CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913581d35b063dad',cH: 'r6ERXMceq9tfYOXzqnlPmJuDiJ4r8c6yuBELZ9xmGeo-1739792474-1.2.1.1-qDDMgtsJQ1y5Ky40iN6yUqN9HddJldP.QBRxN0JngV_S_Semhtyg0fAJvtsWsjqt',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=enablers&__cf_chl_tk=cDKce78GY46ZISNgkbxpnsvLpnW1ECYW8QMPlizfq8s-1739792474-1.0.1.1-xEErPseSCJANWQhDPkzwebjT0UudLAsKRCnVSJvmqYQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792474',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=enablers&__cf_chl_f_tk=cDKce78GY46ZISNgkbxpnsvLpnW1ECYW8QMPlizfq8s-1739792474-1.0.1.1-xEErPseSCJANWQhDPkzwebjT0UudLAsKRCnVSJvmqYQ",md: "R9kWj1.a24CIsu2pPisZCh9aecx4vQYyIkXW7dj7Uzg-1739792474-1.2.1.1-GO4cE04vajoroxuBWny.l9yjh4TMT6ATPzwJm0rNQehxU4hLhaV.Z05jjR78IzflD_gehWOgEc9zOi_fHMdBtSO4Ig2WsJJLEbhRDfU4YmNidVhggOBXJ_4OSlpqKqELYMO4qI7ShVoiI.vW87duUn9qmqsYkJRnRNYfxVVZY84HJzY.Xoff5.9MG0B_cgXCsOC9kCNh.RE7oFX16PYIw9voQxiJhAjfw8DVEcI_YR0m2aHdrPZyuLiWV2vtnTNS453460kOdnsroLM0TMeWJfYRDCZlHrf6o0hpq3YmmugXlFq3eH1dcCWmfa6zzN1j063__eUqsnjJibtOskFMGfqFVqnlp3iidGZkvEgnNrtUq_hNgFG3GxTz_BgJxiGQu4cYP6Zk9HTl4JIvDM4a9IARnFwNaDR8Hd0ztT5vd1JtsXi54iA2ZoKxCn2bBP4D.sAu4QXl.zKOifjh_33D2PIZBxm1ubZqisKPjd9vqj_GVhik6EQWOGHFMQjG_58MZNW2h8ZqJLsDmTKdb76cOoJPXEOuM0qrPbEnFzHcsKv_m0Mlg5asiNIadjJupBQjPrlYO3yGagYe819N6fXbyQzLXCPn3f9MQJpvaB4q0AYlVmCiQ2.ZriUIG0ELfD4iAm068VN_2VO4v7a7dKgu1Onc4nN9lDVdfW6bw3Vbm0DWwmmzGrDZ8lUfyRDDT_tM0zQSGqRKmjvHRTlY8rYKXsmvrW87.erfyMqkLBHTure8v.IgypToCnoR0NGfxCGcB7qHQgWvhh3RPEhFL7HsDW6kuVE64aJCB4SlS6V9giHUFWezlZlXPxDZlPcHcFdIsBbsewzAh2z8Pgk8wEzM3hOOXSC2mIzZPr6Y3aR9bDOs7uZbE_jbzZEUZZl5FE9NbdNZwUPd5L_KN5HCBwzIXiAO9uB0JO20gbTe.xjk0lnT4Bo.Ij6GDdU.lUrhbg7s1FBOhluoEhpSwyllpI_Sh.w5BnhhwuhCXdWm4lnHC3KMH5AtS1OPRKbr_rC0ogja3mjsk.QvQrcrwMLvtYjtOUv_EnLB2nCQuFSVXOWQFUj_7JDjgTyR_AKA_.7lhcHdqafj1jlgJqqTp39vu8SVtBsC_3LUat1a4hqwrlKTaPwVc_wZbzdeAROYYF6Zrh6aXPdt5jgURUsPnLFO6G9oTMZY8_VH5iGJGy8sS4godKm1sH3VMnEI.f_jRAZMWE.HZ0tVGwILwmememBHXn8ed1cvTa7OKpBItPYnBlRULEtuvSewNLEtY9xJUbNZcJe47mba7TRqi1GBiCCZ7WHadvNsTF9yZncVsiu5.zRml8vzfBtDvybNooKYN0TkQpjVI7mCWLSETrz1ds1wUqTJlaIT.BKE8atq2GJUJP6hb4pH5uuz8yulgiBWAVMLahk6DqWszeS50uOT1zjsQ9iS1FnNkFevXB4TaOQ9gXV7CA2Uyf28b1G2ZMVrlL7UuFpKy.a9.lWqFvooqogGVU4lthXv268f0J7Mk592saE4MIU5PCyv5sI9Ucq9PWIOTbJ_18f8m9S.4HYoGER8.eHRRQ9mtO0Z9DHIB0fiwijxGVgSSi_rG3CRtZdvooJAxZ6CUJOmJIWmxdmCNrImRPjtsYx5wMP8CkUEH.YNPrXyIQPeQokaomyxLPAIcnSss5kwx1bBAGxSiFTreVtA1jA.SbddHm2lKRgCmFv43urRorwcuXYanqZVjqN89azgG9XmzzZySPDe.CiKMBaBTG6X5JbXn5D6qe5KE6CjaYjs2r941efkeIQtWTEjS6J3KqexxXDQtTTpMGhSg091_YUjk8Kj9r2fj8yYO_1G8XcFg.3YJPacc8EopQpdSPTfANzaRcgrrerJtXF.qzgVj1FJT5FDIPFWa3pzhdcD_z.sqoi1HFnXzOPD6Jz6LUodb9y31qUnv2D2SUz.bfW0feAgmg",mdrd: "HyUmnAsQ4dAJlDtp8gtPc5636BDavX4nQgtnufL6ncA-1739792474-1.2.1.1-ULgG8Q4QBpv_8fOcmuwEia40EQ65rpANIkRrwsNocB3_DWPFGctH8PXr0yI62klN8EgIWug2pLTWog0.7YBvt5U.HujMKcTvUhsG1w7BhQkeO9dC6NRB_sxuq0uGmh3Z7FST._Baf8TuMUYQ8q3XOEyBg3ijZxy1_aoG204HutxuDPge_tf2WLbsbO1amCK37F8t3UiDXD_AaiyIb4_L1yPotK5BgvUShoxeNhlVNtCwenua6KKJoxN23LXn8w_MtmJlQRdKPkHMFXgXSmXnSfvjYkw7WFTtEUDY6P5RmHg3ZWFq0ZaWOj_EobV61lPfMu1326o.tDKWfCawIEcTymL2ZliKOZ8g_sqhKZFWXsT5qCYrG.cf2hPL0DaIoqeBeIDSPoudO_Aok1ymxf29gzbfUVzXHYbNo.LYyRiv42tGGh.5v9nxUlfErxtHwwWZ.kbAi_VmoAedvyRgclHAd9EtUtSz0FEY3_YwOqUElcjdXHDAUoJ_59mGh3IKxt7K7_rKV2UMK0V.SRtzMGJlY29OTK9_eUfz91Nx8Z2S5mud0WeTXBVlzbTqZaVfudztb7kMvQTxM_M62017LMkdVcS8gJOrXPvds9CcjP08vy4FXsNejaH0Bo4f47LnUBdNxc4nDZYfuaCDL0mYZYpfDR8F2qrge0YGZVMXARRzCufHt.J08XVKXPEfTXiEl8vExbznAUdyGH_ZBdxC3eFQjcHdfHCQtj9P2nbW5D4oVkHXlVl1kkFGMEIr7rBAk2CQePLkF94L2.AWebk4t.ill84DOUcaXXHv42E8E7_Cj44QYqVsAwVC8ewCOEwZk5.94OCqomQqGAO_PcbjOoKwtv3DxP9B3YUG4RazGdmW3HK_Yx_XSm1PWADSRSGarIo2Xx3Mao8ezTO.u.p6wMaX4vZayRpJqPyrnZvVl2sA4GmW0h8MYL_uFypxf7TJlweWUiZU7BP1FMXMFaLg4BH53AY5v7cemVhLaJpNpDv.eXy_MT_JgcJFy8XD2avTphx2p2SxI93UxB3LvuCO1mwFxUe..3iQujPUD1YGSQTo0moUqRZ9epZXrU9KSxjJhTslpYuQtZSA7kxgyB5P0fZJSY_Caojw4M84EyDLPkGXzEfdPNHGIeSWsDkE2Hm.ZNZ6JqCQNQiGiaRaLzbN5EBkynt1oHWltab2dudpJZNRBQ5G_lDz9P.69fnfv0twHheLQ7vj7XMPUy13bLIjEKgYRItxNjccijm1JcLnpC0wKRb2PCjT_4UNeN_7RS7pxbOspTEoloV6jpjeVRyIZugAMj7lWlazVre6q4J27sWX8WzIbK_icEjUYJ4ooQ5WllrYbjjjISesT63l7F36.K6iWSBGKjwyHy1xXx3LNhpOXCuz40DcCHxY6mABX347usUgM7AJNtVHNWLzEbftI9tWbBFwFMVocqguXwSB8g3i0fAEcVGE2.p5oc7ZKV_0xxocjLkS5OezNax2HcsUEd3ysQ9L.s4euCAXPODkK6pK0Zr29PYYNGaMVlwUTT6BTr9LgvkKNYQDKjB8RlaNb_bl6q20WpWJDhakgX4LJYG4B6FYnAOaejYuIPj8qu.Kp4I..QfU2LrZKt6EOeP.yUu7caJuDl9Pff4Fv.Z1xwb6Jcl3jm_Be7Z2SQuLmGtCggoh_sjyTVHvz.RagFt6XvJIuk950Sq54tBRgD6eZYvZD67O1H9LE9oLDniQ1Fn91db6w3j.hODxHoQ3XKSmh7MhHdoc.9k8OsMs_fJhkMKEImtvPQCleesUekiQ1OGT3RtgOU.a2.50lTeiyVzKZkRFCV5bi7Z9y8u1AeRFYgFnOyL9NOqllC.pTON_K0TLDtaqb08mGel.QP1k7kZipYATgaXCGNlPAjt2eNEA_XXnLUgfvhbtb4eSWL1DyBaA4vV7phfFf0UMpO349bRRcvkkzVne8iPqYvhXYgCdatc3c4PC1XpGUoHTZ24Z02.8Q2ssyZmHr82788uvYgZCPq52pw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913581d35b063dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=enablers&__cf_chl_rt_tk=cDKce78GY46ZISNgkbxpnsvLpnW1ECYW8QMPlizfq8s-1739792474-1.0.1.1-xEErPseSCJANWQhDPkzwebjT0UudLAsKRCnVSJvmqYQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>