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Nutrition</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current-title">Measuring Primary Aromatic Amine Migration into Foods by Targeted LC-HRMS</span></div></div></header><div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-7516 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-quality-control-nutrition tag-contamination tag-food-contact-materials tag-migration tag-primary-aromatic-amines entry" aria-label="Measuring Primary Aromatic Amine Migration into Foods by Targeted LC-HRMS"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Measuring Primary Aromatic Amine Migration into Foods by Targeted LC-HRMS</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> By <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/amandamaxwell/" title="Posts by Amanda Maxwell" rel="author">Amanda Maxwell</a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 02.04.2016 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><p><img decoding="async" class="alignright" style="float: right; margin: 5px;" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2016/02/kitchen-utensils.jpg" alt="kitchen utensils" width="220" height="330" />Sanchis <em>et al.</em> (2015) present a sensitive and efficient method for measuring primary aromatic amine (PAA) contamination in foodstuffs using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)<sup>1</sup>. The method the researchers propose benefits food safety monitoring by providing both targeted measurement of PAAs but also post-target screening for other common migratory contaminants such as phthalates and bisphenols.</p> <p>PAAs are the starting materials for azo dye manufacture and can be added to plastics during production. Denoted as carcinogens by some agencies, they contaminate edible products mainly through migration or leaching from food contact materials (FCMs). This arises through hydrolysis of aromatic isocyanates and includes common compounds such as aniline and 4,4’-dimethyldianiline (MDA). European Union regulation 10/2011 sets migration limits of 0.01mg/kg as a summed total for all PAAs found in a food product.</p> <p>The research team used standard amine solutions made from commercial stocks of eight regulated PAAs to characterize and validate the mass spectrometric analysis. First, they examined chromatographic separation, comparing a number of different columns and eluents to prepare the samples prior to HRMS. They found that separation using an <a href="https://www.thermoscientific.com/content/tfs/en/products/hplc-uhplc-systems.html">Accela LC system</a> coupled with a <a href="https://www.thermoscientific.com/en/products/phenyl-hexyl-reversed-phase-lc-columns.html">Phenyl Hexyl column</a> (Thermo Scientific) gave the best results, with water as eluent A and methanol as eluent B.</p> <p>Following LC separation, the scientists used <a href="http://planetorbitrap.com/q-exactive#.VpgAMBUrKUk">Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometric</a> analysis (Thermo Scientific) to characterize the PAA standards fragmentation patterns. Once characterized, Sanchis <em>et al.</em> spiked the PAA standard solutions into a blank vehicle to establish assay operating parameters. They achieved recoveries between 78% and 112%, with suitable precision (RSD <15%). The assay gave limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 2-2.5µg/kg.</p> <p>Once validated, the researchers simulated food contact migration using 3% acetic acid and heat (two hours at 100°C) to “activate” samples taken from various grey or black nylon food utensils, traditionally implicated in PAA leaching from FCMs. After two hours incubation at high temperature, Sanchis <em>et al.</em> neutralized the activated acetic acid solution before LC-HRMS analysis. They used <a href="http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/tracefinder-software.html">TraceFinder software v3.1</a> (Thermo Scientific) for MS data acquisition and processing. From this analysis, the team found various PAA migrants from the kitchen utensils that exceeded the maximum levels allowed.</p> <p>Sanchis <em>et al</em>. also used the LC-HRMS workflow to screen for other common FCM contaminants. By referring to previous literature or by constructing predicted fragmentation patterns using <a href="http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/mass-frontier-7-0-spectral-interpretation-software.html">MassFrontier v.7</a> and <a href="http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/xcalibur-software.html">Xcalibur software</a> (both Thermo Scientific), they compiled a theoretical database for common FCM migrants. Using this approach, they conducted a successful post-target screen for non-PAA migrants in the activated samples.</p> <p>In conclusion, Sanchis et <em>al.</em> state that the targeted workflow proposed is sufficiently accurate for food safety monitoring where detection and quantitation of PAAs is required for enforcing regulations. Moreover, the post-target methodology allows rapid screening for other FCM migrants using automated detection.</p> <p><strong>Learn more in our <a href="http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/community/food-beverage.html" target="_blank">extractables and leachables webinar series</a></strong></p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>1. Sanchis, Y. et al. (2015) “Target analysis of primary aromatic amines combined with a comprehensive screening of migrating substances in kitchen utensils by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry”, Talanta 138 (pp. 290–297)</p> <aside class="mashsb-container mashsb-main "><div class="mashsb_above_buttons">Share this article </div><div class="mashsb-box"><div class="mashsb-count mash-large" style="float:left"><div class="counts mashsbcount">12</div><span class="mashsb-sharetext">SHARES</span></div><div class="mashsb-buttons"><a class="mashicon-facebook mash-large mashsb-noshadow" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thermofisher.com%2Fblog%2Ffood%2Fmeasuring-primary-aromatic-amine-migration-into-foods-by-targeted-lc-hrms%2F" target="_top" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Facebook</span></a><a class="mashicon-linkedin mash-large mashsb-noshadow" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?trk=Measuring+Primary+Aromatic+Amine+Migration+into+Foods+by+Targeted+LC-HRMS&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thermofisher.com%2Fblog%2Ffood%2Fmeasuring-primary-aromatic-amine-migration-into-foods-by-targeted-lc-hrms%2F" target="_top" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Linkedin</span></a><div class="onoffswitch2 mash-large mashsb-noshadow" style="display:none"></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div><div class="mashsb-toggle-container"></div></aside> <div class="jp-relatedposts"> <div class="related-post related-1"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/quantifying-caffeine-in-steeped-tea-using-uv-vis/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2024/10/iStock-1336864023_steepingtea-310x274.jpg" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="Steeping herbal pyramid tea bag in a glass cup" decoding="async" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/quantifying-caffeine-in-steeped-tea-using-uv-vis/">Quantifying Caffeine in Steeped Tea Using UV-Vis</a></h4> <p>In the realm of food science, precise quantification of key ... </p> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/quantifying-caffeine-in-steeped-tea-using-uv-vis/" class="read-more">Read More <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></a> </span> </div> <div class="related-post related-2"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/dairy-production-in-india/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/10/iStock-1297005108_milkpour-310x274.jpg" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="Close-up of raw milk being poured into container with dairy cows in background" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/dairy-production-in-india/">Dairy Production in India</a></h4> <p>The cow is a revered animal in throughout much of India. 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