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</h1> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-before"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view-header view view-epw-category-page view-id-epw_category_page view-display-id-attachment_1 js-view-dom-id-0780ea14635da2c3b84372b600124ff47acf3605c43e80390088dcc15f2ffca8"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-cover-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/di_top_650x400/public/images/2024/02/09/CategoryImage_Perspective.png?itok=v5ZXD-Cu" width="650" height="400" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-name"><span class="field-content">Perspectives</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-description__value"><span class="field-content"></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid horizontal cols-3 clearfix"> <div class="views-row clearfix row-1"> <div class="views-col col-1"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/perspectives/israeli-palestinian-conflict.html" hreflang="en">Israeli–Palestinian Conflict </a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/s-s-tabraz" hreflang="en">S S Tabraz</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The popular discussion now, after 15 months of Israel’s aggression in Gaza, is seen steering away from the consensus that reinforces the Israeli perspective on this conflict. Two factors—the revision....</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/13" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 13, 29 Mar, 2025</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-2"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/11/perspectives/relationship-between-growth-and-inequality-india.html" hreflang="en">Relationship between Growth and Inequality in India and Tax Policy Implications</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/ravindra-h-dholakia" hreflang="en">Ravindra H Dholakia</a>, <a href="/author/sitikantha-pattanaik" hreflang="en">Sitikantha Pattanaik</a>, <a href="/author/shrujan-rajendra-rajdeep" hreflang="en">Shrujan Rajendra Rajdeep</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>This article examines the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in India. Empirical findings seriously challenge some popular prevailing notions that higher inequality has been an unintended outcome of higher growth in the post-reform period and that lower inequality can support higher growth. Based on such notions, tax policy changes have been advocated. The article finds no statistically significant evidence of either economic growth causing inequality or higher inequality dampening growth. It highlights, therefore, that any suggestion to revamp the tax regime to lower inequality in India must be backed by robust empirical support.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/11" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 11, 15 Mar, 2025</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-3"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/10/perspectives/towards-gendered-framing-animal-sexual-abuse-india.html" hreflang="en">Towards a Gendered Framing of Animal Sexual Abuse in India</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/nivedita-ghosh" hreflang="en">Nivedita Ghosh</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The manner in which feminist theory intersects with animal studies in framing the discussion on animal sexual abuse is examined, particularly in the context of the substitution of the Indian Penal Code with Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita in December 2023. The concomitant removal of IPC Section 377 presents an opportunity for significant reform in both animal and human rights in India allowing for framing of laws against animal sexual abuse through the concepts of dignity, rights, consent, and health, rather than the pejorative language of bestiality, and dissociating homosexuality from its problematic association with bestiality in legal discourse.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/10" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 10, 08 Mar, 2025</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-2"> <div class="views-col col-1"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/7/perspectives/politics-dalit-bahujan-cultural-appropriation.html" hreflang="en">The Politics of Dalit–Bahujan Cultural Appropriation</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/harish-s-wankhede" hreflang="en">Harish S Wankhede</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The growth of the Bharatiya Janata Party in North Indian states suggests that a significant section of the Dalits, Bahujans, and Adivasis support right-wing political ideals. This has been orchestrated by addressing intra-caste tensions by innovating cultural strategies to develop a bond between Hindutv a nationalism and local caste histories. The popular genre of writing social history from the Dalit–Bahujan perspective was hitherto ignored by the mainstream. The BJP has succeeded in a ppropriating these, whereas the opposition lacks alternative vision and cultural strategies to challenge Hindutva domination in this sphere.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/7" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 7, 15 Feb, 2025</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-2"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/perspectives/need-deposit-accepting-licences.html" hreflang="en">Need for Deposit-accepting Licences</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/rupa-rege-nitsure" hreflang="en">Rupa Rege Nitsure</a>, <a href="/author/pretimaya-samanta" hreflang="en">Pretimaya Samanta</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>To strengthen the process of financial intermediation with a focus on financial inclusion and to reduce the systemic risk created by the NBFCs’ disproportionately high dependence on bank borrowings, there is a need to allow a few upper-layered NBFCs to raise public deposits that will support their growth aspirations as well as diversify their funding sources. Given that the accepta nce of public deposits is a matter of utmost trust, the regulator will have to issue public deposit licen ces judiciously to those entities that satisfy quantifiable criteria like size and tenure of the business, credit rating, asset quality, capitalisation, exposure to rural belts, a robust environmental, social, and governance profile and digital capabilities.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/6" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 6, 08 Feb, 2025</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-3"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/perspectives/indian-railways.html" hreflang="en">Indian Railways</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/sudhanshu-mani" hreflang="en">Sudhanshu Mani</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The performance of the Indian Railways, including its track record on finances, rail safety and execution of big-ticket projects like Vande Bharat, high-speed rail, hyperloop, and hydrogen trains is critically evaluated. Despite substantial budget allocations and ambitious goals, the Indian Railways faces a serious lack of delivery, systemic issues, and low morale of its officers that hinder the realisation of its modernisation and performance objectives.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/2" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 2, 11 Jan, 2025</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-3"> <div class="views-col col-1"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/1/perspectives/rural-non-farm-employment-uttar-pradesh.html" hreflang="en">Rural Non-farm Employment in Uttar Pradesh</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/shadab-hashmi" hreflang="en">Shadab Hashmi</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The regional dynamics of non-farm sector growth in Uttar Pradesh is examined. The southern part of Uttar Pradesh has a higher proportion of casual labour and stagnation in rural manufacturing, leading to the increased casualisation of the rural workforce. In contrast, the western region shows a notable shift of educated individuals, landowners, and socially dominant castes towards employment in the rural non-farm sector. This trend is not observed in the southern region. There are significant regional variations in the determinants of non-farm employment. In many areas of Uttar Pradesh, non-farm activities are pursued out of economic distress rather than as a preferred choice of employment.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2025/1" hreflang="en">Vol. 60, Issue No. 1, 04 Jan, 2025</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-2"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/52/perspectives/producing-new-india.html" hreflang="en">Producing New India</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/nitin-bathla" hreflang="en">Nitin Bathla</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>New highway corridors are being implanted at various scales—local, metropolitan, regional, and interregional—often bypassing existing routes and opening new speculative frontiers for urban land markets. This article periodises the different stages of highway construction in India during the neo-liberal era. It finds how this state-led infrastructure expansion fosters new territorial imaginaries of nationhood, citizenship, and environmentalism. As infrastructure-led urbanisation continues to remain a dominant trend, this article calls for increased attention to the socio-spatial differentiation, struggles and environmental impacts arising from this highway-driven fossil urbanism.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/52" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 52, 28 Dec, 2024</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-3"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/51/perspectives/economic-surplus-buyers-day-ahead-electricity.html" hreflang="en">Economic Surplus for Buyers in the Day-ahead Electricity Market </a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/atul-agrawal" hreflang="en">Atul Agrawal</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>During October 2021 and February–March 2022, Indian power exchanges experienced a significant gap between buy and sell bids. In 309 time blocks, the market cleared at the maximum price due to the bidding beh aviour of buyers. This raises questions about the algorithm’s impact on individual surpluses of buyers and sellers. To address this, we propose an alternate approach where the market is cleared at the price point of the last sell offer, allocating available supply to the marginal buyer with the highest valuation. This would ensure buyers’ surplus without changing the total economic surplus.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/51" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 51, 21 Dec, 2024</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-4"> <div class="views-col col-1"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/47/perspectives/women-cinema-and-patriarchal-deep-state.html" hreflang="en">Women in Cinema and the Patriarchal Deep State</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/meena-t-pillai" hreflang="en">Meena T Pillai</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>In light of the recent release of the Hema Committee report, this article analyses women’s continuou s disadvanta ges with regard to labour, sexploitation, and workplace conditions within the cinema industry and its institutionalised networks of male dominance. The systemic nature of gendered violence, rendered invisible within the neo-liberal, capital-intense precincts of a supposedly artistic enterprise that is nevertheless underscored by feudal libidinal economies, makes entertainment industries function as the nucleus of patriarchal power-brokering which involves political parties, the state, corporate actors, transnational capital, and a criminal underworld.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/47" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 47, 23 Nov, 2024</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-2"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/46/perspectives/missed-opportunity.html" hreflang="en">A Missed Opportunity</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/arvind-sardana" hreflang="en">Arvind Sardana</a>, <a href="/author/p-s-vijayshankar" hreflang="en">P S Vijayshankar</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The expansion of rice cultivation in Madhya Pradesh since 2000 is due to the support provided through public procurement as well as the ready market provided by numerous private companies. However, the state’s focus on supporting only rice, wheat, and soybean has missed the opportunity to diversify its cropping system by supporting crops like pulses and oilseeds. This is symptomatic of a larger malaise in Indian agriculture, where the absence of a clear policy has resulted in the input-intensive green revolution model remaining dominant, missing the opportunity for alternative agricultural development.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/46" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 46, 16 Nov, 2024</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-3"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/44-45/perspectives/navigating-post-covid-19-landscape.html" hreflang="en">Navigating the Post-Covid-19 Landscape </a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/shruti-shuvam" hreflang="en">Shruti Shuvam</a>, <a href="/author/pratap-c-mohanty" hreflang="en">Pratap C Mohanty</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>The persisting problems of micro, small and medium enterprises in India have quadrupled since the COVID -19 pandemic, demonetisation, and goods and services tax regime. This article documents the....</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/44-45" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 44-45, 02 Nov, 2024</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-5"> <div class="views-col col-1"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/43/perspectives/frugal-technological-praxis-empowerment.html" hreflang="en">Frugal Technological Praxis as Empowerment</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/anant-kamath" hreflang="en">Anant Kamath</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>Frugal technological activity through jugaad or frugal inventio n, collective and defensive technological strategies, or grassroots innovation can battle the lived experience of inequality, and perhaps even the condition of socio-economic disadvantage. The article argues that such practices are in fact technological weapons of disadvantaged socio-economic groups to mitigate lived inequality and economic adversity. They are the indicators of technological modernity.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/43-0" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 43, 26 Oct, 2024</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-2"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/42/perspectives/state-versus-peasants.html" hreflang="en">State versus Peasants</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/h-s-shylendra" hreflang="en">H S Shylendra</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>Using a political-economy perspective and through a critical analysis, the article attempts to understand the true nature of the (repealed) farm laws and the agitation besides drawing implications for addressing the extant crisis. The government’s measure appeared desperate given its neo-liberal compulsions, and the proclaimed strategy of resolving the crisis through institutional reforms. As predicted in the theoretical framework, while the disjuncture with social realities undid the farm laws, the attempted broadening of the class orientatio n aided the farmers’ agitation.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/42" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 42, 19 Oct, 2024</a></div></div></div> <div class="views-col col-3"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/41/perspectives/strategic-autonomy-national-security.html" hreflang="en">Strategic Autonomy in National Security</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/jawahar-bhagwat" hreflang="en">Jawahar Bhagwat</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-body"> <p>India’s strategic autonomy in national security is severely constrained due to the strategic perspective of the Indo-Pacific think tanks with corporate interests that dominate New Delhi’s policymaking circles. This results in limited, expensive choices for defence procurement and a weak military–industrial complex, both exacerbated by the lack of an effective oversight mechanism.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-journal"><div class="field-content"><a href="/journal/2024/41" hreflang="en">Vol. 59, Issue No. 41, 12 Oct, 2024</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="pager" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="pager__items js-pager__items"> <li class="pager__item is-active"> <a href="?page=0" title="Current page" aria-current="page"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Current page </span>1</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to page 2"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>2</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=2" title="Go to page 3"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>3</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a 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