CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><link rel="icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico"/><script defer="" data-domain="star-history.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.js"></script><meta name="next-head-count" content="4"/><link data-next-font="size-adjust" rel="preconnect" href="/" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/f94657194d4c857a.css" as="style" crossorigin=""/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/f94657194d4c857a.css" crossorigin="" data-n-g=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" crossorigin="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-38cee4c0e358b1a3.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-fda0a023b274c574.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-001c9e19b1894c7d.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-915effad870aa62e.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6c86d9ce-d8b7531786dd65a5.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/472-8057db644de3d496.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/590-d0a3c67c09cc0662.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/blog/%5Bslug%5D-7b378153203b51eb.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/xKX4ZiOi_N7h3OBOEsSZu/_buildManifest.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/_next/static/xKX4ZiOi_N7h3OBOEsSZu/_ssgManifest.js" defer="" crossorigin=""></script></head><body><div id="__next"><div class="relative w-full h-auto min-h-screen overflow-auto flex flex-col"><title>Star History Monthly Oct 2023 | Open-source AI Extensions for Postgres</title><meta name="description" content="Postgres extensions can add extra functionality to your database, and we're sharing five Postgres extensions that just might boost your AI experience."/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://star-history.com/blog/ai-for-postgres"/><meta property="og:title" content="Star History Monthly Oct 2023 | Open-source AI Extensions for Postgres"/><meta property="og:description" content="Postgres extensions can add extra functionality to your database, and we're sharing five Postgres extensions that just might boost your AI experience."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://star-history.com/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/banner.webp"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://star-history.com/blog/ai-for-postgres"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Star History Monthly Oct 2023 | Open-source AI Extensions for Postgres"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Postgres extensions can add extra functionality to your database, and we're sharing five Postgres extensions that just might boost your AI experience."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://star-history.com/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/banner.webp"/><nav><div class="flex justify-center items-center gap-x-6 bg-green-600 px-6 py-1 sm:px-3.5 "><p class="text-sm leading-6 text-white"><a href="/blog/list-your-open-source-project">Want to promote your open source project? Be on our ⭐️Starlet List⭐️ for FREE →</a></p></div></nav><header class="w-full h-14 shrink-0 flex flex-row justify-center items-center bg-[#363636] text-light"><div class="w-full md:max-w-5xl lg:max-w-7xl h-full flex flex-row justify-between items-center px-0 sm:px-4"><div class="h-full bg-dark flex flex-row justify-start items-center"><a class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center px-3 hover:bg-zinc-800" href="/"><img class="w-7 h-auto" src="/assets/icon.png" alt="Logo"/></a><a class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center text-base px-3 hover:bg-zinc-800" href="/blog"><span class="text-white font-semibold -2">Blog</span></a><span class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center cursor-pointer text-white text-base px-3 font-semibold mr-2 hover:bg-zinc-800">Add Access Token</span></div><div class="hidden h-full md:flex flex-row justify-start items-center"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="h-full flex text-white text-base flex-row justify-center items-center px-4 hover:bg-zinc-800" href="https://www.bytebase.com/?source=star-history"><img class="h-6 mt-1 mr-2" src="/assets/craft-by-bytebase.webp" alt=""/></a></div><div class="h-full hidden md:flex flex-row justify-end items-center space-x-2"><a class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center px-2 hover:bg-zinc-800" href="https://twitter.com/StarHistoryHQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fab fa-twitter text-2xl text-blue-300"></i></a></div><div class="h-full flex md:hidden flex-row justify-end items-center"><span class="relative h-full w-10 px-3 flex flex-row justify-center items-center cursor-pointer font-semibold text-light hover:bg-zinc-800"><span class="w-4 transition-all h-px bg-light absolute top-1/2 -mt-1"></span><span class="w-4 transition-all h-px bg-light absolute top-1/2 "></span><span class="w-4 transition-all h-px bg-light absolute top-1/2 mt-1"></span></span></div></div></header><div class="w-full h-auto py-2 flex md:hidden flex-col justify-start items-start shadow-lg border-b hidden"><a class="h-12 text-base px-3 w-full flex flex-row justify-start items-center cursor-pointer font-semibold text-dark mr-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-blue-500" href="/blog/how-to-use-github-star-history">📕 How to use this site</a><span class="h-12 px-3 text-base w-full flex flex-row justify-start items-center cursor-pointer font-semibold text-dark mr-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-blue-500">Add Access Token</span><span class="h-12 text-base px-3 w-full flex flex-row justify-start items-center"><a class="github-button -mt-1" href="https://github.com/star-history/star-history" data-show-count="true" aria-label="Star star-history/star-history on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Star</a></span></div><div class="w-full h-auto grow lg:grid lg:grid-cols-[256px_1fr_256px]"><div class="w-full hidden lg:block"><div class="flex flex-col justify-start items-start w-full mt-2 p-4 pl-8"><a class="hover:opacity-75" href="/blog/list-your-open-source-project"><img class="w-auto max-w-full" src="/assets/starlet-icon.webp"/></a><div><div class="w-full flex flex-row justify-between items-center my-2"><h3 class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 leading-6">Playbook</h3></div><ul class="list-disc list-inside"><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/how-to-use-github-star-history"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">📕 How to Use this Site</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/playbook-for-more-github-stars"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">⭐️ How to Get More Stars</span></a></li></ul></div><div><div class="w-full flex flex-row justify-between items-center my-2"><h3 class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 leading-6">Monthly Pick</h3></div><ul class="list-disc list-inside"><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/ai-devtools"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Nov (AI DevTools)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/homelab"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Oct (Homelab)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/ai-agents"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Sep (AI Agents)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/rag-frameworks"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Aug (RAG frameworks)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/ai-generators"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Jul (AI Generators)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/ai-search"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Jun (AI Searches)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/ai-web-scraper"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 May (AI Web Scraper)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/prompt-engineering"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Apr (AI Prompt)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/non-ai"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Mar (Non-AI)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/most-underrated"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Feb (Most Underrated)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/text2sql"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2024 Jan (Text2SQL)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/gpt-wrappers"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Dec (GPT Wrappers)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/tts"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Nov (TTS)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/ai-for-postgres"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Oct (AI for Postgres)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/coding-ai"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Sept (Coding AI)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/cli-tool-for-llm"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Aug (CLI tool for LLMs)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/llama2"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 July (Llama 2 Edition)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202306"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 June</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202305"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 May</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202304"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Apr</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202303"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Mar (ChatGPT Edition)</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202302"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Feb</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202301"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023 Jan</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202212"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2022 Dec</span></a></li></ul></div><div><div class="w-full flex flex-row justify-between items-center my-2"><h3 class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 leading-6">Yearly Pick</h3></div><ul class="list-disc list-inside"><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/best-of-2023"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2023</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-yearly-pick-2022-data-infra-devtools"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2022 Data, Infra & DevTools</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-open-source-2022-platform-engineering"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2022 Platform Engineering</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-open-source-2022-open-source-alternatives"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2022 OSS Alternatives</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/star-history-yearly-pick-2022-frontend"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">2022 Front-end</span></a></li></ul></div><div><div class="w-full flex flex-row justify-between items-center my-2"><h3 class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 leading-6">Starlet List</h3></div><ul class="list-disc list-inside"><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/list-your-open-source-project"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">🎁 Prompt yours for FREE</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/trench"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #28 - Trench</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/langfuse"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #27 - langfuse</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/thepipe"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #26 - thepi.pe</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/taipy"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #25 - Taipy</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/superlinked"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #24 - Superlinked</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/tea-tasting"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #23 - tea-tasting</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/giskard"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #22 - Giskard</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/khoj"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #21 - Khoj</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/paradedb"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #20 - ParadeDB</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/skyvern"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #19 - Skyvern</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/prisma"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #18 - Prisma</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/spicedb"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #17 - SpiceDB</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/answer"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #16 - Apache Answer</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/infinity"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #15 - Infinity</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/proton"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #14 - Proton</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/earthly"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #13 - Earthly</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/wasp"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #12 - Wasp</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/libsql"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #11 - libSQL</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/postgresml"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #10 - PostgresML</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/electricsql"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #9 - ElectricSQL</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/prompt-flow"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #8 - Prompt flow</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/clipboard"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #7 - Clipboard</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/hoppscotch"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #6 - Hoppscotch</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/metisfl"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #5 - MetisFL</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/chatgpt-js"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #4 - chatgpt.js</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/mockoon"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #3 - Mockoon</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/dlta-ai"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #2 - DLTA-AI</span></a></li><li class="mb-2 leading-3"><a class="cursor-pointer" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/blog/sniffnet"><span class="inline -ml-2 text-sm text-blue-700 hover:underline">Issue #1 - Sniffnet</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="w-full flex flex-col justify-start items-center"><div class="w-full p-4 md:p-0 mt-6 md:w-5/6 lg:max-w-6xl h-full flex flex-col justify-start items-center self-center"><img class="hidden md:block w-auto max-w-full object-scale-down" src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/banner.webp" alt=""/><div class="w-auto max-w-6xl mt-4 md:mt-12 prose prose-indigo prose-xl md:prose-2xl flex flex-col justify-center items-center"><h1 class="leading-16">Star History Monthly Oct 2023 | Open-source AI Extensions for Postgres</h1></div><div class="w-full mt-8 mb-2 max-w-6xl px-2 flex flex-row items-center justify-center text-sm text-gray-900 font-semibold trackingwide uppercase"><div class="flex space-x-1 text-gray-500"><span class="text-gray-900">Mila</span><span aria-hidden="true"> · </span><time dateTime="2023-11-24T09:50:06.000Z">Nov 24, 2023</time><span aria-hidden="true"> · </span><span> 5 min read </span></div></div><div class="mt-8 w-full max-w-5xl prose prose-indigo prose-xl md:prose-2xl"><p>Postgres was named the most popular database by the <a href="https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2023/#technology">2023 Stack Overflow Developer Survey</a>, taking over the crown from MySQL. Why, you ask? We believe that a major factor comes down to Postgres <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createextension.html">extensions</a>. Thanks to the extensible architecture and the fact that it's still a community-owned project, the Postgres ecosystem has been nothing but thriving lately.</p> <p>Postgres extensions add extra functionality to your database just like built-in features. Several extensions for AI use cases have appeared over the years. A handful of them came out this year, but surprisingly, there are a few first appeared a few years back and remain to be the frontrunners of the pack.</p> <p>In this post, we'll share five Postgres extensions that just might boost your AI experience.</p> <h2>pgvector</h2> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pgvector.webp" alt="pgvector"></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector">pgvector</a> is an open-source vector similarity search specifically designed for Postgres (supports Postgres 11+). It can also be used for storing embeddings. It's been around since 2021, way before AI became part of our daily routine. The spike in popularity came around 2023.2, when vector similarity search became a hot topic.</p> <p>If you're looking for a vector database, Postgres got you covered, you can continue using your Postgres with benefits including:</p> <ul> <li>store your vectors with the rest of your data</li> <li>exact and approximate nearest neighbor search</li> <li>L2 distance, inner product, and cosine distance</li> <li>any language with a Postgres client</li> </ul> <p>If you use plain Postgres, simply compile and install the extension; if you are using Postgres services or apps, some of them already have pgvector included, e.g. Aiven, Neon, Supabase, Postgres.app, etc.</p> <h2>PostgresML</h2> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/postgresml.webp" alt="postgresml"></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/postgresml/postgresml">PostgresML</a> is an extension that allows developers to integrate machine learning (ML) models into Postgres that scored a <a href="https://postgresml.org/blog/postgresml-raises-4.7M-to-launch-serverless-ai-application-databases-based-on-postgres">$4.7M seed funding round</a> this May. It enables training and inference on text and data using SQL queries, greatly reducing the complexity of application development.</p> <p>If you don't have fancy ML workloads (because not all of us are AI giants) in your company, but would like to build your own machine learning model that can learn from fresh data, this would be a good way to get started.</p> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/postgresml-textgen.webp" alt="postgresml-textgen"></p> <p><em>Side note #1: They got another open-source project under the organization: <a href="https://github.com/postgresml/pgcat">PgCat</a>, a Postgres pooler, which was first released back in February, 2022. Interesting to see them pivot to the more sexy topic of AI.</em></p> <p><em>Side note #2: PostgresML was actually</em> <a href="https://star-history.com/blog/postgresml"><em>featured on the starlet issue</em></a> <em>a while back, and that kinda gave me the inspo for this issue.</em></p> <h2>MADlib</h2> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/madlib.webp" alt="madlib"></p> <p>Apache <a href="https://github.com/apache/madlib">MADlib</a> is a tool for big data Machine Learning in SQL. It started out way back before ChatGPT brought the heat to AI, the repo was released on GitHub somewhere in 2016, but the initial release was as early as in 2011 (and continues to evolve).</p> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/madlib-alpha.webp" alt="madlib-alpha"></p> <p>The perception that SQL doesn't work well enough for inferential, predictive or causal analysis on larger or unstructured data sets is no longer true. MADlib basically an in-database machine learning library, where you get to perform advanced machine learning within your database where your data resides. Once installed, you can use SQL to perform various data analysis tasks, including regression and classification easily.</p> <p>Interesting fact: MAD in MADlib actually stands for Magnetic, Agile, and Deep.</p> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/madlib-mad.webp" alt="madlib-mad"></p> <h2>pg_embedding</h2> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pg-embedding.webp" alt="pg-embedding"></p> <p>Now we are onto a few wildcards, they are riveting projects for sure, but use them at your own risk.</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/neondatabase/pg_embedding">pg_embedding</a> is an offering by Neon that was released this July.</p> <p>It uses Hierarchical Navigable Small Worlds (HNSW) index to for high-dimensional similarity search, which was before pgvector added support for HNSW (Hard to understand why it was <a href="https://neon.tech/blog/pg-embedding-extension-for-vector-search">20x faster than pgvector</a> when it first came out).</p> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pg-embedding-faster.webp" alt="pg-embedding-faster"></p> <p>But a few months later in September, they added <a href="https://github.com/neondatabase/pg_embedding#pg_embedding">a note</a> mentioning that they are no longer committing to pg_embedding. Looks like there really is no Buy or Build dilemma: if there's a decent service out there, it's the obvious choice.</p> <h2>pg_gpt</h2> <p><img src="/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pg-gpt.webp" alt="pg-gpt"></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/cloudquery/pg_gpt">pg_gpt</a> is an experimental Postgres extension uses the OpenAI GPT API inside Postgres, so you can ask your database questions using natural language. And it's actually built by CloudQuery, an open-source ELT platform.</p> <p>This plugin works by sending parts of your database schema (although without the data) to OpenAI GPT API, so would not recommended to use it on production databases, but if you'd like to know something about a public schema, it's a fun tool to use. For example, if you were to look for top submissions on Hacker News this past month that mentions Sam Altman, this is a way to go (or, you know, <a href="https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&query=&sort=byPopularity&type=story">Search Hacker News</a> also works).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>We've seen a lot this year: the tech world shifting towards AI and looking for a way to navigate their way to find their standing ground. Good thing that Postgres is open to support extensions, and we are blessed with these extensions to add AI-capabilities to our good-ol Postgres, without having to turn to a new database.</p> <hr> <h2>Star History Monthly Previous Editions</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/blog/coding-ai">Coding AI</a></li> <li><a href="/blog/cli-tool-for-llm">CLI Tools for Working with LLMs</a></li> <li><a href="/blog/llama2">Llama 2 and Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202303">ChatGPT Special</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="mt-12"><iframe src="https://embeds.beehiiv.com/2803dbaa-d8dd-4486-8880-4b843f3a7da6?slim=true" data-test-id="beehiiv-embed" height="52" frameBorder="0" scrolling="no" style="margin:0;border-radius:0px !important;background-color:transparent"></iframe></div></div><div class="w-full hidden lg:block"></div></div><footer class="relative w-full shrink-0 h-auto mt-6 flex flex-col justify-end items-center"><div class="w-full py-2 px-3 md:w-5/6 lg:max-w-7xl flex flex-row flex-wrap justify-between items-center text-neutral-700 border-t"><div class="text-sm leading-8 flex flex-row flex-wrap justify-start items-center"><div class="h-full text-gray-600">The missing GitHub star history graph</div><a class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center ml-3 text-lg hover:opacity-80" href="https://twitter.com/StarHistoryHQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 512 512" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg></a><a class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center mx-3 text-lg hover:opacity-80" href="mailto:star@bytebase.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 512 512" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg></a><a class="h-full flex flex-row justify-center items-center mr-3 text-lg hover:opacity-80" href="https://github.com/star-history/star-history" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 496 512" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center space-x-4"><div class="flex flex-row text-sm leading-8 underline text-blue-700 hover:opacity-80"><img class="h-6 mt-1 mr-2" src="/assets/sqlchat.webp" alt="SQL Chat"/><a href="https://sqlchat.ai" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SQL Chat </a></div><div class="flex flex-row text-sm leading-8 underline text-blue-700 hover:opacity-80"><img class="h-6 mt-1 mr-2" src="/assets/dbcost.webp" alt="DB Cost"/><a href="https://dbcost.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DB Cost</a></div></div><div class="text-xs leading-8 flex flex-row flex-nowrap justify-end items-center"><span class="text-gray-600">Maintained by <a class="text-blue-500 font-bold hover:opacity-80" href="https://bytebase.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bytebase</a>, originally built by <a class="bg-blue-400 text-white p-1 pl-2 pr-2 rounded-l-2xl rounded-r-2xl hover:opacity-80" href="https://twitter.com/tim_qian" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">@tim_qian</a></span></div></div></footer><div class="fixed right-0 top-32 hidden lg:flex flex-col justify-start items-start transition-all bg-white w-48 xl:w-56 p-2 z-10 "><div class="w-full flex justify-between items-center mb-2"><p class="text-xs text-gray-400">Sponsors (random order)</p><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 352 512" class="fas fa-times text-xs text-gray-400 cursor-pointer hover:text-gray-500" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg></div><a href="https://bytebase.com?utm_source=star-history" class="bg-gray-50 p-2 rounded w-full flex flex-col justify-center items-center mb-2 text-zinc-600 hover:opacity-80 hover:text-blue-600 hover:underline" target="_blank"><img class="w-auto max-w-full" src="/assets/sponsors/bytebase/logo.webp" alt="Bytebase"/><span class="text-xs mt-2">Bytebase: Database DevOps and CI/CD for MySQL, PG, Oracle, SQL Server, Snowflake, ClickHouse, Mongo, Redis</span></a><a href="https://dify.ai/?utm_source=star-history" class="bg-gray-50 p-2 rounded w-full flex flex-col justify-center items-center mb-2 text-zinc-600 hover:opacity-80 hover:text-blue-600 hover:underline" target="_blank"><img class="w-auto max-w-full" src="/assets/sponsors/dify/logo.webp" alt="Dify"/><span class="text-xs mt-2">Dify: Open-source platform for building LLM apps, from agents to AI workflows.</span></a><a href="mailto:star@bytebase.com?subject=I'm interested in sponsoring star-history.com" target="_blank" class="w-full p-2 text-center bg-gray-50 text-xs leading-6 text-gray-400 rounded hover:underline hover:text-blue-600">Your logo</a></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json" crossorigin="">{"props":{"pageProps":{"blog":{"title":"Star History Monthly Oct 2023 | Open-source AI Extensions for Postgres","slug":"ai-for-postgres","author":"Mila","featured":true,"featureImage":"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/banner.webp","publishedDate":"2023-11-24T09:50:06.000Z","excerpt":"Postgres extensions can add extra functionality to your database, and we're sharing five Postgres extensions that just might boost your AI experience.","readingTime":5},"parsedBlogHTML":"\u003cp\u003ePostgres was named the most popular database by the \u003ca href=\"https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2023/#technology\"\u003e2023 Stack Overflow Developer Survey\u003c/a\u003e, taking over the crown from MySQL. Why, you ask? We believe that a major factor comes down to Postgres \u003ca href=\"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createextension.html\"\u003eextensions\u003c/a\u003e. Thanks to the extensible architecture and the fact that it\u0026#39;s still a community-owned project, the Postgres ecosystem has been nothing but thriving lately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePostgres extensions add extra functionality to your database just like built-in features. Several extensions for AI use cases have appeared over the years. A handful of them came out this year, but surprisingly, there are a few first appeared a few years back and remain to be the frontrunners of the pack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this post, we\u0026#39;ll share five Postgres extensions that just might boost your AI experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003epgvector\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pgvector.webp\" alt=\"pgvector\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector\"\u003epgvector\u003c/a\u003e is an open-source vector similarity search specifically designed for Postgres (supports Postgres 11+). It can also be used for storing embeddings. It\u0026#39;s been around since 2021, way before AI became part of our daily routine. The spike in popularity came around 2023.2, when vector similarity search became a hot topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you\u0026#39;re looking for a vector database, Postgres got you covered, you can continue using your Postgres with benefits including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003estore your vectors with the rest of your data\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eexact and approximate nearest neighbor search\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL2 distance, inner product, and cosine distance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eany language with a Postgres client\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you use plain Postgres, simply compile and install the extension; if you are using Postgres services or apps, some of them already have pgvector included, e.g. Aiven, Neon, Supabase, Postgres.app, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePostgresML\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/postgresml.webp\" alt=\"postgresml\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgresml/postgresml\"\u003ePostgresML\u003c/a\u003e is an extension that allows developers to integrate machine learning (ML) models into Postgres that scored a \u003ca href=\"https://postgresml.org/blog/postgresml-raises-4.7M-to-launch-serverless-ai-application-databases-based-on-postgres\"\u003e$4.7M seed funding round\u003c/a\u003e this May. It enables training and inference on text and data using SQL queries, greatly reducing the complexity of application development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you don\u0026#39;t have fancy ML workloads (because not all of us are AI giants) in your company, but would like to build your own machine learning model that can learn from fresh data, this would be a good way to get started.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/postgresml-textgen.webp\" alt=\"postgresml-textgen\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSide note #1: They got another open-source project under the organization: \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/postgresml/pgcat\"\u003ePgCat\u003c/a\u003e, a Postgres pooler, which was first released back in February, 2022. Interesting to see them pivot to the more sexy topic of AI.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSide note #2: PostgresML was actually\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://star-history.com/blog/postgresml\"\u003e\u003cem\u003efeatured on the starlet issue\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003ea while back, and that kinda gave me the inspo for this issue.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMADlib\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/madlib.webp\" alt=\"madlib\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApache \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/apache/madlib\"\u003eMADlib\u003c/a\u003e is a tool for big data Machine Learning in SQL. It started out way back before ChatGPT brought the heat to AI, the repo was released on GitHub somewhere in 2016, but the initial release was as early as in 2011 (and continues to evolve).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/madlib-alpha.webp\" alt=\"madlib-alpha\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe perception that SQL doesn\u0026#39;t work well enough for inferential, predictive or causal analysis on larger or unstructured data sets is no longer true. MADlib basically an in-database machine learning library, where you get to perform advanced machine learning within your database where your data resides. Once installed, you can use SQL to perform various data analysis tasks, including regression and classification easily.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteresting fact: MAD in MADlib actually stands for Magnetic, Agile, and Deep.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/madlib-mad.webp\" alt=\"madlib-mad\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003epg_embedding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pg-embedding.webp\" alt=\"pg-embedding\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNow we are onto a few wildcards, they are riveting projects for sure, but use them at your own risk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/neondatabase/pg_embedding\"\u003epg_embedding\u003c/a\u003e is an offering by Neon that was released this July.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt uses Hierarchical Navigable Small Worlds (HNSW) index to for high-dimensional similarity search, which was before pgvector added support for HNSW (Hard to understand why it was \u003ca href=\"https://neon.tech/blog/pg-embedding-extension-for-vector-search\"\u003e20x faster than pgvector\u003c/a\u003e when it first came out).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pg-embedding-faster.webp\" alt=\"pg-embedding-faster\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBut a few months later in September, they added \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/neondatabase/pg_embedding#pg_embedding\"\u003ea note\u003c/a\u003e mentioning that they are no longer committing to pg_embedding. Looks like there really is no Buy or Build dilemma: if there\u0026#39;s a decent service out there, it\u0026#39;s the obvious choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003epg_gpt\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/assets/blog/ai-for-postgres/pg-gpt.webp\" alt=\"pg-gpt\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cloudquery/pg_gpt\"\u003epg_gpt\u003c/a\u003e is an experimental Postgres extension uses the OpenAI GPT API inside Postgres, so you can ask your database questions using natural language. And it\u0026#39;s actually built by CloudQuery, an open-source ELT platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis plugin works by sending parts of your database schema (although without the data) to OpenAI GPT API, so would not recommended to use it on production databases, but if you\u0026#39;d like to know something about a public schema, it\u0026#39;s a fun tool to use. For example, if you were to look for top submissions on Hacker News this past month that mentions Sam Altman, this is a way to go (or, you know, \u003ca href=\"https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all\u0026page=0\u0026prefix=false\u0026query=\u0026sort=byPopularity\u0026type=story\"\u003eSearch Hacker News\u003c/a\u003e also works).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe\u0026#39;ve seen a lot this year: the tech world shifting towards AI and looking for a way to navigate their way to find their standing ground. Good thing that Postgres is open to support extensions, and we are blessed with these extensions to add AI-capabilities to our good-ol Postgres, without having to turn to a new database.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStar History Monthly Previous Editions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/blog/coding-ai\"\u003eCoding AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/blog/cli-tool-for-llm\"\u003eCLI Tools for Working with LLMs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/blog/llama2\"\u003eLlama 2 and Ecosystem\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/blog/star-history-monthly-pick-202303\"\u003eChatGPT Special\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/blog/[slug]","query":{"slug":"ai-for-postgres"},"buildId":"xKX4ZiOi_N7h3OBOEsSZu","isFallback":false,"gsp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>