619,"wgRevisionId":1276000619,"wgArticleId":3735620,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Italian-language text","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1: unfit URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from August 2023","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from May 2021","Articles with dead external links from February 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)", "Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use British English from March 2024","Use dmy dates from March 2024","Articles with excerpts","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Sardinian-language text","Articles containing Croatian-language text","Articles containing Corsican-language text","Articles containing Slovene-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Italian cuisine","Mediterranean cuisine"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Italian_cuisine","wgRelevantArticleId":3735620,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q192786","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Italian_food.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Italian_food.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Italian cuisine - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Italian_cuisine rootpage-Italian_cuisine skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Italian+cuisine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Italian+cuisine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Italian+cuisine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Italian+cuisine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Antiquity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Contemporary era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_foods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_foods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Basic foods </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Basic_foods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Basic foods subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Basic_foods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Meats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pasta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pasta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pasta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pasta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pizza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pizza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Pizza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pizza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_cuisines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_cuisines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Regional cuisines </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_cuisines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Regional cuisines subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_cuisines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abruzzo_and_Molise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abruzzo_and_Molise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Abruzzo and Molise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abruzzo_and_Molise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apulia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apulia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Apulia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apulia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basilicata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basilicata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Basilicata </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basilicata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calabria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calabria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Calabria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calabria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Campania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emilia-Romagna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emilia-Romagna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Emilia-Romagna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emilia-Romagna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friuli-Venezia_Giulia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Friuli-Venezia Giulia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friuli-Venezia_Giulia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lazio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lazio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Lazio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lazio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liguria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liguria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Liguria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liguria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lombardy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lombardy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Lombardy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lombardy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Marche </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piedmont" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piedmont"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Piedmont </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piedmont-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sardinia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sardinia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Sardinia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sardinia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 Sicily </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trentino-Alto_Adige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trentino-Alto_Adige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.15 Trentino-Alto Adige </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trentino-Alto_Adige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuscany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuscany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.16 Tuscany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuscany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umbria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umbria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.17 Umbria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umbria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aosta_Valley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aosta_Valley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.18 Aosta Valley </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aosta_Valley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.19 Veneto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veneto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meal_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meal_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Meal structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meal_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_establishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_establishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Food establishments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_establishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Drinks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Drinks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coffee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coffee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Coffee </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coffee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcoholic_beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoholic_beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Alcoholic beverages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoholic_beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Wine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Beer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desserts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desserts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Desserts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desserts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holiday_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holiday_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Holiday cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holiday_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 International </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_Italian_colonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Italian_colonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Former Italian colonies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Italian_colonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.3 Malta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.4 Monaco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Marino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Marino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.5 San Marino </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Marino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.6 Slovenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.7 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_and_Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_and_Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 North and Central America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_and_Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.2 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 South America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.1 Argentina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.2 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.3 Uruguay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.4 Venezuela </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Gnocchi_del_29"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Gnocchi_del_29""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.5 "Gnocchi del 29" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Gnocchi_del_29"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Oceania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Italian cuisine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="مطبخ إيطالي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطبخ إيطالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Իտալական խոհանոց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իտալական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0taliya_m%C9%99tb%C9%99xi" title="İtaliya mətbəxi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İtaliya mətbəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="ایتالیا مطبخی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایتالیا مطبخی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="ইতালীয় রন্ধনশৈলী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইতালীয় রন্ধনশৈলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Італьянская кухня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Італьянская кухня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Италианска кухня – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Италианска кухня" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keginerezh_Italia" title="Keginerezh Italia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keginerezh Italia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Gastronomia d'Itàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia d'Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italsk%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Italská kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Italská kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_italienske_k%C3%B8kken" title="Det italienske køkken – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det italienske køkken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienische_K%C3%BCche" title="Italienische Küche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italienische Küche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalia_k%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Itaalia köök – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Itaalia köök" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ιταλική κουζίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιταλική κουζίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_Italia" title="Gastronomía de Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itala_kuirarto" title="Itala kuirarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Itala kuirarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiako_gastronomia" title="Italiako gastronomia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Italiako gastronomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="آشپزی ایتالیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آشپزی ایتالیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_italienne" title="Cuisine italienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine italienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_Italia" title="Gastronomía de Italia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gastronomía de Italia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="이탈리아 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Իտալական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտալական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talijanska_kuhinja" title="Talijanska kuhinja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Talijanska kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidangan_Italia" title="Hidangan Italia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidangan Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_italiana" title="Cucina italiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina italiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99" title="המטבח האיטלקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המטבח האיטלקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahan_Itali" title="Olahan Itali – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olahan Itali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಇಟ್ಯಾಲಿಯನ್‌ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಟ್ಯಾಲಿಯನ್‌ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="იტალიური სამზარეულო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტალიური სამზარეულო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAjgeha_%C3%AEtal%C3%AE" title="Pêjgeha îtalî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêjgeha îtalî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%C5%A1ka_virtuv%C4%97" title="Itališka virtuvė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Itališka virtuvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosini_italian" title="Cosini italian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cosini italian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olasz_konyham%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Olasz konyhaművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olasz konyhaművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Италијанска кујна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Италијанска кујна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Itali" title="Masakan Itali – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masakan Itali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiaanse_keuken" title="Italiaanse keuken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Italiaanse keuken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="イタリア料理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリア料理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_taliana" title="Cucina taliana – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cucina taliana" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiensk_mat" title="Italiensk mat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italiensk mat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiensk_mat" title="Italiensk mat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Italiensk mat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyan_oshxonasi" title="Italyan oshxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Italyan oshxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اطالوی پکوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اطالوی پکوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchnia_w%C5%82oska" title="Kuchnia włoska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuchnia włoska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_da_It%C3%A1lia" title="Culinária da Itália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Culinária da Itália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Итальянская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Итальянская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Italian cuisine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzhina_italiane" title="Kuzhina italiane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuzhina italiane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_food" title="Italian food – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Italian food" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talianska_kuchy%C5%88a" title="Talianska kuchyňa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Talianska kuchyňa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijanska_kuhinja" title="Italijanska kuhinja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Italijanska kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Италијанска кухиња – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Италијанска кухиња" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italialainen_keitti%C3%B6" title="Italialainen keittiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Italialainen keittiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienska_k%C3%B6ket" title="Italienska köket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italienska köket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutuing_Italyano" title="Lutuing Italyano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lutuing Italyano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="อาหารอิตาลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาหารอิตาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0talyan_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İtalyan mutfağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtalyan mutfağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ital%C3%BDan_a%C5%9Fhanasy" title="Italýan aşhanasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Italýan aşhanasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Італійська кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Італійська кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اطالوی پکوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اطالوی پکوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_%C3%9D" title="Ẩm thực Ý – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ẩm thực Ý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F" title="意大利饮食 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="意大利饮食" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="義大利飲食 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="義大利飲食" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192786#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Italian_cuisine" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Italian_cuisine" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Italian_cuisine" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&oldid=1276000619" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Italian_cuisine&id=1276000619&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FItalian_cuisine">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FItalian_cuisine">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Italian_cuisine&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_Italy" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cuisine_of_Italy" hreflang="en">Wikibooks</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192786" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary traditions of Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Italian restaurant" redirects here. For the television series, see <a href="/wiki/Italian_Restaurant" title="Italian Restaurant">Italian Restaurant</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/100px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/200px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railway</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algherese_dialect" title="Algherese dialect">Algherese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Slavomolisano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aostan_French" title="Aostan French">Aostan French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Italic_of_Sicily" title="Gallo-Italic of Sicily">Gallo-Italic of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Italy">Italian Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Griko dialect">Griko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladin_language" title="Ladin language">Ladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhounese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">folklore</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Mythology">Roman Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology of Italy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Day" title="Tricolour Day">Tricolour Day</a> (7 January)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Day_of_the_Exiles_and_Foibe" title="National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe">National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe</a> (10 February)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy" title="Anniversary of the Unification of Italy">Anniversary of the Unification of Italy</a> (17 March)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Italy)" title="Liberation Day (Italy)">Liberation Day</a> (25 April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Republic Day</a> (2 June)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day" title="National Unity and Armed Forces Day">National Unity and Armed Forces Day</a> (4 November)</li></ul></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Natale_di_Roma" title="Natale di Roma">Natale di Roma</a> (21 April)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Italy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_Italy" title="Oriental Orthodoxy in Italy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Italy" title="Protestantism in Italy">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Italy" title="Islam in Italy">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Italy" title="Baháʼí Faith in Italy">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Italy" title="Hinduism in Italy">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy" title="Sikhism in Italy">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Reconstructionist Roman religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Italy" title="Neopaganism in Italy">Neopaganism in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Italy" title="Irreligion in Italy">Irreligiosity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculpture of Italy">Sculpture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_comics" title="Italian comics">Comics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_dance" title="Italian folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Folk music</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Italy">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_Italy" title="List of magazines in Italy">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Italy" title="List of newspapers in Italy">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Italy" title="List of radio stations in Italy">Radio</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Calcio_storico" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio storico">Calcio storico</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Italy" title="Football in Italy">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_in_Italy" title="Athletics in Italy">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Italy" title="Baseball in Italy">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Italy" title="Rugby union in Italy">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_in_Italy" title="Tennis in Italy">Tennis</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Italy" title="Football in Italy">Football in Italy</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of Italy">Monuments</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monuments_and_memorials_in_Italy" title="Category:Monuments and memorials in Italy">More</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Italy">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Italy">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Italy">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">National day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">National monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia_turrita" title="Italia turrita">National personification</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_di_Cultura" title="Istituto Italiano di Cultura">Italian Cultural Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Dante Alighieri Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Italy" title="Template:Culture of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Culture of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_food.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/220px-Italian_food.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/330px-Italian_food.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/440px-Italian_food.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Clockwise from top left; some of the most popular Italian foods: <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">carbonara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espresso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">gelato</a></figcaption></figure> Italian cuisine is a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a><a href="#cite_note-DavidRisotto-1">[1]</a> consisting of the ingredients, recipes, and cooking techniques developed in Italy since <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Roman times</a>, and later spread around the world together with waves of <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Significant changes <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">occurred with the colonization of the Americas</a> and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">capsicums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>—the latter introduced in quantity in the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411–21-6">[6]</a> It is one of the best-known and most widely appreciated <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomies</a> worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Italian cuisine includes deeply rooted traditions common throughout the country, as well as all the diverse <a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional gastronomies</a>, different from each other, especially between <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">the north</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">the centre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">the south</a> of Italy, which are in continuous exchange.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Many dishes that were once regional have proliferated with variations throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Italian cuisine offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied around the world.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-13">[13]</a> Italian cuisine has left a significant influence on several other cuisines around the world, particularly in <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East African</a> states such as Somalia and in the United States in the form of <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> A key characteristic of Italian cuisine is its simplicity, with many dishes made up of few ingredients, and therefore Italian cooks often rely on the quality of the ingredients, rather than the complexity of preparation.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Italian cuisine is at the origin of a turnover of more than <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>200 billion worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Over the centuries, many popular dishes and recipes have often been created by ordinary people more so than by chefs, which is why many Italian recipes are suitable for home and daily cooking, respecting regional specificities, privileging only raw materials and ingredients from the region of origin of the dish and preserving its seasonality.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Mediterranean diet forms the basis of Italian cuisine, rich in pasta, fish, fruits, and vegetables.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Cheese, cold cuts, and wine are central to Italian cuisine, and along with pizza and coffee (especially <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espresso</a>) form part of Italian gastronomic culture.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Desserts have a long tradition of merging local flavours such as citrus fruits, pistachio, and almonds with sweet cheeses such as <a href="/wiki/Mascarpone" title="Mascarpone">mascarpone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a> or exotic tastes as cocoa, vanilla, and cinnamon. <a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">Gelato</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">tiramisu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">cassata</a> are among the most famous examples of Italian desserts, cakes, and patisserie. Italian cuisine relies heavily on traditional products; the country has a large number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_food_and_drink_products_with_protected_status" title="List of Italian food and drink products with protected status">traditional specialities</a> protected under <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">EU law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keane-26">[26]</a> Italy is the world's <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">largest producer of wine</a>, as well as the country with the widest variety of indigenous grapevine varieties in the world.<a href="#cite_note-inumeridelvino-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-giornalevinocibo-28">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale,_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki,_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale%2C_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki%2C_07.jpg/250px-Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale%2C_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki%2C_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale%2C_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki%2C_07.jpg/375px-Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale%2C_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki%2C_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale%2C_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki%2C_07.jpg/500px-Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale%2C_by_Jerzy_Strzelecki%2C_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> mosaic depicting a banquet during a hunting trip, from the Late Roman <a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries. Although the country known as Italy <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">did not unite until the 19th century</a>, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BC. Food and culture were very important at that time evident from the cookbook (<a href="/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius">Apicius</a>) which dates to the first century BC.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Through the centuries, neighbouring regions, conquerors, high-profile chefs, political upheaval, and the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> have influenced its development. Italian cuisine started to form after <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">the fall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, when different cities <a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">began to separate</a> and form their own traditions. Many different types of bread and pasta were made, and there was a variation in cooking techniques and preparation. Trade, the location on the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, and its routes to Asia also influenced the local development of special dishes. Due to the climatic conditions and the different proximity to the sea, different basic foods and spices were available from region to region. Regional cuisine is represented by some of the major cities in Italy. For example, Milan (in the north of Italy) is known for <a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">risottos</a>, Trieste (in the northeast of Italy) is known for multicultural food, Bologna (in the centre of Italy) is known for its <a href="/wiki/Tortellini" title="Tortellini">tortellini</a>, and Naples (in the south of Italy) is famous for its pizzas.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> There is evidence of the Etruscans making pasta in Italy during the 4th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_and_dining_in_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and dining in the Roman Empire">Food and dining in the Roman Empire</a></div> The first known Italian <a href="/wiki/Food_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Food writer">food writer</a> was a Greek Sicilian named <a href="/wiki/Archestratus" title="Archestratus">Archestratus</a> from <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">Syracuse</a> in the 4th century BC. He wrote a poem that spoke of using "top quality and seasonal" ingredients. He said that flavours should not be masked by spices, herbs or other seasonings. He placed importance on simple preparation of fish.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411-33">[33]</a> Simplicity was abandoned and <a href="/wiki/Food_in_ancient_Rome" title="Food in ancient Rome">replaced by a culture of gastronomy as the Roman Empire developed</a>. By the time <a href="/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" class="mw-redirect" title="De re coquinaria">De re coquinaria</a> was published in the 1st century AD, it contained 470 recipes calling for heavy use of spices and herbs. The Romans employed Greek bakers to produce breads and imported cheeses from Sicily, as the Sicilians had a reputation as the best cheesemakers. The Romans reared goats for butchering, and grew artichokes and <a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leeks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411-33">[33]</a> Some foods considered traditional were imported to Italy from foreign countries during the Roman era. This includes the <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a> (Italian: giuggiole), which is celebrated as a regional cuisine in <a href="/wiki/Arqu%C3%A0_Petrarca" title="Arquà Petrarca">Arquà Petrarca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> The Romans also imported cherries, apricots, and peaches.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg/220px-Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg/330px-Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg/440px-Fortezza_Verrucole_Archeopark_interno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>A restored medieval kitchen inside <a href="/wiki/Verrucole_Castle" title="Verrucole Castle">Verrucole Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Sicily" title="Muslim conquest of Sicily">Arabs invaded Sicily</a> in the 9th century, introducing spinach, almonds, and rice.<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-35">[35]</a> They also brought with them foods from foreign lands that are celebrated as traditional Italian foods: citrus fruit, artichokes, chickpeas, pistachios, sugarcane, <a href="/wiki/Aubergines" class="mw-redirect" title="Aubergines">aubergines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">durum wheat</a>, which is used to make pasta.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> During the 12th century, a Norman king surveyed Sicily and saw people making long strings made from flour and water called atriya, which eventually became trii, a term still used for spaghetti in southern Italy.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Normans also introduced the casserole, salted cod (Italian: baccalà), and <a href="/wiki/Stockfish" title="Stockfish">stockfish</a>, all of which remain popular.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200412-37">[37]</a> Food preservation was either chemical or physical, as refrigeration did not exist. Meats and fish were smoked, dried or kept on ice. <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">Brine</a> and salt were used to pickle items such as herring, and to cure pork. Root vegetables were preserved in brine after they had been <a href="/wiki/Parboiled" class="mw-redirect" title="Parboiled">parboiled</a>. Other means of preservation included oil, vinegar, or immersing meat in congealed, rendered fat. For preserving fruits, liquor, honey, and sugar were used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti2003253–254-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg/220px-Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg/330px-Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg/440px-Antica_trattoria_Bagutto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antica_trattoria_Bagutto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antica trattoria Bagutto (page does not exist)">Antica trattoria Bagutto</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_trattoria_Bagutto" class="extiw" title="it:Antica trattoria Bagutto">it</a>] in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, the oldest restaurant in Italy and the second in Europe<a href="#cite_note-localistorici-39">[39]</a></figcaption></figure> Milan is home to the oldest restaurant in Italy and the second in Europe, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antica_trattoria_Bagutto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antica trattoria Bagutto (page does not exist)">Antica trattoria Bagutto</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_trattoria_Bagutto" class="extiw" title="it:Antica trattoria Bagutto">it</a>], which has existed since at least 1284.<a href="#cite_note-localistorici-39">[39]</a> The oldest Italian book on cuisine is the 13th century Liber de coquina (Cookbook) written in Naples. Dishes include "Roman-style" cabbage (ad usum romanorum), ad usum campanie which were "small leaves" prepared in the "Campanian manner", a bean dish from the Marca di Trevisio, a torta, compositum londardicum, dishes similar to dishes the modern day. Two other books from the 14th century include recipes for Roman pastello, Lasagna pie, and call for the use of salt from <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chioggia" title="Chioggia">Chioggia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti20036-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_saffron_threads.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iran_saffron_threads.jpg/220px-Iran_saffron_threads.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iran_saffron_threads.jpg/330px-Iran_saffron_threads.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iran_saffron_threads.jpg/440px-Iran_saffron_threads.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a> has been used in Italy for centuries.</figcaption></figure> In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Maestro_Martino" class="mw-redirect" title="Maestro Martino">Maestro Martino</a> was chef to the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Aquileia" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Aquileia">Patriarch of Aquileia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Vatican</a>. His Libro de arte coquinaria (Culinary art book) describes a more refined and elegant cuisine. His book contains a recipe for maccaroni siciliani, made by wrapping dough around a thin iron rod to dry in the sun. The macaroni was cooked in <a href="/wiki/Capon" title="Capon">capon</a> stock flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>, displaying Persian influences. Martino noted the avoidance of excessive spices in favour of fresh herbs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200412-37">[37]</a> The Roman recipes include coppiette (air-dried salami) and cabbage dishes. His <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> dishes include eggs with torta bolognese, torta sienese and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> recipes such as piperata (sweets), macaroni, squash, mushrooms, and spinach pie with onions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti20039–10-41">[41]</a> Martino's text was included in a 1475 book by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Platina" title="Bartolomeo Platina">Bartolomeo Platina</a> printed in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> entitled <a href="/wiki/De_honesta_voluptate_et_valetudine" title="De honesta voluptate et valetudine">De honesta voluptate et valetudine</a> (On Honest Pleasure and Good Health). Platina puts Martino's Libro in a regional context, writing about perch from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">Lake Maggiore</a>, sardines from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Garda" title="Lake Garda">Lake Garda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thymallus_thymallus" title="Thymallus thymallus">grayling</a> from <a href="/wiki/Adda_(river)" title="Adda (river)">Adda</a>, hens from <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, olives from Bologna and <a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Piceno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudd" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudd">rudd</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Trasimeno" title="Lake Trasimeno">Lake Trasimeno</a>, carrots from <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, bass from the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>, roviglioni and <a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shad</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Albano" title="Lake Albano">Lake Albano</a>, snails from <a href="/wiki/Rieti" title="Rieti">Rieti</a>, figs from Tuscolo, grapes from <a href="/wiki/Narni" title="Narni">Narni</a>, oil from <a href="/wiki/Cassino" title="Cassino">Cassino</a>, oranges from Naples, and eels from <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>. Grains from <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and Campania are mentioned as is honey from Sicily and Taranto. Wine from the Ligurian coast, <a href="/wiki/Greco_(grape)" title="Greco (grape)">Greco</a> from Tuscany and <a href="/wiki/Centola" title="Centola">San Severino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a> from Tuscany and <a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Piceno</a> are also mentioned in the book.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti200310-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early modern era">edit</a>]</div> The courts of Florence, Rome, Venice, and <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> were central to the cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_di_Messisbugo" title="Cristoforo di Messisbugo">Cristoforo di Messisbugo</a>, steward to <a href="/wiki/Ippolito_d%27Este" title="Ippolito d'Este">Ippolito d'Este</a>, published Banchetti Composizioni di Vivande (Banquets Compositions of Food) in 1549. Messisbugo gives recipes for pies and tarts (containing 124 recipes with various fillings). The work emphasises the use of Eastern spices and sugar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200413-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scappi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Scappi.jpg/220px-Scappi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Scappi.jpg/330px-Scappi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Scappi.jpg/440px-Scappi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="2261" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Scappi" title="Bartolomeo Scappi">Bartolomeo Scappi</a>, personal chef to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></figcaption></figure> In 1570, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Scappi" title="Bartolomeo Scappi">Bartolomeo Scappi</a>, personal chef to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a>, wrote his Opera (Work) in five volumes, giving a comprehensive view of Italian cooking of that period. It contains over 1,000 recipes, with information on banquets including displays and menus as well as illustrations of kitchen and table utensils. This book differs from most books written for the royal courts in its preference for domestic animals and courtyard birds rather than game. Recipes include lesser cuts of meats such as tongue, head, and shoulder. The third volume has recipes for fish in <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>. These fish recipes are simple, including poaching, broiling, grilling, and frying after marination. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg/220px-Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg/330px-Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg/440px-Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Bucatini with <a href="/wiki/Amatriciana" class="mw-redirect" title="Amatriciana">amatriciana</a> sauce, which features the New World food of tomatoes</figcaption></figure> Particular attention is given to seasons and places where fish should be caught. The final volume includes pies, tarts, fritters, and a recipe for a sweet <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a> (not the current savoury version, as tomatoes had not yet been introduced to Italy). However, such items from the New World as corn (maize) and turkey are included.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15-44">[44]</a> Eventually, through the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange#Effects" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a>, Italian cuisine would also adopt not just tomatoes as a key flavour, but also beans, pumpkins, <a href="/wiki/Zucchini" title="Zucchini">courgette</a>, and peppers, all of which came from the Americas during the last few hundred years.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> In the first decade of the 17th century, Giacomo Castelvetro wrote Breve Racconto di Tutte le Radici di Tutte l'Herbe et di Tutti i Frutti (A Brief Account of All Roots, Herbs, and Fruit), translated into English by Gillian Riley. Originally from <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, Castelvetro moved to England because he was a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>. The book lists Italian vegetables and fruits along with their preparation. He featured vegetables as a central part of the meal, not just as accompaniments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15-44">[44]</a> Castelvetro favoured simmering vegetables in salted water and serving them warm or cold with olive oil, salt, fresh ground pepper, lemon juice, <a href="/wiki/Verjus" class="mw-redirect" title="Verjus">verjus</a> or orange juice. He also suggested roasting vegetables wrapped in damp paper over charcoal or embers with a drizzle of olive oil. Castelvetro's book is separated into seasons with hop shoots in the spring and truffles in the winter, detailing the use of pigs in the search for truffles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arte_di_ben_cucinare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Arte_di_ben_cucinare.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>L'arte di Ben Cucinare (The Art of Well Cooking), published by Bartolomeo Stefani in 1662</figcaption></figure> In 1662, Bartolomeo Stefani, chef to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mantua" title="Duchy of Mantua">Duchy of Mantua</a>, published L'Arte di Ben Cucinare (The Art of Well Cooking). He was the first to offer a section on vitto ordinario (ordinary food). The book described a banquet given by Duke <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua_and_Montferrat" title="Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat">Charles</a> for Queen <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina of Sweden">Christina of Sweden</a>, with details of the food and table settings for each guest, including a knife, fork, spoon, glass, a plate (instead of the bowls more often used), and a napkin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200415-45">[45]</a> Other books from this time, such as Galatheo (Etiquette) by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_della_Casa" title="Giovanni della Casa">Giovanni della Casa</a>, tell how scalci (waiters) should manage themselves while serving their guests. Waiters should not scratch their heads or other parts of themselves, or spit, sniff, cough or sneeze while serving diners. The book also told diners not to use their fingers while eating and not to wipe sweat with their napkin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200415-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apicius_1709.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG/220px-Apicius_1709.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG/330px-Apicius_1709.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius">Apicius</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" class="mw-redirect" title="De re coquinaria">De re coquinaria</a> (On the Subject of Cooking), 1709 edition</figcaption></figure> At the beginning of the 18th century, Italian culinary books began to emphasise the regionalism of Italian cuisine rather than <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a>. Books written then were no longer addressed to professional chefs but to <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> housewives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200416-46">[46]</a> Periodicals in booklet form such as La cuoca cremonese (The Cook of Cremona) in 1794 give a sequence of ingredients according to season along with chapters on meat, fish, and vegetables. As the century progressed these books increased in size, popularity, and frequency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti2003158–159-47">[47]</a> In the 18th century, medical texts warned peasants against eating refined foods as it was believed that these were poor for their digestion and their bodies required heavy meals. It was believed that peasants ate poorly because they preferred eating poorly. However, many peasants had to eat rotten food and mouldy bread because that was all they could afford.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti2003282–284-48">[48]</a> In 1779, Antonio Nebbia from <a href="/wiki/Macerata" title="Macerata">Macerata</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> region, wrote Il Cuoco Maceratese (The Cook of Macerata). Nebbia addressed the importance of local vegetables and pasta, rice, and <a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">gnocchi</a>. For stock, he preferred vegetables and chicken over other meats. In 1773, the Neapolitan Vincenzo Corrado's Il Cuoco Galante (The Courteous Cook) gave particular emphasis to vitto pitagorico (pythagorean food). "Pythagorean food consists of fresh herbs, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds and all that is produced in the earth for our nourishment. It is so-called because <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a>, as is well known, only used such produce. There is no doubt that this kind of food appears to be more natural to man, and the use of meat is noxious." This book was the first to give the tomato a central role with 13 recipes. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato2_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tomato2_002.jpg/220px-Tomato2_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tomato2_002.jpg/330px-Tomato2_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tomato2_002.jpg/440px-Tomato2_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="1889" /></a><figcaption>Tomatoes are a typical part of Italian cuisine, but only entered common usage in the late 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-Gentilcore2010-49">[49]</a></figcaption></figure> Zuppa al pomodoro (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'tomato soup') in Corrado's book is a dish similar to today's Tuscan <a href="/wiki/Pappa_al_pomodoro" title="Pappa al pomodoro">pappa al pomodoro</a>. Corrado's 1798 edition introduced a "Treatise on the Potato" after the French <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Augustin_Parmentier" title="Antoine-Augustin Parmentier">Antoine-Augustin Parmentier</a>'s successful promotion of the tuber.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200417-50">[50]</a> In 1790, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Leonardi_(chef)" title="Francesco Leonardi (chef)">Francesco Leonardi</a> in his book L'Apicio moderno (Modern <a href="/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius">Apicius</a>) sketches a history of the Italian cuisine from the Roman Age and gives the first recipe of a tomato-based sauce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaccioli1987753-51">[51]</a> In the 19th century, Giovanni Vialardi, chef to King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, wrote Trattato di cucina, Pasticceria moderna, Credenza e relativa Confettureria (A Treatise of Modern Cookery and Patisserie) with recipes "suitable for a modest household". Many of his recipes are for regional dishes from <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, including 12 for potatoes such as cappon magro genovese. In 1829, Il Nuovo Cuoco Milanese Economico (The New Economic Milanese Chef) by Giovanni Felice Luraschi featured Milanese dishes such as kidney with anchovies and lemon and <a href="/wiki/Gnocchi_alla_romana" title="Gnocchi alla romana">gnocchi alla romana</a>. Gian Battista and Giovanni Ratto's La Cucina Genovese (Genoese cuisine) in 1871 addressed the cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>. This book contained the first recipe for <a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">pesto</a>. La Cucina Teorico-Pratica (The Theoretical-Practical Cuisine) written by Ippolito Cavalcanti described the first recipe for pasta with tomatoes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200418–19-52">[52]</a> La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiare bene (The Science of Cooking and the Art of Eating Well), by <a href="/wiki/Pellegrino_Artusi" title="Pellegrino Artusi">Pellegrino Artusi</a>, first published in 1891, is widely regarded as the canon of classic modern Italian cuisine, and it is still in print. Its recipes predominantly originate from <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a> and Tuscany, where he lived. Around 1880, two decades after the Unification of Italy, was the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>, and with it started the spread of Italian cuisine in the world.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_era">Contemporary era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary era">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg/250px-%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg/375px-%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg/500px-%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DOCG" class="mw-redirect" title="DOCG">DOCG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a> labels on two bottles of <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wine</a></figcaption></figure> Italy has a large number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_food_and_drink_products_with_protected_status" title="List of Italian food and drink products with protected status">traditional specialities</a> protected under <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">EU law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keane-26">[26]</a> From the 1950s onwards, a great variety of typical products of Italian cuisine have been <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_food_and_drink_products_with_protected_status" title="List of Italian food and drink products with protected status">recognised as PDO, PGI, TSG and GI</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a>, to which they are added the <a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">indicazione geografica tipica</a> (IGT), the regional <a href="/wiki/Prodotti_agroalimentari_tradizionali" title="Prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali">prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali</a> (PAT) and the <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">municipal</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_comunale_d%27origine" title="Denominazione comunale d'origine">denominazione comunale d'origine</a> (De.C.O.).<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Oenological" class="mw-redirect" title="Oenological">oenological</a> field, there are specific legal protections: the <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">denominazione di origine controllata</a> (DOC) and the <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata#Denominazione_di_origine_controllata_e_garantita_(DOCG)" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">denominazione di origine controllata e garantita</a> (DOCG).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a> (PDO) and <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">protected geographical indications</a> (PGI) have also been established in olive growing.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Some of these are new introductions: the <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a> was introduced from New Zealand to Italy in the 1970s, and three decades later, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Latina" title="Province of Latina">province of Latina</a> was designated the "Land of the Kiwi" and given protected status as a regional delicacy.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg/220px-San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg/330px-San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg/440px-San-Daniele-Schinken_BMK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prosciutto_di_San_Daniele" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosciutto di San Daniele">Prosciutto di San Daniele</a> <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">PDO</a>, one of the most imitated Italian products in the world.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> phenomenon of imitation of Italian agri-food products that have nothing to do with Italian cuisine is known by the name of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-agrifood-59">[59]</a></figcaption></figure> Italian cuisine is one of the most popular and copied cultures worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-13">[13]</a> The lack or total unavailability of some of its most characteristic ingredients outside of Italy, leads to the complete de-naturalization of Italian ingredients, and above all else leads to falsifications (or food fraud).<a href="#cite_note-contraffazione-60">[60]</a> This phenomenon, widespread in all continents, is better known as <a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a>, consisting in the use of Italian words as well as images, colour combinations (the <a href="/wiki/Italian_tricolour" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian tricolour">Italian tricolour</a>), geographical references, and brands evocative of Italy to promote and market agri-food products which in reality have nothing to do with Italian cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-agrifood-59">[59]</a> Italian Sounding invests in almost every sector of Italian food, from the most famous Italian cheeses to cured meats, a variety of pasta, regional bread, extra virgin olive oils, and wines.<a href="#cite_note-contraffazione-60">[60]</a> Counterfeit products violate registered <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarks</a> or other distinctive signs protected by law such as the designations of origin (DOC, PDO, DOCG, PGI, TSG, IGT). Therefore, the counterfeiting is legally punishable.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> However, Italian Sounding cannot be classified as illegal from a strictly legal standpoint, but they still represent "a huge damage to the Italian economy and to the potential resources of <a href="/wiki/Made_in_Italy" title="Made in Italy">Made in Italy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-uibm.gov.it-62">[62]</a> Two out of three Italian agri-food products sold worldwide are not made in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-gamberorosso-63">[63]</a> The Italian Sounding phenomenon is estimated to generate <a href="/wiki/Euros" class="mw-redirect" title="Euros">€</a>55 billion worldwide annually.<a href="#cite_note-unionalimentari-64">[64]</a> Following the spread of fast food, also in Italy, imported from Anglo-Saxon countries and in particular from the United States in 1986, in <a href="/wiki/Bra,_Piedmont" title="Bra, Piedmont">Bra, Piedmont</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a> cultural and gastronomic movement was founded, then converted into an institution with the aim of protecting culinary specificities and to safeguard various regional products of Italian cuisine under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_Taste" title="Ark of Taste">Slow Food Presidia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Slow Food also focuses on food quality, rather than quantity.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> It speaks out against <a href="/wiki/Overproduction" title="Overproduction">overproduction</a> and food waste,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and sees <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> as a process in which small and local farmers and food producers should be simultaneously protected from and included in the global food system.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The Italian chef <a href="/wiki/Gualtiero_Marchesi" title="Gualtiero Marchesi">Gualtiero Marchesi</a> (1930–2017) is considered the founder of Italian <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">nouvelle cuisine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Italian nouvelle cuisine is characterised by lighter, more delicate dishes and an increased emphasis on presentation, and it designed for the most expensive restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-cateringgrasch-72">[72]</a> It is defined as a "cuisine of the head rather than the throat" and it is characterised by the separation of flavours, without ever upsetting the ancient Italian culinary tradition despite the use, in its recipes, of some culinary traditions of other countries.<a href="#cite_note-cateringgrasch-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basic_foods">Basic foods</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Basic foods">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BasilPesto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BasilPesto.JPG/220px-BasilPesto.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BasilPesto.JPG/330px-BasilPesto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BasilPesto.JPG/440px-BasilPesto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption>Pesto, a <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Ligurian</a> sauce made out of basil, olive oil, hard cheese and pine nuts, which can be eaten with pasta or other dishes such as soup</figcaption></figure> Italian cuisine has a great variety of different ingredients which are commonly used, ranging from fruits and vegetables to grains to cheeses, meats, and fish. In northern Italy, fish (such as cod, or <a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Baccalà">baccalà</a>), potatoes, rice, corn (maize), sausages, pork, and different types of cheese are the most common ingredients. Pasta dishes with tomato are common throughout Italy.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Italians use ingredients that are fresh and subtly seasoned and spiced.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In northern Italy there are many types of <a href="/wiki/Stuffed_pasta" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed pasta">stuffed pasta</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a> and risotto are equally popular if not more so.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Ligurian ingredients include several types of fish and seafood dishes. Basil (found in pesto), nuts, and olive oil are very common. In Emilia-Romagna, common ingredients include <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto" title="Prosciutto">prosciutto</a> (Italian ham), <a href="/wiki/Cotechino_Modena" title="Cotechino Modena">cotechino</a>, different sorts of salami, truffles, <a href="/wiki/Grana_(cheese)" title="Grana (cheese)">grana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan</a> (Italian: Parmigiano Reggiano), tomatoes (<a href="/wiki/Bolognese_sauce" title="Bolognese sauce">Bolognese sauce</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rag%C3%B9" title="Ragù">ragù</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">balsamic vinegar</a> (Italian: aceto balsamico). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parmigiano_Reggiano,_Italien,_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Parmigiano_Reggiano%2C_Italien%2C_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg/220px-Parmigiano_Reggiano%2C_Italien%2C_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Parmigiano_Reggiano%2C_Italien%2C_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg/330px-Parmigiano_Reggiano%2C_Italien%2C_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Parmigiano_Reggiano%2C_Italien%2C_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg/440px-Parmigiano_Reggiano%2C_Italien%2C_Europ%C3%A4ische_Union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2901" data-file-height="2982" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan</a> cheese</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliven_V1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oliven_V1.jpg/220px-Oliven_V1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oliven_V1.jpg/330px-Oliven_V1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oliven_V1.jpg/440px-Oliven_V1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="2790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Pasta)_by_David_Adam_Kess_(pic.2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%28Pasta%29_by_David_Adam_Kess_%28pic.2%29.jpg/220px-%28Pasta%29_by_David_Adam_Kess_%28pic.2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%28Pasta%29_by_David_Adam_Kess_%28pic.2%29.jpg/330px-%28Pasta%29_by_David_Adam_Kess_%28pic.2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%28Pasta%29_by_David_Adam_Kess_%28pic.2%29.jpg/440px-%28Pasta%29_by_David_Adam_Kess_%28pic.2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Various types of <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/220px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/330px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/440px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The ingredients of traditional <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Margherita" title="Pizza Margherita">pizza Margherita</a>—tomatoes (red), <a href="/wiki/Mozzarella" title="Mozzarella">mozzarella</a> (white), and <a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a> (green)—are inspired by the colours of the national <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">flag of Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrels_vinegar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Barrels_vinegar.jpg/220px-Barrels_vinegar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Barrels_vinegar.jpg/330px-Barrels_vinegar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Barrels_vinegar.jpg/440px-Barrels_vinegar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Barrels of aging <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">balsamic vinegar</a></figcaption></figure> Traditional central Italian cuisine uses ingredients such as tomatoes, all types of meat, fish, and <a href="/wiki/Pecorino" title="Pecorino">pecorino</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In Tuscany, pasta (especially <a href="/wiki/Pappardelle" title="Pappardelle">pappardelle</a>) is traditionally served with meat sauce (including game meat).<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In southern Italy, tomatoes (fresh or cooked into tomato sauce), peppers, olives and olive oil, garlic, artichokes, oranges, <a href="/wiki/Ricotta_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricotta cheese">ricotta cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aubergines" class="mw-redirect" title="Aubergines">aubergines</a>, courgette, certain types of fish (anchovies, sardines, and tuna), and capers are important components to the local cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Many cheeses and dairy products are made in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> There are more than 600 distinct types throughout the country,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> of which 490 are protected and marked as PDO (<a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a>), PGI (<a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">protected geographical indication</a>) and PAT (<a href="/wiki/Prodotti_agroalimentari_tradizionali" title="Prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali">prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali</a>).<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a> is the most commonly used vegetable fat in Italian cooking and as the basis for sauces, replaced only in some recipes and in some geographical areas by butter or <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-May2005-86">[86]</a> Italy is the largest consumer of olive oil, at 30% of the world total.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> It also has the largest range of <a href="/wiki/Olive_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive cultivar">olive cultivars</a> in existence and is the second largest producer and exporter in the world, producing more than 464,000 tons.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Bread has always been a fundamental food in Italian cuisine, and that of other Mediterranean countries.<a href="#cite_note-lacucinaitaliana-90">[90]</a> There are numerous regional types of bread.<a href="#cite_note-lacucinaitaliana-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meats">Meats</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Meats">edit</a>]</div> Italian cuisine has <a href="/wiki/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine" title="Sausages in Italian cuisine">a great variety of sausages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cured_meats" class="mw-redirect" title="Cured meats">cured meats</a>, many of which are protected and marked as PDO and PGI,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> and make up 34% of the total of sausages and cured meats consumed in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> while others are marked as PAT.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a> are Italian meat products typical of an <a href="/wiki/Antipasto" title="Antipasto">antipasto</a>, predominantly made from pork and <a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">cured</a>. They are also include <a href="/wiki/Bresaola" title="Bresaola">bresaola</a>, which is made from beef, and some cooked products, such as <a href="/wiki/Mortadella" title="Mortadella">mortadella</a> and prosciutto. Meat, especially beef, pork, and poultry, is very present in Italian cuisine, in a very wide range of preparations and recipes.<a href="#cite_note-assovini-94">[94]</a> It is also important as an ingredient in the preparation of sauces for pasta. In addition to the varieties mentioned, albeit less commonly, sheep, goat, horse, rabbit and, even less commonly, game meat are also consumed in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-assovini-94">[94]</a> Since Italy is largely surrounded by the sea, therefore having a great coastal development and being rich in lakes, fish (both marine and freshwater), as well as <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molluscs" class="mw-redirect" title="Molluscs">molluscs</a>, and other seafood, enjoy a prominent place in Italian cuisine, as in general in the Mediterranean cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Fish is the second course in meals and is also an ingredient in the preparation of seasonings for types of pasta.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> It is also widely used in <a href="/wiki/Appetisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Appetisers">appetisers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pasta">Pasta</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pasta">edit</a>]</div> Italian cuisine is also well known (and well regarded) for its use of a diverse variety of pasta. Pasta include noodles in various lengths, widths, and shapes.<a href="#cite_note-cibo360-98">[98]</a> Most pastas may be distinguished by the shapes for which they are named—<a href="/wiki/Penne" title="Penne">penne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maccheroni" class="mw-redirect" title="Maccheroni">maccheroni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">spaghetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguine" title="Linguine">linguine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fusilli" title="Fusilli">fusilli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasagna" title="Lasagna">lasagna</a>. Many more varieties are filled with other ingredients, such as <a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">ravioli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tortellini" title="Tortellini">tortellini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cibo360-98">[98]</a> The word pasta is also used to refer to dishes in which pasta products are a primary ingredient.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> It is usually served with sauce. There are hundreds of different <a href="/wiki/Shapes_of_pasta" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapes of pasta">shapes of pasta</a> with at least locally recognised names. Examples include spaghetti ('thin rods'), <a href="/wiki/Rigatoni" title="Rigatoni">rigatoni</a> ('tubes' or 'cylinders'), fusilli ('swirls'), and lasagna. Dumplings, such as gnocchi (made with potatoes or pumpkin) and noodles such as <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Spätzle">spätzle</a>, are sometimes considered pasta.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Pasta is divided into two broad categories: dry pasta (100% <a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">durum wheat</a> flour mixed with water) and fresh pasta (also with soft wheat flour and almost always mixed with eggs).<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Pasta is generally cooked by boiling. Under Italian law, dry pasta (pasta secca) can only be made from durum wheat flour or durum wheat <a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">semolina</a>, and is more commonly used in southern Italy compared to their northern counterparts, who traditionally prefer the fresh egg variety.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Durum flour and durum semolina have a yellow tinge in colour.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Italian dried pasta is traditionally cooked <a href="/wiki/Al_dente" title="Al dente">al dente</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'to the tooth').<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> There are many types of wheat flour with varying gluten and protein levels depending on the variety of grain used.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Particular varieties of pasta may also use other grains and milling methods to make the flour, as specified by law. Some pasta varieties, such as <a href="/wiki/Pizzoccheri" title="Pizzoccheri">pizzoccheri</a>, are made from <a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a> flour.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Fresh pasta may include eggs (Italian: pasta all'uovo, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'egg pasta').<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Both dry and fresh pasta are used to prepare the dish, in three different ways:<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <ul><li>pastasciutta: pasta is cooked and then served with a sauce or other condiment;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minestrone" title="Minestrone">minestrone</a>: pasta is cooked and served in meat or vegetable broth (minestra), even together with chopped vegetables (minestrone);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_al_forno" title="Pasta al forno">pasta al forno</a>: the pasta is first cooked and seasoned, and then passed back to the oven.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pizza">Pizza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pizza">edit</a>]</div> Pizza, consisting of a usually round, flat base of <a href="/wiki/Leavened" class="mw-redirect" title="Leavened">leavened</a> wheat-based dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and often various other ingredients (such as anchovies, mushrooms, onions, olives, meats, and more), which is then baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> is the best known and most consumed Italian food in the world.<a href="#cite_note-focus-112">[112]</a> In 2009, upon Italy's request, <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a> was registered with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed" title="Traditional speciality guaranteed">traditional speciality guaranteed</a> dish,<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and in 2017 the art of its making was included on <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s list of <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible cultural heritage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Up to 20% of the flour in the traditional pizza crust can be strong <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_flour" title="Manitoba flour">Manitoba flour</a>, which was introduced to Italy from Canada as part of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> after World War II.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> In Italy it is consumed as a single dish (pizza al piatto) or as a snack, even on the go (<a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">pizza al taglio</a>).<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In the various regions, dishes similar to pizza are the various types of <a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">focaccia</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">piadina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crescia" title="Crescia">crescia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sfincione" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfincione">sfincione</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_cuisines">Regional cuisines</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Regional cuisines">edit</a>]</div> Each area has its own specialties, primarily at a regional level, but also at the provincial level. The differences can come from a bordering country (such as France, Austria or Slovenia), whether a region is close to the sea or the mountains, and economics.<a href="#cite_note-HazanIntroduction-118">[118]</a> Italian cuisine is also seasonal with priority placed on the use of fresh produce.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-tableagent.com-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abruzzo_and_Molise">Abruzzo and Molise</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Abruzzo and Molise">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Cuisine of Abruzzo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg/220px-Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg/330px-Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg/440px-Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg/220px-Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg/330px-Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg/440px-Brodetto_alla_vastese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brudet" title="Brudet">Brodetto alla vastese</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>, Abruzzo</figcaption></figure> Pasta, meat, and vegetables are central to the cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili peppers</a> (Italian: <a href="/wiki/Peperoncini" class="mw-redirect" title="Peperoncini">peperoncini</a>) are typical of Abruzzo, where they are called diavoletti (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'little devils') for their spicy heat. Due to the long history of <a href="/wiki/Shepherd" title="Shepherd">shepherding</a> in Abruzzo and Molise, lamb dishes are common. Lamb meat is often paired with pasta.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000319-121">[121]</a> Mushrooms (usually wild mushrooms), rosemary, and garlic are also extensively used in Abruzzese cuisine. Best-known is the extra virgin olive oil produced in the local farms on the hills of the region, marked by the quality level <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">DOP</a> and considered one of the best in the country.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Renowned wines such as <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano</a> <a href="/wiki/DOCG" class="mw-redirect" title="DOCG">DOCG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trebbiano_d%27Abruzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebbiano d'Abruzzo">Trebbiano d'Abruzzo</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a> are considered amongst the world's finest wines.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In 2012, a bottle of Trebbiano d'Abruzzo <a href="/wiki/Colline_Teramane" class="mw-redirect" title="Colline Teramane">Colline Teramane</a> ranked No. 1 in the top 50 Italian wine award.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Centerbe" title="Centerbe">Centerbe</a> is a strong (72% alcohol), spicy herbal liqueur drunk by the locals. Another liqueur is <a href="/wiki/Genziana_liqueur" title="Genziana liqueur">genziana</a>, a soft distillate of <a href="/wiki/Gentian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentian">gentian</a> roots. The best-known dish from Abruzzo is <a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">arrosticini</a>, little pieces of castrated lamb on a wooden stick and cooked on coals. The <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/chitarra_(gastronomia)" class="extiw" title="it:chitarra (gastronomia)">chitarra</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'guitar') is a fine stringed tool that pasta dough is pressed through for cutting. In the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a>, famous local dishes include the virtù soup (made with legumes, vegetables, and pork meat), the <a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">timballo</a> (pasta sheets filled with meat, vegetables or rice), and the <a href="/wiki/Mazzarelle" title="Mazzarelle">mazzarelle</a> (lamb intestines filled with garlic, <a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">marjoram</a>, lettuce, and various spices). The popularity of saffron, grown in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">province of L'Aquila</a>, has waned in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000319-121">[121]</a> Seafood is also an important part of <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzo cuisine</a>, with fish products such as <a href="/wiki/Brudet" title="Brudet">brodetti</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scapece_alla_vastese" title="Scapece alla vastese">scapece alla vastese</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_all%27abruzzese" title="Baccalà all'abruzzese">baccalà all'abruzzese</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cozze_allo_zafferano" title="Cozze allo zafferano">cozze allo zafferano</a>, classic cooked mussels prepared with parsley, onion, bay leaf, white wine, and olive oil, and seasoned with <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila_saffron" title="L'Aquila saffron">L'Aquila saffron</a> sauce,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coregone_di_Campotosto" title="Coregone di Campotosto">coregone di Campotosto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> typical lake fish. The most famous dish of <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a> is <a href="/wiki/Cavatelli" title="Cavatelli">cavatelli</a>, a long shaped, handmade macaroni-type pasta made of flour, semolina, and water, often served with meat sauce, broccoli or mushrooms. <a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a> waffles are a common dessert, especially around Christmas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apulia">Apulia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Apulia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg/220px-Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg/330px-Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg/440px-Orecchiette_con_cima_di_rapa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orecchiette" title="Orecchiette">Orecchiette</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rapini" title="Rapini">cime di rapa</a> sauce</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> is a massive food producer; major production includes wheat, tomatoes, courgette, broccoli, bell peppers, potatoes, spinach, aubergines, cauliflower, fennel, <a href="/wiki/Endive" title="Endive">endive</a>, chickpeas, lentils, beans, and cheese (such as <a href="/wiki/Caciocavallo" title="Caciocavallo">caciocavallo</a> and the famous <a href="/wiki/Burrata" title="Burrata">burrata</a>). Apulia is also the largest producer of olive oil in Italy. The sea offers abundant fish and seafood that are extensively used in the regional cuisine, especially oysters, and mussels. Goat and lamb are occasionally used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000361-131">[131]</a> The region is known for pasta made from durum wheat and traditional pasta dishes featuring <a href="/wiki/Orecchiette" title="Orecchiette">orecchiette</a>-style pasta, often served with tomato sauce, potatoes, mussels or <a href="/wiki/Broccoli_rabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Broccoli rabe">broccoli rabe</a>. Pasta with <a href="/wiki/Cherry_tomato" title="Cherry tomato">cherry tomatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arugula" class="mw-redirect" title="Arugula">arugula</a> is also popular.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Regional desserts include <a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">zeppole</a>, doughnuts usually topped with powdered sugar and filled with custard, jelly, <a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">cannoli</a>-style pastry cream or a butter-and-honey mixture. For Christmas, Apulians make a very traditional rose-shaped pastry called cartellate. These are fried or baked and dipped in vin cotto, which is either a wine or fig juice reduction. Most famous street foods are <a href="/wiki/Focaccia#Other_variants" title="Focaccia">focaccia</a> barese (focaccia with fresh cherry tomatoes), <a href="/wiki/Panzerotto" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzerotto">panzerotto</a> (a variant of the pizza that can be baked or fried) and <a href="/wiki/Rustico_(pastry)" title="Rustico (pastry)">rustico</a> (puff pastry with tomato, bechamel and mozzarella cheese, popular especially in Lecce and <a href="/wiki/Salento" title="Salento">Salento</a>) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basilicata">Basilicata</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Basilicata">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Cuisine of Basilicata</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg/220px-Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg/330px-Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg/440px-Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2843" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi" title="Pasta con i peperoni cruschi">Pasta con i peperoni cruschi</a>, a traditional dish from <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></figcaption></figure> The cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> is mostly based on inexpensive ingredients and deeply anchored in rural traditions. Pork is an integral part of the regional cuisine, often made into sausages or roasted on a spit. Famous dry sausages from the region are <a href="/wiki/Lucanica" title="Lucanica">lucanica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soppressata" title="Soppressata">soppressata</a>. Wild boar, mutton, and lamb are also popular. Pasta sauces are generally based on meats or vegetables. <a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a> is often used as a spice and condiment, known in the region as "poor man's truffle".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The region produces cheeses such as <a href="/wiki/Pecorino_di_Filiano" title="Pecorino di Filiano">pecorino di Filiano</a>, canestrato di Moliterno, <a href="/wiki/Pallone_di_Gravina" title="Pallone di Gravina">pallone di Gravina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Padraccio" title="Padraccio">padraccio</a> and olive oils such as the Vulture.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Peperone_crusco" title="Peperone crusco">peperone crusco</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'crusco pepper') is a staple of the local cuisine, defined as the "red gold of Basilicata".<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> It is consumed as a snack or as a main ingredient for several regional recipes.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Among the traditional dishes are <a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi" title="Pasta con i peperoni cruschi">pasta con i peperoni cruschi</a>, pasta served with dried crunchy pepper and <a href="/wiki/Breadcrumbs" title="Breadcrumbs">breadcrumbs</a>;<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lagane_e_ceci" title="Lagane e ceci">lagane e ceci</a>, also known as piatto del brigante (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'brigand's dish'), pasta prepared with chickpeas and peeled tomatoes;<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumact_me_tulez" title="Tumact me tulez">tumact me tulez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagliatelle" title="Tagliatelle">tagliatelle</a>-dish of <a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABreshe" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbëreshe">Arbëreshe</a> culture; <a href="/wiki/Rafanata" title="Rafanata">rafanata</a>, a type of omelet with horseradish; ciaudedda, a vegetable stew with artichokes, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad beans">broad beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pancetta" title="Pancetta">pancetta</a>;<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_lucana" title="Baccalà alla lucana">baccalà alla lucana</a>, one of the few recipes made with fish. Desserts include <a href="/wiki/Taralli" title="Taralli">taralli</a> dolci, made with sugar glaze and scented with <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a> and calzoncelli, fried pastries filled with a cream of <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>. The most famous wine of the region is the <a href="/wiki/Aglianico_del_Vulture" title="Aglianico del Vulture">Aglianico del Vulture</a>; others include Matera, Terre dell'Alta Val d'Agri, and Grottino di Roccanova.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Basilicata is also known for its <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral waters</a> which are sold widely in Italy. The springs are mostly located in the volcanic basin of the <a href="/wiki/Vulture_(region)" title="Vulture (region)">Vulture</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calabria">Calabria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Calabria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Calabria#Cuisine" title="Calabria">Calabria § Cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg/220px-Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg/330px-Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg/440px-Nduja_mit_Brot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3761" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%27Nduja" title="'Nduja">'Nduja</a> with bread, with a piece of'nduja sausage in the background</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, a history of French rule under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Anjou" title="House of Valois-Anjou">House of Anjou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, along with Spanish influences, affected the language and culinary skills as seen in the naming of foods such as cake, gatò, from the French gateau. Seafood includes swordfish, shrimp, lobster, <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">squid</a>. Macaroni-type pasta is widely used in regional dishes, often served with goat, beef or pork sauce and salty ricotta cheese.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Main courses include <a href="/wiki/Frittole_(meat_dish)" title="Frittole (meat dish)">frittuli</a> (prepared by boiling pork rind, meat, and trimmings in pork fat), different varieties of spicy sausages (such as <a href="/wiki/%27nduja" class="mw-redirect" title="'nduja">'nduja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capocollo" title="Capocollo">coppa</a>), goat, and land snails. Melon and watermelon are traditionally served in a chilled fruit salad or wrapped in prosciutto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000401-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Calabrian_wine" title="Calabrian wine">Calabrian wines</a> include Greco di Bianco, Bivongi, Cirò, Dominici, Lamezia, Melissa, Pollino, Sant'Anna di Isola Capo Rizzuto, San Vito di Luzzi, Savuto, Scavigna, and Verbicaro. Calabrese pizza has a Neapolitan-based structure with fresh tomato sauce and a cheese base, but is unique because of its spicy flavour. Some of the ingredients included in a Calabrese pizza are thinly sliced hot <a href="/wiki/Soppressata" title="Soppressata">soppressata</a>, hot coppa, hot peppers, and fresh mozzarella. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campania">Campania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Campania">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg/220px-Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg/330px-Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg/440px-Mozzarella_di_bufala3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_mozzarella" title="Buffalo mozzarella">Buffalo mozzarella</a> (Italian: mozzarella di bufala) is a dairy product traditionally made from buffalo milk in southern Italy.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg/220px-Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg/330px-Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg/440px-Parmigiana_di_melanzane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parmigiana_di_melanzane" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmigiana di melanzane">Parmigiana di melanzane</a></figcaption></figure> Campania extensively produces tomatoes, peppers, <a href="/wiki/Spring_onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring onions">spring onions</a>, potatoes, artichokes, fennel, lemons, and oranges which all take on the flavour of volcanic soil. The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a> offers fish and seafood. Campania is one of the largest producers and consumers of pasta in Italy, especially spaghetti. In the regional cuisine, pasta is prepared in various styles that can feature tomato sauce, cheese, clams, and shellfish.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000337-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">Spaghetti alla puttanesca</a> is a popular dish made with olives, tomatoes, anchovies, capers, chili peppers, and garlic. The region is well known for its mozzarella production (especially from the milk of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic buffalo">water buffalo</a>) that is used in a variety of dishes, including <a href="/wiki/Parmigiana_di_melanzane" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmigiana di melanzane">parmigiana di melanzane</a> (shallow fried aubergine slices layered with cheese and tomato sauce, then baked). Desserts include <a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">struffoli</a> (deep fried balls of dough), ricotta-based <a href="/wiki/Pastiera" title="Pastiera">pastiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">sfogliatelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">torta caprese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rum_baba" title="Rum baba">rum baba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000337-144">[144]</a> Originating in Neapolitan cuisine, pizza has become popular worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-Miller-145">[145]</a> Pizza is an oven-baked, flat, disc-shaped bread typically topped with a tomato sauce, cheese (usually mozzarella), and various toppings depending on the culture. Since the original pizza, several other types of pizzas have evolved. Since Naples was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Two Sicilies">Kingdom of Two Sicilies</a>, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks). A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as <a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">timballo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sart%C3%B9_di_riso" title="Sartù di riso">sartù di riso</a>, pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, while the dishes coming from the popular traditions contain inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, such as pasta with beans and other pasta dishes with vegetables. Famous regional wines are <a href="/wiki/Aglianico" title="Aglianico">Aglianico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taurasi_DOCG" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurasi DOCG">Taurasi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fiano_(grape)" title="Fiano (grape)">Fiano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falanghina" title="Falanghina">Falanghina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacryma_Christi" title="Lacryma Christi">Lacryma Christi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coda_di_Volpe" title="Coda di Volpe">Coda di Volpe</a> dei Campi Flegrei, and <a href="/wiki/Greco_di_Tufo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco di Tufo">Greco di Tufo</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Emilia-Romagna">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piadina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Piadina.jpg/220px-Piadina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Piadina.jpg/330px-Piadina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Piadina.jpg/440px-Piadina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> is especially known for its egg and filled pasta made with soft wheat flour. The <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a> subregion is renowned for pasta dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Cappelletti_(pasta)" title="Cappelletti (pasta)">cappelletti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garganelli" title="Garganelli">garganelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strozzapreti" title="Strozzapreti">strozzapreti</a>, sfoglia lorda, and tortelli alla lastra as well as cheeses such as <a href="/wiki/Squacquerone" title="Squacquerone">squacquerone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">piadina</a> snacks are also a specialty of the subregion. Bologna and Modena are notable for pasta dishes such as tortellini, <a href="/wiki/Tortelloni" title="Tortelloni">tortelloni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasagna" title="Lasagna">lasagna</a>, gramigna, and tagliatelle, which are found also in many other parts of the region in different declinations, while Ferrara is known for cappellacci di zucca, pumpkin-filled dumplings, and Piacenza for <a href="/wiki/Pisarei_e_fa%C5%9B%C3%B6" title="Pisarei e faśö">pisarei e faśö</a>, wheat gnocchi with beans and lard. The celebrated <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">balsamic vinegar</a> is made only in the Emilian cities of Modena and <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a>, following legally binding traditional procedures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000187-146">[146]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_(image_modified).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_%28image_modified%29.jpg/220px-Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_%28image_modified%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_%28image_modified%29.jpg/330px-Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_%28image_modified%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_%28image_modified%29.jpg/440px-Tagliatelle_al_rag%C3%B9_%28image_modified%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption>Tagliatelle with <a href="/wiki/Bolognese_sauce" title="Bolognese sauce">ragù</a></figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Emilia_(region_of_Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilia (region of Italy)">Emilia</a> subregion, except <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a> which is heavily influenced by the cuisines of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, rice is eaten to a lesser extent than the rest of northern Italy. Polenta, a maize-based side dish, is common in both Emilia and Romagna. <a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan</a> (Italian: Parmigiano Reggiano) and <a href="/wiki/Grana_Padano" title="Grana Padano">Grana Padano</a> cheeses are produced in Reggio Emilia and Piacenza respectively. Although the Adriatic coast is a major fishing area (well known for its eels and clams harvested in the <a href="/wiki/Valli_di_Comacchio" title="Valli di Comacchio">Comacchio lagoon</a>), the region is more famous for its meat products, especially pork-based, that include cold cuts such as <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto_di_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosciutto di Parma">prosciutto di Parma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culatello" class="mw-redirect" title="Culatello">culatello</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salame_Felino" title="Salame Felino">salame Felino</a>; Piacenza's <a href="/wiki/Pancetta" title="Pancetta">pancetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capocollo" title="Capocollo">coppa</a>, and salami; <a href="/wiki/Mortadella_Bologna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortadella Bologna">mortadella Bologna</a> and salame rosa; <a href="/wiki/Zampone" class="mw-redirect" title="Zampone">zampone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotechino" title="Cotechino">cotechino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cappello_del_prete" title="Cappello del prete">cappello del prete</a>; and Ferrara's <a href="/wiki/Salama_da_sugo" title="Salama da sugo">salama da sugo</a>. Piacenza is also known for some dishes prepared with horse and donkey meat. Regional desserts include <a href="/wiki/Zuppa_inglese" title="Zuppa inglese">zuppa inglese</a> (custard-based dessert made with sponge cake and <a href="/wiki/Alchermes" title="Alchermes">Alchermes</a> liqueur), <a href="/wiki/Panpepato" title="Panpepato">panpepato</a> (Christmas cake made with pepper, chocolate, spices, and almonds), tenerina (butter and chocolate cake) and torta degli addobbi (rice and milk cake). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friuli-Venezia_Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Friuli-Venezia Giulia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frico1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Frico1.jpg/220px-Frico1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Frico1.jpg/330px-Frico1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Frico1.jpg/440px-Frico1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frico" title="Frico">Frico</a>, a traditional dish in the <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> region</figcaption></figure> The cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> can vary depending on the territory, as certain areas are home to German and <a href="/wiki/Slovenes_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenes in Italy">Slovene</a> minorities whose local cuisine conserves greater <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian">Austro-Hungarian</a> influences and often differs from mainstream <a href="/wiki/Friulians" title="Friulians">Friulian</a> cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Udine" title="Province of Udine">Udine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pordenone" title="Province of Pordenone">Pordenone</a>, in the western part of the region, are known for their traditional <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto_di_San_Daniele" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosciutto di San Daniele">prosciutto di San Daniele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montasio" title="Montasio">Montasio</a> cheese, <a href="/wiki/Cjarsons" title="Cjarsons">cjarsons</a> stuffed pasta and <a href="/wiki/Frico" title="Frico">frico</a> cheese dish. Other typical dishes are <a href="/wiki/Pitina" title="Pitina">pitina</a> (meatballs made of smoked meats), game, and various types of gnocchi and polenta. Typical dishes in the eastern provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Gorizia" title="Province of Gorizia">Gorizia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trieste" title="Province of Trieste">Trieste</a> include <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/brovada" class="extiw" title="it:brovada">brovada</a> (fermented turnips), <a href="/wiki/Jota_(food)" title="Jota (food)">Jota</a> (soup of beans, sauerkraut, potatoes, pancetta and onions), local variations of <a href="/wiki/Goulash" title="Goulash">goulash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">apple strudel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinza_(dessert)" title="Pinza (dessert)">pinza</a> and presnitz. Pork can be spicy and is often prepared over an open hearth called fogolar. <a href="/wiki/Collio_Goriziano" title="Collio Goriziano">Collio Goriziano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friuli_Isonzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Friuli Isonzo">Friuli Isonzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colli_Orientali_del_Friuli" title="Colli Orientali del Friuli">Colli Orientali del Friuli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ramandolo" title="Ramandolo">Ramandolo</a> are well-known <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">denominazione di origine controllata</a> (DOC) regional wines. Seafood from the Adriatic is also used in this area, mainly prepared according to <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Venetian</a> recipes. While the tuna fishing has declined, the pilchards from the Gulf of Trieste off <a href="/wiki/Barcola" title="Barcola">Barcola</a> (in the local dialect: sardoni barcolani) are a special and sought-after delicacy.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lazio">Lazio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Lazio">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg/220px-Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg/330px-Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg/440px-Espaguetis_carbonara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_carbonara" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaghetti alla carbonara">Spaghetti alla carbonara</a></figcaption></figure> It features fresh, seasonal and simply-prepared ingredients from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Campagna" title="Roman Campagna">Roman Campagna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoni198313-150">[150]</a> These include peas, <a href="/wiki/Globe_artichoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe artichoke">globe artichokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fava_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fava beans">fava beans</a>, shellfish, milk-fed lamb and goat, and cheeses such as <a href="/wiki/Pecorino_romano" title="Pecorino romano">pecorino romano</a> and ricotta.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoni198314-151">[151]</a> Olive oil is used mostly to dress raw vegetables, while strutto (pork lard) and fat from prosciutto are preferred for frying.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoni198313-150">[150]</a> The most popular sweets in Rome are small individual pastries called pasticcini, <a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">gelato</a> and handmade chocolates and candies.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Special dishes are often reserved for different days of the week; for example, gnocchi is eaten on Thursdays, <a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Baccalà">baccalà</a> (salted cod) on Fridays, and trippa (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> '<a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">tripe</a>') on Saturdays. Pasta dishes based on the use of <a href="/wiki/Guanciale" title="Guanciale">guanciale</a> (unsmoked bacon prepared with pig's jowl or cheeks) are often found in <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">carbonara</a> pasta and <a href="/wiki/Amatriciana_sauce" title="Amatriciana sauce">amatriciana</a> pasta. Another pasta dish of the region is <a href="/wiki/Arrabbiata" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrabbiata">arrabbiata</a>, with spicy tomato sauce. The regional cuisine widely use offal, resulting in dishes such as the entrail-based <a href="/wiki/Rigatoni" title="Rigatoni">rigatoni</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rigatoni_con_la_Pajata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigatoni con la Pajata">pajata</a> sauce and <a href="/wiki/Coda_alla_vaccinara" title="Coda alla vaccinara">coda alla vaccinara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000291-153">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbacchio" title="Abbacchio">Abbacchio</a> is a meat dish based on lamb from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman cuisine</a>. Iconic of Lazio is cheese made from ewes' milk (pecorino romano), <a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">porchetta</a> (savory, fatty, and moist boneless pork roast) and <a href="/wiki/Frascati_DOC" title="Frascati DOC">Frascati</a> white wine. The influence of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> community can be noticed in the Roman cuisine's traditional <a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_giudia" title="Carciofi alla giudia">carciofi alla giudia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000291-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liguria">Liguria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Liguria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Cuisine of Liguria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg/220px-Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg/330px-Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg/440px-Rosemary_Focaccia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a> with rosemary. Focaccia is widely associated with Ligurian cuisine.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> is known for herbs and vegetables (as well as seafood) in its cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">Savory</a> pies are popular, mixing greens and <a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">artichokes</a> along with cheeses, milk curds, and eggs. Onions and olive oil are used. Due to a lack of land suitable for wheat, the Ligurians use chickpeas in <a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">farinata</a> and polenta-like panissa. The former is served plain or topped with onions, artichokes, sausage, cheese or young anchovies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000167_and_177-154">[154]</a> Farinata is typically cooked in a wood-fired oven, similar to southern pizzas. Furthermore, fresh fish features heavily in Ligurian cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Baccalà">Baccalà</a> (salted cod) features prominently as a source of protein in coastal regions. It is traditionally prepared in a soup. Hilly districts use <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnuts</a> as a source of carbohydrates. Ligurian pastas include <a href="/wiki/Corzetti" title="Corzetti">corzetti</a>, typically stamped with traditional designs, from the <a href="/wiki/Polcevera_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Polcevera Valley">Polcevera Valley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pansoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pansoti">pansoti</a>, a triangular shaped ravioli filled with vegetables; piccagge, pasta ribbons made with a small amount of egg and served with artichoke sauce or pesto sauce; <a href="/wiki/Trenette" title="Trenette">trenette</a>, made from <a href="/wiki/Whole_wheat_flour" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole wheat flour">whole wheat flour</a> cut into long strips and served with pesto; boiled beans and potatoes; and <a href="/wiki/Trofie" title="Trofie">trofie</a>, a Ligurian gnocchi made from wheat flour and boiled potatoes, made into a spiral shape and often tossed in pesto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000167_and_177-154">[154]</a> Many Ligurians emigrated to Argentina in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, influencing the cuisine of the country (which was otherwise dominated by meat and dairy products that the narrow Ligurian hinterland would not have allowed). Pesto, sauce made from basil and other herbs, is uniquely Ligurian, and features prominently among Ligurian pastas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lombardy">Lombardy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Lombardy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg/220px-Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg/330px-Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg/440px-Redaktionsvortreffen_EuT_2_ossobuco_16.04.2011_22-59-12.2011_22-59-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3824" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">Ossobuco</a> served with <a href="/wiki/Risotto_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Risotto alla milanese">risotto alla milanese</a></figcaption></figure> Due to the different historical events of its provinces and the variety of its territory, <a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard cuisine</a> has a very varied culinary tradition. First courses in Lombard cuisine range from risotto, to soups and stuffed pasta, in broth or not. Main courses offer a variegated choice of meat or fish dishes of the tradition of the many lakes and rivers of Lombardy.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In general, the cuisine of the various provinces of Lombardy can be united by the prevalence of rice and stuffed pasta over dry pasta, butter instead of olive oil for cooking, prolonged cooking, the widespread use of pork, milk and derivatives, egg-based preparations, and the consumption of polenta that is common to all of northern Italy.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnolotti_pavesi_(4).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Agnolotti_pavesi_%284%29.JPG/220px-Agnolotti_pavesi_%284%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Agnolotti_pavesi_%284%29.JPG/330px-Agnolotti_pavesi_%284%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Agnolotti_pavesi_%284%29.JPG/440px-Agnolotti_pavesi_%284%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A plate of dry <a href="/wiki/Agnolotti_pavesi" title="Agnolotti pavesi">agnolotti pavesi</a>, with a Pavese stew-based sauce</figcaption></figure> Rice dishes are very popular in this region, often found in soups as well as risotto. The best-known version is <a href="/wiki/Risotto_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Risotto alla milanese">risotto alla milanese</a>, flavoured with saffron. Due to its characteristic yellow colour, it is often called risotto giallo. The dish is sometimes served with <a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">ossobuco</a> (cross-cut veal shanks braised with vegetables, white wine and broth).<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg/220px-Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg/330px-Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg/440px-Esno4Wkmana_jul_2014_Cassnam_066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A dish of <a href="/wiki/Pizzoccheri" title="Pizzoccheri">pizzoccheri</a></figcaption></figure> Other regional specialties include <a href="/wiki/Cotoletta_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotoletta alla milanese">cotoletta alla milanese</a> (a fried <a href="/wiki/Breaded_cutlet" title="Breaded cutlet">breaded cutlet</a> of veal similar to <a href="/wiki/Wiener_schnitzel" title="Wiener schnitzel">Wiener schnitzel</a>, but cooked "bone-in"), <a href="/wiki/Cassoeula" title="Cassoeula">cassoeula</a> (a typically winter dish prepared with cabbage and pork), <a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">mostarda</a> (rich condiment made with candied fruit and a mustard flavoured syrup), <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bresaola" title="Bresaola">bresaola</a> (air-dried salted beef), <a href="/wiki/Pizzoccheri" title="Pizzoccheri">pizzoccheri</a> (a flat ribbon pasta made with 80% buckwheat flour and 20% wheat flour cooked along with greens, cubed potatoes, and layered with pieces of <a href="/wiki/Valtellina_Casera" title="Valtellina Casera">Valtellina Casera</a> cheese), <a href="/wiki/Agnolotti_pavesi" title="Agnolotti pavesi">agnolotti pavesi</a> (a type of ravioli with Pavese stew filling), <a href="/wiki/Casoncelli" title="Casoncelli">casoncelli</a> (a type of stuffed pasta, usually garnished with melted butter and sage, typical of <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tortelli" title="Tortelli">tortelli</a> di zucca (a type of ravioli with pumpkin filling, usually garnished with melted butter and sage or tomato).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200087-158">[158]</a> Common in the whole <a href="/wiki/Insubria" title="Insubria">Insubria</a> area are <a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">bruscitti</a>, originating from <a href="/wiki/Alto_Milanese" title="Alto Milanese">Alto Milanese</a>, which consist in a braised meat dish cut very thin and cooked in wine and <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel seeds</a>, historically obtained by stripping leftover meat. Regional cheeses include <a href="/wiki/Grana_Padano" title="Grana Padano">Grana Padano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorgonzola" title="Gorgonzola">Gorgonzola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crescenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Crescenza">crescenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robiola" title="Robiola">robiola</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taleggio_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taleggio (cheese)">Taleggio</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">plains of central and southern Lombardy</a> allow intensive cattle farming). Polenta is common across the region. Regional desserts include the famous <a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">panettone</a> (soft sweet bread with <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Candied_fruit" title="Candied fruit">candied citron and orange chunks</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marche">Marche</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Marche">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olive_ascolane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Olive_ascolane.jpg/220px-Olive_ascolane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Olive_ascolane.jpg/330px-Olive_ascolane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Olive_ascolane.jpg/440px-Olive_ascolane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olive_all%27ascolana" title="Olive all'ascolana">Olive all'ascolana</a></figcaption></figure> On the coast of <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a>, fish and seafood are produced. Inland, wild and domestic pigs are used for sausages and prosciuttos. These prosciuttos are not thinly sliced, but cut into bite-sized chunks. <a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">Suckling pig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">chicken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">fish</a> are often stuffed with <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a> fronds and <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> before being roasted or placed on the spit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000273-159">[159]</a> Ascoli, Marche's southernmost province, is well known for <a href="/wiki/Olive_all%27ascolana" title="Olive all'ascolana">olive all'ascolana</a> (stoned olives stuffed with several minced meats, egg, and Parmesan cheese, then fried).<a href="#cite_note-GURI-160">[160]</a> Another well-known Marche product are the maccheroncini di Campofilone, from little town of <a href="/wiki/Campofilone" title="Campofilone">Campofilone</a>, a type of hand-made pasta made only of hard grain flour and eggs, cut so thin that melts in one's mouth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piedmont">Piedmont</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Piedmont">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnolotti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Agnolotti.JPG/220px-Agnolotti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Agnolotti.JPG/330px-Agnolotti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Agnolotti.JPG/440px-Agnolotti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Piedmontese <a href="/wiki/Agnolotti" title="Agnolotti">agnolotti</a></figcaption></figure> Between the Alps and the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a>, featuring a large number of different ecosystems, the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> region offers a refined and varied cuisine. As a point of union between traditional Italian and French cuisine, Piedmont is the Italian region with the largest number of cheeses with <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">protected geographical status</a> and wines under <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a>. It is also the region where both the <a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a> association and the most prestigious school of Italian cooking, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gastronomic_Sciences" title="University of Gastronomic Sciences">University of Gastronomic Sciences</a>, were founded.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-161">[161]</a> Piedmont is a region where gathering nuts, mushrooms, and <a href="/wiki/Cardoon" title="Cardoon">cardoons</a>, as well as hunting and fishing, are commonplace. <a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a>, garlic, seasonal vegetables, cheese, and rice feature in the cuisine. Wines from the <a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a> grape such as <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a> are produced as well as wines from the <a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a> grape, fine <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wines</a>, and the sweet, lightly sparkling, <a href="/wiki/Moscato_d%27Asti" title="Moscato d'Asti">Moscato d'Asti</a>. The region is also famous for its <a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ratafia" title="Ratafia">Ratafia</a> production.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-161">[161]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg/220px-Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg/330px-Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg/440px-Polenta_al_forno_con_bagna_caoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3698" data-file-height="2388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">bagna càuda</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Castelmagno_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelmagno (cheese)">Castelmagno</a> is a prized cheese of the region. Piedmont is also famous for the quality of its <a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%B9" title="Carrù">Carrù</a> beef (particularly bue grasso, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'fat ox'), hence the tradition of eating raw meat seasoned with garlic oil, lemon, and salt; <a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">carpaccio</a>; brasato al vino, wine stew made from marinated beef; and boiled beef served with various sauces.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-161">[161]</a> The food most typical of the Piedmont tradition are <a href="/wiki/Agnolotti" title="Agnolotti">agnolotti</a> (pasta folded over with roast beef and vegetable stuffing), paniscia (a typical dish of <a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a>, a type of risotto with <a href="/wiki/Arborio_rice" title="Arborio rice">Arborio rice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maratelli" title="Maratelli">Maratelli</a> rice, the typical kind of <a href="/wiki/Saluggia" title="Saluggia">Saluggia</a> beans, onion, <a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a> wine, lard, salami, season vegetables, salt, and pepper), <a href="/wiki/Taglierini" class="mw-redirect" title="Taglierini">taglierini</a> (thinner version of tagliatelle), <a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">bagna càuda</a> (sauce of garlic, anchovies, olive oil, and butter), and <a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">bicerin</a> (hot drink made of coffee, chocolate, and whole milk). Piedmont is one of the Italian capitals of pastry and chocolate in particular, with products such as <a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gianduiotto" title="Gianduiotto">gianduiotto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">marron glacé</a> that are famous worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sardinia">Sardinia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sardinia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinian cuisine">Sardinian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carasadu4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carasadu4.JPG/220px-Carasadu4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carasadu4.JPG/330px-Carasadu4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carasadu4.JPG/440px-Carasadu4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">carasau</a> bread</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">Suckling pig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> are roasted on the spit or boiled in stews of beans and vegetables, thickened with bread. Herbs such as mint and <a href="/wiki/Myrtus#Culinary" title="Myrtus">myrtle</a> are widely used in the regional cuisine. Sardinia also has many special types of bread, made dry, which keeps longer than high-moisture breads.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000457_and_460-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malloreddus" title="Malloreddus">Malloreddus</a> is a typical pasta of the region. Also baked are <a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">carasau</a> bread, civraxu bread, coccoi a pitzus, a highly decorative bread, and pistocu bread, made with flour and water only, originally meant for herders, but often served at home with tomatoes, basil, oregano, garlic, and a strong cheese. <a href="/wiki/Rock_lobster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock lobster">Rock lobster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scampi" title="Scampi">scampi</a>, squid, tuna, and sardines are the predominant seafoods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000457_and_460-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Casu_marzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Casu marzu">Casu marzu</a> is a sheep's cheese produced in Sardinia, but is of questionable legality due to hygiene concerns.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sicily">Sicily</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sicily">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasta_alla_Norma_(2563876877).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pasta_alla_Norma_%282563876877%29.jpg/220px-Pasta_alla_Norma_%282563876877%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pasta_alla_Norma_%282563876877%29.jpg/330px-Pasta_alla_Norma_%282563876877%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pasta_alla_Norma_%282563876877%29.jpg/440px-Pasta_alla_Norma_%282563876877%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a> is amongst Sicily's most historic and iconic dishes.</figcaption></figure> Sicily shows traces of all the cultures which established themselves on the island over the last two millennia. Although its cuisine undoubtedly has a predominantly Italian base, Sicilian food also has Spanish, Greek, and Arab influences. The ancient Romans introduced lavish dishes based on goose. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantines</a> favoured sweet and sour flavours and the Arabs brought sugar, citrus, rice, spinach, and saffron. The <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufens</a> had a fondness for meat dishes. The Spanish introduced items from the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> including chocolate, maize, turkey, and tomatoes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000423-164">[164]</a> Sicilian cuisine not only reflects a mix of historical influences, but also embodies traditions that have been preserved through the use of local ingredients and age-old techniques, particularly in dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">arancini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">cassata</a>, which showcase the island's unique culinary heritage.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg/220px-Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg/330px-Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg/440px-Tranci_di_pesce_spada_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>Grilled swordfish</figcaption></figure> Much of the island's cuisine encourages the use of fresh vegetables such as aubergine, peppers, and tomatoes, as well as fish such as tuna, <a href="/wiki/Seabream" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabream">seabream</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_seabass" title="European seabass">sea bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>, in the extreme western corner of the island, <a href="/wiki/North_African_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="North African cuisine">North African</a> influences are clear in the use of various <a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">couscous</a> based dishes, usually combined with fish.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Mint is used extensively in cooking unlike the rest of Italy. Traditional specialties from Sicily include arancini (a form of deep-fried rice <a href="/wiki/Croquette" title="Croquette">croquettes</a>), pasta <a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">alla Norma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">caponata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">pani câ meusa</a>, and a host of desserts and sweets such as <a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">cannoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granita" title="Granita">granita</a>, and cassata.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Typical of Sicily is <a href="/wiki/Marsala_DOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsala DOC">Marsala</a>, a red, <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wine</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port</a> and largely exported.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trentino-Alto_Adige">Trentino-Alto Adige</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Trentino-Alto Adige">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG/220px-Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG/330px-Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG/440px-Speckkn%C3%B6del_in_Br%C3%BChe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Traditional speck <a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%B6del" title="Knödel">knödel</a> soup. The cuisine of <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a> combines culinary influences from Italy and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> with a strong <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">alpine</a> regional and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> influence.</figcaption></figure> The cuisine of <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a>—the northern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige region—combines culinary influences from Italy and the Mediterranean with a strong <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">alpine</a> regional and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> influence.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> in the middle of the 16th century, the region was known for the simplicity of its peasant cuisine. When the prelates of the Catholic Church established there, they brought the art of fine cooking with them. Later, also influences from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Empire">Habsburg Empire</a> came in.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200067-171">[171]</a> The most renowned local product is traditional <a href="/wiki/Speck" title="Speck">speck</a> juniper-flavoured prosciutto which, as <a href="/wiki/Speck_Alto_Adige" title="Speck Alto Adige">speck Alto Adige</a>, is regulated by the European Union under the <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">PGI</a> status. Goulash, <a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%B6del" title="Knödel">knödel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">apple strudel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiserschmarrn" title="Kaiserschmarrn">kaiserschmarrn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berliner_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berliner (doughnut)">krapfen</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6sti" title="Rösti">rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Spätzle">spätzle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a> are regular dishes, along with potatoes, dumpling, homemade <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a>, and lard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200067-171">[171]</a> Since the 20th century the cuisine has come under the influence of other Italian regions, so that various pizza and <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> dishes have become staples.<a href="#cite_note-Reise_durch_Bella_Italia:_Südtirol-172">[172]</a> This fusion has led to the creation of dishes such as pasta with speck cream sauce and baked apple rings.<a href="#cite_note-Reise_durch_Bella_Italia:_Südtirol-172">[172]</a> The territory of <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a> is also reputed for its <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a> white wines. The cuisine of the <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> subregion leans more towards Veneto. It is influenced by its geographical position which ranges from isolated Alpine valleys to the southern <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">prealpine lakes</a>. The cuisine is characterised by its peasant dishes and especially the wide presence of soups. Trentino produces various types of sausages, polenta, yogurt, cheese, gnocchi, <a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a>, potato cake, funnel cake and freshwater fish. Typical dishes from Trentino include zuppa d'orzo (barley soup), <a href="/wiki/Semmelkn%C3%B6del" title="Semmelknödel">canederli</a> (bread dumplings), <a href="/wiki/Strozzapreti#Gnocchi_types" title="Strozzapreti">strangolapreti</a> (spinach gnocchi), smacafam (savory <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> pie), panada (bread soup), brö brusà (toasted soup), tortel di patate (potato pancakes) and risotto with <a href="/wiki/Teroldego" title="Teroldego">Teroldego</a>. Trentino's protected products include its <a href="/wiki/Non_Valley" title="Non Valley">Non Valley</a> apples. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuscany">Tuscany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tuscany">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan food</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG/220px-Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG/330px-Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG/440px-Finocchiona_from_Tuscany.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3505" data-file-height="2331" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finocchiona" title="Finocchiona">Finocchiona</a>, a classic Tuscan <a href="/wiki/Salami" title="Salami">salami</a></figcaption></figure> Simplicity is central to the Tuscan cuisine. Legumes, bread, cheese, vegetables, mushrooms, and fresh <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> are used. A good example of typical Tuscan food is <a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">ribollita</a>, a notable soup whose name literally means 'reboiled'. Like most Tuscan cuisine, the soup has peasant origins. Ribollita was originally made by reheating (i.e. reboiling) the leftover <a href="/wiki/Minestrone" title="Minestrone">minestrone</a> or vegetable soup from the previous day. There are many variations, but the main ingredients always include leftover bread, cannellini beans, and inexpensive vegetables such as carrot, cabbage, beans, <a href="/wiki/Chard" title="Chard">silverbeet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavolo_nero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavolo nero">cavolo nero</a> (Tuscan kale), onion, and olive oil. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg/220px-Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg/330px-Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg/440px-Bistecca_alla_fiorentina-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bistecca_alla_fiorentina" title="Bistecca alla fiorentina">Bistecca alla fiorentina</a></figcaption></figure> A regional Tuscan pasta known as <a href="/wiki/Pici" title="Pici">pici</a> resembles thick, grainy-surfaced spaghetti, and is often rolled by hand. White <a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">truffles</a> from <a href="/wiki/San_Miniato" title="San Miniato">San Miniato</a> appear in October and November. High-quality beef, used for the traditional <a href="/wiki/Florentine_steak" class="mw-redirect" title="Florentine steak">Florentine steak</a>, come from the <a href="/wiki/Chianina" title="Chianina">Chianina</a> cattle breed of the <a href="/wiki/Chiana_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiana Valley">Chiana Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maremmana" title="Maremmana">Maremmana</a> from <a href="/wiki/Maremma" title="Maremma">Maremma</a>. Pork is also produced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000221–239-173">[173]</a> The region is well-known also for its rich game, especially wild boar, <a href="/wiki/European_hare" title="European hare">hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fallow_deer" title="Fallow deer">fallow deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasant</a> that often are used to prepare <a href="/wiki/Pappardelle" title="Pappardelle">pappardelle</a> dishes. Maiale Ubriaco, or "Drunken Pork", is another regional preparation in which pork is braised in Chianti wine and often paired with Tuscan kale.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lardo" title="Lardo">Lardo</a> is a salume of cured fatback, served as thin slices or as a paste; a famous variety is lardo di <a href="/wiki/Colonnata" title="Colonnata">Colonnata</a>. Regional desserts include <a href="/wiki/Biscotti#Italy" title="Biscotti">cantucci</a> (oblong-shaped almond biscuits), <a href="/wiki/Castagnaccio" title="Castagnaccio">castagnaccio</a> (a chestnut flour cake), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_di_ramerino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan di ramerino (page does not exist)">pan di ramerino</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/pan_di_ramerino" class="extiw" title="it:pan di ramerino">it</a>] (a sweet bread containing raisins and rosemary), <a href="/wiki/Panforte" title="Panforte">panforte</a> (prepared with honey, fruits, and nuts), <a href="/wiki/Ricciarelli" title="Ricciarelli">ricciarelli</a> (biscuits made using an almond base with sugar, honey, and egg white), <a href="/wiki/Necci" class="mw-redirect" title="Necci">necci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galette" title="Galette">galettes</a> made with chestnut flour) and <a href="/wiki/Cavallucci" title="Cavallucci">cavallucci</a> (pastry made with almonds, candied fruits, coriander, flour, and honey). Well-known regional wines include <a href="/wiki/Brunello_di_Montalcino" title="Brunello di Montalcino">Brunello di Montalcino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmignano_DOCG" title="Carmignano DOCG">Carmignano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morellino_di_Scansano" title="Morellino di Scansano">Morellino di Scansano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parrina" title="Parrina">Parrina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sassicaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassicaia">Sassicaia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vernaccia_di_San_Gimignano" title="Vernaccia di San Gimignano">Vernaccia di San Gimignano</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umbria">Umbria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Umbria">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montefalco_z09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Montefalco_z09.jpg/220px-Montefalco_z09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Montefalco_z09.jpg/330px-Montefalco_z09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Montefalco_z09.jpg/440px-Montefalco_z09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A varietal <a href="/wiki/Sagrantino" title="Sagrantino">Sagrantino</a> indigenous to the region of Umbria</figcaption></figure> Many <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbrian</a> dishes are prepared by boiling or roasting with local olive oil and herbs. Vegetable dishes are popular in the spring and summer,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> while fall and winter sees meat from hunting and <a href="/wiki/Black_truffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Black truffle">black truffles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Norcia" title="Norcia">Norcia</a>. Meat dishes include the traditional wild boar sausages, <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasants</a>, geese, pigeons, frogs, and snails. <a href="/wiki/Castelluccio_(Norcia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelluccio (Norcia)">Castelluccio</a> is known for its lentils. <a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a> and Monteleone are known for spelt. Freshwater fish include <a href="/wiki/South_European_nase" title="South European nase">lasca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, freshwater <a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">perch</a>, grayling, eel, <a href="/wiki/Barbel_(fish)" title="Barbel (fish)">barbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_(fisheries_term)" title="Whitefish (fisheries term)">whitefish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tench" title="Tench">tench</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000255–256_and_260–261-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_DOC" title="Orvieto DOC">Orvieto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sagrantino_di_Montefalco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagrantino di Montefalco">Sagrantino di Montefalco</a> are important regional wines. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aosta_Valley">Aosta Valley</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Aosta Valley">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontina_DOP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fontina_DOP.jpg/220px-Fontina_DOP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fontina_DOP.jpg/330px-Fontina_DOP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fontina_DOP.jpg/440px-Fontina_DOP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fontina" title="Fontina">Fontina</a> cheese from Aosta Valley</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a>, bread-thickened soups are customary as well as cheese <a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">fondue</a>, chestnuts, potatoes, rice. Polenta is a staple along with rye bread, smoked <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motsetta" title="Motsetta">motsetta</a> (cured chamois meat), and game from the mountains and forests. Butter and cream are important in stewed, roasted, and braised dishes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000123–124,_128_and_133-177">[177]</a> Typical regional products include <a href="/wiki/Fontina" title="Fontina">Fontina</a> cheese, <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_d%27Aoste_Lard_d%27Arnad" title="Vallée d'Aoste Lard d'Arnad">Vallée d'Aoste Lard d'Arnad</a>, red wines and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9pi" title="Génépi">Génépi</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_(plant)" title="Artemisia (plant)">Artemisia</a>-based liqueur.<a href="#cite_note-tableagent.com-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veneto">Veneto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Veneto">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Venetian_cuisine" title="Venetian cuisine">Venetian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg/220px-Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg/330px-Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg/440px-Polenta_con_sopressa_e_funghi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Polenta served with <a href="/wiki/Sopressa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopressa">sopressa</a> and mushrooms, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Peasant_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant food">peasant food</a> of Veneto</figcaption></figure> Venice and many surrounding parts of Veneto are known for risotto, a dish whose ingredients can highly vary upon different areas. Fish and seafood are added in regions closer to the coast while pumpkin, asparagus, radicchio, and <a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">frog legs</a> appear farther away from the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. Made from finely ground maize meal, polenta is a traditional, rural food typical of Veneto and most of northern Italy. It may be included in stirred dishes and baked dishes. Polenta can be served with various cheese, stockfish or meat dishes. Some polenta dishes include <a href="/wiki/Boletus_edulis" title="Boletus edulis">porcini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapini" title="Rapini">rapini</a>, or other vegetables or meats, such as small <a href="/wiki/Songbird" title="Songbird">songbirds</a> in the case of the Venetian and <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombard</a> dish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polenta_e_osei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polenta e osei (page does not exist)">polenta e osei</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/polenta_e_osei" class="extiw" title="it:polenta e osei">it</a>], or sausages. In some areas of Veneto it can be also made of a particular variety of cornmeal, named biancoperla, so that the colour of polenta is white and not yellow (the so-called polenta bianca). Beans, peas, and other legumes are seen in these areas with <a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">pasta e fagioli</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'beans and pasta') and <a href="/wiki/Risi_e_bisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Risi e bisi">risi e bisi</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> '<a href="/wiki/Rice_and_peas" title="Rice and peas">rice and peas</a>'). Venice features heavy dishes using exotic spices and sauces. Ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Stockfish" title="Stockfish">stockfish</a> or simple marinated anchovies are found here as well. Less fish and more meat is eaten away from the coast. Other typical products are sausages such as <a href="/wiki/Sopressa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopressa">sopressa</a>, garlic salami, <a href="/wiki/Piave_cheese" title="Piave cheese">Piave cheese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asiago_cheese" title="Asiago cheese">Asiago cheese</a>. High quality vegetables are prized, such as red radicchio from <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_asparagus" class="mw-redirect" title="White asparagus">white asparagus</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bassano_del_Grappa" title="Bassano del Grappa">Bassano del Grappa</a>. Perhaps the most popular dish of Venice is <a href="/wiki/Fegato_alla_veneziana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fegato alla veneziana">fegato alla veneziana</a>, thinly-sliced veal liver sautéed with onions. <a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Squid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a> are common ingredients, as is <a href="/wiki/Squid_ink" class="mw-redirect" title="Squid ink">squid ink</a>, called nero di seppia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200033-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Regional desserts include <a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">tiramisu</a> (made of biscuits dipped in coffee, layered with a whipped mixture of egg yolks and <a href="/wiki/Mascarpone" title="Mascarpone">mascarpone</a>, and flavoured with liquor and cocoa<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Baicoli" title="Baicoli">baicoli</a> (biscuits made with butter and vanilla), and <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougat</a>. The most celebrated Venetian wines include <a href="/wiki/Bardolino" title="Bardolino">Bardolino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soave_(wine)" title="Soave (wine)">Soave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amarone" title="Amarone">Amarone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valpolicella" title="Valpolicella">Valpolicella</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a> wines. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meal_structure">Meal structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Meal structure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Italian meal structure</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediaslunas,_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mediaslunas%2C_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG/220px-Mediaslunas%2C_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mediaslunas%2C_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG/330px-Mediaslunas%2C_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mediaslunas%2C_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG/440px-Mediaslunas%2C_caf%C3%A9_en_jarrito_y_agua_mineral_en_Caf%C3%A9_El_Gato_Negro.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A typical Italian breakfast (Italian: colazione), consisting of <a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">cappuccino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornetto_(pastry)" title="Cornetto (pastry)">cornetto</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg/220px-Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg/330px-Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg/440px-Aperitivo_al_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="4795" /></a><figcaption>A classic Italian <a href="/wiki/Aperitivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperitivo">aperitivo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antipasto_Toscano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Antipasto_Toscano.jpg/220px-Antipasto_Toscano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Antipasto_Toscano.jpg/330px-Antipasto_Toscano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Antipasto_Toscano.jpg/440px-Antipasto_Toscano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>An Italian-style <a href="/wiki/Antipasto" title="Antipasto">antipasto</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Italian meal structure</a> is typical of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">European Mediterranean</a> region and differs from North, Central, and Eastern European meal structure, although it still often consists of breakfast (Italian: colazione), lunch (Italian: pranzo), and supper (Italian: cena).<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> However, much less emphasis is placed on breakfast, and breakfast itself is often skipped or involves lighter meal portions than are seen in non-Mediterranean Western countries.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Late-morning and mid-afternoon snacks, called <a href="/wiki/Merenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Merenda">merenda</a>, are also often included in this meal structure.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Traditional meals in Italy typically contained four or five courses.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> Especially on weekends, meals are often seen as a time to spend with family and friends rather than simply for sustenance; thus, meals tend to be longer than in other cultures. During holidays such as <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>, feasts can last for hours.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Today, full-course meals are mainly reserved for special events such as weddings, while everyday meals include only a first or second course (sometimes both), a <a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">side dish</a>, and coffee.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The primo (first course) is usually a filling dish, such as risotto or pasta, with sauces made from meat, vegetables or seafood.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Whole pieces of meat such as sausages, meatballs, and poultry are eaten in the secondo (second course).<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Italian cuisine has some single-course meals (Italian: piatto unico) combining starches and proteins.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Meal stage </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aperitivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperitivo">Aperitivo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aperitif" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperitif">Aperitif</a> usually enjoyed as an <a href="/wiki/Appetiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Appetiser">appetiser</a> before a large meal; they may be <a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martini_(vermouth)" title="Martini (vermouth)">Martini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinzano" title="Cinzano">Cinzano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aperol" title="Aperol">Aperol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spritz_(cocktail)" title="Spritz (cocktail)">Spritz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negroni" title="Negroni">Negroni</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antipasto" title="Antipasto">Antipasto</a> </td> <td><abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'before (the) meal', hot or cold, usually consists of cheese, prosciutto, sliced sausage, marinated vegetables or fish, bruschetta, and bread appetisers.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Primo </td> <td>"First course", usually consists of a hot dish such as pasta (most frequently), risotto, gnocchi or soup with a sauce, vegetarian, meat or fish <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">sugo</a> or ragù as a sauce.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> The primo is the most frequent course, with the others often seen as somewhat optional. This course is the main source of carbohydrates of the meal. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Secondo </td> <td>"Second course", the main dish, usually fish or meat with potatoes. Traditionally, veal, pork, and chicken are most commonly used, at least in the north, although beef has become more popular since World War II, and wild game is also found, particularly in Tuscany. Fish is also very popular, especially in the south.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Contorno </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">Side dish</a>". It may be a salad or cooked vegetables. A traditional menu features salad along with the main course.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Formaggio e frutta </td> <td>"Cheese and fruits", the first dessert. Local cheeses may be part of the antipasto or contorno as well.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> Cheese is often eaten the last before fruit, after secondo or contorno. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dolce </td> <td>"Sweet", such as cakes (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">tiramisu</a>), biscuits or ice cream.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caffè </td> <td><abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'coffee'.<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digestivo </td> <td>"Digestives", liquors, and liqueurs (<a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">grappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaro_(liqueur)" title="Amaro (liqueur)">amaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">limoncello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">sambuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">nocino</a>, etc., sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Ammazzacaff%C3%A8" title="Ammazzacaffè">ammazzacaffè</a>, 'coffee-killer',<a href="#cite_note-toscanaslc-184">[184]</a> since they would "kill" or "remove" the taste of coffee). </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_establishments">Food establishments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Food establishments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg/220px-Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg/330px-Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg/440px-Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1998" /></a><figcaption>Waiter pouring <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg/220px-Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg/330px-Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg/440px-Arancine_in_Favignana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG/220px-Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG/330px-Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG/440px-Salumi_e_vino_lucchese.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wine</a> and salumi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_(8736299782).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_%288736299782%29.jpg/220px-Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_%288736299782%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_%288736299782%29.jpg/330px-Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_%288736299782%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_%288736299782%29.jpg/440px-Meaty_Lasagna_8of8_%288736299782%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>Baked <a href="/wiki/Lasagna" title="Lasagna">lasagna</a> with ragù</figcaption></figure> Each type of establishment has a defined role and traditionally sticks to it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000198–200-191">[191]</a> Italy is home to 395 <a href="/wiki/Michelin_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin star">Michelin star</a>-rated restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Establishment </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agriturismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriturismo">Agriturismo</a> </td> <td>Working farms that offer accommodations and meals. Sometimes meals are served to guests only. According to Italian law, they can only serve locally-made products (except drinks). Marked by a green and gold sign with a knife and fork.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">Bar</a>/caffè </td> <td>Locations which serve coffee, <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soft drinks</a>, juice, and alcohol. Hours are generally from 6 am to 10 pm. Foods may include <a href="/wiki/Cornetto_(pastry)" title="Cornetto (pastry)">cornetti</a> and other sweet breads (often called brioche in northern Italy), <a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">panini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramezzino" title="Tramezzino">tramezzini</a> (sandwiches), and spuntini (snacks such as olives and <a href="/wiki/Potato_crisps" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato crisps">potato crisps</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caffetteria </td> <td>Locations where coffee and similar drinks are consumed, and desserts can also be eaten.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Birreria </td> <td>A bar that offers beer; found in central and northern regions of Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bruschetteria </td> <td>Specialises in <a href="/wiki/Bruschetta" title="Bruschetta">bruschetta</a>, although other dishes may also be offered. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Enoteca" title="Enoteca">Enoteca</a> </td> <td>Place where wines are sold or offered for tasting, displayed to the public on the basis of criteria that facilitate their choice.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fiaschetteria </td> <td>Locations which serve wine in <a href="/wiki/Fiasco_(bottle)" title="Fiasco (bottle)">fiaschi</a> and bottles, although other dishes may also be offered.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Formaggeria </td> <td>A shop serving cheese.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frasca </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian</a> wine producers that open for the evening and may offer food along with their wines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_parlor" title="Ice cream parlor">Gelateria</a> </td> <td>A shop where the customer can get <a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">gelato</a> to go, or sit down and eat it in a cup or a cone. Bigger ice desserts, coffee or liquors may also be ordered. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Locanda </td> <td>Locations where it is possible to consume food and where one can be accommodated.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osteria" title="Osteria">Osteria</a> </td> <td>Focused on simple food of the region, often having no written menu. Many are open only at night, but some are open for lunch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000201-200">[200]</a> The name has become fashionable for upscale restaurants with a rustic regional style. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">Panificio</a> or panetteria </td> <td>A shop serving flour-based food baked in an oven such as bread, biscuits, cakes, pastries, and pies.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Paninoteca</a> or panineria </td> <td>Sandwich shop open during the day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000201-200">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pasticceria </td> <td>A shop serving a variety of pastries, confectioneries, biscuits, and cakes.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pastificio </td> <td>A shop serving artisanal pasta.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Piadineria </td> <td>Specialises in <a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">piadina</a>, although other dishes may also be offered.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pizzeria" title="Pizzeria">Pizzeria</a> </td> <td>Specialises in pizza, often with wood-fired ovens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polenteria </td> <td>Serving <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a>; uncommon, and found only in northern regions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ristorante </td> <td>Often offers upscale cuisine and printed menus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rosticceria </td> <td>Fast food restaurant, offering local dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Cotoletta_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotoletta alla milanese">cotoletta alla milanese</a>, roasted meat (usually pork or chicken), <a href="/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC" title="Supplì">supplì</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">arancini</a> even as take-away. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sagra_(festival)" title="Sagra (festival)">Sagra</a> </td> <td>Popular festival, which takes place in a town or in a district to celebrate an event, or an agro-food product, where it is possible to consume food.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salumeria" title="Salumeria">Salumeria</a> </td> <td>A shop serving salumi and cheeses.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spaghetteria </td> <td>Originating in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, offering pasta dishes and other main courses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000204-208">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tavola calda </td> <td><abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'hot table', offers pre-made regional dishes. Most open at 11 am and close late.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000205-209">[209]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">Trattoria</a> </td> <td>A dining establishment, often family-run, with inexpensive prices and an informal atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000205-209">[209]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Food establishments</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The garden at an osteria in Castello Roganzuolo, Veneto, Italy"><img alt="The garden at an osteria in Castello Roganzuolo, Veneto, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg/200px-Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg/300px-Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg/400px-Castello_Roganzuolo_-_Vecchia_osteria_di_via_Gardin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The garden at an <a href="/wiki/Osteria" title="Osteria">osteria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Castello_Roganzuolo" title="Castello Roganzuolo">Castello Roganzuolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pizzeria in Naples, Italy, c. 1910"><img alt="A pizzeria in Naples, Italy, c. 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg/200px-Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg/300px-Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg/400px-Old_Pizzeria_-_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pizzeria in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1910</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Borgat_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of a trattoria in Tolmezzo, Friuli, Italy"><img alt="Interior of a trattoria in Tolmezzo, Friuli, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Al_Borgat_1.jpg/200px-Al_Borgat_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Al_Borgat_1.jpg/300px-Al_Borgat_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Al_Borgat_1.jpg/400px-Al_Borgat_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of a <a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">trattoria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tolmezzo" title="Tolmezzo">Tolmezzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_(Montepulciano)_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An agriturismo in Montepulciano, Tuscany, Italy"><img alt="An agriturismo in Montepulciano, Tuscany, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_%28Montepulciano%29_06.jpg/200px-Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_%28Montepulciano%29_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_%28Montepulciano%29_06.jpg/300px-Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_%28Montepulciano%29_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_%28Montepulciano%29_06.jpg/400px-Agriturismo_Casa_di_Bacco_%28Montepulciano%29_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Agriturismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriturismo">agriturismo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano" title="Montepulciano">Montepulciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, Italy</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drinks">Drinks </h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Drinks">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coffee">Coffee</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Coffee">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coffee_in_Italy" title="Coffee in Italy">Coffee in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linea_doubleespresso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Linea_doubleespresso.jpg/220px-Linea_doubleespresso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Linea_doubleespresso.jpg/330px-Linea_doubleespresso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Linea_doubleespresso.jpg/440px-Linea_doubleespresso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> is a coffee brewed by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground <a href="/wiki/Coffee_bean" title="Coffee bean">coffee beans</a>. The term espresso comes from the Italian esprimere, which means 'to express', and refers to the process by which hot water is forced under pressure through ground coffee.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></figcaption></figure> Italian style coffee (Italian: caffè), also known as espresso, is made from a blend of coffee beans. Espresso beans are roasted medium to medium dark in the north, and darker as one moves south. A common misconception is that espresso has more caffeine than other coffee; in fact, the opposite is true. The longer roasting period extracts more caffeine. The modern <a href="/wiki/Espresso_machine" title="Espresso machine">espresso machine</a>, invented in 1937 by Achille Gaggia, uses a pump and pressure system with water heated to 90 to 95 °C (194 to 203 °F) and forced at high pressure through a few grams of finely ground coffee in 25–30 seconds, resulting in about 25 millilitres (0.85 <a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">fl oz</a>, two tablespoons) of liquid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000300-211">[211]</a> Home coffee makers are simpler but work under the same principle. <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_flip_coffee_pot" title="Neapolitan flip coffee pot">La napoletana</a> is a four-part stove-top unit with grounds loosely placed inside a filter; the kettle portion is filled with water and once boiling, the unit is inverted to drip through the grounds. The <a href="/wiki/Moka_pot" title="Moka pot">moka per il caffè</a> is a three-part stove-top unit that is placed on the stovetop with loosely packed grounds in a strainer; the water rises from steam pressure and is forced through the grounds into the top portion. In both cases, the water passes through the grounds just once.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000301-212">[212]</a> Espresso is usually served in a <a href="/wiki/Demitasse" title="Demitasse">demitasse</a> cup. <a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato" title="Caffè macchiato">Caffè macchiato</a> is topped with a bit of steamed milk or foam; <a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">ristretto</a> is made with less water, and is stronger; <a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">cappuccino</a> is mixed or topped with steamed, mostly frothy, milk. It is generally considered a morning beverage, and usually is not taken after a meal; <a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_latte" class="mw-redirect" title="Caffè latte">caffè latte</a> is equal parts espresso and steamed milk, similar to <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_au_lait" title="Café au lait">café au lait</a>, and is typically served in a large cup. <a href="/wiki/Latte_macchiato" title="Latte macchiato">Latte macchiato</a> (spotted milk) is a glass of warm milk with a bit of coffee and <a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_corretto" title="Caffè corretto">caffè corretto</a> is "corrected" with a few drops of an alcoholic beverage such as <a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">grappa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">bicerin</a> is also an Italian coffee from Turin. It is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">cappuccino</a> and traditional hot chocolate, as it consists of a mix of coffee and drinking chocolate, and with a small addition of milk. It is quite thick and often whipped cream/foam with chocolate powder and sugar is added on top. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoholic_beverages">Alcoholic beverages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Alcoholic beverages">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wine">Wine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Wine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg/220px-Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg/330px-Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg/440px-Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Tuscan <a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a> in a traditional <a href="/wiki/Fiasco_(bottle)" title="Fiasco (bottle)">fiasco</a></figcaption></figure> Italy is the world's <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">largest producer of wine</a>, as well as the country with the widest variety of indigenous grapevine varieties in the world.<a href="#cite_note-inumeridelvino-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-giornalevinocibo-28">[28]</a> In 1996 only about a quarter of this wine was put into bottles for individual sale. Two-thirds was bulk wine used for blending in France and Germany. The wine distilled into spirits in Italy exceeded the production of wine in the entirety of the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996301-213">[213]</a> There are twenty separate wine regions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996311-214">[214]</a> The Italian wine industry is among the most varied in the world due to hundreds of indigenous grape varieties grown throughout Italy. Some of the most iconic red wines include <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a>, Brunello di Montalcino, and Amarone.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The Italian government passed the <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">denominazione di origine controllata</a> (DOC) law in 1963 to regulate place of origin, quality, production method, and type of grape. The designation <a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">indicazione geografica tipica</a> (IGT) is a less restrictive designation to help a wine maker graduate to the DOC level. In 1980, the government created the <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata_e_garantita" class="mw-redirect" title="Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita">denominazione di origine controllata e garantita</a> (DOCG), reserved for only the best wines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996307–308-216">[216]</a> In Italy wine is commonly consumed (alongside water) in meals, which are rarely served without it, although it is extremely uncommon for meals to be served with any other drink, alcoholic, or otherwise. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beer">Beer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Beer">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Beer in Italy</a></div> Italy is considered to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Wine_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine belt">wine belt</a> of Europe. Nevertheless, beer, particularly mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">pale lagers</a>, are common in the country. It is traditionally considered to be an ideal accompaniment to pizza; since the 1970s, beer has spread from pizzerias and has become much more popular for drinking in other situations.<a href="#cite_note-p52mj-217">[217]</a> Among many popular brands, the most notable Italian breweries are <a href="/wiki/Peroni_Brewery" title="Peroni Brewery">Peroni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birra_Moretti" title="Birra Moretti">Moretti</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castel_di_chiesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Castel_di_chiesa.jpg/220px-Castel_di_chiesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Castel_di_chiesa.jpg/330px-Castel_di_chiesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Castel_di_chiesa.jpg/440px-Castel_di_chiesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>Bottles of <a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">limoncello</a></figcaption></figure> There are also several other popular alcoholic drinks in Italy. <a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a>, a traditional lemon liqueur from Campania (<a href="/wiki/Sorrento" title="Sorrento">Sorrento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a>, and the Gulf of Naples) is the second most popular liqueur in Italy after <a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-218">[218]</a> Made from lemon, it is usually consumed in very small proportions, served chilled in small glasses or cups.<a href="#cite_note-:1-218">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amaro_Averna" title="Amaro Averna">Amaro siciliano</a> are common Sicilian digestifs, made with herbs, which are usually drunk after heavy meals. <a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto</a>, an herbal distillate made from the berries (red mirto) and leaves (white mirto) of the myrtle bush, is popular in <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> and other regions. Another well-known digestif is <a href="/wiki/Amaro_Lucano" title="Amaro Lucano">Amaro Lucano</a> from <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000383-219">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a> is the typical alcoholic drink of northern Italy, generally associated with the culture of the Alps and of the Po Valley. The most famous grappas are distilled in <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>, Veneto, Piedmont, and Trentino. The three most notable and recognisable Italian aperitifs are <a href="/wiki/Martini_%26_Rossi" title="Martini & Rossi">Martini</a>, Vermouth, and <a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a>. A sparkling drink which is becoming internationally popular as a less expensive substitute for French <a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">champagne</a> is Prosecco, from the Veneto region.<a href="#cite_note-Atkin-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dane-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desserts">Desserts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Desserts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian desserts">List of Italian desserts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine#Desserts_and_sweets" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian cuisine—Desserts and sweets</a></div> From the Italian perspective, biscuits and candy belong to the same category of sweets.<a href="#cite_note-:0-222">[222]</a> Traditional candies include <a href="/wiki/Candied_fruit" title="Candied fruit">candied fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrone">torrone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nut_brittle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut brittle">nut brittles</a>, all of which are still popular in the modern era. In medieval times, northern Italy became so famous for the quality of its stiff fruit pastes (similar to <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a> or <a href="/wiki/Conserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Conserves">conserves</a>, except stiff enough to mold into shapes) that "Paste of Genoa" became a generic name for high-quality fruit conserves.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Italy is famous for artisanal <a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">gelato</a> (the Italian ice cream) and has become widespread with the ice cream cone, covering 55% of the Italian market.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Silver-coated almond <a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">dragées</a>, which are called <a href="/wiki/Confetti#Etymology_and_Italian_confetti" title="Confetti">confetti</a> in Italian, are thrown at weddings (white coating) and baptisms (blue or pink coating, according to the sex of the newborn baby), or graduations (red coating), often wrapped in a small <a href="/wiki/Tulle_(netting)" title="Tulle (netting)">tulle</a> bag as a gift to the guests.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> The idea of including a romantic note with candy may have begun with Italian dragées, no later than the early 19th century, and is carried on with the multilingual love notes included in boxes of Italy's most famous chocolate, Baci by <a href="/wiki/Perugina" title="Perugina">Perugina</a> in Milan.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The most significant chocolate style is a combination of hazelnuts and milk chocolate, which is featured in <a href="/wiki/Gianduja_(chocolate)" title="Gianduja (chocolate)">gianduja</a> pastes such as <a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a>, which is made by <a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero SpA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba, Piedmont</a>, as well as Perugnia's Baci and many other chocolate confections.<a href="#cite_note-:0-222">[222]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Panettone_vero.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panettone is a traditional Christmas cake."><img alt="Panettone is a traditional Christmas cake." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Panettone_vero.jpg/200px-Panettone_vero.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Panettone_vero.jpg/300px-Panettone_vero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Panettone_vero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="262" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a> is a traditional Christmas cake.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Championship_Gelato.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gelato is Italian ice cream."><img alt="Gelato is Italian ice cream." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Championship_Gelato.jpg/150px-Championship_Gelato.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Championship_Gelato.jpg/225px-Championship_Gelato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Championship_Gelato.jpg/300px-Championship_Gelato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">Gelato</a> is Italian ice cream.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panna cotta with garnish"><img alt="Panna cotta with garnish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg/200px-Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg/300px-Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg/400px-Croatia_Panna_Cotta_2012_roberta_f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="599" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panna_cotta" title="Panna cotta">Panna cotta</a> with garnish</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tiramisu with cocoa powder garnish"><img alt="Tiramisu with cocoa powder garnish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg/200px-Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg/300px-Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg/400px-Tiramisu_-_Raffaele_Diomede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2160" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">Tiramisu</a> with cocoa powder garnish</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannoli_siciliani_(7472226896).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cannoli with pistachio, candied fruit, and chocolate chips"><img alt="Cannoli with pistachio, candied fruit, and chocolate chips" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cannoli_siciliani_%287472226896%29.jpg/162px-Cannoli_siciliani_%287472226896%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cannoli_siciliani_%287472226896%29.jpg/244px-Cannoli_siciliani_%287472226896%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cannoli_siciliani_%287472226896%29.jpg/325px-Cannoli_siciliani_%287472226896%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1182" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a> with pistachio, candied fruit, and chocolate chips</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_nostre_torte_(8937128050).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Torta mimosa"><img alt="Torta mimosa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Le_nostre_torte_%288937128050%29.jpg/200px-Le_nostre_torte_%288937128050%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Le_nostre_torte_%288937128050%29.jpg/300px-Le_nostre_torte_%288937128050%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Le_nostre_torte_%288937128050%29.jpg/400px-Le_nostre_torte_%288937128050%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Torta_mimosa" title="Torta mimosa">Torta mimosa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassata_siciliana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cassata marzipan cake"><img alt="Cassata marzipan cake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cassata_siciliana.jpg/190px-Cassata_siciliana.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Cassata_siciliana.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="197" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">Cassata</a> marzipan cake</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sfogliatelle with custard filling"><img alt="Sfogliatelle with custard filling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg/150px-Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg/225px-Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg/300px-Sfogliatelle_at_breakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">Sfogliatelle</a> with custard filling</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zuccotto"><img alt="Zuccotto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg/200px-Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg/300px-Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg/400px-Profile_of_cut_white_cholocate_zuccotto_and_pistacchio_daquoise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zuccotto" title="Zuccotto">Zuccotto</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crostata"><img alt="Crostata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg/200px-Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg/300px-Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg/400px-Crostata_limone_e_zenzero_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Crostata" title="Crostata">Crostata</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holiday_cuisine">Holiday cuisine</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Holiday cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg/220px-Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg/330px-Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg/440px-Zeppole_stacked_on_a_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">Zeppole</a></figcaption></figure> Every region has its own holiday recipes. During <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Festa di San Giuseppe</a> ('Saint Joseph's Day') on 19 March, Sicilians give thanks to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> for preventing a famine during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fava_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Fava bean">fava bean</a> saved the population from starvation, and is a traditional part of St. Joseph's Day altars and traditions.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Other customs celebrating this festival include wearing red clothing and eating zeppole.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-230">[230]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> Sunday, lamb (called <a href="/wiki/Abbacchio" title="Abbacchio">abbacchio</a> in central Italy) is served throughout Italy.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The common cake for Easter Day is the <a href="/wiki/Colomba_pasquale" title="Colomba pasquale">colomba pasquale</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Easter dove'), which is often simply known as "Italian Easter Cake" abroad.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> It represents a dove,<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> and is topped with almonds and <a href="/wiki/Pearl_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl sugar">pearl sugar</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> a symbolic fast is observed with the cena di magro, a meatless meal, following traditional <a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Catholic fasting practice</a>. It is an elaborate and rich family dinner, based on fish and seafood.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Typical cakes of the Christmas season are <a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">panettone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">pandoro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International">International</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: International">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_Italian_colonies">Former Italian colonies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Former Italian colonies">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debonairs_Pizza,_The_Zone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Debonairs_Pizza%2C_The_Zone.jpg/220px-Debonairs_Pizza%2C_The_Zone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Debonairs_Pizza%2C_The_Zone.jpg/330px-Debonairs_Pizza%2C_The_Zone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Debonairs_Pizza%2C_The_Zone.jpg/440px-Debonairs_Pizza%2C_The_Zone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Pizzeria" title="Pizzeria">pizzeria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank, Gauteng</a>, South Africa</figcaption></figure> Due to several Italian colonies established in Africa, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> (except the <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">northern part</a>, which was under British rule), there is a considerable Italian influence on the cuisines of these nations.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: South Africa">edit</a>]</div> All major cities and towns in South Africa have substantial populations of <a href="/wiki/Italian_South_Africans" title="Italian South Africans">Italian South Africans</a>. Italian foods, such as ham and cheeses, are imported and some also made locally, and every city has a popular Italian restaurant or two, as well as pizzerias.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> The production of good quality olive oil is on the rise in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, especially in the drier south-western parts where there is a more Mediterranean-type of rainfall pattern.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Some oils have even won top international awards.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Croatia">Croatia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian cuisine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiume" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiume">Fiume</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> was influenced by Italian cuisine, given the historical presence of local ethnic Italians (<a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Dalmatian Italians</a>), influence that has eased after the <a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-istriana-241">[241]</a> For example, the influence of Italian cuisine on Croatian dishes can be seen in the pršut (similar to Italian prosciutto) and on the preparation of homemade pasta.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Traditional dishes of Italian origin also include gnocchi (njoki), risotto (rižot), focaccia (pogača), polenta (palenta), and <a href="/wiki/Brudet" title="Brudet">brudet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulenda-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pulenda-1.jpg/220px-Pulenda-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pulenda-1.jpg/330px-Pulenda-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pulenda-1.jpg/440px-Pulenda-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption>A traditional Corsican meal with (from left to right): brocciu, pulenda and figatellu</figcaption></figure> In France the <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">cuisine of Corsica</a> has much in common with the Italian cuisine, since the island was, from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a> until 1768, a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisan</a> possession followed by a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> possession.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The cuisine of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> was also influenced by Italian cuisine due to its proximity to Italy and the fact that the County of Nice belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Piedmont-Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia">Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia</a> until 1860, when it was annexed by France.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malta">Malta</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Malta">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese cuisine</a>, given the proximity of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> to Italy, shows strong Italian influences as well as influences from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal cuisine">Provençal</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisines</a>, with some later British culinary influence.<a href="#cite_note-tur-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monaco">Monaco</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Monaco">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque cuisine</a> has undergone significant influences from Italian cuisine (especially <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian cuisine">Ligurian cuisine</a>), given Monaco's proximity to Italian and French cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="San_Marino">San Marino</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: San Marino">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bustrengo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bustrengo.jpg/220px-Bustrengo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bustrengo.jpg/330px-Bustrengo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bustrengo.jpg/440px-Bustrengo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bustrengo" title="Bustrengo">Bustrengo</a>, a traditional Christmas dish in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of San Marino">Republic of San Marino</a><a href="#cite_note-Roufs_Roufs_2014-248">[248]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese cuisine</a> is strongly similar to Italian cuisine, especially that of the adjoining <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> regions.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Cavendish_2010-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jakarta_Post_2017-250">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>'s primary agricultural products are cheese, wine and livestock, and cheesemaking is a primary economic activity in San Marino.<a href="#cite_note-IBP_2013-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cuhaj_Michael_2011-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Slovenia">edit</a>]</div> Given the proximity of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> to Italy, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian cuisine</a> was influenced by Italian cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Slovenian dishes of Italian origin are njoki (similar to Italian gnocchi), rizota (the Slovenian version of risotto) and zilkrofi (similar to Italian ravioli).<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Italian cuisine has particularly influenced the cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Istria" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Istria">Slovenian Istria</a>, given the historical presence of local ethnic Italians (<a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a>), influence that has eased after the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus.<a href="#cite_note-istriana-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polenta_e_bruscitti_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg/220px-Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg/330px-Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg/440px-Polenta_e_bruscitti_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a> served with polenta porridge</figcaption></figure> The cuisine of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Ticino">Canton of Ticino</a> is greatly influenced by Italian cuisine and above all by <a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard cuisine</a> due to the centuries-old domination of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a> and the economic and linguistic ties with <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The Italian-speaking part of Switzerland essentially coincides with Ticino, but also with the southern valleys of <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>. Popular dishes are polenta and risotto, often accompanied by luganighe and luganighetta, a type of Italian artisan sausages, or other regional cured meats, such as salami, <a href="/wiki/Capocollo" title="Capocollo">coppa</a>, and prosciutto. Risotto, in particular, is another common dish from Ticino.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> It is made with either mushrooms, saffron or cheese. <a href="/wiki/Pizzoccheri" title="Pizzoccheri">Pizzoccheri</a> is originated in <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a>, a valley in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. They are also popular in <a href="/wiki/Val_Poschiavo" title="Val Poschiavo">Val Poschiavo</a>, a side valley of Valtellina which belongs to the Swiss canton of <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a> are an Italian single-course meal of the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard cuisine</a> (Italy), of the <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese cuisine</a> (Italy), and of the cuisine of lower <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a><a href="#cite_note-rsi-258">[258]</a> (Switzerland), based on finely chopped beef cooked for a long time.<a href="#cite_note-Busto_Arsizio-259">[259]</a> This dish is completed with the addition of polenta,<a href="#cite_note-giallozafferano-260">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Risotto_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Risotto alla milanese">risotto alla milanese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9e" title="Purée">purée</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rsi-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_and_Central_America">North and Central America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: North and Central America">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg/220px-Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg/330px-Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg/440px-Milanesa_napolitana_con_papas_fritas_rodajas_de_tomate_y_or%C3%A9gano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Milanesa" title="Milanesa">Milanesa</a> a la napolitana with <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a>, an Italian-inspired dish based on the original <a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">cotoletta</a> dish from <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, common in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a></div> Much of <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a> is based on Italian cuisine, <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Americanized</a> to reflect ingredients and conditions found in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> often identify foods with their regional heritage. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> staples include dry pasta, tomato sauce, and olive oil, whereas northern Italian staples include foods such as risotto, <a href="/wiki/White_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="White sauce">white sauce</a>, and polenta.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Pizza arrived in the United States in the early 20th century along with waves of Italian immigrants who settled primarily in the large cities of the Northeast. It got a boost both in <a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States" title="Pizza in the United States">popularity and regional spread</a> after soldiers stationed in Italy returned from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the country the torta de milanesa is a common item offered at food carts and stalls.<a href="#cite_note-lightups-264">[264]</a> It is a sandwich made from locally baked bread and contains a <a href="/wiki/Breaded_cutlet" title="Breaded cutlet">breaded, pan-fried cutlet</a> of pork or beef.<a href="#cite_note-lightups-264">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: South America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argentina">Argentina</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Argentina">edit</a>]</div> Due to large <a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Italian immigration to Argentina</a>, Italian food and drink is heavily featured in <a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine cuisine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> An example could be <a href="/wiki/Milanesa" title="Milanesa">milanesas</a> (The name comes from the original <a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">cotoletta</a> alla milanese from Milan, Italy).<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> There are several other Italian-Argentine dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/Sorrentinos" title="Sorrentinos">sorrentinos</a> and Argentine gnocchi.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TortaFrita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TortaFrita.jpg/220px-TortaFrita.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TortaFrita.jpg/330px-TortaFrita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TortaFrita.jpg/440px-TortaFrita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Uruguayan torta frita, which derives from Italian <a href="/wiki/Gnocco_fritto" title="Gnocco fritto">gnocco fritto</a></figcaption></figure> Italian cuisine is popular in Brazil, due to <a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">great immigration there</a> in the late 1800s and early 1900s.<a href="#cite_note-askanews-268">[268]</a> Due to the huge Italian community, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> is the place where this cuisine is most appreciated.<a href="#cite_note-askanews-268">[268]</a> The city has also developed its particular variety of pizza, different from both <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">American</a> varieties, and it is largely popular on weekend dinners.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Uruguay">edit</a>]</div> The conspicuous <a href="/wiki/Italian_Uruguayans" title="Italian Uruguayans">Italian immigration in Uruguay</a> has strongly influenced <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan cuisine</a>, with a vast number of dishes deriving from Italian cuisine, with dishes from all Italian regions.<a href="#cite_note-genteditalia-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-dizionario-271">[271]</a> In addition to the extensive use of pasta, including tallarines (Italian tagliatelle), raviolesi (Italian ravioli), capeletis (Italian <a href="/wiki/Cappelletti_(pasta)" title="Cappelletti (pasta)">cappelletti</a>), and tortelines (Italian tortellini), they are part of the Uruguayan cuisine baña cauda (Italian <a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">bagna càuda</a>), boloñesa (Italian ragù), cazuela de mondongo (Italian <a href="/wiki/Trippa_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Trippa alla milanese">trippa alla milanese</a>), pesto, and torta frita (Italian <a href="/wiki/Gnocco_fritto" title="Gnocco fritto">gnocco fritto</a>).<a href="#cite_note-genteditalia-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-dizionario-271">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Venezuela">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan cuisine</a> is influenced by its European (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French), West African, and indigenous traditions.<a href="#cite_note-LP-272">[272]</a> Examples of Venezuelan dishes influenced by Italian cuisine, thanks to <a href="/wiki/Italian_Venezuelans" title="Italian Venezuelans">Italian immigration in this country</a>, is pasticho (from the Italian pasticcio), which is the Venezuelan version of lasagna, and Pan Chabata bread, corresponding to the Italian <a href="/wiki/Ciabatta" title="Ciabatta">ciabatta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Gnocchi_del_29"">"Gnocchi del 29"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: "Gnocchi del 29"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_(13146686563).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_%2813146686563%29.jpg/220px-La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_%2813146686563%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_%2813146686563%29.jpg/330px-La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_%2813146686563%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_%2813146686563%29.jpg/440px-La_ciudad_se_prepara_para_el_festejo_%2813146686563%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Billboard in front of a grocery store announcing "Gnocchi del 29" in the <a href="/wiki/Soriano_Department" title="Soriano Department">Soriano Department</a>, Uruguay</figcaption></figure> The "gnocchi of 29" is a widespread custom in some <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> countries of eating a plate of gnocchi on the 29th of each month. The custom is widespread especially in the states of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> such as Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay;<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> these countries being recipients of a considerable Italian immigration between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. There is a ritual that accompanies lunch with gnocchi, namely putting money under the plate which symbolizes the desire for new gifts. It is also customary to leave a banknote or coin under the plate to attract luck and prosperity to the dinner.<a href="#cite_note-alimentacionsana-277">[277]</a> The tradition of serving gnocchi on the 29th of each month stems from a legend based on the story of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pantaleon" title="Saint Pantaleon">Saint Pantaleon</a>, a young doctor from <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a> who, after converting to Christianity, made a pilgrimage through northern Italy. There Pantaleon practiced miraculous cures for which he was canonized. According to legend, on one occasion when he asked Venetian peasants for bread, they invited him to share their poor table.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> In gratitude, Pantaleon announced a year of excellent fishing and excellent harvests. That episode occurred on 29 July, and for this reason that day is remembered with a simple meal represented by gnocchi.<a href="#cite_note-alimentacionsana-277">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> The conspicuous <a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Italian immigration in Australia</a> has strongly influenced <a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian cuisine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicken_parmigiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken parmigiana">Chicken parmigiana</a>, based on a combination of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Parmigiana_di_melanzane" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmigiana di melanzane">parmigiana di melanzane</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">cotoletta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Chowhound-280">[280]</a> was known in Australia by the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> In 1952, the first espresso machines began to appear in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> (probably the first in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) and a plethora of fine Italian coffee houses were emerging in other Australian cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Italian_New_Zealanders" title="Italian New Zealanders">Italian community in New Zealand</a>, although much smaller than in Australia, still proved influential to the local food culture by combining imported Italian ingredients and techniques with local produce.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/15px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/22px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/30px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-relax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/28px-Emblem-relax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/42px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/56px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coffee" title="Portal:Coffee">Coffee portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Il_cucchiaio_d%27argento" title="Il cucchiaio d'argento">Il cucchiaio d'argento</a> – an Italian cookbook</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_talismano_della_felicit%C3%A0" title="Il talismano della felicità">Il talismano della felicità</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ada_Boni" title="Ada Boni">Ada Boni</a> – an Italian cookbook</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Italian meal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List of Italian foods and drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_soups" title="List of Italian soups">List of Italian soups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_cheeses" title="List of Italian cheeses">List of Italian cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_PDO_cheeses" title="List of Italian PDO cheeses">List of Italian DOP cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_restaurants" title="List of Italian restaurants">List of Italian restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese cuisine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DavidRisotto-1"><a href="#cite_ref-DavidRisotto_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavid1988">David 1988, Introduction, pp. 101–103</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508201127/http://www.lifeinitaly.com/food/food-articles">"Italian Food"</a>. Life in Italy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeinitaly.com/food/food-articles">the original</a> on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+in+Italy&rft.atitle=Italian+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeinitaly.com%2Ffood%2Ffood-articles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifeinitaly.com/history-of-food/the-history-of-italian-cuisine-i">"The History of Italian Cuisine I"</a>. Life in Italy. 30 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205153130/https://www.lifeinitaly.com/history-of-food/the-history-of-italian-cuisine-i">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+in+Italy&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Italian+Cuisine+I&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeinitaly.com%2Fhistory-of-food%2Fthe-history-of-italian-cuisine-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThoms" class="citation web cs1">Thoms, Ulrike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/economic-migration/ulrike-thoms-from-migrant-food-to-lifestyle-cooking-the-career-of-italian-cuisine-in-europe">"From Migrant Food to Lifestyle Cooking: The Career of Italian Cuisine in Europe Italian Cuisine"</a>. EGO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129140615/http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/economic-migration/ulrike-thoms-from-migrant-food-to-lifestyle-cooking-the-career-of-italian-cuisine-in-europe">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EGO&rft.atitle=From+Migrant+Food+to+Lifestyle+Cooking%3A+The+Career+of+Italian+Cuisine+in+Europe+Italian+Cuisine&rft.aulast=Thoms&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fieg-ego.eu%2Fen%2Fthreads%2Feurope-on-the-road%2Feconomic-migration%2Fulrike-thoms-from-migrant-food-to-lifestyle-cooking-the-career-of-italian-cuisine-in-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epicurean.com/articles/making-of-italian-food.html">"The Making of Italian Food...From the Beginning"</a>. Epicurean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327080045/http://www.epicurean.com/articles/making-of-italian-food.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Italian+Food...From+the+Beginning&rft.pub=Epicurean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epicurean.com%2Farticles%2Fmaking-of-italian-food.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411–21-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411–21_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, pp. 11–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> For example, in 2019, the American network <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> ranked first in a ranking of the best cuisines in the world; see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html">"Which country has the best food?"</a>. 12 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213162408/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+country+has+the+best+food%3F&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fworld-best-food-cultures%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> According to a survey conducted by the British <a href="/wiki/Market_analysis" title="Market analysis">market analysis</a> company YouGov, out of 24 countries, Italian cuisine was the most internationally appreciated gastronomy with 84% of total preferences; see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.yougov.com/news/2019/03/12/la-cucina-italiana-votata-come-la-migliore-cucina-/">"Sondaggio YouGov:l'84% delle persone nel mondo preferisce la cucina italiana"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007143513/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sondaggio+YouGov%3Al%2784%25+delle+persone+nel+mondo+preferisce+la+cucina+italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.yougov.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F12%2Fla-cucina-italiana-votata-come-la-migliore-cucina-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRelated_Articles2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Related Articles (2 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/718430/Italian-cuisine">"Italian cuisine"</a>. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100716014306/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/718430/Italian-cuisine">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italian+cuisine&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft.date=2009-01-02&rft.au=Related+Articles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F718430%2FItalian-cuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110102020059/http://www.indigoguide.com/italy/food.htm">"Italian Food – Italy's Regional Dishes & Cuisine"</a>. Indigo Guide. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indigoguide.com/italy/food.htm">the original</a> on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+Food+%E2%80%93+Italy%27s+Regional+Dishes+%26+Cuisine&rft.pub=Indigo+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indigoguide.com%2Fitaly%2Ffood.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusticocooking.com/regions.htm">"Regional Italian Cuisine"</a>. Rusticocooking.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410072851/http://www.rusticocooking.com/regions.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Italian+Cuisine&rft.pub=Rusticocooking.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusticocooking.com%2Fregions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.viedelgusto.it/piccola-storia-della-cucina-italiana/">"Cronistoria della cucina italiana"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031013059/https://www.viedelgusto.it/piccola-storia-della-cucina-italiana/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cronistoria+della+cucina+italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.viedelgusto.it%2Fpiccola-storia-della-cucina-italiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/scoperta-e-invenzione-della-cucina-regionale_%28L%27Italia-e-le-sue-Regioni%29/">"Piatti regionali a diffusione nazionale"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029004725/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/scoperta-e-invenzione-della-cucina-regionale_%28L%27Italia-e-le-sue-Regioni%29/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Piatti+regionali+a+diffusione+nazionale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fscoperta-e-invenzione-della-cucina-regionale_%2528L%2527Italia-e-le-sue-Regioni%2529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13760559">"How pasta became the world's favourite food"</a>. BBC News. 15 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140922021824/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13760559">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+pasta+became+the+world%27s+favourite+food&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-13760559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGebreyesus2020" class="citation web cs1">Gebreyesus, Ruth (2 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/138982/how-colonialism-brought-a-new-evolution-of-pasta-to-east-africa">"How Colonialism Brought a New Evolution of Pasta to East Africa | KQED"</a>. www.kqed.org. Retrieved 28 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kqed.org&rft.atitle=How+Colonialism+Brought+a+New+Evolution+of+Pasta+to+East+Africa+%7C+KQED&rft.date=2020-10-02&rft.aulast=Gebreyesus&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fbayareabites%2F138982%2Fhow-colonialism-brought-a-new-evolution-of-pasta-to-east-africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2007" class="citation web cs1">Freeman, Nancy (2 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sallybernstein.com/food/cuisines/us/">"American Food, Cuisine"</a>. Sallybernstein.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100418064119/http://sallybernstein.com/food/cuisines/us/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Food%2C+Cuisine&rft.pub=Sallybernstein.com&rft.date=2007-03-02&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sallybernstein.com%2Ffood%2Fcuisines%2Fus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.latuaitalia.ru/food-n-wine/intervista-esclusiva-allo-chef-carlo-cracco-la-cucina-e-cultura/">"Intervista esclusiva allo chef Carlo Cracco: "La cucina è cultura""</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031013143/https://it.latuaitalia.ru/food-n-wine/intervista-esclusiva-allo-chef-carlo-cracco-la-cucina-e-cultura/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intervista+esclusiva+allo+chef+Carlo+Cracco%3A+%22La+cucina+%C3%A8+cultura%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.latuaitalia.ru%2Ffood-n-wine%2Fintervista-esclusiva-allo-chef-carlo-cracco-la-cucina-e-cultura%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.incibum.it/storia-della-cucina-italiana/">"Storia della cucina italiana: le tappe della nostra cultura culinaria"</a> (in Italian). 25 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029010921/https://www.incibum.it/storia-della-cucina-italiana/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Storia+della+cucina+italiana%3A+le+tappe+della+nostra+cultura+culinaria&rft.date=2019-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.incibum.it%2Fstoria-della-cucina-italiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814202907/https://www.ristorazioneitalianamagazine.it/cucina-italiana-business-229-miliardi/">"La cucina italiana nel mondo: un business da 229 miliardi"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ristorazioneitalianamagazine.it/cucina-italiana-business-229-miliardi/">the original</a> on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+cucina+italiana+nel+mondo%3A+un+business+da+229+miliardi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ristorazioneitalianamagazine.it%2Fcucina-italiana-business-229-miliardi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibo360.it/cucina/mondo/cucina_italiana.htm">"Individualità territoriale e stagionalità nella cucina italiana"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029052347/https://www.cibo360.it/cucina/mondo/cucina_italiana.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Individualit%C3%A0+territoriale+e+stagionalit%C3%A0+nella+cucina+italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibo360.it%2Fcucina%2Fmondo%2Fcucina_italiana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gqitalia.it/lifestyle/food-drinks/2016/12/02/le-5-regole-fondamentali-della-cucina-italiana">"Regole e stagionalità della cucina italiana"</a> (in Italian). 2 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031093232/https://www.gqitalia.it/lifestyle/food-drinks/2016/12/02/le-5-regole-fondamentali-della-cucina-italiana">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regole+e+stagionalit%C3%A0+della+cucina+italiana&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gqitalia.it%2Flifestyle%2Ffood-drinks%2F2016%2F12%2F02%2Fle-5-regole-fondamentali-della-cucina-italiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sololibri.net/Le-ricette-della-nonna-Alla.html">"Nonne come chef"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031091730/https://www.sololibri.net/Le-ricette-della-nonna-Alla.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nonne+come+chef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sololibri.net%2FLe-ricette-della-nonna-Alla.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> The Silver Spoon <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7212-223-6" title="Special:BookSources/88-7212-223-6">88-7212-223-6</a>, 1997 ed. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2009" class="citation news cs1">Marshall, Lee (30 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6246202/Italian-coffee-culture-a-guide.html">"Italian coffee culture: a guide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010212148/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6246202/Italian-coffee-culture-a-guide.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Italian+coffee+culture%3A+a+guide&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F6246202%2FItalian-coffee-culture-a-guide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewkes2012" class="citation news cs1">Jewkes, Stephen (13 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timescolonist.com/life/travel/world-s-first-museum-about-gelato-culture-opens-in-italy-1.15866">"World's first museum about gelato culture opens in Italy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_Colonist" title="Times Colonist">Times Colonist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062518/http://www.timescolonist.com/life/travel/world-s-first-museum-about-gelato-culture-opens-in-italy-1.15866">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Colonist&rft.atitle=World%27s+first+museum+about+gelato+culture+opens+in+Italy&rft.date=2012-10-13&rft.aulast=Jewkes&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timescolonist.com%2Flife%2Ftravel%2Fworld-s-first-museum-about-gelato-culture-opens-in-italy-1.15866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2013" class="citation news cs1">Squires, Nick (23 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10261930/Tiramisu-claimed-by-Treviso.html">"Tiramisu claimed by Treviso"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130829091009/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10261930/Tiramisu-claimed-by-Treviso.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tiramisu+claimed+by+Treviso&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F10261930%2FTiramisu-claimed-by-Treviso.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keane-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keane_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keane_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeane" class="citation web cs1">Keane, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329075250/http://www.bordbia.ie/industryservices/information/alerts/Pages/ItalyleadsthewaywithprotectedproductsunderEUschemes.aspx">"Italy leads the way with protected products under EU schemes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bord_Bia" title="Bord Bia">Bord Bia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bordbia.ie/industryservices/information/alerts/Pages/ItalyleadsthewaywithprotectedproductsunderEUschemes.aspx">the original</a> on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italy+leads+the+way+with+protected+products+under+EU+schemes&rft.pub=Bord+Bia&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordbia.ie%2Findustryservices%2Finformation%2Falerts%2FPages%2FItalyleadsthewaywithprotectedproductsunderEUschemes.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inumeridelvino-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inumeridelvino_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inumeridelvino_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inumeridelvino.it/2018/11/la-produzione-di-vino-nel-mondo-2018-prima-stima-oiv.html">"L'Italia è il maggiore produttore di vino"</a> (in Italian). 25 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111224545/http://www.inumeridelvino.it/2018/11/la-produzione-di-vino-nel-mondo-2018-prima-stima-oiv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Italia+%C3%A8+il+maggiore+produttore+di+vino&rft.date=2018-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inumeridelvino.it%2F2018%2F11%2Fla-produzione-di-vino-nel-mondo-2018-prima-stima-oiv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-giornalevinocibo-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-giornalevinocibo_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-giornalevinocibo_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://giornalevinocibo.com/2017/06/03/italia-prima-assoluta-per-vitgni-autoctoni-ecco-i-dati-dei-vari-stati/">"L'Italia è il paese con più vitigni autoctoni al mondo"</a> (in Italian). 3 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101044918/https://giornalevinocibo.com/2017/06/03/italia-prima-assoluta-per-vitgni-autoctoni-ecco-i-dati-dei-vari-stati/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Italia+%C3%A8+il+paese+con+pi%C3%B9+vitigni+autoctoni+al+mondo&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgiornalevinocibo.com%2F2017%2F06%2F03%2Fitalia-prima-assoluta-per-vitgni-autoctoni-ecco-i-dati-dei-vari-stati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourguidetoitaly.com/history-of-italian-food-cuisine.html">"History of Italian Food"</a>. yourguidetoitaly.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513135014/http://www.yourguidetoitaly.com/history-of-italian-food-cuisine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yourguidetoitaly.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Italian+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourguidetoitaly.com%2Fhistory-of-italian-food-cuisine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pizzanapoletana.org/showassoc_eng.php?id=140">"First pizzeria was settled in Naples"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090119075433/http://www.pizzanapoletana.org/showassoc_eng.php?id=140">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+pizzeria+was+settled+in+Naples&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pizzanapoletana.org%2Fshowassoc_eng.php%3Fid%3D140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKummer1986" class="citation web cs1">Kummer, Corby (1 July 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198607/pasta">"Pasta"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723135008/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198607/pasta">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Pasta&rft.date=1986-07-01&rft.aulast=Kummer&rft.aufirst=Corby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fdoc%2F198607%2Fpasta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Alberto Capatti, Massimo Montanari, "La cucina italiana. Storia di una cultura" (2002). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200411_33-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLast2022" class="citation journal cs1">Last, John (13 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.noemamag.com/there-is-no-such-thing-as-italian-food">"There Is No Such Thing As Italian Food"</a>. Noema Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222021057/https://www.noemamag.com/there-is-no-such-thing-as-italian-food/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noema+Magazine&rft.atitle=There+Is+No+Such+Thing+As+Italian+Food&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft.aulast=Last&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noemamag.com%2Fthere-is-no-such-thing-as-italian-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harmon-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1989" class="citation news cs1">Jenkins, Nancy Harmon (18 October 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/18/garden/arab-sicilian-food-tale-of-1001-years.html">"Arab-Sicilian Food: Tale of 1,001 Years"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101043838/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/18/garden/arab-sicilian-food-tale-of-1001-years.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arab-Sicilian+Food%3A+Tale+of+1%2C001+Years&rft.date=1989-10-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Harmon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F10%2F18%2Fgarden%2Farab-sicilian-food-tale-of-1001-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deliciousitaly.com/sicily-food-wine/arab-culinary-influence-in-sicilian-food">"Arab Culinary Influence in Sicilian Food"</a>. Delicious Italy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805113913/http://www.deliciousitaly.com/sicily-food-wine/arab-culinary-influence-in-sicilian-food">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Delicious+Italy&rft.atitle=Arab+Culinary+Influence+in+Sicilian+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deliciousitaly.com%2Fsicily-food-wine%2Farab-culinary-influence-in-sicilian-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200412-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200412_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200412_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti2003253–254-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapatti2003253–254_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapatti2003">Capatti 2003</a>, pp. 253–254. </li> <li id="cite_note-localistorici-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-localistorici_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-localistorici_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130430180217/http://www.localistorici.it/it/Schede/view/tipo/locali-storici/categorie/per-anno-di-fondazione_1200-1299/slug/antica-trattoria-bagutto">"Antica trattoria Bagutto"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localistorici.it/it/Schede/view/tipo/locali-storici/categorie/per-anno-di-fondazione_1200-1299/slug/antica-trattoria-bagutto">the original</a> on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antica+trattoria+Bagutto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localistorici.it%2Fit%2FSchede%2Fview%2Ftipo%2Flocali-storici%2Fcategorie%2Fper-anno-di-fondazione_1200-1299%2Fslug%2Fantica-trattoria-bagutto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti20036-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapatti20036_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapatti2003">Capatti 2003</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti20039–10-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapatti20039–10_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapatti2003">Capatti 2003</a>, pp. 9–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti200310-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapatti200310_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapatti2003">Capatti 2003</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200413-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200413_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200414–15_44-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, pp. 14–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200415-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200415_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200415_45-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200416-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200416_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti2003158–159-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapatti2003158–159_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapatti2003">Capatti 2003</a>, pp. 158–159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapatti2003282–284-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapatti2003282–284_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapatti2003">Capatti 2003</a>, pp. 282–284. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gentilcore2010-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Gentilcore2010_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGentilcore2010" class="citation book cs1">Gentilcore, David (15 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hZgEvOPTQLsC">Pomodoro!: A History of the Tomato in Italy</a>. Columbia University Press. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15206-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15206-8"><bdi>978-0-231-15206-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pomodoro%21%3A+A+History+of+the+Tomato+in+Italy&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15206-8&rft.aulast=Gentilcore&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhZgEvOPTQLsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200417-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200417_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaccioli1987753-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaccioli1987753_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFaccioli1987">Faccioli 1987</a>, p. 753. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200418–19-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Conte200418–19_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDel_Conte2004">Del Conte 2004</a>, pp. 18–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/gli-italiani-allestero-veri-ambasciatori-della-cucina-italiana-nel-mondo/">"Gli italiani all'estero veri ambasciatori della cucina italiana nel mondo"</a> (in Italian). 7 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201224555/https://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/gli-italiani-allestero-veri-ambasciatori-della-cucina-italiana-nel-mondo/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gli+italiani+all%27estero+veri+ambasciatori+della+cucina+italiana+nel+mondo&rft.date=2019-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiachiamaitalia.it%2Fgli-italiani-allestero-veri-ambasciatori-della-cucina-italiana-nel-mondo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/309">"Lista dei prodotti italiani riconosciuti come: DOP, IGP, STG, IG e PAT"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123094500/https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/309">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lista+dei+prodotti+italiani+riconosciuti+come%3A+DOP%2C+IGP%2C+STG%2C+IG+e+PAT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicheagricole.it%2Fflex%2Fcm%2Fpages%2FServeBLOB.php%2FL%2FIT%2FIDPagina%2F309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arsacweb.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/20-De.Co_..pdf">"Lista dei prodotti italiani riconosciuti come: De.CO"</a> (PDF) (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201215019/https://www.arsacweb.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/20-De.Co_..pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lista+dei+prodotti+italiani+riconosciuti+come%3A+De.CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arsacweb.it%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F11%2F20-De.Co_..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webfoodculture.com/vini-doc-docg-prima-parte/">"DOC e DOCG in Italia"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101235104/https://www.webfoodculture.com/vini-doc-docg-prima-parte/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOC+e+DOCG+in+Italia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webfoodculture.com%2Fvini-doc-docg-prima-parte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cittadellolio.it/2019/07/23/olio-dop-e-igp-in-italia/">"Oli DOP e IGP in Italia"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101163239/https://www.cittadellolio.it/2019/07/23/olio-dop-e-igp-in-italia/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oli+DOP+e+IGP+in+Italia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cittadellolio.it%2F2019%2F07%2F23%2Folio-dop-e-igp-in-italia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tg24.sky.it/economia/2021/09/14/italian-sounding-imitazioni-eccellenze-italiane#04">"Dal Prosek al Parmesan, le imitazioni delle eccellenze italiane nel mondo"</a> (in Italian). 15 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129235550/https://tg24.sky.it/economia/2021/09/14/italian-sounding-imitazioni-eccellenze-italiane#04">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dal+Prosek+al+Parmesan%2C+le+imitazioni+delle+eccellenze+italiane+nel+mondo&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftg24.sky.it%2Feconomia%2F2021%2F09%2F14%2Fitalian-sounding-imitazioni-eccellenze-italiane%2304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-agrifood-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agrifood_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-agrifood_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agrifood.tech/sicurezza-alimentare/italian-sounding-food-che-cose-e-come-funziona/">"In cosa consiste l'Italian Sounding"</a> (in Italian). 25 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118225932/https://www.agrifood.tech/sicurezza-alimentare/italian-sounding-food-che-cose-e-come-funziona/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+cosa+consiste+l%27Italian+Sounding&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrifood.tech%2Fsicurezza-alimentare%2Fitalian-sounding-food-che-cose-e-come-funziona%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-contraffazione-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-contraffazione_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-contraffazione_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/trend/contraffazione-alimentare/">"I finti prodotti italiani? Anche in Italia!"</a> (in Italian). 4 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130151830/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/trend/contraffazione-alimentare/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+finti+prodotti+italiani%3F+Anche+in+Italia%21&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Ftrend%2Fcontraffazione-alimentare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documenti.camera.it/leg17/resoconti/commissioni/stenografici/html/13/indag/c13_investimenti/2015/07/22/indice_stenografico.0007.html">"Indagine conoscitiva sulle ricadute sul sistema agroalimentare italiano dell'accordo di partenariato transatlantico su commercio e investimenti (TTIP)"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201010704/http://documenti.camera.it/leg17/resoconti/commissioni/stenografici/html/13/indag/c13_investimenti/2015/07/22/indice_stenografico.0007.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indagine+conoscitiva+sulle+ricadute+sul+sistema+agroalimentare+italiano+dell%27accordo+di+partenariato+transatlantico+su+commercio+e+investimenti+%28TTIP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocumenti.camera.it%2Fleg17%2Fresoconti%2Fcommissioni%2Fstenografici%2Fhtml%2F13%2Findag%2Fc13_investimenti%2F2015%2F07%2F22%2Findice_stenografico.0007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-uibm.gov.it-62"><a href="#cite_ref-uibm.gov.it_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uibm.gov.it/iperico/home/Rapporto%20IPERICO-%20Lotta%20alla%20contraffazione%20nel%20settore%20agroalimentare_definitivo.pdf">"Rapporto IPERICO sulla Lotta alla Contraffazione in Italia nel Settore Agroalimentare 2009–2012"</a> (PDF) (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201215018/https://www.uibm.gov.it/iperico/home/Rapporto%20IPERICO-%20Lotta%20alla%20contraffazione%20nel%20settore%20agroalimentare_definitivo.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapporto+IPERICO+sulla+Lotta+alla+Contraffazione+in+Italia+nel+Settore+Agroalimentare+2009%E2%80%932012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uibm.gov.it%2Fiperico%2Fhome%2FRapporto%2520IPERICO-%2520Lotta%2520alla%2520contraffazione%2520nel%2520settore%2520agroalimentare_definitivo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamberorosso-63"><a href="#cite_ref-gamberorosso_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontagnoli2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Montagnoli, Livia (19 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/italian-sounding-cose-come-funziona-e-quali-danni-fa-al-made-in-italy/">"Italian sounding: cos'è, come funziona e quali danni fa al made in Italy"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217171112/https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/italian-sounding-cose-come-funziona-e-quali-danni-fa-al-made-in-italy/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+sounding%3A+cos%27%C3%A8%2C+come+funziona+e+quali+danni+fa+al+made+in+Italy&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft.aulast=Montagnoli&rft.aufirst=Livia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Fitalian-sounding-cose-come-funziona-e-quali-danni-fa-al-made-in-italy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unionalimentari-64"><a href="#cite_ref-unionalimentari_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unionalimentari.com/en/ultimora-alimentare/italian-sounding-giro-di-affari-da-55-miliardi.aspx#:~:text=Supera%20i%2060%20miliardi%20di,nel%20nome%20il%20'parmigiano').">"Italian sounding: giro di affari da 55 miliardi"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217210617/https://www.unionalimentari.com/en/ultimora-alimentare/italian-sounding-giro-di-affari-da-55-miliardi.aspx#:~:text=Supera%20i%2060%20miliardi%20di,nel%20nome%20il%20'parmigiano').">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+sounding%3A+giro+di+affari+da+55+miliardi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionalimentari.com%2Fen%2Fultimora-alimentare%2Fitalian-sounding-giro-di-affari-da-55-miliardi.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSupera%2520i%252060%2520miliardi%2520di%2Cnel%2520nome%2520il%2520%27parmigiano%27%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/ITA_libretto_i_presidi_SF_2014.pdf">"Lista dei presidi Slow Food in Italia e nel mondo"</a> (PDF) (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029123431/https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/ITA_libretto_i_presidi_SF_2014.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lista+dei+presidi+Slow+Food+in+Italia+e+nel+mondo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fondazioneslowfood.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F04%2FITA_libretto_i_presidi_SF_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slowfood.com/eat-less-meat-of-better-quality-dont-do-it-with-sadness-do-it-with-joy/">"Eat less meat, of better quality: don't do it with sadness. Do it with joy!"</a>. 26 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130171812/https://www.slowfood.com/eat-less-meat-of-better-quality-dont-do-it-with-sadness-do-it-with-joy/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eat+less+meat%2C+of+better+quality%3A+don%27t+do+it+with+sadness.+Do+it+with+joy%21&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slowfood.com%2Feat-less-meat-of-better-quality-dont-do-it-with-sadness-do-it-with-joy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slowfood.com/what-we-do/themes/food-waste/">"Food waste - Themes"</a>. Slow Food International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201020711/https://www.slowfood.com/what-we-do/themes/food-waste/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slow+Food+International&rft.atitle=Food+waste+-+Themes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slowfood.com%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fthemes%2Ffood-waste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318453844">"Slow Food movement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130172001/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318453844_Slow_Food_movement">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slow+Food+movement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F318453844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/how-we-work/fair-trade/">"Fair Trade – How We Work"</a>. Slow Food Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130172000/https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/how-we-work/fair-trade/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slow+Food+Foundation&rft.atitle=Fair+Trade+%E2%80%93+How+We+Work&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fondazioneslowfood.com%2Fen%2Fhow-we-work%2Ffair-trade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finedininglovers.it/articolo/perche-gualtiero-marchesi-e-il-fondatore-della-cucina-italiana-moderna">"Perchè Gualtiero Marchesi è il fondatore della Cucina Italiana Moderna"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215180200/https://www.finedininglovers.it/articolo/perche-gualtiero-marchesi-e-il-fondatore-della-cucina-italiana-moderna">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perch%C3%A8+Gualtiero+Marchesi+%C3%A8+il+fondatore+della+Cucina+Italiana+Moderna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finedininglovers.it%2Farticolo%2Fperche-gualtiero-marchesi-e-il-fondatore-della-cucina-italiana-moderna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/gualtiero-marchesi-il-grande-italiano/">"Gualtiero Marchesi, il grande italiano"</a> (in Italian). 26 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215180157/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/gualtiero-marchesi-il-grande-italiano/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gualtiero+Marchesi%2C+il+grande+italiano&rft.date=2017-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fin-primo-piano%2Fgualtiero-marchesi-il-grande-italiano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cateringgrasch-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cateringgrasch_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cateringgrasch_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cateringgrasch.it/nouvelle-cuisine/">"Nouvelle Cuisine - Storia tra Francia e Italia"</a> (in Italian). 23 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025190548/https://cateringgrasch.it/nouvelle-cuisine/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nouvelle+Cuisine+-+Storia+tra+Francia+e+Italia&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcateringgrasch.it%2Fnouvelle-cuisine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lussomag.it/food-beverage/nouvelle-cuisine/">"Nouvelle Cuisine: conosciamo i piatti più famosi"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215222609/https://www.lussomag.it/food-beverage/nouvelle-cuisine/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nouvelle+Cuisine%3A+conosciamo+i+piatti+pi%C3%B9+famosi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lussomag.it%2Ffood-beverage%2Fnouvelle-cuisine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastianichTania" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lidia_Bastianich" title="Lidia Bastianich">Bastianich, Lidia</a>; Tania, Manuali. Lidia Cooks from the Heart of Italy: A Feast of 175 Regional Recipes (1st ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lidia+Cooks+from+the+Heart+of+Italy%3A+A+Feast+of+175+Regional+Recipes&rft.edition=1st&rft.aulast=Bastianich&rft.aufirst=Lidia&rft.au=Tania%2C+Manuali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastianichJohn" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lidia_Bastianich" title="Lidia Bastianich">Bastianich, Lidia</a>; John, Mariani. How Italian Food Conquered the World (1st ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Italian+Food+Conquered+the+World&rft.edition=1st&rft.aulast=Bastianich&rft.aufirst=Lidia&rft.au=John%2C+Mariani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConte2016" class="citation news cs1">Conte, Anna Del (16 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/16/ten-commandments-of-italian-cooking">"Ten commandments of Italian cooking"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201213212424/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/16/ten-commandments-of-italian-cooking">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ten+commandments+of+Italian+cooking&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Conte&rft.aufirst=Anna+Del&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2016%2Fmay%2F16%2Ften-commandments-of-italian-cooking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyle_Phillips" class="citation web cs1">Kyle Phillips. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053014/http://italianfood.about.com/od/regionalcuisines1/ss/northeastern.htm">"Northern Regional Cuisines"</a>. About. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://italianfood.about.com/od/regionalcuisines1/ss/northeastern.htm">the original</a> on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About&rft.atitle=Northern+Regional+Cuisines&rft.au=Kyle+Phillips&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitalianfood.about.com%2Fod%2Fregionalcuisines1%2Fss%2Fnortheastern.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArturo_Iengo2008" class="citation book cs1">Arturo Iengo (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616053516/https://books.google.it/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&pg=PA126&dq=pizzeria+Brandi&hl=it&sa=X&ei=N6-EU6bFMKGs0QX3poCIAQ&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ">Cucina Napoletana: 100 Recipes from Italy's Most Vibrant City</a>. New Holland Publishers. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-989-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-989-6"><bdi>978-1-84537-989-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&q=pizzeria+Brandi&pg=PA126">the original</a> on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cucina+Napoletana%3A+100+Recipes+from+Italy%27s+Most+Vibrant+City&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84537-989-6&rft.au=Arturo+Iengo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Daat2zzXHDrMC%26q%3Dpizzeria%2BBrandi%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/prodotti-tipici-lazio/">"Cucina laziale: l'abc dei prodotti tipici della regione"</a> (in Italian). 16 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112162037/https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/prodotti-tipici-lazio/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cucina+laziale%3A+l%27abc+dei+prodotti+tipici+della+regione&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Fprodotti-tipici-lazio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agrodolce.it/ricette/ragu-alla-toscana/">"Ragù alla toscana: per la pasta fatta in casa"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112160904/https://www.agrodolce.it/ricette/ragu-alla-toscana/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rag%C3%B9+alla+toscana%3A+per+la+pasta+fatta+in+casa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrodolce.it%2Fricette%2Fragu-alla-toscana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaySalvatori2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bay, Allan; Salvatori, Paola (4 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7GpHEAAAQBAJ&dq=cucina+italiana+meridionale+peperoni+olive+e+capperi&pg=PT22">Nuova cucina italiana: 1400 ricette tra tradizione e innovazione</a> (in Italian). Il Saggiatore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788865769539" title="Special:BookSources/9788865769539"><bdi>9788865769539</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155842/https://books.google.com/books?id=7GpHEAAAQBAJ&dq=cucina+italiana+meridionale+peperoni+olive+e+capperi&pg=PT22">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuova+cucina+italiana%3A+1400+ricette+tra+tradizione+e+innovazione&rft.pub=Il+Saggiatore&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.isbn=9788865769539&rft.aulast=Bay&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.au=Salvatori%2C+Paola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7GpHEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcucina%2Bitaliana%2Bmeridionale%2Bpeperoni%2Bolive%2Be%2Bcapperi%26pg%3DPT22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/trend/italia-batte-la-francia-anche-nei-formaggi/">"L'Italia ha la maggiore varietà di formaggi al mondo"</a> (in Italian). 29 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101190122/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/trend/italia-batte-la-francia-anche-nei-formaggi/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Italia+ha+la+maggiore+variet%C3%A0+di+formaggi+al+mondo&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Ftrend%2Fitalia-batte-la-francia-anche-nei-formaggi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.formaggio.it/">"Elenco interattivo dei 600 tipi di formaggi italiani"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610042351/http://www.formaggio.it/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elenco+interattivo+dei+600+tipi+di+formaggi+italiani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.formaggio.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotto2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scotto, Paolo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vaOHxeRYsTkC&dq=in+Italia+esistono+2500+tipi+di+formaggi&pg=PA32">I numeri del formaggio italiano</a> (in Italian). Gremese Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788884403438" title="Special:BookSources/9788884403438"><bdi>9788884403438</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155838/https://books.google.com/books?id=vaOHxeRYsTkC&dq=in+Italia+esistono+2500+tipi+di+formaggi&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+numeri+del+formaggio+italiano&rft.pub=Gremese+Editore&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788884403438&rft.aulast=Scotto&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvaOHxeRYsTkC%26dq%3Din%2BItalia%2Besistono%2B2500%2Btipi%2Bdi%2Bformaggi%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCremonaSoletti2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cremona, Luigi; Soletti, Francesco (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNZCPnt-8AoC&dq=490+formaggi+DOP+e+tradizionali&pg=PP1">Elenco dei 490 tipi di formaggi italiani tra DOP, IGP e PAT</a> (in Italian). Touring Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788836527274" title="Special:BookSources/9788836527274"><bdi>9788836527274</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155838/https://books.google.com/books?id=UNZCPnt-8AoC&dq=490+formaggi+DOP+e+tradizionali&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elenco+dei+490+tipi+di+formaggi+italiani+tra+DOP%2C+IGP+e+PAT&rft.pub=Touring+Editore&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788836527274&rft.aulast=Cremona&rft.aufirst=Luigi&rft.au=Soletti%2C+Francesco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUNZCPnt-8AoC%26dq%3D490%2Bformaggi%2BDOP%2Be%2Btradizionali%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-May2005-86"><a href="#cite_ref-May2005_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2005" class="citation book cs1">May, Tony (1 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0tAafwz2YcQC&pg=PA7">Italian Cuisine: The New Essential Reference to the Riches of the Italian Table</a>. Macmillan. pp. 7–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-30280-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-30280-1"><bdi>978-0-312-30280-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Cuisine%3A+The+New+Essential+Reference+to+the+Riches+of+the+Italian+Table&rft.pages=7-&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-312-30280-1&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0tAafwz2YcQC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090531002943/http://r0.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/olive/market.htm">"UNCTAD (2005)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://r0.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/olive/market.htm#conso">the original</a> on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNCTAD+%282005%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fr0.unctad.org%2Finfocomm%2Fanglais%2Folive%2Fmarket.htm%23conso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellotaste.it/olio/olio-italia/le-variet%C3%A0-di-olivo-italia-le-cultivar">"L'Italia possiede la maggior varietà di cultivar di olivo al mondo"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029122307/https://www.hellotaste.it/olio/olio-italia/le-variet%C3%A0-di-olivo-italia-le-cultivar">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Italia+possiede+la+maggior+variet%C3%A0+di+cultivar+di+olivo+al+mondo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellotaste.it%2Folio%2Folio-italia%2Fle-variet%25C3%25A0-di-olivo-italia-le-cultivar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.ripleybelieves.com/olive-oil-production-by-country-3414">"L'Italia ha la seconda maggiore produzione di olio d'oliva al mondo"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101233314/https://it.ripleybelieves.com/olive-oil-production-by-country-3414">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Italia+ha+la+seconda+maggiore+produzione+di+olio+d%27oliva+al+mondo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.ripleybelieves.com%2Folive-oil-production-by-country-3414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lacucinaitaliana-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lacucinaitaliana_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lacucinaitaliana_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/topic/pane/?refresh_ce=">"Pane"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112160723/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/topic/pane/?refresh_ce=">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Ftopic%2Fpane%2F%3Frefresh_ce%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibo360.it/qualita/certificazioni/salumi/elenco_dop.htm">"Salumi e insaccati italiani DOP e IGP"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018194323/https://www.cibo360.it/qualita/certificazioni/salumi/elenco_dop.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salumi+e+insaccati+italiani+DOP+e+IGP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibo360.it%2Fqualita%2Fcertificazioni%2Fsalumi%2Felenco_dop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italiaatavola.net/articolo.aspx?id=9316">"Il 34% dei salumi e insaccati DOP e IGP in Europa sono italiani"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020150738/https://www.italiaatavola.net/articolo.aspx?id=9316">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+34%25+dei+salumi+e+insaccati+DOP+e+IGP+in+Europa+sono+italiani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiaatavola.net%2Farticolo.aspx%3Fid%3D9316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informacibo.it/prodotti-tipici-italiani-pat-elenco-aggiornato-mipaaft-numeri-curiosita/">"Salumi e insaccati italiani PAT"</a> (in Italian). 5 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019064451/https://www.informacibo.it/prodotti-tipici-italiani-pat-elenco-aggiornato-mipaaft-numeri-curiosita/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salumi+e+insaccati+italiani+PAT&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.informacibo.it%2Fprodotti-tipici-italiani-pat-elenco-aggiornato-mipaaft-numeri-curiosita%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-assovini-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-assovini_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-assovini_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assovini.it/blog/item/60-tipi-di-carne-nella-cucina-italiana">"Tipi di carne nella cucina italiana"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112173508/http://www.assovini.it/blog/item/60-tipi-di-carne-nella-cucina-italiana">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tipi+di+carne+nella+cucina+italiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assovini.it%2Fblog%2Fitem%2F60-tipi-di-carne-nella-cucina-italiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/tutorial/i-consigli/pesce-molluschi-crostacei-consigli-acquisto/">"Estate a tutto pesce, molluschi e crostacei: i consigli dell'esperto"</a> (in Italian). 24 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113145759/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/tutorial/i-consigli/pesce-molluschi-crostacei-consigli-acquisto/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estate+a+tutto+pesce%2C+molluschi+e+crostacei%3A+i+consigli+dell%27esperto&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Ftutorial%2Fi-consigli%2Fpesce-molluschi-crostacei-consigli-acquisto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/cucina/pasta-e-pesce-tutte-le-ricette/">"Pasta e pesce: quante ricette!"</a> (in Italian). 6 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113145758/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/cucina/pasta-e-pesce-tutte-le-ricette/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasta+e+pesce%3A+quante+ricette%21&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fcucina%2Fpasta-e-pesce-tutte-le-ricette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/cucina/antipasti-di-pesce-caldi-e-freddi-le-nostre-migliori-ricette/">"Antipasti di pesce caldi e freddi, 100 ricette"</a> (in Italian). 4 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113145757/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/cucina/antipasti-di-pesce-caldi-e-freddi-le-nostre-migliori-ricette/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antipasti+di+pesce+caldi+e+freddi%2C+100+ricette&rft.date=2020-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fcucina%2Fantipasti-di-pesce-caldi-e-freddi-le-nostre-migliori-ricette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cibo360-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cibo360_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cibo360_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibo360.it/alimentazione/cibi/cereali/derivati/formati_di_pasta.htm">"Formati (tipi) di pasta"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818023612/https://www.cibo360.it/alimentazione/cibi/cereali/derivati/formati_di_pasta.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formati+%28tipi%29+di+pasta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibo360.it%2Falimentazione%2Fcibi%2Fcereali%2Fderivati%2Fformati_di_pasta.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/pasta-recipes">"Pasta recipes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130224136/https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/pasta-recipes">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasta+recipes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcgoodfood.com%2Frecipes%2Fcollection%2Fpasta-recipes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/storie/pasta-fatta-in-casa-con-i-consigli-degli-esperti-la-ricetta-degli-spatzle/">"Pasta fatta in casa con i consigli degli esperti: la ricetta degli spätzle"</a> (in Italian). 6 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112154135/https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/storie/pasta-fatta-in-casa-con-i-consigli-degli-esperti-la-ricetta-degli-spatzle/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasta+fatta+in+casa+con+i+consigli+degli+esperti%3A+la+ricetta+degli+sp%C3%A4tzle&rft.date=2020-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Fstorie%2Fpasta-fatta-in-casa-con-i-consigli-degli-esperti-la-ricetta-degli-spatzle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilcuoreinpentola.it/scuola-di-cucina/la-pasta-secca/">"La pasta secca"</a> (in Italian). 25 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112162040/https://www.ilcuoreinpentola.it/scuola-di-cucina/la-pasta-secca/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+pasta+secca&rft.date=2015-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilcuoreinpentola.it%2Fscuola-di-cucina%2Fla-pasta-secca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italybite.it/it/blog/post/tipi-e-formati-di-pasta-italiani-regione-per-regione.html">"Tipi e formati di pasta italiani regione per regione"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112165846/https://www.italybite.it/it/blog/post/tipi-e-formati-di-pasta-italiani-regione-per-regione.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tipi+e+formati+di+pasta+italiani+regione+per+regione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italybite.it%2Fit%2Fblog%2Fpost%2Ftipi-e-formati-di-pasta-italiani-regione-per-regione.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publish.csiro.au/cp/pdf/CP13293">"The colours of durum wheat: a review"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816215100/http://www.publish.csiro.au/CP/pdf/CP13293">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+colours+of+durum+wheat%3A+a+review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%2Fcp%2Fpdf%2FCP13293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/articoli-food/pasta-al-dente-origine-e-storia-del-cavallo-di-battaglia-della-cucina-italiana/">"Pasta al dente. Origine e storia del cavallo di battaglia della cucina italiana"</a> (in Italian). 16 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112163056/https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/articoli-food/pasta-al-dente-origine-e-storia-del-cavallo-di-battaglia-della-cucina-italiana/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasta+al+dente.+Origine+e+storia+del+cavallo+di+battaglia+della+cucina+italiana&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Farticoli-food%2Fpasta-al-dente-origine-e-storia-del-cavallo-di-battaglia-della-cucina-italiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesautonapproach.it/grano-dannoso-salute/">"Il Grano: ecco come il cereale più diffuso al mondo è diventato"</a> (in Italian). 6 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112154410/https://www.thesautonapproach.it/grano-dannoso-salute/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+Grano%3A+ecco+come+il+cereale+pi%C3%B9+diffuso+al+mondo+%C3%A8+diventato&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesautonapproach.it%2Fgrano-dannoso-salute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricette.giallozafferano.it/Pizzoccheri-alla-valtellinese.html">"Pizzoccheri alla valtellinese"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202103348/https://ricette.giallozafferano.it/Pizzoccheri-alla-valtellinese.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pizzoccheri+alla+valtellinese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fricette.giallozafferano.it%2FPizzoccheri-alla-valtellinese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.my-personaltrainer.it/alimentazione/pasta-uovo.html">"Pasta all'uovo"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112154129/https://www.my-personaltrainer.it/alimentazione/pasta-uovo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasta+all%27uovo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.my-personaltrainer.it%2Falimentazione%2Fpasta-uovo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cucinare.it/ricetta/pastasciutta">"Ricetta pastasciutta"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112163722/https://www.cucinare.it/ricetta/pastasciutta">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ricetta+pastasciutta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cucinare.it%2Fricetta%2Fpastasciutta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.galbani.it/abcucina/come-fare/consigli-in-cucina/come-cucinare-la-minestra">"Come cucinare la minestra"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112165217/https://www.galbani.it/abcucina/come-fare/consigli-in-cucina/come-cucinare-la-minestra">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Come+cucinare+la+minestra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.galbani.it%2Fabcucina%2Fcome-fare%2Fconsigli-in-cucina%2Fcome-cucinare-la-minestra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricette.giallozafferano.it/Pasta-al-forno.html">"Pasta al forno"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202105227/https://ricette.giallozafferano.it/Pasta-al-forno.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasta+al+forno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fricette.giallozafferano.it%2FPasta-al-forno.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-144843" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144843">"144843"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=144843&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F144843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-focus-112"><a href="#cite_ref-focus_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.focus.it/cultura/curiosita/ricetta-piu-famosa-del-mondo">"Qual è la ricetta più famosa del mondo?"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112173452/https://www.focus.it/cultura/curiosita/ricetta-piu-famosa-del-mondo">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qual+%C3%A8+la+ricetta+pi%C3%B9+famosa+del+mondo%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus.it%2Fcultura%2Fcuriosita%2Fricetta-piu-famosa-del-mondo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Official Journal of the European Union, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF">Commission regulation (EU) No 97/2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603155915/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF">Archived</a> 3 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 5 February 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> International Trademark Association, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inta.org/INTABulletin/Pages/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx">European Union: Pizza napoletana obtains "Traditional Speciality Guaranteed" status</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084957/http://www.inta.org/INTABulletin/Pages/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx">Archived</a> 19 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1 April 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status">"Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status"</a>. The Guardian. London. Agence France-Presse. 7 December 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084312/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Naples%27+pizza+twirling+wins+Unesco+%27intangible%27+status&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fdec%2F07%2Fnaples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silviocicchi.com/pizzachef/ricetta-per-fare-la-pizza-al-taglio-perfetta-a-casa/">"Ricetta per fare la pizza al taglio perfetta a casa"</a> (in Italian). 23 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113214118/https://www.silviocicchi.com/pizzachef/ricetta-per-fare-la-pizza-al-taglio-perfetta-a-casa/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ricetta+per+fare+la+pizza+al+taglio+perfetta+a+casa&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silviocicchi.com%2Fpizzachef%2Fricetta-per-fare-la-pizza-al-taglio-perfetta-a-casa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/focacce-siciliane/">"Sfincione, focaccia e scacciata: sfida caldissima in Sicilia"</a> (in Italian). 22 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113213453/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/focacce-siciliane/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sfincione%2C+focaccia+e+scacciata%3A+sfida+caldissima+in+Sicilia&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fin-primo-piano%2Ffocacce-siciliane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HazanIntroduction-118"><a href="#cite_ref-HazanIntroduction_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazan1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcella_Hazan" title="Marcella Hazan">Hazan, Marcella</a> (27 October 1992). "Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knopfdoubleday.com/book/77517/essentials-of-classic-italian-cooking/">Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking</a> (Kindle and printed) (1st ed.). Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394584041" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394584041"><bdi>978-0394584041</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026183515/http://knopfdoubleday.com/book/77517/essentials-of-classic-italian-cooking/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2015. <q>...Italian cooking? It would seem no single cuisine answers to that name. The cooking of Italy is really the cooking of regions that long antedate the Italian nation....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Classic+Italian+Cooking&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1992-10-27&rft.isbn=978-0394584041&rft.aulast=Hazan&rft.aufirst=Marcella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknopfdoubleday.com%2Fbook%2F77517%2Fessentials-of-classic-italian-cooking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> For further references: CAPATTI, A.; MONTANARI, M., Italian Cuisine: A Cultural History, Columbia University Press, 2003 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://blog.tuscany-cooking-class.com/regional-diversity-in-italian-cuisine/">http://blog.tuscany-cooking-class.com/regional-diversity-in-italian-cuisine/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040515/http://blog.tuscany-cooking-class.com/regional-diversity-in-italian-cuisine/">Archived</a> 6 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-tableagent.com-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tableagent.com_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tableagent.com_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tableagent.com/article/exploring-italian-cuisine-flavorful-regions-and-a-fresh-perspective/">"Exploring Italian Cuisine: Flavorful Regions and a Fresh Perspective"</a>. tableagent.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009193431/https://tableagent.com/article/exploring-italian-cuisine-flavorful-regions-and-a-fresh-perspective/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tableagent.com&rft.atitle=Exploring+Italian+Cuisine%3A+Flavorful+Regions+and+a+Fresh+Perspective&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftableagent.com%2Farticle%2Fexploring-italian-cuisine-flavorful-regions-and-a-fresh-perspective%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000319-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000319_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000319_121-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 319. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212160158/http://www.hotelposeidontortoreto.com/en/abruzzi-wine-and-food_31.html">"Abruzzo wine and food, Tortoreto and Abruzzo cooking – Hotel Poseidon Tortoreto"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotelposeidontortoreto.com/en/abruzzi-wine-and-food_31.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo+wine+and+food%2C+Tortoreto+and+Abruzzo+cooking+%E2%80%93+Hotel+Poseidon+Tortoreto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotelposeidontortoreto.com%2Fen%2Fabruzzi-wine-and-food_31.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208092145/http://winecountry.it/regions/">"Italian Wine Regions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winecountry.it/regions/">the original</a> on 8 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+Wine+Regions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winecountry.it%2Fregions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110154821/http://www.winenews.it/print/the-winenews-corner/28904/the-best-italian-wine-is-trebbiano-dabruzzo-2007-by-valentini-then-barolo-reserve-monprivato-c-dmorissio-2004-by-mascarello-and-sassicaia-2009-by-san-guido-estate-the-best-italian-wine-awards-the-50-best-wines-of-italy">"THE BEST ITALIAN WINE IS TREBBIANO D'ABRUZZO 2007 BY VALENTINI, THEN BAROLO RESERVE MONPRIVATO CÀ D'MORISSIO 2004 BY MASCARELLO AND SASSICAIA 2009 BY SAN GUIDO ESTATE. THE "BEST ITALIAN WINE AWARDS-THE 50 BEST WINES OF ITALY" – Visualizzazione per stampa"</a>. WineNews. 25 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winenews.it/print/the-winenews-corner/28904/the-best-italian-wine-is-trebbiano-dabruzzo-2007-by-valentini-then-barolo-reserve-monprivato-c-dmorissio-2004-by-mascarello-and-sassicaia-2009-by-san-guido-estate-the-best-italian-wine-awards-the-50-best-wines-of-italy">the original</a> on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WineNews&rft.atitle=THE+BEST+ITALIAN+WINE+IS+TREBBIANO+D%27ABRUZZO+2007+BY+VALENTINI%2C+THEN+BAROLO+RESERVE+MONPRIVATO+C%C3%80+D%27MORISSIO+2004+BY+MASCARELLO+AND+SASSICAIA+2009+BY+SAN+GUIDO+ESTATE.+THE+%22BEST+ITALIAN+WINE+AWARDS-THE+50+BEST+WINES+OF+ITALY%22+%E2%80%93+Visualizzazione+per+stampa&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winenews.it%2Fprint%2Fthe-winenews-corner%2F28904%2Fthe-best-italian-wine-is-trebbiano-dabruzzo-2007-by-valentini-then-barolo-reserve-monprivato-c-dmorissio-2004-by-mascarello-and-sassicaia-2009-by-san-guido-estate-the-best-italian-wine-awards-the-50-best-wines-of-italy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifeinabruzzo.com/brodetto-vastese-the-winding-barter-fish-soup/">"Brodetto Vastese – the Winding Barter Fish Soup"</a>. 9 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120210345/https://lifeinabruzzo.com/brodetto-vastese-the-winding-barter-fish-soup/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brodetto+Vastese+%E2%80%93+the+Winding+Barter+Fish+Soup&rft.date=2012-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifeinabruzzo.com%2Fbrodetto-vastese-the-winding-barter-fish-soup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/fish-chutney">"Fish Chutney | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120210336/https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/fish-chutney">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fish+Chutney+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Ffish-chutney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/it/baccala-allabruzzese">"Baccalà all'abruzzese | Regione Abruzzo | Dipartimento Sviluppo Economico - Turismo"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120210337/https://abruzzoturismo.it/it/baccala-allabruzzese">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baccal%C3%A0+all%27abruzzese+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%26%23124%3B+Dipartimento+Sviluppo+Economico+-+Turismo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fit%2Fbaccala-allabruzzese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cookaround.com/ricetta/cozze-allo-zafferano.html">"Cozze allo zafferano"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209080508/https://www.cookaround.com/ricetta/cozze-allo-zafferano.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cozze+allo+zafferano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cookaround.com%2Fricetta%2Fcozze-allo-zafferano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.campotosto.aq.it/informazioni-turistiche-comune-di-campotosto/prodotti-tipici-di-campotosto/">"Prodotti Tipici"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130044917/https://www.comune.campotosto.aq.it/informazioni-turistiche-comune-di-campotosto/prodotti-tipici-di-campotosto/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prodotti+Tipici&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.campotosto.aq.it%2Finformazioni-turistiche-comune-di-campotosto%2Fprodotti-tipici-di-campotosto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virtuquotidiane.it/cronaca/campotosto-la-resilienza-di-filomena-e-della-sua-famiglia-da-generazioni-ristoratori-sul-lago.html">"CAMPOTOSTO: LA RESILIENZA DI FILOMENA E DELLA SUA FAMIGLIA, DA GENERAZIONI RISTORATORI SUL LAGO"</a> (in Italian). 27 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206002435/https://www.virtuquotidiane.it/cronaca/campotosto-la-resilienza-di-filomena-e-della-sua-famiglia-da-generazioni-ristoratori-sul-lago.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CAMPOTOSTO%3A+LA+RESILIENZA+DI+FILOMENA+E+DELLA+SUA+FAMIGLIA%2C+DA+GENERAZIONI+RISTORATORI+SUL+LAGO&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtuquotidiane.it%2Fcronaca%2Fcampotosto-la-resilienza-di-filomena-e-della-sua-famiglia-da-generazioni-ristoratori-sul-lago.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000361-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000361_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 361. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShulman2008" class="citation news cs1">Shulman, Martha (22 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/health/nutrition/22recipehealth.html">"Pasta With Cherry Tomatoes and Arugula"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101055232/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/health/nutrition/22recipehealth.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pasta+With+Cherry+Tomatoes+and+Arugula&rft.date=2008-07-22&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F22%2Fhealth%2Fnutrition%2F22recipehealth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greatitalianchefs.com/features/basilicata-food-guide">"The complete foodie guide to Basilicata"</a>. greatitalianchefs.com. 8 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021124229/https://www.greatitalianchefs.com/features/basilicata-food-guide">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greatitalianchefs.com&rft.atitle=The+complete+foodie+guide+to+Basilicata&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatitalianchefs.com%2Ffeatures%2Fbasilicata-food-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103162037/http://consiglio.basilicata.it/consiglioinforma/files/docs/10/34/62/DOCUMENT_FILE_103462.pdf">"Certificazione di origine, i meccanismi di vigilanza"</a> (PDF). consiglio.basilicata.it (in Italian and English). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://consiglio.basilicata.it/consiglioinforma/files/docs/10/34/62/DOCUMENT_FILE_103462.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=consiglio.basilicata.it&rft.atitle=Certificazione+di+origine%2C+i+meccanismi+di+vigilanza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconsiglio.basilicata.it%2Fconsiglioinforma%2Ffiles%2Fdocs%2F10%2F34%2F62%2FDOCUMENT_FILE_103462.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/trip-to-italy/southern-italy/crusco-peppers-the-red-necklaces-of-basilicata-towns?refresh_ce=">"Crusco Peppers: the Red Necklaces of Basilicata Towns"</a>. lacucinaitaliana.com. 16 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118080041/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/trip-to-italy/southern-italy/crusco-peppers-the-red-necklaces-of-basilicata-towns?refresh_ce=">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lacucinaitaliana.com&rft.atitle=Crusco+Peppers%3A+the+Red+Necklaces+of+Basilicata+Towns&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.com%2Ftrip-to-italy%2Fsouthern-italy%2Fcrusco-peppers-the-red-necklaces-of-basilicata-towns%3Frefresh_ce%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasteatlas.com/peperoni-cruschi">"Peperoni cruschi"</a>. tasteatlas.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119175314/https://www.tasteatlas.com/peperoni-cruschi">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tasteatlas.com&rft.atitle=Peperoni+cruschi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasteatlas.com%2Fpeperoni-cruschi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasteatlas.com/strascinati-con-mollica-e-peperoni-cruschi/recipe">"Strascinati con mollica e peperoni cruschi"</a>. tasteatlas.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119172039/https://www.tasteatlas.com/strascinati-con-mollica-e-peperoni-cruschi/recipe">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tasteatlas.com&rft.atitle=Strascinati+con+mollica+e+peperoni+cruschi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasteatlas.com%2Fstrascinati-con-mollica-e-peperoni-cruschi%2Frecipe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://basilicatacultural.ca/home/?recipes=lagane-with-chick-peas">"Lagane with Chick Peas"</a>. basilicatacultural.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104162458/http://basilicatacultural.ca/home/?recipes=lagane-with-chick-peas">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=basilicatacultural.ca&rft.atitle=Lagane+with+Chick+Peas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbasilicatacultural.ca%2Fhome%2F%3Frecipes%3Dlagane-with-chick-peas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2007" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Gillian (2007). The Oxford Companion to Italian Food. Oxford University Press. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Italian+Food&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124184629/https://www.italianowine.com/en/regions/basilicata/">"Basilicata"</a>. italianowine.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=italianowine.com&rft.atitle=Basilicata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italianowine.com%2Fen%2Fregions%2Fbasilicata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053320/http://www.expo2015.org/archive/en/expo-and-regions/list-of-the-projects/basilicata.html">"Basilicata – On the waterways: Basilicata land of Mefitis"</a>. expo2015.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expo2015.org/archive/en/expo-and-regions/list-of-the-projects/basilicata.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=expo2015.org&rft.atitle=Basilicata+%E2%80%93+On+the+waterways%3A+Basilicata+land+of+Mefitis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expo2015.org%2Farchive%2Fen%2Fexpo-and-regions%2Flist-of-the-projects%2Fbasilicata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Edward Lear, Diario di un viaggio a piedi – Calabria 1847, Edizione italiana a cura di Parallelo 38, Reggio Calabria, 1973 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000401-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000401_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000337-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000337_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000337_144-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 337. </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090712030514/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/2/2006_2_30.shtml">"Hanna Miller"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/2/2006_2_30.shtml">the original</a> on 12 July 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hanna+Miller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F2006%2F2%2F2006_2_30.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> "American Pie", American Heritage, April/May 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000187-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000187_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Georges Desrues "Eine Lange Nacht am Meer", In: Triest - Servus Magazin (2020), p 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Paola Agostini, Mariarosa Brizzi: Cucina friulana - Ricettario Verlag: Giunti Demetra, Florenz 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-440-3360-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-440-3360-6">978-88-440-3360-6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Christoph Wagner: Friaul Kochbuch. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoni198313-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoni198313_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoni198313_150-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoni1983">Boni 1983</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoni198314-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoni198314_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoni1983">Boni 1983</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEats" class="citation web cs1">Eats, Serious. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sweets.seriouseats.com/2012/05/gina-depalmas-guide-to-rome-sweets-desserts.html">"Gina DePalma's Guide To Rome Sweets"</a>. sweets.seriouseats.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201090859/https://sweets.seriouseats.com/2012/05/gina-depalmas-guide-to-rome-sweets-desserts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sweets.seriouseats.com&rft.atitle=Gina+DePalma%27s+Guide+To+Rome+Sweets&rft.aulast=Eats&rft.aufirst=Serious&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsweets.seriouseats.com%2F2012%2F05%2Fgina-depalmas-guide-to-rome-sweets-desserts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000291-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000291_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000291_153-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 291. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000167_and_177-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000167_and_177_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000167_and_177_154-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, pp. 167 and 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniela_Guaiti2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daniela Guaiti (2010). "Lombardia". La grande cucina regionale italiana (in Italian). Gribaudo. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lombardia&rft.btitle=La+grande+cucina+regionale+italiana&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Gribaudo&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Daniela+Guaiti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buonalombardia.regione.lombardia.it/shared/ccurl/433/68/Nuovo%20Codice%20Cucina%20Lombarda.pdf">"Per un codice della cucina lombarda"</a> (PDF) (in Italian). p. 1. Retrieved 25 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Per+un+codice+della+cucina+lombarda&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buonalombardia.regione.lombardia.it%2Fshared%2Fccurl%2F433%2F68%2FNuovo%2520Codice%2520Cucina%2520Lombarda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/ricetta/piatti-unici/ossobuco-e-risotto-piatto-unico-di-milano/#step-1">"Ricetta Ossobuco e risotto, piatto unico di Milano"</a> [Recipe for ossobuco and risotto, one-course meal dish of Milano]. Le ricette de La Cucina Italiana (in Italian). 29 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110063742/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/ricetta/piatti-unici/ossobuco-e-risotto-piatto-unico-di-milano/#step-1">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+ricette+de+La+Cucina+Italiana&rft.atitle=Ricetta+Ossobuco+e+risotto%2C+piatto+unico+di+Milano&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fricetta%2Fpiatti-unici%2Fossobuco-e-risotto-piatto-unico-di-milano%2F%23step-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200087-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras200087_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000273-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000273_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-GURI-160"><a href="#cite_ref-GURI_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130234544/http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/10061dl.htm">"Provvedimento 15 febbraio 2006: Iscrizione della denominazione «Oliva Ascolana del Piceno» nel registro delle denominazioni di origine protette e delle indicazioni geografiche protette, GURI n. 46"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/10061dl.htm">the original</a> on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provvedimento+15+febbraio+2006%3A+Iscrizione+della+denominazione+%C2%ABOliva+Ascolana+del+Piceno%C2%BB+nel+registro+delle+denominazioni+di+origine+protette+e+delle+indicazioni+geografiche+protette%2C+GURI+n.+46&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2Fparlam%2Fleggi%2Fdeleghe%2F10061dl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_161-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_161-3">d</a> Davide Paolini, Prodotti Tipici D'Italia, Garzanti. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000457_and_460-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000457_and_460_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000457_and_460_162-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, pp. 457 and 460. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sardegnaagricoltura.it/documenti/14_43_20070607153029.pdf">"Casu frazigu – Formaggi"</a> (PDF) (in Italian). Regione autonoma della Sardegna – ERSAT: Ente Regionale di Sviluppo e Assistenza Tecnica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722051927/http://www.sardegnaagricoltura.it/documenti/14_43_20070607153029.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Casu+frazigu+%E2%80%93+Formaggi&rft.pub=Regione+autonoma+della+Sardegna+%E2%80%93+ERSAT%3A+Ente+Regionale+di+Sviluppo+e+Assistenza+Tecnica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sardegnaagricoltura.it%2Fdocumenti%2F14_43_20070607153029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000423-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000423_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 423. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheshes2016" class="citation web cs1">Cheshes, Jay (25 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/anna-tasca-lanza-cooking-school-offers-a-slice-of-sicilian-1464191701">"Anna Tasca Lanza Cooking School Offers a Slice of Sicilian"</a>. WSJ Magazine from the Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSJ+Magazine+from+the+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Anna+Tasca+Lanza+Cooking+School+Offers+a+Slice+of+Sicilian&rft.date=2016-05-25&rft.aulast=Cheshes&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fanna-tasca-lanza-cooking-school-offers-a-slice-of-sicilian-1464191701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deliciousitaly.com/sicily-food-wine/arab-culinary-influence-in-sicilian-food">"Arab Culinary Influence in Sicilian Food"</a>. Delicious Italy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805113913/http://www.deliciousitaly.com/sicily-food-wine/arab-culinary-influence-in-sicilian-food">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Delicious+Italy&rft.atitle=Arab+Culinary+Influence+in+Sicilian+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deliciousitaly.com%2Fsicily-food-wine%2Farab-culinary-influence-in-sicilian-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFgreatbritishchefs" class="citation news cs1">greatbritishchefs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatitalianchefs.com/features/sicily-north-african-influence">"Sicily's North African Influences – Great Italian Chefs"</a>. Great Italian Chefs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419150306/https://www.greatitalianchefs.com/features/sicily-north-african-influence">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Italian+Chefs&rft.atitle=Sicily%27s+North+African+Influences+%E2%80%93+Great+Italian+Chefs&rft.au=greatbritishchefs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatitalianchefs.com%2Ffeatures%2Fsicily-north-african-influence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italianfoodexcellence.com/the-marsala-wine-an-english-story-with-a-sicilian-flavour/">"The Marsala wine: an English story with a Sicilian flavour | Italian Food Excellence"</a>. Italian Food Excellence. 15 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425050447/http://www.italianfoodexcellence.com/the-marsala-wine-an-english-story-with-a-sicilian-flavour/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Italian+Food+Excellence&rft.atitle=The+Marsala+wine%3A+an+English+story+with+a+Sicilian+flavour+%7C+Italian+Food+Excellence&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italianfoodexcellence.com%2Fthe-marsala-wine-an-english-story-with-a-sicilian-flavour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winefolly.com/review/marsala-wine/">"What is Marsala Wine | Wine Folly"</a>. Wine Folly. 8 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126234040/http://winefolly.com/review/marsala-wine/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wine+Folly&rft.atitle=What+is+Marsala+Wine+%7C+Wine+Folly&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinefolly.com%2Freview%2Fmarsala-wine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merano-suedtirol.it/en/lana-and-environs/food-wine/south-tyrolean-cuisine.html">"South Tyrolean Cuisine in Lana and Surroundings near Merano in South Tyrol"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122031250/https://www.merano-suedtirol.it/en/lana-and-environs/food-wine/south-tyrolean-cuisine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Tyrolean+Cuisine+in+Lana+and+Surroundings+near+Merano+in+South+Tyrol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merano-suedtirol.it%2Fen%2Flana-and-environs%2Ffood-wine%2Fsouth-tyrolean-cuisine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200067-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras200067_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras200067_171-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Reise_durch_Bella_Italia:_Südtirol-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reise_durch_Bella_Italia:_Südtirol_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reise_durch_Bella_Italia:_Südtirol_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodboom.de/lesestoff/suedtirol-spezialitaeten">"Reise durch Bella Italia: Südtirol"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122031249/https://www.foodboom.de/lesestoff/suedtirol-spezialitaeten">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reise+durch+Bella+Italia%3A+S%C3%BCdtirol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodboom.de%2Flesestoff%2Fsuedtirol-spezialitaeten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000221–239-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000221–239_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, pp. 221–239. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Cameron J. N. (2022). Homestyle Mediterranean: Rustic Cooking from Around the Sea. Beneva Publishing. p. 104. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9966261-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9966261-3-2">978-0-9966261-3-2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> Reference: MAXWELL, V.; LEVITON, A.; PETTERSEN, L.; Tuscany and Umbria, Lonely Planet, 2010. For the richness of Umbrian cuisine and its history: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://blog.tuscany-cooking-class.com/etruscan-roots-beyond-tuscany-umbrian-cuisine/">http://blog.tuscany-cooking-class.com/etruscan-roots-beyond-tuscany-umbrian-cuisine/</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409044934/http://blog.tuscany-cooking-class.com/etruscan-roots-beyond-tuscany-umbrian-cuisine/">Archived</a> 9 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000255–256_and_260–261-176"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000255–256_and_260–261_176-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, pp. 255–256 and 260–261. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000123–124,_128_and_133-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000123–124,_128_and_133_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, pp. 123–124, 128 and 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras200033-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras200033_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611081454/http://www.hillmanwonders.com/cuisines/venice_cuisine.htm">"Venice Cuisine – by food author Howard Hillman"</a>. Hillmanwonders.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hillmanwonders.com/cuisines/venice_cuisine.htm">the original</a> on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venice+Cuisine+%E2%80%93+by+food+author+Howard+Hillman&rft.pub=Hillmanwonders.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hillmanwonders.com%2Fcuisines%2Fvenice_cuisine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120604101928/http://www.annamariavolpi.com/page38.html">"history of tiramisu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annamariavolpi.com/page38.html">the original</a> on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=history+of+tiramisu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.annamariavolpi.com%2Fpage38.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studiare-in-italia.it/php5/study-italy.php?idorizz=5&idvert=62">"Mangiare all'italiana"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112222610/https://www.studiare-in-italia.it/php5/study-italy.php?idorizz=5&idvert=62">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mangiare+all%27italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiare-in-italia.it%2Fphp5%2Fstudy-italy.php%3Fidorizz%3D5%26idvert%3D62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/colazioni-strane-nel-mondo/">"Colazioni da incubo in giro per il mondo"</a> (in Italian). 29 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112221050/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/colazioni-strane-nel-mondo/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colazioni+da+incubo+in+giro+per+il+mondo&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fin-primo-piano%2Fcolazioni-strane-nel-mondo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corriere.it/cook/news/cards/merenda-abitudine-tutta-italiana-cinque-ricette-salutari-tutta-famiglia/merenda-come-deve-essere_principale.shtml">"Merenda, una abitudine tutta italiana: cinque ricette salutari per tutta la famiglia"</a> (in Italian). 12 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112221043/https://www.corriere.it/cook/news/cards/merenda-abitudine-tutta-italiana-cinque-ricette-salutari-tutta-famiglia/merenda-come-deve-essere_principale.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merenda%2C+una+abitudine+tutta+italiana%3A+cinque+ricette+salutari+per+tutta+la+famiglia&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fcook%2Fnews%2Fcards%2Fmerenda-abitudine-tutta-italiana-cinque-ricette-salutari-tutta-famiglia%2Fmerenda-come-deve-essere_principale.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toscanaslc-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toscanaslc_184-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toscanaslc.com/blog/guide-to-the-traditional-italian-meal-structure/">"Guide to the Traditional Italian Meal Structure"</a>. Cucina Toscana. 22 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118174449/https://toscanaslc.com/blog/guide-to-the-traditional-italian-meal-structure/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cucina+Toscana&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Traditional+Italian+Meal+Structure&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoscanaslc.com%2Fblog%2Fguide-to-the-traditional-italian-meal-structure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904152234/https://www.delallo.com/article/tavola-table/">"At the Italian Dinner Table | Italian Dinner and Food Traditions"</a>. DeLallo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delallo.com/article/tavola-table/#">the original</a> on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DeLallo&rft.atitle=At+the+Italian+Dinner+Table+%7C+Italian+Dinner+and+Food+Traditions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delallo.com%2Farticle%2Ftavola-table%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zankyou.it/p/quante-portate-per-un-matrimonio-di-nuova-generazione">"Quante portate per un matrimonio di nuova generazione?"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113172435/https://www.zankyou.it/p/quante-portate-per-un-matrimonio-di-nuova-generazione">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quante+portate+per+un+matrimonio+di+nuova+generazione%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zankyou.it%2Fp%2Fquante-portate-per-un-matrimonio-di-nuova-generazione&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alfemminile.com/casa/portate-a-tavola-s4013522.html">"Portate a tavola: qual è la sequenza corretta per non sbagliare?"</a> (in Italian). 12 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113172429/https://www.alfemminile.com/casa/portate-a-tavola-s4013522.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portate+a+tavola%3A+qual+%C3%A8+la+sequenza+corretta+per+non+sbagliare%3F&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alfemminile.com%2Fcasa%2Fportate-a-tavola-s4013522.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://educalingo.com/it/dic-it/primo-piatto">"Primo piatto"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113173545/https://educalingo.com/it/dic-it/primo-piatto">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primo+piatto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducalingo.com%2Fit%2Fdic-it%2Fprimo-piatto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://educalingo.com/it/dic-it/secondo-piatto">"Secondo piatto"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113172437/https://educalingo.com/it/dic-it/secondo-piatto">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secondo+piatto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducalingo.com%2Fit%2Fdic-it%2Fsecondo-piatto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fresco.irinox.com/ita/news/il-piatto-unico-cos-%C3%A8">"Il piatto unico, cos'è"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113172741/https://fresco.irinox.com/ita/news/il-piatto-unico-cos-%C3%A8">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+piatto+unico%2C+cos%27%C3%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffresco.irinox.com%2Fita%2Fnews%2Fil-piatto-unico-cos-%25C3%25A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000198–200-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000198–200_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, pp. 198–200. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/950413/michelin-starred-restaurants-in-italy/">"Number of Michelin-starred restaurants in Italy in 2024, by region"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 20 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+Michelin-starred+restaurants+in+Italy+in+2024%2C+by+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F950413%2Fmichelin-starred-restaurants-in-italy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/products-and-services/michelin-guide-2024-italy-two-new-3-michelin-stars-restaurants">"Michelin Guide 2024 - Italy - Two new 3 Michelin stars restaurants"</a>. Retrieved 20 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michelin+Guide+2024+-+Italy+-+Two+new+3+Michelin+stars+restaurants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michelin.com%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fproducts-and-services%2Fmichelin-guide-2024-italy-two-new-3-michelin-stars-restaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200_194-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200_194-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000200_194-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/C/caffetteria.html">"Caffetteria"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219143006/https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/C/caffetteria.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caffetteria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdizionari.repubblica.it%2FItaliano%2FC%2Fcaffetteria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/enoteca/">"Enotèca"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219143007/https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/enoteca/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enot%C3%A8ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Fenoteca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/fiaschetteria/">"Fiaschetterìa"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125154057/https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/fiaschetteria/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiaschetter%C3%ACa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Ffiaschetteria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=FORMAGGERIA100">"Formaggerìa"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093139/https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=FORMAGGERIA100">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formagger%C3%ACa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dizionario-italiano.it%2Fdizionario-italiano.php%3Flemma%3DFORMAGGERIA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/locanda/">"Locanda"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219143005/https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/locanda/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Locanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Flocanda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000201-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000201_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000201_200-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/panificio/">"Panifìcio"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111214536/https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/panificio/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panif%C3%ACcio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Fpanificio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.encyclopedia-titanica.com/significado-de-reposter">"Significato della pasticceria (cos'è, concetto e definizione)"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Significato+della+pasticceria+%28cos%27%C3%A8%2C+concetto+e+definizione%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.encyclopedia-titanica.com%2Fsignificado-de-reposter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emacprofessional.it/aprire-un-pastificio/">"Aprire un pastificio artigianale"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111220529/https://www.emacprofessional.it/aprire-un-pastificio/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aprire+un+pastificio+artigianale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emacprofessional.it%2Faprire-un-pastificio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apreroma.com/2021/01/11/cosa-serve-per-aprire-una-piadineria-nel-2021/">"Cosa serve per aprire una piadineria nel 2021"</a> (in Italian). 11 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115180414/https://www.apreroma.com/2021/01/11/cosa-serve-per-aprire-una-piadineria-nel-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cosa+serve+per+aprire+una+piadineria+nel+2021&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apreroma.com%2F2021%2F01%2F11%2Fcosa-serve-per-aprire-una-piadineria-nel-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203_205-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000203_205-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/sagra/">"Sagra"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219143004/https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/sagra/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sagra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Fsagra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/salumeria/">"Salumerìa"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111192311/https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/salumeria/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salumer%C3%ACa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Fsalumeria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000204-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000204_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2000205-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000205_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2000205_209-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2000">Evans 2000</a>, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philips.it/c-e/ho/articolo/caffe/suggerimenti-caffe/come-preparare-un-caffe-espresso-perfetto.html">"Qual è il caffè espresso perfetto e come va bevuto?"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 13 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qual+%C3%A8+il+caff%C3%A8+espresso+perfetto+e+come+va+bevuto%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philips.it%2Fc-e%2Fho%2Farticolo%2Fcaffe%2Fsuggerimenti-caffe%2Fcome-preparare-un-caffe-espresso-perfetto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000300-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000300_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 300. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000301-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000301_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 301. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996301-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996301_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoplan1996">Koplan 1996</a>, p. 301. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996311-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996311_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoplan1996">Koplan 1996</a>, p. 311. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyland" class="citation web cs1">Hyland, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomhyland/2020/10/09/the-best-of-italys-wineshighly-recommended-new-releases/">"The Best Of Italy's Wines - Highly Recommended New Releases"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123025018/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomhyland/2020/10/09/the-best-of-italys-wineshighly-recommended-new-releases/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Best+Of+Italy%27s+Wines+-+Highly+Recommended+New+Releases&rft.aulast=Hyland&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ftomhyland%2F2020%2F10%2F09%2Fthe-best-of-italys-wineshighly-recommended-new-releases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996307–308-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoplan1996307–308_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoplan1996">Koplan 1996</a>, pp. 307–308. </li> <li id="cite_note-p52mj-217"><a href="#cite_ref-p52mj_217-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Jackson1998" class="citation book cs1">Michael Jackson (1998). Le birre: oltre 600 marche e produttori di tutto il mondo. Milan: Vallardi. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788882112073" title="Special:BookSources/9788882112073"><bdi>9788882112073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+birre%3A+oltre+600+marche+e+produttori+di+tutto+il+mondo&rft.place=Milan&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Vallardi&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9788882112073&rft.au=Michael+Jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_218-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930185003/https://magazine.luxuryretreats.com/everything-need-know-drinking-limoncello-italy/">"Drinking Limoncello in Italy"</a>. Luxury Retreats Magazine. 8 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazine.luxuryretreats.com/everything-need-know-drinking-limoncello-italy/">the original</a> on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Luxury+Retreats+Magazine&rft.atitle=Drinking+Limoncello+in+Italy&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagazine.luxuryretreats.com%2Feverything-need-know-drinking-limoncello-italy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiras2000383-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiras2000383_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiras2000">Piras 2000</a>, p. 383. </li> <li id="cite_note-Atkin-220"><a href="#cite_ref-Atkin_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_AtkinThe_Observer2007" class="citation news cs1">Tim Atkin; The Observer (11 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/nov/11/foodanddrink1">"The fizz that's the bizz"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703005533/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/nov/11/foodanddrink1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+fizz+that%27s+the+bizz&rft.date=2007-11-11&rft.au=Tim+Atkin&rft.au=The+Observer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2007%2Fnov%2F11%2Ffoodanddrink1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dane-221"><a href="#cite_ref-Dane_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAna_Dane2006" class="citation web cs1">Ana Dane (3 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150913004621/http://www.thestreet.com/print/story/10272259.html">"Pop the Cork on Prosecco"</a>. TheStreet.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestreet.com/print/story/10272259.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pop+the+Cork+on+Prosecco&rft.pub=TheStreet.com&rft.date=2006-07-03&rft.au=Ana+Dane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestreet.com%2Fprint%2Fstory%2F10272259.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_222-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tim H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/364">Sweets: A History of Candy</a>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/364">364–365</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6"><bdi>1-58234-229-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweets%3A+A+History+of+Candy&rft.pages=364-365&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58234-229-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tim+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweets00timr%2Fpage%2F364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tim H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/119">Sweets: A History of Candy</a>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/119">119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6"><bdi>1-58234-229-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweets%3A+A+History+of+Candy&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58234-229-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tim+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweets00timr%2Fpage%2F119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accademia.me/news/gelato-artigianale-in-italia-business-da-4-7-miliardi-l-anno/">"Gelato artigianale in Italia, business da 4.7 miliardi l'anno"</a> (in Italian). 4 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114184500/https://www.accademia.me/news/gelato-artigianale-in-italia-business-da-4-7-miliardi-l-anno/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gelato+artigianale+in+Italia%2C+business+da+4.7+miliardi+l%27anno&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accademia.me%2Fnews%2Fgelato-artigianale-in-italia-business-da-4-7-miliardi-l-anno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pianetadonna.it/coppia/matrimonio/colore-confetti-significato.html">"Confetti: qual è il colore giusto per ogni festa e anniversario? Il significato del colore dei confetti"</a> (in Italian). 16 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129172545/https://www.pianetadonna.it/coppia/matrimonio/colore-confetti-significato.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confetti%3A+qual+%C3%A8+il+colore+giusto+per+ogni+festa+e+anniversario%3F+Il+significato+del+colore+dei+confetti&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pianetadonna.it%2Fcoppia%2Fmatrimonio%2Fcolore-confetti-significato.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tim H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/210">Sweets: A History of Candy</a>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/210">210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6"><bdi>1-58234-229-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweets%3A+A+History+of+Candy&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58234-229-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tim+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweets00timr%2Fpage%2F210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2001" class="citation book cs1">Long, C.M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=53lfUrSUA4YC&pg=PA67">Spiritual Merchants: Religion, Magic, and Commerce</a>. University of Tennessee Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57233-110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57233-110-5"><bdi>978-1-57233-110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spiritual+Merchants%3A+Religion%2C+Magic%2C+and+Commerce&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57233-110-5&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=C.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D53lfUrSUA4YC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2003" class="citation book cs1">Ball, A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504225448/https://books.google.com/books?id=tjI9YQBFDGYC&pg=PA579">Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices</a>. Our Sunday Visitor. p. 579. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-910-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-910-2"><bdi>978-0-87973-910-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tjI9YQBFDGYC&pg=PA579">the original</a> on 4 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Catholic+Devotions+and+Practices&rft.pages=579&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87973-910-2&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtjI9YQBFDGYC%26pg%3DPA579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanatella2011" class="citation book cs1">Canatella, R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=epd4SBAvxXMC&pg=PA131">The YAT Language of New Orleans</a>. iUniverse. pp. 131–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4620-3295-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4620-3295-2"><bdi>978-1-4620-3295-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+YAT+Language+of+New+Orleans&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E131-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4620-3295-2&rft.aulast=Canatella&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Depd4SBAvxXMC%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-230"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_230-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2015" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Ellen (2015). Donut Nation: A Cross-Country Guide to America's Best Donut Shops. <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a> p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-5525-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-5525-6"><bdi>978-0-7624-5525-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donut+Nation%3A+A+Cross-Country+Guide+to+America%27s+Best+Donut+Shops&rft.pub=Running+Press+p.+53&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-5525-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mangostano.eu/agnello">"Agnello a Pasqua, il suo significato"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113175151/http://www.mangostano.eu/agnello">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agnello+a+Pasqua%2C+il+suo+significato&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mangostano.eu%2Fagnello&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eataly.com/us_en/magazine/eataly-stories/colomba-easter-cake/">"Colomba: Italian Easter Cake"</a>. 17 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924190259/https://www.eataly.com/us_en/magazine/eataly-stories/colomba-easter-cake/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colomba%3A+Italian+Easter+Cake&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eataly.com%2Fus_en%2Fmagazine%2Feataly-stories%2Fcolomba-easter-cake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.focusjunior.it/comportamento/feste/pasqua/chi-ha-inventato-la-colomba-pasquale/">"Chi ha inventato la Ccolomba di Pasqua ?"</a> (in Italian). 26 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113175151/https://www.focusjunior.it/comportamento/feste/pasqua/chi-ha-inventato-la-colomba-pasquale/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chi+ha+inventato+la+Ccolomba+di+Pasqua+%3F&rft.date=2021-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.focusjunior.it%2Fcomportamento%2Ffeste%2Fpasqua%2Fchi-ha-inventato-la-colomba-pasquale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bigodino.it/cucina/perche-la-vigilia-di-natale-non-si-mangia-carne.html">"Perché la vigilia di Natale non si mangia carne?"</a> (in Italian). 24 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113175151/https://www.bigodino.it/cucina/perche-la-vigilia-di-natale-non-si-mangia-carne.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perch%C3%A9+la+vigilia+di+Natale+non+si+mangia+carne%3F&rft.date=2015-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigodino.it%2Fcucina%2Fperche-la-vigilia-di-natale-non-si-mangia-carne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metropolitanmagazine.it/panettone-pandoro-curiosita-differenze-natale/">"Natale, Panettone o Pandoro? Ecco le differenze e la loro storia"</a> (in Italian). 24 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113175154/https://metropolitanmagazine.it/panettone-pandoro-curiosita-differenze-natale/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natale%2C+Panettone+o+Pandoro%3F+Ecco+le+differenze+e+la+loro+storia&rft.date=2019-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetropolitanmagazine.it%2Fpanettone-pandoro-curiosita-differenze-natale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eritrealive.com/mulini-e-pasta-una-storia-coloniale-in-eritrea-e-nellaoi/">"Mulini e pasta, una storia coloniale in Eritrea e nell'AOI"</a> (in Italian). 17 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113181802/https://eritrealive.com/mulini-e-pasta-una-storia-coloniale-in-eritrea-e-nellaoi/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mulini+e+pasta%2C+una+storia+coloniale+in+Eritrea+e+nell%27AOI&rft.date=2021-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feritrealive.com%2Fmulini-e-pasta-una-storia-coloniale-in-eritrea-e-nellaoi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.identitagolose.it/sito/it/107/9828/giovanna-a-capo-tavola/litalia-in-sudafrica.html">"L'Italia in Sudafrica"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113181801/https://www.identitagolose.it/sito/it/107/9828/giovanna-a-capo-tavola/litalia-in-sudafrica.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Italia+in+Sudafrica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.identitagolose.it%2Fsito%2Fit%2F107%2F9828%2Fgiovanna-a-capo-tavola%2Flitalia-in-sudafrica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/it/production/south-african-olive-oil/17541">"L'olio d'oliva sudafricano diventa selvaggio"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113181801/https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/it/production/south-african-olive-oil/17541">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27olio+d%27oliva+sudafricano+diventa+selvaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oliveoiltimes.com%2Fit%2Fproduction%2Fsouth-african-olive-oil%2F17541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondointasca.it/2015/09/14/sudafrica-re-olio-d-oliva/">"L'olio d'oliva sudafricano diventa selvaggioIl Sudafrica è il re dell'olio d'oliva"</a> (in Italian). 14 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113181801/https://mondointasca.it/2015/09/14/sudafrica-re-olio-d-oliva/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27olio+d%27oliva+sudafricano+diventa+selvaggioIl+Sudafrica+%C3%A8+il+re+dell%27olio+d%27oliva&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmondointasca.it%2F2015%2F09%2F14%2Fsudafrica-re-olio-d-oliva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guide-europe.info/cucina-croata/">"Cucina Croata. I piatti della cucina della Croazia"</a> (in Italian). 19 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126200437/https://www.guide-europe.info/cucina-croata/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cucina+Croata.+I+piatti+della+cucina+della+Croazia&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guide-europe.info%2Fcucina-croata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-istriana-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-istriana_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-istriana_241-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/cucina-triestina-istriana-e-dalmata/">"I sopravvissuti: i 10 gioielli della cucina istriana"</a> (in Italian). 23 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126202653/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/news/in-primo-piano/cucina-triestina-istriana-e-dalmata/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+sopravvissuti%3A+i+10+gioielli+della+cucina+istriana&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fin-primo-piano%2Fcucina-triestina-istriana-e-dalmata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanetitalia.it/articoli/cucina-del-mondo/assaporate-il-cibo-dell-istria-il-paradiso-gastronomico-della-croazia">"Assaporate il cibo dell'Istria: il paradiso gastronomico della Croazia"</a> (in Italian). 21 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202151028/https://www.lonelyplanetitalia.it/articoli/cucina-del-mondo/assaporate-il-cibo-dell-istria-il-paradiso-gastronomico-della-croazia">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assaporate+il+cibo+dell%27Istria%3A+il+paradiso+gastronomico+della+Croazia&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanetitalia.it%2Farticoli%2Fcucina-del-mondo%2Fassaporate-il-cibo-dell-istria-il-paradiso-gastronomico-della-croazia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanieli2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Danieli, Susanna (27 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissapore.com/cucina/cucina-croata-piatti-tipici-da-provare/">"I 20 piatti tipici della Croazia da non perdersi"</a>. Dissapore (in Italian). Retrieved 28 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dissapore&rft.atitle=I+20+piatti+tipici+della+Croazia+da+non+perdersi&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.aulast=Danieli&rft.aufirst=Susanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissapore.com%2Fcucina%2Fcucina-croata-piatti-tipici-da-provare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taccuinigastrosofici.it/ita/news/contemporanea/cucine-internazionali/CORSICA-la-genuina.html">"Storia cucina corsa"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113182516/https://www.taccuinigastrosofici.it/ita/news/contemporanea/cucine-internazionali/CORSICA-la-genuina.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Storia+cucina+corsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taccuinigastrosofici.it%2Fita%2Fnews%2Fcontemporanea%2Fcucine-internazionali%2FCORSICA-la-genuina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/la-cucina-nizzarda-punta-al-patrimonio-unesco-un-esempio-di-protezione-della-tradizione-che-guarda-al-futuro/">"La cucina nizzarda punta al Patrimonio Unesco. Un esempio di protezione della tradizione che guarda al futuro"</a> (in Italian). 22 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126221806/https://www.gamberorosso.it/notizie/la-cucina-nizzarda-punta-al-patrimonio-unesco-un-esempio-di-protezione-della-tradizione-che-guarda-al-futuro/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+cucina+nizzarda+punta+al+Patrimonio+Unesco.+Un+esempio+di+protezione+della+tradizione+che+guarda+al+futuro&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamberorosso.it%2Fnotizie%2Fla-cucina-nizzarda-punta-al-patrimonio-unesco-un-esempio-di-protezione-della-tradizione-che-guarda-al-futuro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tur-246"><a href="#cite_ref-tur_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009130921/http://www.malta-turismo.com/web/it/malta/cucina.html">"La Cucina Maltese"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malta-turismo.com/web/it/malta/cucina.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Cucina+Maltese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malta-turismo.com%2Fweb%2Fit%2Fmalta%2Fcucina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170318202750/https://www.youtube/">"Welcome to the Petabox"</a>. www.youtube. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube/">the original</a> on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Petabox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roufs_Roufs_2014-248"><a href="#cite_ref-Roufs_Roufs_2014_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoufsRoufs2014" class="citation book cs1">Roufs, T.G.; Roufs, K.S. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M_eCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA198">Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-221-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-221-2"><bdi>978-1-61069-221-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155842/https://books.google.com/books?id=M_eCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA198">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweet+Treats+around+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Culture&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-221-2&rft.aulast=Roufs&rft.aufirst=T.G.&rft.au=Roufs%2C+K.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM_eCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall_Cavendish_2010-249"><a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_Cavendish_2010_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xcYVmUyHG2AC&pg=PA855">World and Its Peoples</a>. World and Its Peoples: Europe. Marshall Cavendish Reference. 2010. p. 855. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7893-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7893-5"><bdi>978-0-7614-7893-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215124627/https://books.google.com/books?id=xcYVmUyHG2AC&pg=PA855">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples&rft.series=World+and+Its+Peoples%3A+Europe&rft.pages=855&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Reference&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7893-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxcYVmUyHG2AC%26pg%3DPA855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jakarta_Post_2017-250"><a href="#cite_ref-Jakarta_Post_2017_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/03/07/san-marino-a-small-fairy-tale-land.html">"San Marino: A small, fairy tale land"</a>. The Jakarta Post. 7 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111406/http://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/03/07/san-marino-a-small-fairy-tale-land.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=San+Marino%3A+A+small%2C+fairy+tale+land&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Ftravel%2F2017%2F03%2F07%2Fsan-marino-a-small-fairy-tale-land.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBP_2013-251"><a href="#cite_ref-IBP_2013_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AotI1lQX4z0C&pg=PA42">San Marino Business Law Handbook: Strategic Information and Laws</a>. International Business Publications USA. 2013. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-7092-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-7092-5"><bdi>978-1-4387-7092-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Marino+Business+Law+Handbook%3A+Strategic+Information+and+Laws&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=International+Business+Publications+USA&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-7092-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAotI1lQX4z0C%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Cuhaj_Michael_2011-252"><a href="#cite_ref-Cuhaj_Michael_2011_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuhajMichael2011" class="citation book cs1">Cuhaj, G.S.; Michael, T. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-UkDdufnmsEC&pg=PT159">Coins of the World: Italy, San Marino, Vatican</a>. F+W Media. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-3139-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-3139-1"><bdi>978-1-4402-3139-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coins+of+the+World%3A+Italy%2C+San+Marino%2C+Vatican&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=F%2BW+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4402-3139-1&rft.aulast=Cuhaj&rft.aufirst=G.S.&rft.au=Michael%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-UkDdufnmsEC%26pg%3DPT159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.healthy-food-near-me.com/what-is-worth-trying-in-slovenia/">"Cosa vale la pena provare in Slovenia ?"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126195933/https://it.healthy-food-near-me.com/what-is-worth-trying-in-slovenia/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cosa+vale+la+pena+provare+in+Slovenia+%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.healthy-food-near-me.com%2Fwhat-is-worth-trying-in-slovenia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moldrek.com/ricette_slovenia.htm">"La cucina slovena"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319072926/https://www.moldrek.com/ricette_slovenia.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+cucina+slovena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moldrek.com%2Fricette_slovenia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoteli-bernardin.si/it/blog/gastronomia/1961-Selezione-culinaria-dell-Istria-Slovena">"Selezione culinaria dell' Istria Slovena"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126201627/https://www.hoteli-bernardin.si/it/blog/gastronomia/1961-Selezione-culinaria-dell-Istria-Slovena">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selezione+culinaria+dell%27+Istria+Slovena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoteli-bernardin.si%2Fit%2Fblog%2Fgastronomia%2F1961-Selezione-culinaria-dell-Istria-Slovena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/storie/ristoranti/ticino-meta-gourmet-ristoranti/">"Ticino, meta gourmet in crescita: i ristoranti da non perdere"</a> (in Italian). 22 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126182649/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/storie/ristoranti/ticino-meta-gourmet-ristoranti/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ticino%2C+meta+gourmet+in+crescita%3A+i+ristoranti+da+non+perdere&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fstorie%2Fristoranti%2Fticino-meta-gourmet-ristoranti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExpatica2022" class="citation web cs1">Expatica (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expatica.com/ch/lifestyle/food-drink/top-swiss-foods-with-recipes-108667/">"The top 10 Swiss foods – with recipes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+top+10+Swiss+foods+%E2%80%93+with+recipes&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Expatica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatica.com%2Fch%2Flifestyle%2Ffood-drink%2Ftop-swiss-foods-with-recipes-108667%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsi-258">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rsi_258-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsi_258-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsi.ch/food/serie/filo-diretto/Bruscitt-con-polenta-di-mais-corvino-e-carciofi-croccanti--720672.html">"Bruscitt con polenta di mais corvino e carciofi croccanti"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 19 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bruscitt+con+polenta+di+mais+corvino+e+carciofi+croccanti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsi.ch%2Ffood%2Fserie%2Ffilo-diretto%2FBruscitt-con-polenta-di-mais-corvino-e-carciofi-croccanti--720672.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Busto_Arsizio-259"><a href="#cite_ref-Busto_Arsizio_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacucinaitaliana.it/ricetta/secondi/bruscitti-di-busto-arsizio/">"Bruscitti di Busto Arsizio"</a> (in Italian). 29 April 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bruscitti+di+Busto+Arsizio&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fricetta%2Fsecondi%2Fbruscitti-di-busto-arsizio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-giallozafferano-260"><a href="#cite_ref-giallozafferano_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricette.giallozafferano.it/Polenta-e-bruscitt.html">"Polenta e bruscitt"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 17 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polenta+e+bruscitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fricette.giallozafferano.it%2FPolenta-e-bruscitt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petitchef.it/ricette/portata-principale/bruscitt-con-pure-fid-1197572">"Bruscitt con purè"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 17 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bruscitt+con+pur%C3%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.petitchef.it%2Fricette%2Fportata-principale%2Fbruscitt-con-pure-fid-1197572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontany2011" class="citation news cs1">Montany, Gail (19 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130083057/http://www.aspenbusinessjournal.com/article/id/736/sid/16">"Lidia Bastianich on the quintessential Italian meal"</a>. The Aspen Business Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspenbusinessjournal.com/article/id/736/sid/16">the original</a> on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Aspen+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Lidia+Bastianich+on+the+quintessential+Italian+meal&rft.date=2011-06-19&rft.aulast=Montany&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspenbusinessjournal.com%2Farticle%2Fid%2F736%2Fsid%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> Stradley, Linda. "Pizza - History & Legends of Pizza". What's Cooking America. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 January 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-lightups-264">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lightups_264-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lightups_264-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.lightups.io/easy-mexican-torta-de-milanesa-recipe">"Ricetta facile della torta alla milanese messicana"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113184115/https://it.lightups.io/easy-mexican-torta-de-milanesa-recipe">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ricetta+facile+della+torta+alla+milanese+messicana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.lightups.io%2Feasy-mexican-torta-de-milanesa-recipe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agrodolce.it/speciali/cucina-argentina-2/">"Cucina Argentina"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113191100/https://www.agrodolce.it/speciali/cucina-argentina-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cucina+Argentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrodolce.it%2Fspeciali%2Fcucina-argentina-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527001602/http://yosoymukenio.blogspot.com/2005/10/la-verdad-de-la-milanesa.html">"La verdad de la milanesa"</a> [The truth of the milanesa]. En Pampa y la vía [In Pampa and the road] (in Spanish). 8 October 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosoymukenio.blogspot.com/2005/10/la-verdad-de-la-milanesa.html">the original</a> on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=En+Pampa+y+la+v%C3%ADa+%5BIn+Pampa+and+the+road%5D&rft.atitle=La+verdad+de+la+milanesa&rft.date=2005-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyosoymukenio.blogspot.com%2F2005%2F10%2Fla-verdad-de-la-milanesa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agrodolce.it/ricette/noquis-caceros/">"Noquis caceros, come vedono gli gnocchi gli argentini"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113191100/https://www.agrodolce.it/ricette/noquis-caceros/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Noquis+caceros%2C+come+vedono+gli+gnocchi+gli+argentini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrodolce.it%2Fricette%2Fnoquis-caceros%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-askanews-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-askanews_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-askanews_268-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.askanews.it/esteri/2018/10/16/brasile-a-san-paolo-la-settimana-della-cucina-regionale-italiana-pn_20181016_00072/">"Brasile, a San Paolo la settimana della Cucina regionale italiana"</a> (in Italian). 16 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113191101/https://www.askanews.it/esteri/2018/10/16/brasile-a-san-paolo-la-settimana-della-cucina-regionale-italiana-pn_20181016_00072/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brasile%2C+a+San+Paolo+la+settimana+della+Cucina+regionale+italiana&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.askanews.it%2Festeri%2F2018%2F10%2F16%2Fbrasile-a-san-paolo-la-settimana-della-cucina-regionale-italiana-pn_20181016_00072%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ristonews.com/sezione.asp?IdPost=828&M=Ristonews&C=Interviste%20e%20opinioni">"Pizza in Brasile? Un'istituzione a San Paolo"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113191100/http://www.ristonews.com/sezione.asp?IdPost=828&M=Ristonews&C=Interviste%20e%20opinioni">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pizza+in+Brasile%3F+Un%27istituzione+a+San+Paolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ristonews.com%2Fsezione.asp%3FIdPost%3D828%26M%3DRistonews%26C%3DInterviste%2520e%2520opinioni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-genteditalia-270">^ <a href="#cite_ref-genteditalia_270-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-genteditalia_270-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genteditalia.org/2021/05/08/carne-si-ma-sempre-con-pasta-milanesa-faina-tallarines-con-tuco-e-il-29-di-ogni-mese-gnocchi/">"Carne sí, ma sempre con pasta, milanesa, fainá, tallarines con tuco e il 29 di ogni mese, gnocchi"</a> (in Italian). 8 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127220925/https://www.genteditalia.org/2021/05/08/carne-si-ma-sempre-con-pasta-milanesa-faina-tallarines-con-tuco-e-il-29-di-ogni-mese-gnocchi/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carne+s%C3%AD%2C+ma+sempre+con+pasta%2C+milanesa%2C+fain%C3%A1%2C+tallarines+con+tuco+e+il+29+di+ogni+mese%2C+gnocchi&rft.date=2021-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genteditalia.org%2F2021%2F05%2F08%2Fcarne-si-ma-sempre-con-pasta-milanesa-faina-tallarines-con-tuco-e-il-29-di-ogni-mese-gnocchi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dizionario-271">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dizionario_271-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dizionario_271-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://italiauruguay.net/dizionario-gastronomico-italia-uruguay/">"Dizionario Gastronomico Italia-Uruguay"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127220925/http://italiauruguay.net/dizionario-gastronomico-italia-uruguay/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Gastronomico+Italia-Uruguay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitaliauruguay.net%2Fdizionario-gastronomico-italia-uruguay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LP-272"><a href="#cite_ref-LP_272-0">^</a> Kohnstamm, Thomas; Kohn, Beth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ek_-oO0xYoIC&pg=PA48">"Venezuela."</a> Lonely Planet. Accessed October 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero1998" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Aldemaro (21 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020323232700/http://200.44.123.155/1998/06/21/opinion/aldemaro_romero/index.html">"Pasticho"</a>. notitarde.com (Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://200.44.123.155/1998/06/21/opinion/aldemaro_romero/index.html">the original</a> on 23 March 2002. Retrieved 28 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasticho&rft.pub=notitarde.com+%28Spanish%29&rft.date=1998-06-21&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Aldemaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F200.44.123.155%2F1998%2F06%2F21%2Fopinion%2Faldemaro_romero%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-41437490">"¿Por qué los argentinos comen ñoquis el 29 de cada mes y qué tiene que ver eso con los empleados públicos?"</a>. BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126151248/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-41437490">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Mundo&rft.atitle=%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+los+argentinos+comen+%C3%B1oquis+el+29+de+cada+mes+y+qu%C3%A9+tiene+que+ver+eso+con+los+empleados+p%C3%BAblicos%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias-america-latina-41437490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latercera.com/paula/noquis-el-29/">"Ñoquis el 29"</a> (in Spanish). 3 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719011109/https://www.latercera.com/paula/noquis-el-29/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%91oquis+el+29&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latercera.com%2Fpaula%2Fnoquis-el-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ultimahora.com/el-noquis-cada-29-n949038.html">"El ñoquis de cada 29"</a> (in Spanish). 29 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719011113/https://www.ultimahora.com/el-noquis-cada-29-n949038.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+%C3%B1oquis+de+cada+29&rft.date=2015-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ultimahora.com%2Fel-noquis-cada-29-n949038.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alimentacionsana-277">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alimentacionsana_277-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alimentacionsana_277-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetryk" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petryk, Norberto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alimentacion-sana.com.ar/informaciones/Chef/noquis.htm">"Los ñoquis del 29"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101071413/http://www.alimentacion-sana.com.ar/informaciones/Chef/noquis.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+%C3%B1oquis+del+29&rft.aulast=Petryk&rft.aufirst=Norberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alimentacion-sana.com.ar%2Finformaciones%2FChef%2Fnoquis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/2004/07/29/129352-noquis-del-29-origen-una-tradicion-milenaria/">"Ñoquis del 29: origen de una tradición milenaria"</a> (in Spanish). 29 July 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155842/https://www.infobae.com/2004/07/29/129352-noquis-del-29-origen-una-tradicion-milenaria/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%91oquis+del+29%3A+origen+de+una+tradici%C3%B3n+milenaria&rft.date=2004-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2F2004%2F07%2F29%2F129352-noquis-del-29-origen-una-tradicion-milenaria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazzettadelgusto.it/vagabbondare/cucina-australiana-6-specialita-da-provare/">"La cucina australiana tra piatti tipici e tradizioni locali"</a> (in Italian). 6 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215151109/https://www.gazzettadelgusto.it/vagabbondare/cucina-australiana-6-specialita-da-provare/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+cucina+australiana+tra+piatti+tipici+e+tradizioni+locali&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazzettadelgusto.it%2Fvagabbondare%2Fcucina-australiana-6-specialita-da-provare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chowhound-280"><a href="#cite_ref-Chowhound_280-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaminski2006" class="citation web cs1">Kaminski, Margot (12 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53553/fake-accent/">"Fake Accent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chowhound" title="Chowhound">Chowhound</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520053517/https://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53553/fake-accent/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chowhound&rft.atitle=Fake+Accent&rft.date=2006-10-12&rft.aulast=Kaminski&rft.aufirst=Margot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chowhound.com%2Ffood-news%2F53553%2Ffake-accent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58875263">"I Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Mail_(Adelaide)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mail (Adelaide)">The Mail (Adelaide)</a>. Vol. 43, no. 2, 164. South Australia. 28 November 1953. p. 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155944/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/58875263">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2019 – via National Library of Australia. <q>They ask for steak and eggs, but change to Chicken Parmigiana when the waiter explains that it's chicken cooked in light wine and served with grated cheese.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mail+%28Adelaide%29&rft.atitle=I+Say&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2%2C+164&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1953-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article58875263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baristabasics.com.au/?Half-a-Century-of-Austalian-Espresso,-Bean-Scene,-Winter,-2006;News;112">"Half a Century of Australian Espresso"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215151109/https://www.baristabasics.com.au/?Half-a-Century-of-Austalian-Espresso,-Bean-Scene,-Winter,-2006;News;112">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Half+a+Century+of+Australian+Espresso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baristabasics.com.au%2F%3FHalf-a-Century-of-Austalian-Espresso%2C-Bean-Scene%2C-Winter%2C-2006%3BNews%3B112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy_Whitmey" class="citation journal cs1">Tracy Whitmey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuisine.co.nz/the-italian-job/">"THE ITALIAN JOB"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_(magazine)" title="Cuisine (magazine)">Cuisine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cuisine&rft.atitle=THE+ITALIAN+JOB&rft.au=Tracy+Whitmey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuisine.co.nz%2Fthe-italian-job%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/italians">"Story: Italians"</a>. Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Story%3A+Italians&rft.pub=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fitalians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoni1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boni, Ada (1983) [1930]. La Cucina Romana (in Italian). Roma: Newton Compton Editori. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8862630030" title="Special:BookSources/978-8862630030"><bdi>978-8862630030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Cucina+Romana&rft.place=Roma&rft.pub=Newton+Compton+Editori&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-8862630030&rft.aulast=Boni&rft.aufirst=Ada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapatti2003" class="citation book cs1">Capatti, Alberto; Montanari, Massimo (2003). Italian Cuisine: a Cultural History. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12232-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12232-2"><bdi>0-231-12232-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Cuisine%3A+a+Cultural+History&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-231-12232-2&rft.aulast=Capatti&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.au=Montanari%2C+Massimo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_David" title="Elizabeth David">David, Elizabeth</a> (1988) [1950]. <a href="/wiki/A_Book_of_Mediterranean_Food" title="A Book of Mediterranean Food">A Book of Mediterranean Food</a>. Dorling Kindersley [John Lehmann]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-027328-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-027328-1"><bdi>978-0-14-027328-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+Mediterranean+Food&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+%5BJohn+Lehmann%5D&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-14-027328-1&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDel_Conte2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Del_Conte" title="Anna Del Conte">Del Conte, Anna</a> (2004). The Concise Gastronomy of Italy. Barnes & Noble Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86205-662-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-86205-662-5"><bdi>1-86205-662-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Gastronomy+of+Italy&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-86205-662-5&rft.aulast=Del+Conte&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickie2008" class="citation book cs1">Dickie, John (2008). Delizia! The Epic History of Italians and Their Food. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7807-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7807-2"><bdi>978-0-7432-7807-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delizia%21+The+Epic+History+of+Italians+and+Their+Food&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7807-2&rft.aulast=Dickie&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2000" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Matthew; Cossi, Gabriella; D'Onghia, Peter (2000). World Food Italy. Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86450-022-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-86450-022-0"><bdi>1-86450-022-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Food+Italy&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications+Pty+Ltd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-86450-022-0&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Cossi%2C+Gabriella&rft.au=D%27Onghia%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaccioli1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Faccioli, Emilio (1987). L'Arte della Cucina in Italia (in Italian). Einaudi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8806598808" title="Special:BookSources/978-8806598808"><bdi>978-8806598808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Arte+della+Cucina+in+Italia&rft.pub=Einaudi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-8806598808&rft.aulast=Faccioli&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazan1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcella_Hazan" title="Marcella Hazan">Hazan, Marcella</a> (1992). Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58404-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58404-1"><bdi>978-0-394-58404-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Classic+Italian+Cooking&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-394-58404-1&rft.aulast=Hazan&rft.aufirst=Marcella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoplan1996" class="citation book cs1">Koplan, Steven; Smith, Brian; Weiss, Michael (1996). Exploring Wine. Van Nostrand Reinhold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-35295-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-35295-0"><bdi>0-471-35295-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Wine&rft.pub=Van+Nostrand+Reinhold&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-471-35295-0&rft.aulast=Koplan&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Smith%2C+Brian&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiras2000" class="citation book cs1">Piras, Claudia; Medagliani, Eugenio (2000). Culinaria Italy. Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbh. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8290-2901-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-8290-2901-2"><bdi>3-8290-2901-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culinaria+Italy&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nemann+Verlagsgesellschaft+mbh&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-8290-2901-2&rft.aulast=Piras&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft.au=Medagliani%2C+Eugenio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrissie_McClatchie2023" class="citation web cs1">Chrissie McClatchie (9 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230308-europes-forgotten-transalpine-cuisine">"The return of Europe's colourless food: Europe's forgotten transalpine cuisine (cucina bianca)"</a>. BBC World's Table.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+World%27s+Table&rft.atitle=The+return+of+Europe%27s+colourless+food%3A+Europe%27s+forgotten+transalpine+cuisine+%28cucina+bianca%29&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.au=Chrissie+McClatchie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20230308-europes-forgotten-transalpine-cuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Riley" title="Gillian Riley">Riley, Gillian</a> (2007). The Oxford Companion to Italian Food. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860617-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860617-8"><bdi>978-0-19-860617-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Italian+Food&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860617-8&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Italian_Academy_of_Cuisine_(Accademia_Italiana_della_Cucina)2009" class="citation book cs1">The Italian Academy of Cuisine (Accademia Italiana della Cucina) (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780847831470">La Cucina: The Regional Cooking of Italy</a>. Trans. Jay Hyams. New York: Rizzoli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3147-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3147-0"><bdi>978-0-8478-3147-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/303040489">303040489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Cucina%3A+The+Regional+Cooking+of+Italy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F303040489&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-3147-0&rft.au=The+Italian+Academy+of+Cuisine+%28Accademia+Italiana+della+Cucina%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780847831470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThoms2011" class="citation book cs1">Thoms, Ulrike (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2011051250">From Migrant Food to Lifestyle Cooking: The Career of Italian Cuisine in Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_European_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of European History">Institute of European History</a>. Retrieved 22 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Migrant+Food+to+Lifestyle+Cooking%3A+The+Career+of+Italian+Cuisine+in+Europe&rft.pub=Institute+of+European+History&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Thoms&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbn-resolving.de%2Furn%3Anbn%3Ade%3A0159-2011051250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cuisine of Italy">Cuisine of Italy</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cuisine_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of Italy"> Cuisine of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Italian_Cooking" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Italian Cooking"> Italian Cooking</a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Italy#Q192786" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Cuisine of Italy">Cuisine of Italy</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/italian-food-world-s-most-influential-food">"Italian Food – World's Most Influential Food"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thrillist" title="Thrillist">Thrillist</a>. 22 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+Food+%E2%80%93+World%27s+Most+Influential+Food&rft.pub=Thrillist&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thrillist.com%2Feat%2Fnation%2Fitalian-food-world-s-most-influential-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_of_Italy318" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy" title="Template:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_of_Italy318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisines_of_medieval_Europe#Italy" title="Regional cuisines of medieval Europe">Medieval cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine#Italy" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern cuisine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Contemporary cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pasta and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta" title="List of pasta">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag%C3%B9" title="Ragù">Ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struncatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Struncatura">Struncatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrabbiata_sauce" title="Arrabbiata sauce">Arrabbiata sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatriciana_sauce" title="Amatriciana sauce">Amatriciana sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinara_sauce" title="Marinara sauce">Marinara sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_sauce" title="Genovese sauce">Genovese sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_sauce" title="Bolognese sauce">Bolognese sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checca_sauce" title="Checca sauce">Checca sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo">Fettuccine Alfredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi" title="Pasta con i peperoni cruschi">Pasta con i peperoni cruschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_le_sarde" title="Pasta con le sarde">Pasta con le sarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_al_pomodoro" title="Pasta al pomodoro">Pasta al pomodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigatoni_con_la_Pajata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigatoni con la Pajata">Rigatoni con la Pajata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacio_e_pepe" title="Cacio e pepe">Cacio e pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio" title="Spaghetti aglio e olio">Spaghetti aglio e olio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">Spaghetti alla puttanesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_allo_scarpariello" title="Pasta allo scarpariello">Pasta allo scarpariello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alle_vongole" title="Spaghetti alle vongole">Spaghetti alle vongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumact_me_tulez" title="Tumact me tulez">Tumact me tulez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_soups" title="List of Italian soups">Soups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_alla_Canavese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup alla Canavese">Soup alla canavese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_alla_modenese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup alla modenese">Soup alla modenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquacotta" title="Acquacotta">Acquacotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnun" title="Bagnun">Bagnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minestrone" title="Minestrone">Minestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">Ribollita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other dishes (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbacchio" title="Abbacchio">Abbacchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">Bagna càuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braciola" title="Braciola">Braciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruschetta" title="Bruschetta">Bruschetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">Cotoletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotoletta alla milanese">Cotoletta alla milanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crostino" class="mw-redirect" title="Crostino">Crostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollito_misto" title="Bollito misto">Bollito misto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_lucana" title="Baccalà alla lucana">Baccalà alla lucana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_vicentina" title="Baccalà alla vicentina">Baccalà alla vicentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciatore" title="Cacciatore">Cacciatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciucco" title="Cacciucco">Cacciucco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">Caponata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappon_magro" title="Cappon magro">Cappon magro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprese_salad" title="Caprese salad">Caprese salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_romana" title="Carciofi alla romana">Carciofi alla romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">Carpaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carne_pizzaiola" class="mw-redirect" title="Carne pizzaiola">Carne pizzaiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoeula" title="Cassoeula">Cassoeula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciambotta" title="Ciambotta">Ciambotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciccioli" title="Ciccioli">Ciccioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_alla_vaccinara" title="Coda alla vaccinara">Coda alla vaccinara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bone_steak" title="T-bone steak">Fiorentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frico" title="Frico">Frico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittata" title="Frittata">Frittata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittola_(meat_dish)" title="Frittola (meat dish)">Frittola (meat dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittola_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frittola (doughnut)">Frittola (doughnut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_stew" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian stew">Istrian stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampredotto" title="Lampredotto">Lampredotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">Porchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzanella" title="Panzanella">Panzanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmigiana" title="Parmigiana">Parmigiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">Ossobuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orzotto" title="Orzotto">Orzotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafanata" title="Rafanata">Rafanata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollatini" title="Rollatini">Rollatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltimbocca" title="Saltimbocca">Saltimbocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaloppine" title="Scaloppine">Scaloppine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitello_tonnato" title="Vitello tonnato">Vitello tonnato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pizza and street food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">al taglio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re" title="Pissaladière">Piscialandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocch%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocchè">Crocchè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC" title="Supplì">Supplì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittula_(meat_dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frittula (meat dish)">Frittula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Panelle">Panelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramezzino" title="Tramezzino">Tramezzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zippuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Zippuli">Zippuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and charcuterie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_cheeses" title="List of Italian cheeses">Cheeses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_PDO_cheeses" title="List of Italian PDO cheeses">PDO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastry and desserts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_desserts_and_pastries" title="List of Italian desserts and pastries">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombolone (doughnut)">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttiboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruttiboni">Bruttiboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccellato" title="Buccellato">Buccellato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budino" title="Budino">Budino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Cantuccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">Cassata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassatella_di_sant%27Agata" title="Cassatella di sant'Agata">Cassatella di sant'Agata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castagnaccio" title="Castagnaccio">Castagnaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavallucci" title="Cavallucci">Cavallucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colomba_di_Pasqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Colomba di Pasqua">Colomba di Pasqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crostata" title="Crostata">Crostata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_of_Caltanissetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocetta of Caltanissetta">Crocetta of Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">Gelato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granita" title="Granita">Granita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattachecca" title="Grattachecca">Grattachecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustacciuoli" title="Mustacciuoli">Mustacciuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_ice_cream" title="Neapolitan ice cream">Neapolitan ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neccio" title="Neccio">Neccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">Pandoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panforte" title="Panforte">Panforte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panna_cotta" title="Panna cotta">Panna cotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panpepato" title="Panpepato">Panpepato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastiera" title="Pastiera">Pastiera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolata" title="Pignolata">Pignolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciarelli" title="Ricciarelli">Ricciarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seada" title="Seada">Seada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semifreddo" title="Semifreddo">Semifreddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">Sfogliatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbet" title="Sorbet">Sorbetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spumoni" title="Spumoni">Spumoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">Struffoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartufo" title="Tartufo">Tartufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">Tiramisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Torrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">Torta caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaione" title="Zabaione">Zabaione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">Zeppole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotto" title="Zuccotto">Zuccotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuppa_Inglese" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuppa Inglese">Zuppa Inglese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlengo" title="Borlengo">Borlengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadstick" title="Breadstick">Breadstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciabatta" title="Ciabatta">Ciabatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppia_Ferrarese" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppia Ferrarese">Coppia Ferrarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filone" title="Filone">Filone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michetta" title="Michetta">Michetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_di_Altamura" title="Pane di Altamura">Pane di Altamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_sciocco" title="Pane sciocco">Pane sciocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgabeo" title="Sgabeo">Sgabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taralli" title="Taralli">Taralli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Varieties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_IGT_wines" title="List of Italian IGT wines">IGT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOCG_wines" title="List of Italian DOCG wines">DOCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines" title="List of Italian DOC wines">DOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_(wine_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo (wine region)">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_wine" title="Calabrian wine">Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine">Friulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardia (wine)">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_wine" title="Tuscan wine">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_wine" title="Venetian wine">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritz_(cocktail)" title="Spritz (cocktail)">Spritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernet" title="Fernet">Fernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperol" title="Aperol">Aperol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynar" title="Cynar">Cynar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaro_(liqueur)" title="Amaro (liqueur)">Amaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerbe" title="Centerbe">Centerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargnolino" title="Bargnolino">Bargnolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strega_(liqueur)" title="Strega (liqueur)">Strega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosolio" title="Rosolio">Rosolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliano_(liqueur)" title="Galliano (liqueur)">Galliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchermes" title="Alchermes">Alchermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurum_(liqueur)" title="Aurum (liqueur)">Aurum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coffee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Caffè">Caffè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lungo" title="Lungo">Lungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">Ristretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppio" title="Doppio">Doppio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espressino" title="Espressino">Espressino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">Cappuccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte" title="Latte">Caffelatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_macchiato" title="Latte macchiato">Latte macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato" title="Caffè macchiato">Caffè macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_corretto" title="Caffè corretto">Caffè corretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affogato" title="Affogato">Affogato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocaccino" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocaccino">Mocaccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchino" title="Marocchino">Marocchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">Bicerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbajada" title="Barbajada">Barbajada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardino" title="Bombardino">Bombardino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grano_arso" title="Grano arso">Grano arso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_food_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian food products">Italian food products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine" title="Sausages in Italian cuisine">Sausages in Italian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteria" title="Osteria">Osteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">Trattoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoteca" title="Enoteca">Enoteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagra_(festival)" title="Sagra (festival)">Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_chefs" title="List of Italian chefs">List of Italian chefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List of Italian foods and drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Meal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines378" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines378" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" title="Category:Cuisine">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mediterranean_cuisine100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Template:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Template talk:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mediterranean_cuisine100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">Maghrebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakhchoukha" title="Chakhchoukha">Chakhchoukha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazin_(bread)" title="Bazin (bread)">Bazin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9choui" title="Méchoui">Méchoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajine">Tajine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Mulukhiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mansaf" title="Mansaf">Mansaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">Musakhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine#Cheeses" title="Turkish cuisine">Cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine#Kebabs" title="Turkish cuisine">Kebabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyros_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyros (food)">Gyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_salad" title="Greek salad">Greek salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifado" class="mw-redirect" title="Stifado">Stifado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skordalia" title="Skordalia">Skordalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukaniko" title="Loukaniko">Loukaniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Ionian islands">Ionian Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourdeto" title="Bourdeto">Bourdeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastitsada" title="Pastitsada">Pastitsada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Crete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakos" title="Dakos">Dakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximathia" title="Paximathia">Paximadi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian and Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Moussaka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_di_Campotosto" title="Mortadella di Campotosto">Mortadella di Campotosto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccheroni_alla_chitarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Maccheroni alla chitarra">Maccheroni alla chitarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciuppin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciuppin">Ciuppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">Ravioli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinian cuisine">Sardinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malloreddus" title="Malloreddus">Malloreddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto (liqueur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbamele" title="Abbamele">Abbamele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecorino_sardo" title="Pecorino sardo">Pecorino sardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culurgi%C3%B2nes" class="mw-redirect" title="Culurgiònes">Culurgiònes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottarga" title="Bottarga">Bottarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seada" title="Seada">Seada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">Caponata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscan cuisine">Tuscan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">Ribollita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_cuisine" title="Venetian cuisine">Venetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">Carpaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocciu" title="Brocciu">Brocciu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandade" title="Brandade">Brandade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provencal_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Provencal cuisine">Provencal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouillabaisse" title="Bouillabaisse">Bouillabaisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille" title="Ratatouille">Ratatouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salade_ni%C3%A7oise" title="Salade niçoise">Salade niçoise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">Gazpacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldereta" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldereta">Caldereta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombet" title="Tombet">Tombet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalivada" title="Escalivada">Escalivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escudella_i_carn_d%27olla" class="mw-redirect" title="Escudella i carn d'olla">Escudella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollada" title="Ollada">Ollada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelia" title="Afelia">Afelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anise spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottarga" title="Bottarga">Bottarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_David" title="Elizabeth David">Elizabeth David</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Book_of_Mediterranean_Food" title="A Book of Mediterranean Food">A Book of Mediterranean Food</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Category:Mediterranean cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_cuisine367" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_topic" title="Template:European topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_topic" title="Template talk:European topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_cuisine367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg cuisine">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andorran cuisine">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtensteiner cuisine">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican cuisine">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz cuisine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot cuisine">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetian cuisine">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistrian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transnistrian cuisine (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey cuisine">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx cuisine">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey cuisine">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox895" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192786#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85031842">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11964904x">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11964904x">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564306">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000052249&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007560223005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&oldid=1276000619">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&oldid=1276000619</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_cuisine" title="Category:Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Category:Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2023">Articles with dead external links from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_May_2021" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from May 2021">Articles with incomplete citations from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2023">Articles with dead external links from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use British English from March 2024">Use British English from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2024">Use dmy dates from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sardinian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sardinian-language text">Articles containing Sardinian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Croatian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Croatian-language text">Articles containing Croatian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Corsican-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Corsican-language text">Articles containing Corsican-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Slovene-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Slovene-language text">Articles containing Slovene-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 09:08 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_cuisine&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Italian cuisine</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 62 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-7n9v9","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.271","walltime":"3.785","ppvisitednodes":{"value":36212,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":870957,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27930,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":67,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":958019,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3040.460 1 -total"," 39.05% 1187.434 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.95% 728.122 181 Template:Cite_web"," 16.49% 501.367 406 Template:Lang"," 10.43% 317.091 9 Template:Navbox"," 8.54% 259.639 1 Template:Culture_of_Italy"," 8.42% 256.085 1 Template:Culture_of_region"," 8.35% 253.867 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.12% 246.934 65 Template:Sfn"," 5.10% 155.083 36 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.976","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20536109,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAna_Dane2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArturo_Iengo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBall2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBastianichJohn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBastianichTania\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaySalvatori2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoni1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanatella2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapatti2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheshes2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChrissie_McClatchie2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConte2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCremonaSoletti2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuhajMichael2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniela_Guaiti2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanieli2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDel_Conte2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDickie2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEats\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFExpatica2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaccioli1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGebreyesus2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGentilcore2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHazan1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHyland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJewkes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaminski2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeane\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoplan1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKummer1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyle_Phillips\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLast2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMay2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Jackson1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontagnoli2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontany2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetryk\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiras2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRelated_Articles2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardson2002\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRiley2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRomero1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoufsRoufs2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotto2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShulman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSquires2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Italian_Academy_of_Cuisine_(Accademia_Italiana_della_Cucina)2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThoms\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThoms2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTim_AtkinThe_Observer2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracy_Whitmey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFgreatbritishchefs\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 181,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Cookbook\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuisine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuisine of Italy\"] = 1,\n [\"Culture of Italy\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 3,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"European topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Ill\"] = 2,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 2,\n [\"Italy topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 406,\n [\"Lit\"] = 1,\n [\"Literally\"] = 14,\n [\"Main\"] = 18,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Mediterranean cuisine\"] = 1,\n [\"OED\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 65,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Web archive\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","15.7"],["?","260","12.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","7.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","160","7.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","140","6.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","6.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","5.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","2.9"],["type","60","2.9"],["[others]","540","26.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-786d8bd985-dczh9","timestamp":"20250216090857","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Italian cuisine","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_cuisine","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192786","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192786","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-16T03:03:49Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T09:08:53Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/df\/Italian_food.JPG","headline":"culinary traditions of Italy"}</script> </body> </html>