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<span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="موسى الهادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسى الهادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadi_(x%C9%99lif%C9%99)" title="Hadi (xəlifə) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hadi (xəlifə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_(%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%87)" title="هادی (خلیفه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هادی (خلیفه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="আল-হাদি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল-হাদি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-H%C3%A1d%C3%AD" title="Al-Hádí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Al-Hádí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-H%C4%81d%C4%AB" title="Al-Hādī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Hādī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB-%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF" title="Αλ-Χαντί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλ-Χαντί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_(%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%87)" title="هادی (خلیفه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هادی (خلیفه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi_(Abbasside)" title="Al-Hadi (Abbasside) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Al-Hadi (Abbasside)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="अल हादी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल हादी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99" title="אל-האדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל-האדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ალ-ჰადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალ-ჰადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%81%D0%B0_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D2%BA%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Мұса әл-Һәди – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұса әл-Һәди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-H%C3%A1di_abb%C3%A1szida_kalifa" title="Al-Hádi abbászida kalifa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Al-Hádi abbászida kalifa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E6%9C%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95)" title="ハーディー (アッバース朝カリフ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーディー (アッバース朝カリフ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hodiy" title="Al-Hodiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Al-Hodiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="موسیٰ الہادی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موسیٰ الہادی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_(%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%87)" title="موسی هادي (عباسي خلیفه) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موسی هادي (عباسي خلیفه)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhadi" title="Alhadi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alhadi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Муса аль-Хади – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муса аль-Хади" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusa_al-haadi" title="Muusa al-haadi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Muusa al-haadi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al-Hadi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2d%C3%AE" title="Hâdî – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hâdî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Муса аль-Гаді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Муса аль-Гаді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="موسیٰ الہادی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موسیٰ الہادی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%BF%AA_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91)" title="哈迪 (阿拔斯哈里发) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈迪 (阿拔斯哈里发)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q293490#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Imam or school, see <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hadi School">al-Hadi School</a>.</div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">al-Hadi<br />أبو محمد موسى بن المهدي الهادي</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caliphs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Caliphs">Khalifah</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi,_AH_170.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi%2C_AH_170.jpg/300px-Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi%2C_AH_170.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi%2C_AH_170.jpg/450px-Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi%2C_AH_170.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi%2C_AH_170.jpg/600px-Dirhem_of_Al-Hadi%2C_AH_170.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a> of al-Hadi minted in 786/787 in al-Haruniya</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">24 July 785 – 14 September 786</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 April 764<br /><a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Rayy</a>, Abbasid Caliphate (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Province">Tehran Province</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 September 786 (aged 22)<br /><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, Abbasid Caliphate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Haditha</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubabah_bint_Ja%27far" title="Lubabah bint Ja'far">Lubabah bint Ja'far</a></li> <li>Ubaydah bint Ghitrif</li> <li>Ghadir</li> <li>Rahim</li> <li>Hilanah</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%27far_ibn_Musa_al-Hadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ja'far ibn Musa al-Hadi (page does not exist)">Ja'far</a></li> <li>al-Abbas</li> <li>Abd Allah</li> <li>Ishaq</li> <li>Isma'il</li> <li>Sulayman</li> <li>Musa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Isa_bint_Musa_al-Hadi" title="Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi">Umm Isa</a></li> <li>Umm al-Abbas</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Abu Muhammad Musa ibn al-Mahdi al-Hadi</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayzuran" title="Al-Khayzuran">al-Khayzuran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abū Muḥammad Mūsā ibn al-Mahdī al-Hādī</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو محمد موسى بن المهدي الهادي</span>; 26 April 764 CE  – 14 September 786 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> better known by his <a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">laqab</a> <b>al-Hādī</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الهادي‎</span></span>) was the fourth Arab <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> who succeeded his father <a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a> and ruled from 169 AH (785 CE) until his death in 170 AH (786 CE). His short reign ended with internal chaos and power struggles with his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Hadi was born in 764. His father was al-Mahdi and <a href="/wiki/Al-Khayzuran_bint_Atta" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khayzuran bint Atta">al-Khayzuran bint Atta</a> was the mother of both caliphs Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194624_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194624-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had another son named Isa ibn al-Mahdi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a daughter named Banuqah or Banujah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194632_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194632-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, al-Khayzuran was born in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and brought up in Jurash.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had two sisters, Salsal bint Atta<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Asma bint Atta,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a brother Ghitrif ibn Atta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was al-Mahdi's favourite wife. Al-Mahdi consulted her on important matters of defense and administration, and officers and clerics went to her door day and night to get what they wanted from the caliph through her, and the petitioners lined up outside her door and it was crowded like a market. Khayzuran's influence in public and political life increased gradually from interferer and decisive incursions during the reign of her husband to more powerful and wider ones during the reigns of her two sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626,_20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626,_20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Hadi also had several half-brothers; <a href="/wiki/Ubaydallah_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi">Ubaydallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi">Ibrahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mansur_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Mansur ibn al-Mahdi">Mansur</a>, Ali, Abdallah. He also had half-sisters; <a href="/wiki/Abbasa_bint_al-Mahdi" title="Abbasa bint al-Mahdi">Abbasa</a> was his elder half-sister, others were <a href="/wiki/Ulayya_bint_al-Mahdi" title="Ulayya bint al-Mahdi">Ulayya</a> and Aliyah. </p><p>Al-Hadi was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Khayzuran" title="Al-Khayzuran">al-Khayzuran</a> and the older brother of Harun al-Rashid. He was very dear to his father and was appointed as the first crown prince by his father at the age of 16 and was chosen as the leader of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to his death, al-Mahdi supposedly favored his second son, Harun al-Rashid, as his successor, taking him on multiple military expeditions in 779 and 781 to train him to be the next caliph, as his own father prepared him, but died before the formal transfer of the crown prince title could occur. Not to mention, their mother, Khayzuran played a driver in these thoughts of al-Mahdi and was a partner. Alternatively, al-Rashid was a general and may have accompanied his father to war to train for and carry out his profession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caliphate">Caliphate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regardless of the intent, in 785, Al-Mahdi died during an expedition with his son Harun, who rushed back to Baghdad to inform his mother. At al-Mahdi's untimely death, Khayzuran took control of the situation. She ensured a smooth transition of power and to secure the succession for her son, she called upon the viziers and ordered them to pay the wages of the army to secure order, and then had them swear allegiance to her son as their new caliph in his absence, and held everything together until al-Hadi returned to Baghdad. Al-Hadi became the caliph at the age of 25, the youngest caliph to yet rule the Abbasids. His brother Harun al-Rashid became his crown prince at 22. This was a point of insecurity for al-Hadi as he spent the majority of his rule attempting to wrest the title of crown prince from al-Rashid - whether he was granted it before or after his father's death - and install his 7-year-old son Ja'far in his place. As Ja'far was very young and it went against law and wisdom to install him as crown prince, al-Hadi tried to put pressure on Harun and convince him to resign himself. So, Harun escaped from the capital and did not return there until the end of his brother's life. However, al-Hadi's attempt to depose his brother caused further conflict between him and his mother Khayzuran, as they each strove for their respective sons to become the next caliph: al-Hadi for Ja'far and Khayzuran for Harun.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Hadi was considered an "enlightened ruler" by his constituents and continued the "progressive" moves of his Abbasids predecessor. Like his father he was very open to the people of his empire and allowed citizens to visit him in the palace at Baghdad to address him. He was physically strong and famous for his bravery and talent in government and generosity. However, he was cruel, daring and zealous. Al-Hadi was especially malevolent to non-Muslim citizens, as he continued his father's persecutions and quashed multiple internal uprisings. He crushed a Kharijite rebellion, repelled a Byzantine invasion and seized some territory in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Hadi was also notorious for his cruelty and persecution of the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyids</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a>, he imposed further restrictions on the <a href="/wiki/Alids" title="Alids">Alids</a> and the remaining descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> caliphate, and treated them cruelly. He cut all the allowances al-Mahdi previously assigned them due to fear of an Alid uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ordered his agents to watch all 'Alids' activities and place some spies among them <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ordered them to register their presence daily with local authority. In 786, the Alids of Hijaz led by <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">Ali ibn Husayn</a> staged an uprising in response to these conditions. They gained control of <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, released prisoners, imprisoned Abbasid agents, and made <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Nabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid al-Nabi">Masjid al-Nabi</a> his command center. Then, they set out to <a href="/wiki/Makkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, were denied entry by its people and forced to confront the Abbasid army led by al-Hadi in the valley of Fakhkh, whereupon Ali ibn Husayn and his companions were defeated and killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fakhkh" title="Battle of Fakhkh">Battle of Fakhkh</a>. This event became famous, and ibn Husayn became known as Shahid Fakhkh (the martyr of Fakhkh). However, ibn Husayn's cousin, <a href="/wiki/Idris_ibn_Abdallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Idris ibn Abdallah">Idris bin Abdallah</a>, escaped to Morocco aided by Wadih, an Egyptian postal manager, where he founded the <a href="/wiki/Idrisi_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisi state">Idrisi state</a>. After the event of Fakh, al-Hadi accused Imam <a href="/wiki/Al-kazim" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-kazim">al-Kazim</a>, one of his brother's advocates, of provoking the revolutionaries. He arrested the Imam and sentenced him to execution, but died before he could implement his decision. </p><p>There was no wanting for internal conflicts as well. At al-Mahdi's untimely death, <a href="/wiki/Al-Khayzuran" title="Al-Khayzuran">Al-Khayzuran</a>, his mother, reportedly wished to continue to engage in politics as she had become accustomed to during al-Mahdi's reign: "Khayzuran wanted to dominate her son. She continued to give audiences in her chambers and discuss state affairs: </p> <dl><dd>"She continued to monopolize decision-making without consulting him (<i>al-Hadi</i>), she behaved as she had before, during the reign of al-Mahdi, people came and went through her door. She used to exercise her authority over him in all his affairs without consulting him at all, assuming sole control over matters of ordaining and forbidding, just as she had done previously with his father."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <p>In the first months of al-Hadi's short reign as caliph, he allowed his mother to implement the same political freedoms his father allowed and al-Hadi was in full submission to his mother, Khayzuran. He responded positively to all the requests and demands coming to her, and when she talked to officials and other audiences and made decisions and only reported her decisions to him, he did not object and approved them. Al-Khayzuran took advantage of the fact that al-Hadi never rejected her personal request, and disguised her friends desires and the supplicants who come to her as her own in order to obtain what they wanted. It eventually came to the point in which petitioners lined up at Khayzuran's gate in order to attain their own goals and even letters from all the provinces were sent to her court to report the affairs to her and ask her for favors for themselves, and al- Hadi heard of how his officers and governors used to go to his mother Khayzuran in hopes that what they wanted from him would be done through her words. However, al-Hadi, began to oppose her participation in state affairs; he felt she overreached, and over time he retaliated against his mother's political power. He was not inclined to allow her displays of authority and attempted to exclude her from politics. After a serious incident, he told her: </p> <dl><dd>"Do not overstep the essential limits of womanly modesty and overdo in person the role of the generous donor. It is not dignified for women to enter upon affairs of state. It is not in the power of women to intervene ... in matters of sovereignty. Look to your prayers and your prayer beads."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <p>The harem system first became fully institutionalized in the Islamic World under the Abbasid caliphate,<sup id="cite_ref-seclusion-doumato_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seclusion-doumato-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_harem" title="Abbasid harem">Abbasid harem</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point, however, Muslim women had not yet been fully secluded from society in a harem. </p><p>The growing seclusion of women and decline of women's rights that would permeate the Abbasid Caliphate and the region's latter nations were illustrated by the power struggle between the Caliph al-Hadi and his mother al-Khayzuran, who refused to live in seclusion but instead challenged the power of the Caliph by giving her own audiences to male supplicants and officials and thus mixing with men.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her son considered this improper, and he publicly addressed the issue of his mothers public life by assembling his generals and asked them: </p> <dl><dd>'Who is the better among us, you or me?' asked Caliph al-Hadi of his audience.</dd> <dd>'Obviously you are the better, Commander of the Faithful,' the assembly replied.</dd> <dd>'And whose mother is the better, mine or yours?' continued the caliph.</dd> <dd>'Your mother is the better, Commander of the Faithful.'</dd> <dd>'Who among you', continued al-Hadi, 'would like to have men spreading news about your mother?'</dd> <dd>'No one likes to have his mother talked about,' responded those present.</dd> <dd>'Then why do men go to my mother to speak to her?'<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Al-Khayzuran would not be oppressed or silenced, much to al-Hadi's chagrin. The conflict was finally exposed in public when she interceded in favor of a supplicant, Abdallah ibn Malik, and publicly demanded a reply from her son, who lost his temper and openly yelled at her and they both discussed: </p> <dl><dd>Khayzuran: You must meet my request.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>al-Hadi: I will not do it.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Khayzuran: I already assured the chief of police that it will be done.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>al-Hadi: He is a son of a harlot. I will not do it for him.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Khayzuran: Then I will never ask you for any more favours.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>al-Hadi: I do not care.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>al-Hadi continued:"Wait a moment and listen well to my words.. Whoever from among my entourage - my generals, my servants - comes to you with a petition will have his head cut off and his property confiscated. What is the meaning of those retinues that throng around your door every day? Don't you have a spindle to keep you busy, a Koran for praying, a residence in which to hide from those besieging you? Watch yourself, and woe to you if you open your mouth in favour of anyone at all."</dd></dl> <p>Khayzuran departed in absolute anger, and never had any words with him again, sweet or bitter. This situation between the royal mother and her son was never resolved and it remained an open wound. <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a> says others refer to al-Hadi's overtures to Harun. One account al-Tabari cites has al-Hadi attempting to poison his mother: </p> <dl><dd>"Yahya b. al-Hasan related that his father transmitted the information to him, saying: I heard Kalisah telling al-'Abbas b. al-Fadl b. al-Rabi that Musa sent to his mother al-Khayzuran a dish of rice, saying, "I found this tasty and accordingly ate some of it, so you have some too!" Khalisah related: But I said to her, "Don't touch it until you investigate further, for I am afraid that it might contain something to your detriment." So they brought in a dog; it ate some and fell down dead. Musa sent to al-Khayzuran afterwards and said, "How did you like the dish of rice?" She replied, "I enjoyed it very much." He said, "You can't have eaten it, because if you had, I would have been rid of you. When was any Caliph happy who had a mother (still alive)?" (v. 30 pp. 43–44)</dd></dl> <p>Al-Hadi moved his capital from Baghdad to <a href="/wiki/Hdatta" title="Hdatta">Haditha</a> shortly before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-EOI_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOI-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Hadi died in Baghdad at the age of 26 in 786, after ruling for only a year and two months. His brother, Harun al-Rashid, performed his funeral prayer. He was buried in 'Isa Abad. Al-Tabari notes varying accounts of this death, e.g. an abdominal ulcer or assassination prompted by al-Hadi's own mother. The note on p. 42 of volume 30 of the SUNY translation of al-Tabari cites pp. 288–289 of the <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-%27Uyun" title="Kitab al-'Uyun">Kitab al-'Uyun</a> for the possibility that al-Khayzuran feared al-Hadi would recover from his illness and thus had slave girls suffocate him. Al-Tabari (v. 30 pp. 42f) notes al-Hadi's assertion of independence from his mother, his forbidding her further involvement in public affairs and his threatening Harun's succession. This note continues, "Certainly, his death appears as too opportune for so many people concerned that it should have been a natural one." The famous Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun discredited this claim.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_activities">Military activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His short reign was fraught with numerous military conflicts. The revolt of Husayn ibn Ali ibn Hasan broke out when Husayn declared himself caliph in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>. </p><p>Shortly after caliph al-Mahdi died in July 785, Husayn and his followers rose in revolt at Medina, hoping to take advantage of the as yet unstable position of al-Mahdi's successor, al-Hadi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2016_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Probably on 16 May 786, Husayn and his fellow conspirators tried to seize control of Medina. At the <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">Mosque of the Prophet</a>, Husayn took the pulpit, symbolically dressed in white and wearing a white turban, and <a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">received the allegiance</a> of is followers, with the <a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">laqab</a> of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Murtaḍā min Āl Muḥammad</i></span>, 'the One pleasing to God from the house of Muhammad'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198918–19,_33_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198918–19,_33-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rebels failed to rally the ordinary people to their cause, however, and were quickly confronted by the local garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198919–20,_33–34_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198919–20,_33–34-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the following days, the partisans of the Alids (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Mubayyiḍa</i></span>, the 'wearers of white') and the Abbasids (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Musawwida</i></span>, the 'wearers of black') clashed repeatedly, but the latter emerged victorious, confining the Alids and their partisans to the precinct of the Great Mosque. With his uprising clearly a failure, Husayn left the city for <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> on 28 May, with some 300 followers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198920–21,_35_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198920–21,_35-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 June 786, at the <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">wadi</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_al-Zahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi al-Zahir (page does not exist)">Fakhkh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:وادي الزاهر">ar</a>]</span>, some 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of Mecca,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2016_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Husayn's small force encountered the Abbasid army, under the command of a number of Abbasid princes who had been present in the city with their armed retinues for the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616–617_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616–617-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198923–24,_30–31_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198923–24,_30–31-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ensuing battle, Husayn and over a hundred of his followers were killed, and many taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198925–28_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198925–28-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Alids managed to escape the battle by mingling with the Hajj pilgrims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198926_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198926-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them were <a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco" title="Idris I of Morocco">Idris</a> and Yahya, the brothers of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Hadi <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fakhkh" title="Battle of Fakhkh">crushed the rebellion</a> and killed Husayn and many of his followers but <a href="/wiki/Idris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Idris I">Idris bin Abdallah</a>, a cousin of Husayn, escaped and aided by <a href="/wiki/Wadih" title="Wadih">Wadih</a>, the Egyptian postal manager, reached coastal Maghreb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEustache19711031_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEustache19711031-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he later founded the <a href="/wiki/Idrisi_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisi state">Idrisi state</a> in 788. </p><p>Al-Hadi also crushed a <a href="/wiki/Kharijite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharijite">Kharijite</a> rebellion and repelled a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty">Byzantine</a> invasion. The Abbasid armies actually seized some territory from the latter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Hadi had two wives. One was <a href="/wiki/Lubabah_bint_Ja%27far" title="Lubabah bint Ja'far">Lubabah</a>, the daughter of Ja'far, son of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a>. The second was Ubaidah, daughter of Ghitrif ibn Atta and thus the niece of <a href="/wiki/Al-Khayzuran" title="Al-Khayzuran">Al-Khayzuran bint Atta</a> (Ghitrif ibn Atta's sister).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194667–68_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194667–68-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his concubines was Ghadir also known as Amat-al-Aziz, who had belonged to Rabi ibn Yunus, the powerful and ambitious chamberlain of caliphs al-Mansur and al-Mahdi. She was first presented to al-Mahdi, who, inturn presented her to al-Hadi. She was his favourite concubine, and bore him his two oldest sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After al-Hadi's death Harun al-Rashid married her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946137_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946137-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another concubine was Rahim, who was the mother of his son, Ja'far.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another concubine was Hilanah. After al-Hadi's death, she became a concubine of his brother Harun al-Rashid.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilpatrick_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other sons were al-Abbas, Abdallah, Ishaq, Isma'il, Sulayman and Musa. Of the two daughters, one was <a href="/wiki/Umm_Isa_bint_Musa_al-Hadi" title="Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi">Umm Isa</a>, who married Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mamun">al-Mamun</a>, and the other was Umm al-Abbas, who was nicknamed Nunah.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of them were born of concubines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His two sons, Isma'il and Ja'far married Harun-Rashid's daughters, Hamdunah and Fatimah respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946157_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946157-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historian <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a> notes varying accounts of al-Hadi's death, e.g. an abdominal ulcer or assassination prompted by al-Hadi's own mother. </p><p>Al-Hadi was succeeded by his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a>. Upon his accession, Harun led <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Friday prayers</a> in Baghdad's <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_al-Mansur" title="Great Mosque of al-Mansur">Great Mosque</a> and then sat publicly as officials and the layman alike lined up to swear allegiance and declare their happiness at his ascent to Amir al-Mu'minin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobrick201236_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobrick201236-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began his reign by appointing very able ministers, who carried on the work of the government so well that they greatly improved the condition of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fadl_ibn_Salih" title="Al-Fadl ibn Salih">Al-Fadl ibn Salih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Salih" title="Ibrahim ibn Salih">Ibrahim ibn Salih</a>, brother-in-law of al-Hadi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Al-Hadi" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Al-Hadi">Al-Hadi</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa' (The History of Caliphs)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Lane-Poole, The Coins of the Eastern Khaleefahs in the British Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194624-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194624_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194631_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194632-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194632_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194629_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626,_20-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194626,_20_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, pp. 26, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khiḍrī, Tārīkh-i khalāfat-i ʿabbāsīyān, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ṭaqūsh, Dawlat-i ʿabbāsīyān, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa' (The History of Caliphs)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, al-Aghānī, vol. 5, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ṭaqūsh, Dawlat-i ʿabbāsīyān, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seclusion-doumato-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seclusion-doumato_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEleanor_Abdella_Doumato2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Eleanor Abdella Doumato (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306013759/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0713">"Seclusion"</a>. In John L. Esposito (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0713">the original</a> on March 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seclusion&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Eleanor+Abdella+Doumato&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft236%2Fe0713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">El-Azhari, Taef. Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvnjbg3q">10.3366/j.ctvnjbg3q</a>. Accessed 27 Mar. 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). <i>The forgotten queens of Islam</i>. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). <i>The forgotten queens of Islam</i>. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOI-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EOI_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d9JSXwAACAAJ">"Ḥadīt̲a"</a>. In Hertzfeld, E (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Brill. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004081185" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004081185"><bdi>978-9004081185</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABt%CC%B2a&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=29&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-9004081185&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd9JSXwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa' (The History of Caliphs)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2016-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2016_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner2016_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurner2016">Turner 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971">Veccia Vaglieri 1971</a>, p. 616.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198918–19,_33-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198918–19,_33_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1989">Bosworth 1989</a>, pp. 18–19, 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198919–20,_33–34-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198919–20,_33–34_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1989">Bosworth 1989</a>, pp. 19–20, 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198920–21,_35-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198920–21,_35_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1989">Bosworth 1989</a>, pp. 20–21, 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616–617-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971616–617_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971">Veccia Vaglieri 1971</a>, pp. 616–617.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198923–24,_30–31-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198923–24,_30–31_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1989">Bosworth 1989</a>, pp. 23–24, 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri1971617_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971">Veccia Vaglieri 1971</a>, p. 617.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198925–28-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198925–28_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1989">Bosworth 1989</a>, pp. 25–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198926-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198926_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1989">Bosworth 1989</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEustache19711031-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEustache19711031_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEustache1971">Eustache 1971</a>, p. 1031.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194667–68-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194667–68_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott194666_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946137-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946137_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilpatrick-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kilpatrick_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilpatrick2023" class="citation book cs1">Kilpatrick, H. (2023). <i>The Book of Monasteries</i>. Library of Arabic Literature. NYU Press. pp. 309, 449. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-2572-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-2572-1"><bdi>978-1-4798-2572-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Monasteries&rft.series=Library+of+Arabic+Literature&rft.pages=309%2C+449&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-4798-2572-1&rft.aulast=Kilpatrick&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Tabari1989" class="citation book cs1">al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Yarir (1989). <i>The History of al-Tabari Vol. 30: The 'Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid A.D. 785–809/A.H. 169–193</i>. Bibliotheca Persica. State University of New York Press. pp. 58–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-564-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-564-4"><bdi>978-0-88706-564-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-Tabari+Vol.+30%3A+The+%27Abbasid+Caliphate+in+Equilibrium%3A+The+Caliphates+of+Musa+al-Hadi+and+Harun+al-Rashid+A.D.+785%E2%80%93809%2FA.H.+169%E2%80%93193&rft.series=Bibliotheca+Persica&rft.pages=58-59&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-564-4&rft.aulast=al-Tabari&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Ibn+Yarir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946157-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott1946157_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott1946">Abbott 1946</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobrick201236-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobrick201236_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBobrick2012">Bobrick 2012</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New Arabian nights' entertainments, Volume 3</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hadi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>, ed. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqf1gwM9O58C"><i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXX: The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Mūsā al-Hādī and Hārūn al-Rashīd, A.D. 785–809/A.H. 169–192</i></a>. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-564-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-564-4"><bdi>978-0-88706-564-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Volume+XXX%3A+The+%CA%BFAbb%C4%81sid+Caliphate+in+Equilibrium%3A+The+Caliphates+of+M%C5%ABs%C4%81+al-H%C4%81d%C4%AB+and+H%C4%81r%C5%ABn+al-Rash%C4%ABd%2C+A.D.+785%E2%80%93809%2FA.H.+169%E2%80%93192&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Near+Eastern+Studies.&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-564-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwqf1gwM9O58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">al-Masudi</a>, The Meadows of Gold, The Abbasids, transl. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone, Kegan Paul, London and New York, 1989</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nabia_Abbott" title="Nabia Abbott">Abbott, Nabia</a> (1946). <i>Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-031-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-031-6"><bdi>978-0-86356-031-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Queens+of+Baghdad%3A+Mother+and+Wife+of+H%C4%81r%C5%ABn+Al+Rash%C4%ABd&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1946&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-031-6&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Nabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobrick2012" class="citation book cs1">Bobrick, Benson (2012). <i>The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad</i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1416567622" title="Special:BookSources/978-1416567622"><bdi>978-1416567622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caliph%27s+Splendor%3A+Islam+and+the+West+in+the+Golden+Age+of+Baghdad&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1416567622&rft.aulast=Bobrick&rft.aufirst=Benson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Turner, John P. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26920">"Fakhkh"</a>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_26920">10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26920</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fakhkh&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_26920&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_26920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Veccia_Vaglieri" title="Laura Veccia Vaglieri">Veccia Vaglieri, L.</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2979">"al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, Ṣāḥib Fak̲h̲k̲h̲"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis_M%C3%A9nage" title="Victor Louis Ménage">Ménage, V. L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume III:<i> H–Iram</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 615–617. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_2979">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2979</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469525">495469525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-%E1%B8%A4usayn+b.+%CA%BFAl%C4%AB%2C+%E1%B9%A2%C4%81%E1%B8%A5ib+Fak%CC%B2h%CC%B2k%CC%B2h%CC%B2&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+III%3A+H%E2%80%93Iram&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=615-617&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_2979&rft.aulast=Veccia+Vaglieri&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_2979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEustache1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Eustache, D. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3492">"Idrīs I"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis_M%C3%A9nage" title="Victor Louis Ménage">Ménage, V. L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume III:<i> H–Iram</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1031. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3492">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3492</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469525">495469525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Idr%C4%ABs+I&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+III%3A+H%E2%80%93Iram&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=1031&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3492&rft.aulast=Eustache&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Hadi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>al-Hadi</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasid dynasty</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 26 April 764</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 786</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Abbasid_caliphs" title="List of Abbasid caliphs">Caliph</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> </b><br />785–786 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abbasid_caliphs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abbasid caliphs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abbasid_Caliphs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Abbasid_caliphs" title="List of Abbasid caliphs">Abbasid Caliphs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliphs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a><br />(749–1258)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saffah" title="Al-Saffah">al-Saffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">al-Amin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi">Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi</a></i><sup>[B]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">al-Mu'tasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">al-Wathiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">al-Muntasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in" title="Al-Musta'in">al-Musta'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">al-Mu'tazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi" title="Al-Muhtadi">al-Muhtadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">al-Mu'tamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">al-Mu'tadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muktafi" title="Al-Muktafi">al-Muktafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir" title="Al-Muqtadir">al-Muqtadir</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Mu%27tazz" title="Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz">Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz</a></i><sup>[B]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qahir" title="Al-Qahir">al-Qahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">al-Radi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">al-Muttaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">al-Mustakfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muti%27" title="Al-Muti'">al-Muti'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ta%27i%27" title="Al-Ta'i'">al-Ta'i'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">al-Qadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">al-Muqtadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">al-Mustazhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustarshid" title="Al-Mustarshid">al-Mustarshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid_Billah" title="Al-Rashid Billah">al-Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">al-Muqtafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid" title="Al-Mustanjid">al-Mustanjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadi" title="Al-Mustadi">al-Mustadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir" title="Al-Nasir">al-Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah">al-Zahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_I" title="Al-Mustansir I">al-Mustansir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">al-Musta'sim</a></li> <li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad" title="Siege of Baghdad">Mongol conquest</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliphs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a><br />(1261–1517)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_II" title="Al-Mustansir II">al-Mustansir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_I" title="Al-Hakim I">al-Hakim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_I_(Cairo)" title="Al-Mustakfi I (Cairo)">al-Mustakfi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_I" title="Al-Wathiq I">al-Wathiq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_II" title="Al-Hakim II">al-Hakim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid_I" title="Al-Mu'tadid I">al-Mu'tadid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'sim (Cairo)">al-Musta'sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_II" title="Al-Wathiq II">al-Wathiq II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'sim (Cairo)">al-Musta'sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'in (Cairo)">al-Musta'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid_II" title="Al-Mu'tadid II">al-Mu'tadid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_II" title="Al-Mustakfi II">al-Mustakfi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Cairo)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Cairo)">al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid_(Cairo)" title="Al-Mustanjid (Cairo)">al-Mustanjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_II" title="Al-Mutawakkil II">al-Mutawakkil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustamsik" title="Al-Mustamsik">al-Mustamsik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">al-Mutawakkil III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustamsik" title="Al-Mustamsik">al-Mustamsik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">al-Mutawakkil III</a></li> <li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1516%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)">Ottoman conquest</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[B]</sup> indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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