ACP - Metrics - Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010

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href="https://cdn.copernicus.org/apps/htmlgenerator/css/htmlgenerator.css?v=1"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Copernicus GmbH"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="<p><strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> We use 2010–2015 observations of atmospheric methane columns from the GOSAT satellite instrument in a global inverse analysis to improve estimates of methane emissions and their trends over the period, as well as the global concentration of tropospheric OH (the hydroxyl radical, methane's main sink) and its trend. Our inversion solves the Bayesian optimization problem analytically including closed-form characterization of errors. This allows us to (1) quantify the information content from the inversion towards optimizing methane emissions and its trends, (2) diagnose error correlations between constraints on emissions and OH concentrations, and (3) generate a large ensemble of solutions testing different assumptions in the inversion. We show how the analytical approach can be used, even when prior error standard deviation distributions are lognormal. Inversion results show large overestimates of Chinese coal emissions and Middle East oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory but little error in the United States where we use a new gridded version of the EPA national greenhouse gas inventory as prior estimate. Oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory show large differences with national totals reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and our inversion is generally more consistent with the UNFCCC data. The observed 2010–2015 growth in atmospheric methane is attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from OH trends is small in comparison. We find that the inversion provides strong independent constraints on global methane emissions (546&thinsp;Tg&thinsp;a<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>) and global mean OH concentrations (atmospheric methane lifetime against oxidation by tropospheric OH of <span class="inline-formula">10.8±0.4</span> years), indicating that satellite observations of atmospheric methane could provide a proxy for OH concentrations in the future.</p>"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/06/12"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2019/06/12"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="19"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="11"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1680-7316"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7859-2019"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="7859"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="7881"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Maasakkers, Joannes D."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="now at: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0001-8118-0311"> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="maasakkers@fas.harvard.edu"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jacob, Daniel J."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sulprizio, Melissa P."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Scarpelli, Tia R."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0001-5544-8732"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Nesser, Hannah"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0001-6778-037X"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sheng, Jian-Xiong"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0002-8008-3883"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Zhang, Yuzhong"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0001-5431-5022"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hersher, Monica"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Bloom, A. Anthony"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Bowman, Kevin W."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0002-8659-1117"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Worden, John R."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Janssens-Maenhout, Greet"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0002-9335-0709"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Parker, Robert J."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Earth Observation Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Leicester Institute for Space and Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, Leicester, UK"/> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0002-0801-0831"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Alexe, M., Bergamaschi, P., Segers, A., Detmers, R., Butz, A., Hasekamp, O., Guerlet, S., Parker, R., Boesch, H., Frankenberg, C., Scheepmaker, R. 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Phys., 18, 15959–15973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15959-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f, g"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.xml"/> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="English"/> <meta name="libraryUrl" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-avatar-web.png"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015"> <meta property="og:description" content="Abstract. We use 2010–2015 observations of atmospheric methane columns from the GOSAT satellite instrument in a global inverse analysis to improve estimates of methane emissions and their trends over the period, as well as the global concentration of tropospheric OH (the hydroxyl radical, methane's main sink) and its trend. Our inversion solves the Bayesian optimization problem analytically including closed-form characterization of errors. This allows us to (1) quantify the information content from the inversion towards optimizing methane emissions and its trends, (2) diagnose error correlations between constraints on emissions and OH concentrations, and (3) generate a large ensemble of solutions testing different assumptions in the inversion. We show how the analytical approach can be used, even when prior error standard deviation distributions are lognormal. Inversion results show large overestimates of Chinese coal emissions and Middle East oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory but little error in the United States where we use a new gridded version of the EPA national greenhouse gas inventory as prior estimate. Oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory show large differences with national totals reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and our inversion is generally more consistent with the UNFCCC data. The observed 2010–2015 growth in atmospheric methane is attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from OH trends is small in comparison. We find that the inversion provides strong independent constraints on global methane emissions (546 Tg a−1) and global mean OH concentrations (atmospheric methane lifetime against oxidation by tropospheric OH of 10.8±0.4 years), indicating that satellite observations of atmospheric methane could provide a proxy for OH concentrations in the future."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/"> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-avatar-web.png"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Abstract. We use 2010–2015 observations of atmospheric methane columns from the GOSAT satellite instrument in a global inverse analysis to improve estimates of methane emissions and their trends over the period, as well as the global concentration of tropospheric OH (the hydroxyl radical, methane's main sink) and its trend. Our inversion solves the Bayesian optimization problem analytically including closed-form characterization of errors. This allows us to (1) quantify the information content from the inversion towards optimizing methane emissions and its trends, (2) diagnose error correlations between constraints on emissions and OH concentrations, and (3) generate a large ensemble of solutions testing different assumptions in the inversion. We show how the analytical approach can be used, even when prior error standard deviation distributions are lognormal. Inversion results show large overestimates of Chinese coal emissions and Middle East oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory but little error in the United States where we use a new gridded version of the EPA national greenhouse gas inventory as prior estimate. Oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory show large differences with national totals reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and our inversion is generally more consistent with the UNFCCC data. The observed 2010–2015 growth in atmospheric methane is attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from OH trends is small in comparison. We find that the inversion provides strong independent constraints on global methane emissions (546 Tg a−1) and global mean OH concentrations (atmospheric methane lifetime against oxidation by tropospheric OH of 10.8±0.4 years), indicating that satellite observations of atmospheric methane could provide a proxy for OH concentrations in the future."> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.copernicus.org/libraries/jquery/1.11.1/ui/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.copernicus.org/libraries/jquery/1.11.1/ui/jquery-ui-slider-pips.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.copernicus.org/libraries/jquery/1.11.1/ui/template_jquery-ui-touch.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.copernicus.org/js/respond.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" 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placeholder="Search" name="q" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="search_query_solr"/> </div> <div class="col-auto pl-0"> <button title="Start site search" id="start_site_search_solr" class="btn btn-sm btn-success"><span class="co-search"></span></button> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"> <div id="templateSearchInfo" class="d-none"> <div> <p> Multiple terms: term1 term2<br /> <i>red apples</i><br /> returns results with all terms like:<br /> <i>Fructose levels in <strong>red</strong> and <strong>green</strong> apples</i><br /> </p> <p> Precise match in quotes: "term1 term2"<br /> <i>"red apples"</i><br /> returns results matching exactly like:<br /> <i>Anthocyanin biosynthesis in <strong>red apples</strong></i><br /> </p> <p> Exclude a term with -: term1 -term2<br /> <i>apples -red</i><br /> returns results containing <i><strong>apples</strong></i> but not <i><strong>red</strong></i>:<br /> <i>Malic acid in green <strong>apples</strong></i><br /> </p> </div> </div> <div class="modal " id="templateSearchResultModal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header modal-header--sticky shadow one-column d-block"> <div class="row no-gutters mx-1"> <div class="col mr-3"> <h1 class="" id="resultsSearchHeader"><span id="templateSearchResultNr"></span> hit<span id="templateSearchResultNrPlural">s</span> for <span id="templateSearchResultTerm"></span></h1> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <a id="scrolltopmodal" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="scrollModalTop();" style="display: none;"><i class="co-home"></i></a> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <button data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close" class="btn btn-danger mt-1">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body one-column">  <div class="grid-container mx-n3"><div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85"> <button aria-label="Refine" id="refineSearchModal" class="btn btn-primary float-left mt-4">Refine your search</button> <button aria-label="Refine" id="refineSearchModalHide" class="btn btn-danger float-left d-none mt-4">Hide refinement</button> </div></div> <div class="grid-container mx-n3"><div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100"><div id="templateRefineSearch" class="d-none"></div></div></div> <div id="templateSearchResultContainer" class="searchResultsModal mx-n3"></div> <div class="grid-container mb-0"><div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100"><div id="templateSearchResultContainerEmpty" class="co-notification d-none">There are no results for your search term.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content p-3"> <div class="modal-body text-left"> <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Network problems</h1> <div class="co-error">We are sorry, but your search could not be completed due to network problems. Please try again later.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal2" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content p-3"> <div class="modal-body text-left"> <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Server timeout</h1> <div class="co-error">We are sorry, but your search could not be completed due to server timeouts. Please try again later.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal3" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content p-3"> <div class="modal-body text-left"> <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Empty search term</h1> <div class="co-error">You have applied the search with an empty search term. Please revisit and try again.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal4" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content p-3"> <div class="modal-body text-left"> <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Too many requests</h1> <div class="co-error">We are sorry, but we have received too many parallel search requests. Please try again later.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal " id="templateSearchLoadingModal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content p-3 co_LoadingDotsContainer"> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="text">Searching</div> <div class="dots d-flex justify-content-center"><div class="dot"></div><div class="dot"></div><div class="dot"></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style> /*.modal {*/ /* background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);*/ /*}*/ .modal-header--sticky { position: sticky; top: 0; background-color: inherit; z-index: 1055; } .grid-container { margin-bottom: 1em; /*padding-left: 0;*/ /*padding-right: 0;*/ } #templateSearchInfo{ display: none; background-color: var(--background-color-primary); margin-top: 1px; z-index: 5; border: 1px solid var(--color-primary); opacity: .8; font-size: .7rem; border-radius: .25rem; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer { z-index: 1000; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .text { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1rem; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot { background-color: #0072BC; border: 2px solid white; border-radius: 50%; float: left; height: 2rem; width: 2rem; margin: 0 5px; -webkit-transform: scale(0); transform: scale(0); -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 0ms; animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 0ms; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot:nth-child(2) { -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 300ms; animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 300ms; } #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot:nth-child(3) { -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 600ms; animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 600ms; } #templateSearchResultModal [class*="grid-"] { padding-left: 10px !important; padding-right: 10px !important; } #templateSearchResultTerm { font-weight: bold; } #resultsSearchHeader { display: block !important; } #scrolltopmodal { font-size: 3.0em; margin-top: 0 !important; margin-right: 15px; } @-webkit-keyframes animation_dots_breath { 50% { -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 100% { opacity: 0; } } @keyframes animation_dots_breath { 50% { -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 100% { opacity: 0; } } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) { #templateSearchResultModal .modal-dialog { max-width: 90%; } } </style> <script> if(document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content == "https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/") FINDER_URL = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content.replace('meetingorganizer', 'finder-app')+"search/library.php"; else FINDER_URL = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content.replace('meetingorganizer', 'finder')+"search/library.php"; SEARCH_INPUT = document.getElementById('search_query_solr'); SEARCH_INPUT_MODAL = document.getElementById('search_query_modal'); searchRunning = false; offset = 20; INITIAL_OFFSET = 20; var MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver || window.MozMutationObserver; const targetNodeSearchModal = document.getElementById("templateSearchResultModal"); const configSearchModal = { attributes: true, childList: true, subtree: true }; // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const callbackSearchModal = (mutationList, observer) => { for (const mutation of mutationList) { if (mutation.type === "childList") { // console.log("A child node has been added or removed."); picturesGallery(); } else if (mutation.type === "attributes") { // console.log(`The ${mutation.attributeName} attribute was modified.`); } } }; // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function const observer = new MutationObserver(callbackSearchModal); // Start observing the target node for configured mutations observer.observe(targetNodeSearchModal, configSearchModal); function _addEventListener() { document.getElementById('search_query_solr').addEventListener('keypress', (e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter') _runSearch(); }); document.getElementById('start_site_search_solr').addEventListener('click', (e) => { _runSearch(); e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); $('#templateSearchResultModal').scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop()) { $('#scrolltopmodal:hidden').stop(true, true).fadeIn().css("display","inline-block"); } else { $('#scrolltopmodal').stop(true, true).fadeOut(); } }); } function scrollModalTop() { $('#templateSearchResultModal').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 'slow'); // $('#templateSearchResultModal').scrollTop(0); } function picturesGallery() { $('body').off('click', '.paperlist-avatar img'); $('body').off('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img'); searchPaperListAvatar = []; searchPaperListAvatarThumb = []; search_pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0]; if (typeof search_gallery != "undefined") { search_gallery = null; } $('body').on('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img', function (e) { if(searchPaperListAvatarThumb.length === 0 && searchPaperListAvatar.length === 0) { $('#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img').each(function () { var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web'); var width = $(this).attr('data-width'); var height = $(this).attr('data-height'); var caption = $(this).attr('data-caption'); var figure = { src: webversion, w: width, h: height, title: caption }; searchPaperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]); searchPaperListAvatar.push(figure); }); } var target = $(this); var index = $('#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img').index(target); var options = { showHideOpacity:false, bgOpacity:0.8, index:index, spacing:0.15, history: false, focus:false, getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) { var thumbnail = searchPaperListAvatarThumb[index]; var pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect(); return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width}; } }; search_gallery = new PhotoSwipe( search_pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default,[searchPaperListAvatar[index]],options); search_gallery.init(); }); } function showError(code, msg) { console.error(code, msg); $("#templateSearchLoadingModal").modal("hide"); switch(code) { case -3: // http request fail case -2: // invalid MO response case 4: // CORS case 1: // project $("#templateSearchErrorModal1").modal({}); break; case -1: // timeout $("#templateSearchErrorModal2").modal({}); break; case 2: // empty term $("#templateSearchErrorModal3").modal({}); break; case 3: // DOS $("#templateSearchErrorModal4").modal({}); break; default: $("#templateSearchErrorModal1").modal({}); break; } } function clearForm() { var myFormElement = document.getElementById("library-filters") var elements = myFormElement.elements; $(".form-check-input").prop('checked', false).change().parent().removeClass('active'); for(i=0; i<elements.length; i++) { field_type = elements[i].type.toLowerCase(); switch(field_type) { case "text": case "password": case "textarea": case "hidden": elements[i].value = ""; break; case "radio": case "checkbox": if (elements[i].checked) { elements[i].checked = false; } break; case "select-one": case "select-multi": elements[i].selectedIndex = -1; break; default: break; } } } function generateShowMoreButton(offset, term) { var code = '<button aria-label="ShowMore" id="showMore" class="btn btn-success float-right mr-2" data-offset="' + offset + '">Show more</button>'; return code; } function hideModal(id) { $("#"+id).modal('hide'); } function showModal(id) { $("#"+id).modal({}); } function prepareForPhotoSwipe() { searchPaperListAvatar = []; searchPaperListAvatarThumb = []; search_pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0]; } function _sendAjax(projectID, term) { let httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest(); if(searchRunning) { console.log("Search running"); return; } if (!httpRequest) { console.error("Giving up :( Cannot create an XMLHTTP instance"); showError(-1); return false; } // httpRequest.timeout = 20000; // time in milliseconds httpRequest.withCredentials = false; httpRequest.ontimeout = (e) => { showError(-1, "result timeout"); searchRunning = false; }; httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function() { if (httpRequest.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE) { searchRunning = false; if (httpRequest.status === 200) { let rs = JSON.parse(httpRequest.responseText); if(rs) { if(rs.isError) { showError(rs.errorCode, rs.errorMessage); } else { let html = rs.resultHTMLs; $("#modal_search_query").val(rs.term); $("#templateSearchResultTerm").html(rs.term); $("#templateSearchResultNr").html(rs.resultsNr); $("#templateRefineSearch").html(rs.filter); if(rs.filter == false) { console.log('filter empty'); $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); } if(rs.resultsNr==1) $("#templateSearchResultNrPlural").hide(); else $("#templateSearchResultNrPlural").show(); if(rs.resultsNr==0) { hideModal('templateSearchLoadingModal'); $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(""); $("#templateSearchResultContainerEmpty").removeClass("d-none"); showModal('templateSearchResultModal'); } else { if((rs.resultsNr - offset)>0) { html = html + generateShowMoreButton(offset, term); } $("#templateSearchResultContainerEmpty").addClass("d-none"); if( offset == INITIAL_OFFSET) { hideModal('templateSearchLoadingModal'); $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(html); showModal('templateSearchResultModal'); } else { $('#showMore').remove(); startHtml = $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(); $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(startHtml + html); } // prepareForPhotoSwipe(); } } } else { showError(-2, "invalid result"); } } else { showError(-3, "There was a problem with the request."); } } }; if(offset == INITIAL_OFFSET) { hideModal('templateSearchResultModal'); showModal('templateSearchLoadingModal'); } httpRequest.open("GET", FINDER_URL+"?project="+projectID+"&term="+encodeURI(term)+((offset>INITIAL_OFFSET)?("&offset="+(offset-INITIAL_OFFSET)) : "")); httpRequest.send(); searchRunning = true; } function _runSearch() { var projectID = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_projectID"]').content; var term = _searchTrimInput(SEARCH_INPUT.value); if(term.length > 0) { _sendAjax(projectID, term); } else { showError(2, 'Empty search term') } } function _searchTrimInput(str) { return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/gm, ''); } function run() { _addEventListener(); $('#templateSearchInfoBtn, #modalSearchInfoBtn').popover({ sanitize: false, html: true, content: $("#templateSearchInfo").html(), placement: "bottom", template: '<div class="popover" role="tooltip"><div class="arrow"></div><button class="m-1 float-right btn btn-sm btn-danger" id="templateSearchInfoClose"><i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i></button><h3 class="popover-header"></h3><div class="popover-body"></div></div>', title: "Search tips", }); $(document).click(function (e) { let t = $(e.target); let a = t && t.attr("data-toggle")!=="popover" && t.parent().attr("data-toggle")!=="popover"; let b = t && $(".popover").has(t).length===0; if(a && b) { $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide'); $('#modalSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide'); } }); $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').on('shown.bs.popover', function () { $("#templateSearchInfoClose").click(function(e){ $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide'); e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); }) $('#templateSearchResultModal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function(e) { $('body').off('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img'); var pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0]; var gallery = null; var paperListAvatar = []; var paperListAvatarThumb = []; $('.paperlist-avatar img').each(function(){ var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web'); var width = $(this).attr('data-width'); var height = $(this).attr('data-height'); var caption =$(this).attr('data-caption'); var figure = { src:webversion, w:width, h:height, title:caption }; paperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]); paperListAvatar.push(figure); }); $('body').on('click', '.paperlist-avatar img', function (e) { if(paperListAvatarThumb.length === 0 && paperListAvatar.length === 0){ $('.paperlist-avatar img').each(function(){ var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web'); var width = $(this).attr('data-width'); var height = $(this).attr('data-height'); var caption =$(this).attr('data-caption'); var figure = { src:webversion, w:width, h:height, title:caption }; paperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]); paperListAvatar.push(figure); }); } var target = $(this); var index = $('.paperlist-avatar img').index(target); var options = { showHideOpacity:true, bgOpacity:0.8, index:index, spacing:0.15, getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) { var thumbnail = paperListAvatarThumb[index]; var pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect(); return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width}; } }; gallery = new PhotoSwipe( pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default,[paperListAvatar[index]],options); gallery.init(); }); }); $('#templateSearchResultModal').on('hide.bs.modal', function(e) { $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModalHide").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); offset = INITIAL_OFFSET; }) $(document).on("click", "#showMore", function(e){ offset+=INITIAL_OFFSET; runSearchModal() e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); $(document).ready(function() { $(document).on("click", "#refineSearchModal", function (e) { $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); $(this).removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModalHide").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); }); $(document).on("click", "#refineSearchModalHide", function (e) { $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $(this).removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none'); $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block'); }); $(document).on("click", "#modal_start_site_search", function (e) { runSearchModal(); e.stopPropagation(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); }); } function runSearchModal() { var projectID = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_projectID"]').content; var queryString = $('#library-filters').serialize(); var term = _searchTrimInput($('#modal_search_query').val()); term+='&'+queryString; if(term.length > 0) { _sendAjax(projectID, term); } else { showError(2, 'Empty search term') } } if(document.getElementById('search_query_solr')) { run(); } </script> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header>  <main class="one-column version-2023"> <div id="content" class="container"> <div id="page_content_container" class="CMSCONTAINER row"> <div class="col"> <div class="article"> <div class="row no-gutters header-block mb-1 align-items-end"> <div class="col-12 col-xl-5"> <div class="row d-xl-none mb-3"> <div class="col-12" > <div class="d-none d-lg-block articleBackLink"> <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/">Articles</a> | <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/issue11.html">Volume 19, issue 11</a> </div> <div class="tab co-angel-left d-md-none"></div> <div class="tab co-angel-right d-md-none"></div> <div class="mobile-citation"> <ul class="tab-navigation no-styling"> <li class="tab1.articlf"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.html">Article</a></nobr></li><li class="tab2.assett"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-assets.html">Assets</a></nobr></li><li class="tab3.discussioo"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-discussion.html">Peer review</a></nobr></li><li class="tab450.metrict active"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-metrics.html">Metrics</a></nobr></li><li class="tab500.relationt"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-relations.html">Related articles</a></nobr></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none"> <span class="articleBackLink"><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/">Articles</a> | <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/issue11.html">Volume 19, issue 11</a> </span> <div class="citation-header" id="citation-content"> <div class="citation-doi">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7859-2019</div> <div class="citation-copyright">© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under <br class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet" />the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</div> </div> </div> <div class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet"> <div class="citation-header"> <div class="citation-doi">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7859-2019</div> <div class="citation-copyright">© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under <br class="hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet" />the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-7 d-none d-xl-block"> <div class="text-right articleBackLink"> <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/">Articles</a> | <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/issue11.html">Volume 19, issue 11</a> </div> <div class="tab co-angel-left d-md-none"></div> <div class="tab co-angel-right d-md-none"></div> <div class="mobile-citation"> <ul class="tab-navigation no-styling"> <li class="tab1.articlf"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.html">Article</a></nobr></li><li class="tab2.assett"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-assets.html">Assets</a></nobr></li><li class="tab3.discussioo"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-discussion.html">Peer review</a></nobr></li><li class="tab450.metrict active"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-metrics.html">Metrics</a></nobr></li><li class="tab500.relationt"><nobr><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019-relations.html">Related articles</a></nobr></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ms-type row no-gutters d-none d-lg-flex mb-1 mt-0 align-items-center"> <div class="col"> <div class="row no-gutters align-items-center"> <div class="col-auto"> Research article </div> <div class="col-auto">  | <strong>Highlight paper</strong> </div> <div class="col">  | <a target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license" class="licence-icon-svg"><img src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/licenceSVG_16.svg"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto text-right">12 Jun 2019</div> </div> <div class="ms-type row no-gutters d-lg-none mb-1 align-items-center"> <div class="col-12"> Research article | <strong>Highlight paper</strong> | <a target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license" class="licence-icon-svg "><img src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/licenceSVG_16.svg"></a> | <span>12 Jun 2019</span> </div> </div> <h1>Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015 </h1> <div class="mb-3 authors-with-affiliations"> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535107">Joannes D. Maasakkers<a href="mailto:maasakkers@fas.harvard.edu"><i class="fal fa-envelope ml-1"></i></a></span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535108">Daniel J. Jacob</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535109">Melissa P. Sulprizio</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535110">Tia R. Scarpelli</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535111">Hannah Nesser</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535112">Jian-Xiong Sheng</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535113">Yuzhong Zhang</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535114">Monica Hersher</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535115">A. Anthony Bloom</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535116">Kevin W. Bowman</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535117">John R. Worden</span>,</nobr> <nobr><span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535118">Greet Janssens-Maenhout</span>,</nobr> <nobr>and <span class="hover-cursor-pointer journal-contentLinkColor hover-underline" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".author535119">Robert J. Parker</span></nobr> </div> <div class="modal fade author535107" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Joannes D. Maasakkers</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12">CORRESPONDING AUTHOR</div> <div class="col-12"><a href="mailto:maasakkers@fas.harvard.edu"><i class="fal fa-envelope mr-2"></i>maasakkers@fas.harvard.edu</a></div> </div> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-0311" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-0311"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-0311</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> now at: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535108" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Daniel J. Jacob</h3> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535109" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Melissa P. Sulprizio</h3> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535110" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Tia R. Scarpelli</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-8732" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-8732"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-8732</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535111" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Hannah Nesser</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-037X" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-037X"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-037X</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535112" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Jian-Xiong Sheng</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-3883" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-3883"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-3883</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535113" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Yuzhong Zhang</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5431-5022" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5431-5022"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5431-5022</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535114" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Monica Hersher</h3> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535115" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">A. Anthony Bloom</h3> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535116" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Kevin W. Bowman</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-1117" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-1117"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-1117</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535117" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">John R. Worden</h3> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535118" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Greet Janssens-Maenhout</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-0709" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-0709"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-0709</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade author535119" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <h3 class="modal-title">Robert J. Parker</h3> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <a class="orcid-authors-logo" target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-0831" data-title="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-0831"><svg class="mr-2" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><image xlink:href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon.svg" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/orcid_icon_128x128.png" width="100%" height="100%"></image></svg>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-0831</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Earth Observation Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mb-3"> Leicester Institute for 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id="highcharts-container" style="height: 400px;"> <noscript> <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto"> <table class="no_script_metrics"> <thead> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>PDF</th> <th>XML</th> <th>Total</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jan 2019</td> <td>242</td> <td>92</td> <td>1</td> <td>335</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2019</td> <td>80</td> <td>158</td> <td>0</td> <td>238</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2019</td> <td>50</td> <td>130</td> <td>1</td> <td>181</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2019</td> <td>39</td> <td>61</td> <td>1</td> <td>101</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2019</td> <td>25</td> <td>71</td> <td>1</td> <td>97</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2019</td> <td>425</td> <td>165</td> <td>4</td> <td>594</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2019</td> <td>164</td> <td>87</td> <td>1</td> <td>252</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2019</td> <td>99</td> <td>52</td> <td>0</td> <td>151</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2019</td> <td>76</td> <td>44</td> <td>0</td> <td>120</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2019</td> <td>47</td> <td>39</td> <td>1</td> <td>87</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2019</td> <td>65</td> <td>35</td> <td>1</td> <td>101</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2019</td> <td>73</td> <td>58</td> <td>0</td> <td>131</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2020</td> <td>71</td> <td>35</td> <td>1</td> <td>107</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2020</td> <td>69</td> <td>40</td> <td>1</td> <td>110</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2020</td> <td>52</td> <td>28</td> <td>1</td> <td>81</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2020</td> <td>173</td> <td>44</td> <td>1</td> <td>218</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2020</td> <td>150</td> <td>36</td> <td>1</td> <td>187</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2020</td> <td>67</td> <td>30</td> <td>0</td> <td>97</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2020</td> <td>96</td> <td>40</td> <td>4</td> <td>140</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2020</td> <td>84</td> <td>39</td> <td>1</td> <td>124</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2020</td> <td>119</td> <td>27</td> <td>1</td> <td>147</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2020</td> <td>87</td> <td>23</td> <td>0</td> <td>110</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2020</td> <td>89</td> <td>17</td> <td>0</td> <td>106</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2020</td> <td>119</td> <td>23</td> <td>0</td> <td>142</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2021</td> <td>156</td> <td>38</td> <td>0</td> <td>194</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2021</td> <td>194</td> <td>40</td> <td>0</td> <td>234</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2021</td> <td>247</td> <td>67</td> <td>1</td> <td>315</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2021</td> <td>215</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>263</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>201</td> <td>31</td> <td>1</td> <td>233</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2021</td> <td>173</td> <td>33</td> <td>1</td> <td>207</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2021</td> <td>197</td> <td>43</td> <td>1</td> <td>241</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2021</td> <td>175</td> <td>51</td> <td>0</td> <td>226</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2021</td> <td>161</td> <td>30</td> <td>0</td> <td>191</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2021</td> <td>167</td> <td>54</td> <td>0</td> <td>221</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2021</td> <td>398</td> <td>63</td> <td>5</td> <td>466</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2021</td> <td>211</td> <td>42</td> <td>2</td> <td>255</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2022</td> <td>206</td> <td>43</td> <td>4</td> <td>253</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2022</td> <td>201</td> <td>40</td> <td>3</td> <td>244</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2022</td> <td>186</td> <td>33</td> <td>2</td> <td>221</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2022</td> <td>188</td> <td>27</td> <td>2</td> <td>217</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2022</td> <td>162</td> <td>30</td> <td>2</td> <td>194</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2022</td> <td>178</td> <td>25</td> <td>0</td> <td>203</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2022</td> <td>202</td> <td>23</td> <td>2</td> <td>227</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2022</td> <td>207</td> <td>25</td> <td>0</td> <td>232</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2022</td> <td>183</td> <td>37</td> <td>0</td> <td>220</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2022</td> <td>175</td> <td>18</td> <td>3</td> <td>196</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2022</td> <td>187</td> <td>32</td> <td>2</td> <td>221</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2022</td> <td>166</td> <td>27</td> <td>3</td> <td>196</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2023</td> <td>168</td> <td>41</td> <td>0</td> <td>209</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2023</td> <td>183</td> <td>30</td> <td>1</td> <td>214</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2023</td> <td>216</td> <td>47</td> <td>2</td> <td>265</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2023</td> <td>226</td> <td>31</td> <td>0</td> <td>257</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2023</td> <td>183</td> <td>35</td> <td>5</td> <td>223</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2023</td> <td>205</td> <td>44</td> <td>12</td> <td>261</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2023</td> <td>220</td> <td>42</td> <td>11</td> <td>273</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2023</td> <td>190</td> <td>35</td> <td>9</td> <td>234</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2023</td> <td>251</td> <td>41</td> <td>9</td> <td>301</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2023</td> <td>303</td> <td>55</td> <td>11</td> <td>369</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2023</td> <td>190</td> <td>24</td> <td>4</td> <td>218</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2023</td> <td>294</td> <td>40</td> <td>11</td> <td>345</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2024</td> <td>234</td> <td>32</td> <td>2</td> <td>268</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2024</td> <td>238</td> <td>40</td> <td>1</td> <td>279</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2024</td> <td>198</td> <td>50</td> <td>2</td> <td>250</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2024</td> <td>265</td> <td>47</td> <td>3</td> <td>315</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2024</td> <td>258</td> <td>74</td> <td>2</td> <td>334</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2024</td> <td>228</td> <td>23</td> <td>11</td> <td>262</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2024</td> <td>636</td> <td>28</td> <td>2</td> <td>666</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2024</td> <td>238</td> <td>37</td> <td>3</td> <td>278</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2024</td> <td>226</td> <td>22</td> <td>1</td> <td>249</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2024</td> <td>210</td> <td>16</td> <td>2</td> <td>228</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2024</td> <td>261</td> <td>20</td> <td>3</td> <td>284</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2024</td> <td>223</td> <td>21</td> <td>4</td> <td>248</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2025</td> <td>167</td> <td>40</td> <td>0</td> <td>207</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2025</td> <td>125</td> <td>14</td> <td>2</td> <td>141</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </noscript> <script> $(function () { setTimeout(function (){ if($(document).width() < 510){ $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; } else { $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; } }, 1000); $(window).on('resize', function (){ if($(document).width() < 510){ $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; } else { $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; } }); }); </script> </div> <strong class="metrics-headline">Cumulative views and downloads </strong> (calculated since 18 Jan 2019) <div id="highcharts-container-cumulative" style="height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"> <noscript> <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto"> <table class="no_script_metrics"> <thead> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>HTML views</th> <th>PDF downloads</th> <th>XML downloads</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jan 2019</td> <td>242</td> <td>92</td> <td>1</td> <td>335</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2019</td> <td>322</td> <td>250</td> <td>1</td> <td>573</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2019</td> <td>372</td> <td>380</td> <td>2</td> <td>754</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2019</td> <td>411</td> <td>441</td> <td>3</td> <td>855</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2019</td> <td>436</td> <td>512</td> <td>4</td> <td>952</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2019</td> <td>861</td> <td>677</td> <td>8</td> <td>1,546</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2019</td> <td>1,025</td> <td>764</td> <td>9</td> <td>1,798</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2019</td> <td>1,124</td> <td>816</td> <td>9</td> <td>1,949</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2019</td> <td>1,200</td> <td>860</td> <td>9</td> <td>2,069</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2019</td> <td>1,247</td> <td>899</td> <td>10</td> <td>2,156</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2019</td> <td>1,312</td> <td>934</td> <td>11</td> <td>2,257</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2019</td> <td>1,385</td> <td>992</td> <td>11</td> <td>2,388</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2020</td> <td>1,456</td> <td>1,027</td> <td>12</td> <td>2,495</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2020</td> <td>1,525</td> <td>1,067</td> <td>13</td> <td>2,605</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2020</td> <td>1,577</td> <td>1,095</td> <td>14</td> <td>2,686</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2020</td> <td>1,750</td> <td>1,139</td> <td>15</td> <td>2,904</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2020</td> <td>1,900</td> <td>1,175</td> <td>16</td> <td>3,091</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2020</td> <td>1,967</td> <td>1,205</td> <td>16</td> <td>3,188</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2020</td> <td>2,063</td> <td>1,245</td> <td>20</td> <td>3,328</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2020</td> <td>2,147</td> <td>1,284</td> <td>21</td> <td>3,452</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2020</td> <td>2,266</td> <td>1,311</td> <td>22</td> <td>3,599</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2020</td> <td>2,353</td> <td>1,334</td> <td>22</td> <td>3,709</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2020</td> <td>2,442</td> <td>1,351</td> <td>22</td> <td>3,815</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2020</td> <td>2,561</td> <td>1,374</td> <td>22</td> <td>3,957</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2021</td> <td>2,717</td> <td>1,412</td> <td>22</td> <td>4,151</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2021</td> <td>2,911</td> <td>1,452</td> <td>22</td> <td>4,385</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2021</td> <td>3,158</td> <td>1,519</td> <td>23</td> <td>4,700</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2021</td> <td>3,373</td> <td>1,567</td> <td>23</td> <td>4,963</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>3,574</td> <td>1,598</td> <td>24</td> <td>5,196</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2021</td> 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style="display:none" class="metrics-viewed final"> <strong class="metrics-headline">Total article views: 15,234</strong> (including HTML, PDF, and XML) <table id="pageViewsTable" class="hide-on-mobile"> <tbody> <tr class="col-6"> <th nowrap="nowrap">HTML</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">PDF</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">XML</th> <th nowrap="nowrap" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCC">Total</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">BibTeX</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">EndNote</th> </tr> <tr> <td>12,870</td> <td>2,200</td> <td>164</td> <td class="total" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCC">15,234</td> <td>181</td> <td>202</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet no-styling"> <li>HTML: 12,870</li> <li>PDF: 2,200</li> <li>XML: 164</li> <li>Total: 15,234</li> <li>BibTeX: 181</li> <li>EndNote: 202</li> </ul> <strong class="metrics-headline">Views and downloads </strong> (calculated since 12 Jun 2019) <div id="highcharts-container" style="height: 400px;"> <noscript> <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto"> <table class="no_script_metrics"> <thead> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>PDF</th> <th>XML</th> <th>Total</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jun 2019</td> <td>404</td> <td>144</td> <td>4</td> <td>552</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2019</td> <td>154</td> <td>83</td> <td>1</td> <td>238</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2019</td> <td>97</td> <td>35</td> <td>0</td> <td>132</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2019</td> <td>72</td> <td>41</td> <td>0</td> <td>113</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2019</td> <td>44</td> <td>34</td> <td>1</td> <td>79</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2019</td> <td>60</td> <td>29</td> <td>1</td> <td>90</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2019</td> <td>71</td> <td>42</td> <td>0</td> <td>113</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2020</td> <td>67</td> <td>33</td> <td>1</td> <td>101</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2020</td> <td>67</td> <td>35</td> <td>1</td> <td>103</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2020</td> <td>50</td> <td>22</td> <td>1</td> <td>73</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2020</td> <td>172</td> <td>38</td> <td>1</td> <td>211</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2020</td> <td>148</td> <td>34</td> <td>1</td> <td>183</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2020</td> <td>64</td> <td>21</td> <td>0</td> <td>85</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2020</td> <td>94</td> <td>26</td> <td>4</td> <td>124</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2020</td> <td>84</td> <td>32</td> <td>1</td> <td>117</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2020</td> <td>118</td> <td>19</td> <td>1</td> <td>138</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2020</td> <td>86</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>102</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2020</td> <td>89</td> <td>14</td> <td>0</td> <td>103</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2020</td> <td>119</td> <td>15</td> <td>0</td> <td>134</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2021</td> <td>155</td> <td>27</td> <td>0</td> <td>182</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2021</td> <td>191</td> <td>28</td> <td>0</td> <td>219</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2021</td> <td>242</td> <td>55</td> <td>1</td> <td>298</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2021</td> <td>213</td> <td>31</td> <td>0</td> <td>244</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>199</td> <td>26</td> <td>1</td> <td>226</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2021</td> <td>169</td> <td>23</td> <td>1</td> <td>193</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2021</td> <td>196</td> <td>34</td> <td>1</td> <td>231</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2021</td> <td>174</td> <td>34</td> <td>0</td> <td>208</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2021</td> <td>161</td> <td>26</td> <td>0</td> <td>187</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2021</td> <td>165</td> <td>46</td> <td>0</td> <td>211</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2021</td> <td>394</td> <td>55</td> <td>4</td> <td>453</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2021</td> <td>210</td> <td>31</td> <td>2</td> <td>243</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2022</td> <td>206</td> <td>37</td> <td>4</td> <td>247</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2022</td> <td>201</td> <td>28</td> <td>3</td> <td>232</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2022</td> <td>185</td> <td>28</td> <td>2</td> <td>215</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2022</td> <td>188</td> <td>19</td> <td>2</td> <td>209</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2022</td> <td>162</td> <td>27</td> <td>2</td> <td>191</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2022</td> <td>175</td> <td>20</td> <td>0</td> <td>195</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2022</td> <td>198</td> <td>18</td> <td>2</td> <td>218</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2022</td> <td>205</td> <td>18</td> <td>0</td> <td>223</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2022</td> <td>182</td> <td>33</td> <td>0</td> <td>215</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2022</td> <td>174</td> <td>14</td> <td>3</td> <td>191</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2022</td> <td>187</td> <td>24</td> <td>2</td> <td>213</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2022</td> <td>164</td> <td>22</td> <td>3</td> <td>189</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2023</td> <td>167</td> <td>29</td> <td>0</td> <td>196</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2023</td> <td>181</td> <td>21</td> <td>1</td> <td>203</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2023</td> <td>213</td> <td>34</td> <td>2</td> <td>249</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2023</td> <td>225</td> <td>27</td> <td>0</td> <td>252</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2023</td> <td>183</td> <td>30</td> <td>5</td> <td>218</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2023</td> <td>204</td> <td>40</td> <td>12</td> <td>256</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2023</td> <td>219</td> <td>38</td> <td>11</td> <td>268</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2023</td> <td>190</td> <td>32</td> <td>9</td> <td>231</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2023</td> <td>250</td> <td>38</td> <td>9</td> <td>297</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2023</td> <td>301</td> <td>47</td> <td>11</td> <td>359</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2023</td> <td>190</td> <td>19</td> <td>4</td> <td>213</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2023</td> <td>289</td> <td>38</td> <td>11</td> <td>338</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2024</td> <td>234</td> <td>30</td> <td>2</td> <td>266</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2024</td> <td>237</td> <td>34</td> <td>1</td> <td>272</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2024</td> <td>198</td> <td>49</td> <td>2</td> <td>249</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2024</td> <td>265</td> <td>38</td> <td>3</td> <td>306</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2024</td> <td>257</td> <td>64</td> <td>2</td> <td>323</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2024</td> <td>228</td> <td>16</td> <td>11</td> <td>255</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2024</td> <td>635</td> <td>22</td> <td>2</td> <td>659</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2024</td> <td>237</td> <td>25</td> <td>3</td> <td>265</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2024</td> <td>226</td> <td>18</td> <td>1</td> <td>245</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2024</td> <td>210</td> <td>9</td> <td>2</td> <td>221</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2024</td> <td>260</td> <td>20</td> <td>3</td> <td>283</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2024</td> <td>223</td> <td>21</td> <td>4</td> <td>248</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2025</td> <td>167</td> <td>33</td> <td>0</td> <td>200</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2025</td> <td>125</td> <td>11</td> <td>2</td> <td>138</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </noscript> <script> $(function () { setTimeout(function (){ if($(document).width() < 510){ $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; } else { $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; } }, 1000); $(window).on('resize', function (){ if($(document).width() < 510){ $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; } else { $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; } }); }); </script> </div> <strong class="metrics-headline">Cumulative views and downloads </strong> (calculated since 12 Jun 2019) <div id="highcharts-container-cumulative" style="height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"> <noscript> <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto"> <table class="no_script_metrics"> <thead> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>HTML views</th> <th>PDF downloads</th> <th>XML downloads</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jun 2019</td> <td>404</td> <td>144</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2019</td> <td>558</td> <td>227</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2019</td> <td>655</td> <td>262</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2019</td> <td>727</td> <td>303</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2019</td> <td>771</td> <td>337</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2019</td> <td>831</td> <td>366</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2019</td> <td>902</td> <td>408</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2020</td> <td>969</td> <td>441</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2020</td> <td>1,036</td> <td>476</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2020</td> <td>1,086</td> <td>498</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2020</td> <td>1,258</td> <td>536</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2020</td> <td>1,406</td> <td>570</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2020</td> <td>1,470</td> <td>591</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2020</td> <td>1,564</td> <td>617</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2020</td> <td>1,648</td> <td>649</td> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2020</td> <td>1,766</td> <td>668</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2020</td> <td>1,852</td> <td>684</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2020</td> <td>1,941</td> <td>698</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2020</td> <td>2,060</td> <td>713</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2021</td> <td>2,215</td> <td>740</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2021</td> <td>2,406</td> <td>768</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2021</td> <td>2,648</td> <td>823</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2021</td> <td>2,861</td> <td>854</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>3,060</td> <td>880</td> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2021</td> <td>3,229</td> <td>903</td> <td>21</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2021</td> <td>3,425</td> <td>937</td> <td>22</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2021</td> <td>3,599</td> <td>971</td> <td>22</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2021</td> <td>3,760</td> <td>997</td> <td>22</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2021</td> <td>3,925</td> <td>1,043</td> <td>22</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2021</td> <td>4,319</td> <td>1,098</td> <td>26</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2021</td> <td>4,529</td> <td>1,129</td> <td>28</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2022</td> <td>4,735</td> <td>1,166</td> <td>32</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2022</td> <td>4,936</td> <td>1,194</td> <td>35</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2022</td> <td>5,121</td> <td>1,222</td> <td>37</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2022</td> <td>5,309</td> <td>1,241</td> <td>39</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2022</td> <td>5,471</td> <td>1,268</td> <td>41</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2022</td> <td>5,646</td> <td>1,288</td> <td>41</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2022</td> <td>5,844</td> <td>1,306</td> <td>43</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2022</td> <td>6,049</td> <td>1,324</td> <td>43</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2022</td> <td>6,231</td> <td>1,357</td> <td>43</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2022</td> <td>6,405</td> <td>1,371</td> <td>46</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2022</td> <td>6,592</td> <td>1,395</td> <td>48</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2022</td> <td>6,756</td> <td>1,417</td> <td>51</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2023</td> <td>6,923</td> <td>1,446</td> <td>51</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2023</td> <td>7,104</td> <td>1,467</td> <td>52</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2023</td> <td>7,317</td> <td>1,501</td> <td>54</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2023</td> <td>7,542</td> <td>1,528</td> <td>54</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2023</td> <td>7,725</td> <td>1,558</td> <td>59</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2023</td> <td>7,929</td> <td>1,598</td> <td>71</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2023</td> <td>8,148</td> <td>1,636</td> <td>82</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2023</td> <td>8,338</td> <td>1,668</td> <td>91</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2023</td> <td>8,588</td> <td>1,706</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2023</td> <td>8,889</td> <td>1,753</td> <td>111</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2023</td> <td>9,079</td> <td>1,772</td> <td>115</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2023</td> <td>9,368</td> <td>1,810</td> <td>126</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2024</td> <td>9,602</td> <td>1,840</td> <td>128</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2024</td> <td>9,839</td> <td>1,874</td> <td>129</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2024</td> <td>10,037</td> <td>1,923</td> <td>131</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2024</td> <td>10,302</td> <td>1,961</td> <td>134</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2024</td> <td>10,559</td> <td>2,025</td> <td>136</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2024</td> <td>10,787</td> <td>2,041</td> <td>147</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2024</td> <td>11,422</td> <td>2,063</td> <td>149</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2024</td> <td>11,659</td> <td>2,088</td> <td>152</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2024</td> <td>11,885</td> <td>2,106</td> <td>153</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2024</td> <td>12,095</td> <td>2,115</td> <td>155</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2024</td> <td>12,355</td> <td>2,135</td> <td>158</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2024</td> <td>12,578</td> <td>2,156</td> <td>162</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2025</td> <td>12,745</td> <td>2,189</td> <td>162</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2025</td> <td>12,870</td> <td>2,200</td> <td>164</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </noscript> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var discussionsCategories = ["Jan 2019","Feb 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categoriesSwitch['discussions'] = discussionsCategories; seriesSwitch['discussions'] = discussionsSeries; cumulativeSeriesSwitch['discussions'] = discussionsSeriesCumulative; var config = {}; </script> <div style="display:none" class="metrics-viewed discussions"> <strong class="metrics-headline">Total article views: 1,571</strong> (including HTML, PDF, and XML) <table id="pageViewsTable" class="hide-on-mobile"> <tbody> <tr class="col-6"> <th nowrap="nowrap">HTML</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">PDF</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">XML</th> <th nowrap="nowrap" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCC">Total</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">BibTeX</th> <th nowrap="nowrap">EndNote</th> </tr> <tr> <td>563</td> <td>1,003</td> <td>5</td> <td class="total" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCC">1,571</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet no-styling"> <li>HTML: 563</li> <li>PDF: 1,003</li> <li>XML: 5</li> <li>Total: 1,571</li> <li>BibTeX: 9</li> <li>EndNote: 10</li> </ul> <strong class="metrics-headline">Views and downloads </strong> (calculated since 18 Jan 2019) <div id="highcharts-container" style="height: 400px;"> <noscript> <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto"> <table class="no_script_metrics"> <thead> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>HTML</th> <th>PDF</th> <th>XML</th> <th>Total</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jan 2019</td> <td>242</td> <td>92</td> <td>1</td> <td>335</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2019</td> <td>80</td> <td>158</td> <td>0</td> <td>238</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2019</td> <td>50</td> <td>130</td> <td>1</td> <td>181</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2019</td> <td>39</td> <td>61</td> <td>1</td> <td>101</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2019</td> <td>25</td> <td>71</td> <td>1</td> <td>97</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2019</td> <td>21</td> <td>21</td> <td>0</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2019</td> <td>10</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2019</td> <td>2</td> <td>17</td> <td>0</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2019</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2019</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2019</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2019</td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2020</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2020</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2020</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2020</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2020</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2020</td> <td>3</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2020</td> <td>2</td> <td>14</td> <td>0</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2020</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2020</td> <td>1</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2020</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2020</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2020</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2021</td> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2021</td> <td>3</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2021</td> <td>5</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2021</td> <td>2</td> <td>17</td> <td>0</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2021</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>0</td> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2021</td> <td>1</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2021</td> <td>1</td> <td>17</td> <td>0</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2021</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2021</td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2021</td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2021</td> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2022</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2022</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2022</td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2022</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2022</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2022</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2022</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2022</td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2022</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2022</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2022</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2022</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2023</td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2023</td> <td>2</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2023</td> <td>3</td> <td>13</td> <td>0</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2023</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2023</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2023</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2023</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2023</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2023</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2023</td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2023</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2023</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2024</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2024</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2024</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2024</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2024</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2024</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2025</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2025</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </noscript> <script> $(function () { setTimeout(function (){ if($(document).width() < 510){ $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; $('#highcharts-container-cumulative').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=5; } else { $('#highcharts-container').highcharts().scroller.scrollbar.element.height.baseVal.value=20; 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<tr> <td>Jan 2019</td> <td>242</td> <td>92</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2019</td> <td>322</td> <td>250</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2019</td> <td>372</td> <td>380</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2019</td> <td>411</td> <td>441</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2019</td> <td>436</td> <td>512</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2019</td> <td>457</td> <td>533</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2019</td> <td>467</td> <td>537</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2019</td> <td>469</td> <td>554</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2019</td> <td>473</td> <td>557</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2019</td> <td>476</td> <td>562</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2019</td> <td>481</td> <td>568</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2019</td> <td>483</td> <td>584</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2020</td> <td>487</td> <td>586</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2020</td> <td>489</td> <td>591</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2020</td> <td>491</td> <td>597</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2020</td> <td>492</td> <td>603</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2020</td> <td>494</td> <td>605</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2020</td> <td>497</td> <td>614</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2020</td> <td>499</td> <td>628</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2020</td> <td>499</td> <td>635</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2020</td> <td>500</td> <td>643</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2020</td> <td>501</td> <td>650</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2020</td> <td>501</td> <td>653</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2020</td> <td>501</td> <td>661</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2021</td> <td>502</td> <td>672</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2021</td> <td>505</td> <td>684</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2021</td> <td>510</td> <td>696</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2021</td> <td>512</td> <td>713</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>514</td> <td>718</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2021</td> <td>518</td> <td>728</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2021</td> <td>519</td> <td>737</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2021</td> <td>520</td> <td>754</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2021</td> <td>520</td> <td>758</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2021</td> <td>522</td> <td>766</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2021</td> <td>526</td> <td>774</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2021</td> <td>527</td> <td>785</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2022</td> <td>527</td> <td>791</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2022</td> <td>527</td> <td>803</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2022</td> <td>528</td> <td>808</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2022</td> <td>528</td> <td>816</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2022</td> <td>528</td> <td>819</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2022</td> <td>531</td> <td>824</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2022</td> <td>535</td> <td>829</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2022</td> <td>537</td> <td>836</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2022</td> <td>538</td> <td>840</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2022</td> <td>539</td> <td>844</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2022</td> <td>539</td> <td>852</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2022</td> <td>541</td> <td>857</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2023</td> <td>542</td> <td>869</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2023</td> <td>544</td> <td>878</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2023</td> <td>547</td> <td>891</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2023</td> <td>548</td> <td>895</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2023</td> <td>548</td> <td>900</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2023</td> <td>549</td> <td>904</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2023</td> <td>550</td> <td>908</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2023</td> <td>550</td> <td>911</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2023</td> <td>551</td> <td>914</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2023</td> <td>553</td> <td>922</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2023</td> <td>553</td> <td>927</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2023</td> <td>558</td> <td>929</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2024</td> <td>558</td> <td>931</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2024</td> <td>559</td> <td>937</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2024</td> <td>559</td> <td>938</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2024</td> <td>559</td> <td>947</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2024</td> <td>560</td> <td>957</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2024</td> <td>560</td> <td>964</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jul 2024</td> <td>561</td> <td>970</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2024</td> <td>562</td> <td>982</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sep 2024</td> <td>562</td> <td>986</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2024</td> <td>562</td> <td>993</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2024</td> <td>563</td> <td>993</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dec 2024</td> <td>563</td> <td>993</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jan 2025</td> <td>563</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2025</td> <td>563</td> <td>1,003</td> <td>5</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </noscript> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function 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,[-24,-14],[-25,-44],[-27,-25],[-16,-28],[-6,-27],[0,-41],[1,-28],[5,-20]],[[1746,6980],[-4,30],[-18,34],[-13,7],[-3,17],[-16,3],[-10,16],[-26,6],[-7,9],[-3,32],[-27,60],[-23,82],[1,14],[-13,19],[-21,50],[-4,48],[-15,32],[6,49],[-1,51],[-8,45],[10,56],[4,53],[3,54],[-5,79],[-9,51],[-8,27],[4,12],[40,-20],[15,-56],[7,15],[-5,49],[-9,48]],[[750,8432],[-28,-23],[-14,15],[-4,28],[25,21],[15,9],[18,-4],[12,-18],[-24,-28]],[[401,8597],[-18,-9],[-18,11],[-17,16],[28,10],[22,-6],[3,-22]],[[230,8826],[17,-12],[17,6],[23,-15],[27,-8],[-2,-7],[-21,-12],[-21,13],[-11,11],[-24,-4],[-7,5],[2,23]],[[1374,8295],[-15,22],[-25,19],[-8,52],[-36,47],[-15,56],[-26,4],[-44,2],[-33,17],[-57,61],[-27,11],[-49,21],[-38,-5],[-55,27],[-33,25],[-30,-12],[5,-41],[-15,-4],[-32,-12],[-25,-20],[-30,-13],[-4,35],[12,58],[30,18],[-8,15],[-35,-33],[-19,-39],[-40,-42],[20,-29],[-26,-42],[-30,-25],[-28,-18],[-7,-26],[-43,-31],[-9,-28],[-32,-25],[-20,5],[-25,-17],[-29,-20],[-23,-20],[-47,-16],[-5,9],[31,28],[27,18],[29,33],[35,6],[14,25],[38,35],[6,12],[21,21],[5,44],[14,35],[-32,-18],[-9,11],[-15,-22],[-18,30],[-8,-21],[-10,29],[-28,-23],[-17,0],[-3,35],[5,21],[-17,22],[-37,-12],[-23,28],[-19,14],[0,34],[-22,25],[11,34],[23,33],[10,30],[22,4],[19,-9],[23,28],[20,-5],[21,19],[-5,27],[-16,10],[21,23],[-17,-1],[-30,-13],[-8,-13],[-22,13],[-39,-6],[-41,14],[-12,24],[-35,34],[39,25],[62,29],[23,0],[-4,-30],[59,2],[-23,37],[-34,23],[-20,29],[-26,25],[-38,19],[15,31],[49,2],[35,27],[7,29],[28,28],[28,6],[52,27],[26,-4],[42,31],[42,-12],[21,-27],[12,11],[47,-3],[-2,-14],[43,-10],[28,6],[59,-18],[53,-6],[21,-8],[37,10],[42,-18],[31,-8]],[[3018,5753],[-1,-14],[-16,-7],[9,-26],[0,-31],[-12,-35],[10,-47],[12,4],[6,43],[-8,21],[-2,45],[35,24],[-4,27],[10,19],[10,-41],[19,-1],[18,-33],[1,-20],[25,0],[30,6],[16,-27],[21,-7],[16,18],[0,15],[34,4],[34,1],[-24,-18],[10,-28],[22,-4],[21,-29],[4,-48],[15,2],[11,-14]],[[8001,6331],[-37,-51],[-24,-56],[-6,-41],[22,-62],[25,-77],[26,-37],[17,-47],[12,-109],[-3,-104],[-24,-39],[-31,-38],[-23,-49],[-35,-55],[-10,37],[8,40],[-21,34]],[[9661,4085],[-9,-8],[-9,26],[1,16],[17,-34]],[[9641,4175],[4,-47],[-7,7],[-6,-3],[-4,16],[0,45],[13,-18]],[[6475,6041],[-21,-16],[-5,-26],[-1,-20],[-27,-25],[-45,-28],[-24,-41],[-13,-3],[-8,3],[-16,-25],[-18,-11],[-23,-3],[-7,-3],[-6,-16],[-8,-4],[-4,-15],[-14,1],[-9,-8],[-19,3],[-7,35],[1,32],[-5,17],[-5,44],[-8,24],[5,3],[-2,27],[3,12],[-1,25]],[[5817,3752],[11,0],[14,-10],[9,7],[15,-6]],[[5911,3478],[-7,-43],[-3,-49],[-7,-27],[-19,-30],[-5,-8],[-12,-30],[-8,-31],[-16,-42],[-31,-61],[-20,-36],[-21,-26],[-29,-23],[-14,-3],[-3,-17],[-17,9],[-14,-11],[-30,11],[-17,-7],[-12,3],[-28,-23],[-24,-10],[-17,-22],[-13,-1],[-11,21],[-10,1],[-12,26],[-1,-8],[-4,16],[0,34],[-9,40],[9,11],[0,45],[-19,55],[-14,50],[0,1],[-20,76]],[[5840,4141],[-21,-8],[-15,-23],[-4,-21],[-10,-4],[-24,-49],[-15,-38],[-10,-2],[-9,7],[-31,7]]], transform:{scale:[.036003600360036005,.016927109510951093],translate:[-180,-85.609038]}}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.copernicus.org/libraries/d3/v3/d3.v3.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.copernicus.org/libraries/d3/v3/topojson.v1.min.js"></script> <div><h2>Viewed (geographical distribution)</h2></div> <div class="metrics-border"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-60 grid-parent"> <div class="viewedGeographySwitch"> <form autocomplete="off"> <div class="radio"> <label> <input type="radio" class="show-hide" name="papers" value="complete" data-bubble="true" data-show=".metrics-viewed-geography.complete" data-hide=".metrics-viewed-geography.final,.metrics-viewed-geography.discussions" checked="checked"> Show all </label> <label> <input type="radio" class="show-hide" name="papers" value="final" data-bubble="true" data-show=".metrics-viewed-geography.final" data-hide=".metrics-viewed-geography.complete,.metrics-viewed-geography.discussions"> Final revised paper only </label> <label> <input type="radio" class="show-hide" name="papers" data-bubble="true" value="discussions" data-show=".metrics-viewed-geography.discussions" data-hide=".metrics-viewed-geography.final,.metrics-viewed-geography.complete"> Preprint only </label> </div> </form> </div> <div class="metrics-viewed-geography complete" style="display: block"> <strong class="metrics-headline">Total article views: 16,805</strong> (including HTML, PDF, and XML) <strong class="metrics-headline normal">Thereof 16,059 with geography defined and 746 with unknown origin. </strong> </div> <div class="metrics-viewed-geography final" style="display: none"> <strong class="metrics-headline">Total article views: 15,234</strong> (including HTML, PDF, and XML) <strong class="metrics-headline normal">Thereof 14,772 with geography defined and 462 with unknown origin. </strong> </div> <div class="metrics-viewed-geography discussions" style="display: none"> <strong class="metrics-headline">Total article views: 1,571</strong> (including HTML, PDF, and XML) <strong class="metrics-headline normal">Thereof 1,287 with geography defined and 284 with unknown origin. </strong> </div> </div> <div class="grid-40 grid-parent"> <div class="map-complete top-countries metrics-viewed-geography complete" style="display: block"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th class="country">Country</th> <th>#</th> <th> <span class="hide-on-mobile ">Views</span><i class="co-detail hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"></i> </th> <th>%</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="map-final top-countries metrics-viewed-geography final" style="display: none"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th class="country">Country</th> <th>#</th> <th> <span class="hide-on-mobile ">Views</span><i class="co-detail hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"></i> </th> <th>%</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="map-discussions top-countries metrics-viewed-geography discussions" style="display: none"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th class="country">Country</th> <th>#</th> <th> <span class="hide-on-mobile ">Views</span><i class="co-detail hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet"></i> </th> <th>%</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="map-complete" class="metrics-viewed-geography complete" style="display: block"> <div class="country-details" style="display: none"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2"></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="total"> <td>Total:</td> <td class="value">0</td> </tr> <tr class="html"> <td>HTML:</td> <td class="value">0</td> </tr> <tr class="pdf"> <td>PDF:</td> <td class="value">0</td> </tr> <tr class="xml"> <td>XML:</td> <td class="value">0</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="map"> <div class="country-legend hide-on-mobile"> <ul class="no-styling"> <li class="start">1</li> <li class="color-range-0"></li> <li 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Barkley et al.</span> <span>10.1029/2020JD034194</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000871" target="_blank"> <strong>Verifying Methane Inventories and Trends With Atmospheric Methane Data</strong> <span>J. Worden et al.</span> <span>10.1029/2023AV000871</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2402730121" target="_blank"> <strong>Inverse modeling of 2010–2022 satellite observations shows that inundation of the wet tropics drove the 2020–2022 methane surge</strong> <span>Z. Qu et al.</span> <span>10.1073/pnas.2402730121</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5429-2024" target="_blank"> <strong>Methane retrieval from MethaneAIR using the CO2 proxy approach: a demonstration for the upcoming MethaneSAT mission</strong> <span>C. Chan Miller et al.</span> <span>10.5194/amt-17-5429-2024</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4555-2022" target="_blank"> <strong>Order of magnitude wall time improvement of variational methane inversions by physical parallelization: a demonstration using TM5-4DVAR</strong> <span>S. Pandey et al.</span> <span>10.5194/gmd-15-4555-2022</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7775-2021" target="_blank"> <strong>How well can inverse analyses of high-resolution satellite data resolve heterogeneous methane fluxes? Observing system simulation experiments with the GEOS-Chem adjoint model (v35)</strong> <span>X. Yu et al.</span> <span>10.5194/gmd-14-7775-2021</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abn9683" target="_blank"> <strong>Using satellites to uncover large methane emissions from landfills</strong> <span>J. 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Tibrewal et al.</span> <span>10.1038/s43247-023-01190-w</span> </a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div style="display:none" class="metrics-cited discussions"> <div class="metrics-tile metrics-tile-crossref" id="metrics-10-73782-crossref"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Toggle crossref metric details"> <img class="metrics-tile-image" alt="" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/metrics_logo_crossref.png"> </a> <div class="metrics-tile-footer"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Toggle crossref metric details">2</a> </div> </div> <div class="metrics-tile" id="metrics-10-73782-googlescholar"> <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Global+distribution+of+methane+emissions%2C+emission+trends%2C+and+OH+concentrations+and+trends+inferred+from+an+inversion+of+GOSAT+satellite+data+for+2010%E2%80%932015" target="_blank"> <img class="metrics-tile-image" alt="" src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/metrics_logo_google-scholar.png"> </a> <div class="metrics-tile-footer"> <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Global+distribution+of+methane+emissions%2C+emission+trends%2C+and+OH+concentrations+and+trends+inferred+from+an+inversion+of+GOSAT+satellite+data+for+2010%E2%80%932015" target="_blank">Search</a> </div> </div> <div id="metrics-crossref-events" style="display: none"> <h3 class="metrics-crossref-headline">2 citations as recorded by crossref.</h3> <ol class="metrics-crossref"> <li> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00294" target="_blank"> <strong>Bottom-Up Estimates of Coal Mine Methane Emissions in China: A Gridded Inventory, Emission Factors, and Trends</strong> <span>J. 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Zhang et al.</span> <span>10.5194/acp-18-15959-2018</span> </a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { $('.metrics-tile').on('click', function () { var parent = $(this).parent('.metrics-cited'); parent.find('[id$="events"]').fadeToggle('slow'); parent.find('.metrics-tile').toggleClass('low-opacity'); $(this).toggleClass('low-opacity'); }); }); </script> <div class="metrics-latest-update">Latest update: 20 Feb 2025</div></div> </div>  <div id="leftColumnExtras" class="CMSCONTAINER w-sidebar col-auto d-none d-lg-block pt-2"> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Download</div> <div class="content"> <ul class="additional_info no-bullets no-styling"> <li><a class="triangle" title="PDF Version (7890 KB)" href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.pdf">Article</a> <nobr>(7890 KB)</nobr> </li> <li> <a class="triangle" title="XML Version" href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.xml">Full-text XML</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="content"> <ul class="additional_info no-bullets no-styling"> <li><a class="triangle" href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.bib">BibTeX</a></li> <li><a class="triangle" href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/acp-19-7859-2019.ris">EndNote</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Short summary</div> <div class="content hide-js shortSummaryFull">We use 2010–2015 satellite observations of atmospheric methane to improve estimates of methane emissions and their trends, as well as the concentration and trend of tropospheric OH (hydroxyl radical, methane's main sink). We find overestimates of Chinese coal and Middle East oil/gas emissions in the prior estimate. The 2010–2015 growth in methane is attributed to an increase in emissions from India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from OH is small in comparison.</div> <div style="display: none" class="content show-js shortSummaryShorten">We use 2010–2015 satellite observations of atmospheric methane to improve estimates of methane...</div> <div class="content"> <a href="#" class="more-less show-js triangle" data-hide=".shortSummaryFull" data-show=".shortSummaryShorten" data-toggleCaption='Hide'>Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="widget dark-border hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet p-0" id="share"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Share</div> <div class="row p-0 justify-content-center"> <div class="col-auto pl-0"> <a class="share-one-line" href="https://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https%3A%2F%2Facp.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F19%2F7859%2F2019%2F" title="Mendeley" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/mendeley.png" alt="Mendeley"/> </a> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <a class="share-one-line" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Facp.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F19%2F7859%2F2019%2F" title="Reddit" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/reddit.png" alt="Reddit"> </a> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <a class="share-one-line" href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Facp.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F19%2F7859%2F2019%2F&t=Global+distribution+of+methane+emissions%2C+emission+trends%2C+and+OH+concentrations+and+trends+inferred+from+an+inversion+of+GOSAT+satellite+data+for+2010%E2%80%932015" title="Facebook" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/facebook.png" alt="Facebook"/> </a> </div> <div class="col-auto pr-0"> <a class="share-one-line last" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Facp.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F19%2F7859%2F2019%2F&title=Global+distribution+of+methane+emissions%2C+emission+trends%2C+and+OH+concentrations+and+trends+inferred+from+an+inversion+of+GOSAT+satellite+data+for+2010%E2%80%932015" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/linkedin.png" alt="LinkedIn"> </a> </div> <div class="col pr-0 mobile-native-share" style="display: none;"> <a href="#" data-title="Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics" data-text="*Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015* Joannes D. Maasakkers et al." data-url="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7859/2019/" class="mobile-native-share share-one-line last"><i class="co-mobile-share display-none"></i></a> </div> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { const mobileShareElement = document.querySelector(".mobile-native-share"); if (navigator.share) { // Native sharing is available if (mobileShareElement) { mobileShareElement.style.display = "block"; } } else { // Native sharing is NOT available if (mobileShareElement) { mobileShareElement.style.display = "none"; } } }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="widget dark-border"> <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Altmetrics</div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="content text-center"> Final-revised paper </div> <div class="content text-center"> <div class="altmetric-embed" data-link-target="_blank" data-hide-less-than="1" data-no-score data-badge-type="medium-donut" data-doi="10.5194/acp-19-7859-2019"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="content text-center"> Preprint </div> <div class="content text-center"> <div class="altmetric-embed" data-link-target="_blank" data-hide-less-than="1" data-no-score data-badge-type="medium-donut" data-doi="10.5194/acp-2018-1365"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> !function (e, t, n) { var d = "createElement", c = "getElementsByTagName", m = "setAttribute", n = document.getElementById(e); return n && n.parentNode && n.parentNode.removeChild(n), n = document[d + "NS"] && document.documentElement.namespaceURI, n = n ? document[d + "NS"](n, "script") : document[d]("script"), n[m]("id", e), n[m]("src", t), (document[c]("head")[0] || document[c]("body")[0]).appendChild(n), n = new Image, void n[m]("src", "https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/altmetric_donut.png") }("altmetric-embed-js", "https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/altmetric_badges.min.js"); $(function () { $('div.altmetric-embed').on('altmetric:hide', function () { if($(this).closest('.widget').find('.altmetric-embed:not(.altmetric-hidden)').length === 0) { $(this).closest('.widget').hide(); } $(this).closest('.wrapper').hide(); }); }); </script> <div class="ajax-content" data-src="https://editor.copernicus.org/similarArticles.php?article=73782&journal=10&isSecondStage=1&ajax=true"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main>  <footer class="d-print-none version-2023"> <div class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center mb-3"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-auto text-center text-md-left title-wrapper"> <div id="j-header-footer" class="text-center text-md-left"> <div class="h1 text-center text-md-left"> Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics </div> <p>An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-auto text-center text-md-left pt-lg-2"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-sm col-md-auto text-center text-md-left mb-3 mb-sm-0"> <span class="egu-logo"><a href="http://www.egu.eu/" target="_blank"><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/319373/10/ssl" alt="" style="width: 410px; height: 325px;" /></a></span> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm text-center text-md-left"> <span class="copernicus-logo"><a href="https://publications.copernicus.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/319376/10/ssl" alt="" style="width: 1784px; height: 330px;" /></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="links pb-4 pt-4"> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-xl-auto mt-3"> <div class="row align-items-start align-items-lg-center"> <div class="col-12 mb-3 mb-md-0 pl-md-0 text-center text-md-left"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-creative-commons fa-lg mr-1"></i><i class="fab fa-creative-commons-by fa-lg"></i></a> All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 text-center text-md-left col-lg-auto mt-3"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col d-md-none px-0"></div> <div class="col-auto pr-1"><a href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/about/contact.html">Contact</a></div> <div class="col-auto px-1">|</div> <div class="col-auto px-1"><a href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/imprint.html">Imprint</a></div> <div class="col-auto px-1">|</div> <div class="col-auto px-1"><a href="https://www.copernicus.org/data_protection.html" target="_blank">Data protection</a></div> <div class="col-auto pl-2"></div> <div class="col d-md-none px-0"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </body> </html>

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