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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Arkeologi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Arkeologi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pentakrifan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentakrifan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pentakrifan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentakrifan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_Perkembangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_Perkembangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah Perkembangan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah_Perkembangan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah Perkembangan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_Perkembangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zaman_Purbawanisme_(Pra_sejarah_-_1820)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Purbawanisme_(Pra_sejarah_-_1820)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Zaman Purbawanisme (Pra sejarah - 1820)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Purbawanisme_(Pra_sejarah_-_1820)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Arkeologi_Prasejarah_(1820_hingga_1920)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Arkeologi_Prasejarah_(1820_hingga_1920)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Zaman Arkeologi Prasejarah (1820 hingga 1920)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Arkeologi_Prasejarah_(1820_hingga_1920)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Arkeologi_Lama_(1920-1960)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Arkeologi_Lama_(1920-1960)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zaman Arkeologi Lama (1920-1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Arkeologi_Lama_(1920-1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Arkeologi_Baru_(1960-2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Arkeologi_Baru_(1960-2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Zaman Arkeologi Baru (1960-2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Arkeologi_Baru_(1960-2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senarai_kawasan_arkeologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senarai_kawasan_arkeologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Senarai kawasan arkeologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senarai_kawasan_arkeologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkeologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 166 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argeologie" title="Argeologie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Argeologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%89%85%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ሥነ ቅርስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ቅርስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="علم الآثار – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الآثار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueoloch%C3%ADa" title="Arqueolochía – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arqueolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqu%C3%A8ologia" title="Arquèologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arquèologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolox%C3%ADa" title="Arqueoloxía – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arqueoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="पुरातत्त्व – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पुरातत्त्व" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arxeologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="قازی بیلیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازی بیلیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="প্রত্নতত্ত্ব – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রত্নতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B3-k%C3%B3%CD%98-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Khó-kó͘-ha̍k – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khó-kó͘-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археалогія – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Археалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Археалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="आर्कियोलॉजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्कियोलॉजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolohiya" title="Arkeolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arkeolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologiezh" title="Arkeologiezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arkeologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arqueologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeyolohiya" title="Arkeyolohiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arkeyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Археологи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Археологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiulugia" title="Archiulugia – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Archiulugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoleg" title="Archaeoleg – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Archaeoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A6ologi" title="Arkæologi – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arkæologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheoloogia" title="Arheoloogia – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arheoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αρχαιολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeolog%C3%AE" title="Archeologî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Archeologî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Archaeology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolog%C3%ADa" title="Arqueología – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arqueología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologio" title="Arkeologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkeologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquiolog%C3%ADa" title="Arquiología – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arquiología" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arkeologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="باستان‌شناسی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باستان‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archéologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeology" title="Archeology – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Archeology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologjie" title="Archeologjie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Archeologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seand%C3%A1la%C3%ADocht" title="Seandálaíocht – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seandálaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenndaaleeaght" title="Shenndaaleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shenndaaleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rc-e%C3%B2las" title="Àrc-eòlas – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àrc-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolox%C3%ADa" title="Arqueoloxía – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arqueoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1u-k%C3%BA-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Kháu-kú-ho̍k – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kháu-kú-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B3%A0%ED%95%99" title="고고학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고고학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հնագիտություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologio" title="Arkeologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arkeologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornleifafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Fornleifafræði – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fornleifafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="ארכאולוגיה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארכאולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9ologi" title="Arkéologi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arkéologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%A9b%C9%A9njaaz%C9%A9_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8A%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittarnisarsiorneq" title="Ittarnisarsiorneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ittarnisarsiorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არქეოლოგია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არქეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%94%D9%84%D9%85%DB%81%D9%90_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="عٔلمہِ آثار – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عٔلمہِ آثار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arche%C3%B2logij%C3%B4" title="Archeòlogijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Archeòlogijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiolojia" title="Akiolojia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Akiolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawopa" title="Rawopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rawopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeyoloji" title="Akeyoloji – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akeyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lark%C3%A9yoloji" title="Larkéyoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Larkéyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeoloj%C3%AE" title="Arkeolojî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arkeolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolojiya" title="Arkeolojiya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arkeolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ບູຮານວິທະຍາ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບູຮານວິທະຍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologia" title="Archaeologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archaeologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheolo%C4%A3ija" title="Arheoloģija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arheoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologija" title="Archeologija – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Archeologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arceolojia" title="Arceolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arceolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheolougii" title="Arheolougii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Arheolougii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9g%C3%A9szet" title="Régészet – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Régészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Археологија – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Археологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arke%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Arkeôlôjia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arkeôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പുരാവസ്തുശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുരാവസ്തുശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolo%C4%A1ija" title="Arkeoloġija – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arkeoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არქეოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არქეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="علم الاثار – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم الاثار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologie" title="Arqueologie – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arqueologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Археологи – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Археологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ရှေးဟောင်းသုတေသနပညာ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှေးဟောင်းသုတေသနပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooldheaidkeunde" title="Ooldheaidkeunde – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ooldheaidkeunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="पुरातत्व – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पुरातत्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="考古学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologgia" title="Archeologgia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Archeologgia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Archéologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arqueologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Археологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Археологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qorambaa" title="Qorambaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qorambaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arxeologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آثاریات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آثاریات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%81%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="သုတေသနစခါပညာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သုတေသနစခါပညာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Arkeologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="لرغونپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرغونپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="បុរាណវិទ្យា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុរាណវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကွတ်ပေါရာန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကွတ်ပေါရာန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9olodjie" title="Arkéolodjie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arkéolodjie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arqueologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Arxeologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologie" title="Arheologie – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arheologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Археолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airchaeology" title="Airchaeology – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airchaeology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologjia" title="Arkeologjia – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arkeologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiolugg%C3%ACa" title="Archioluggìa – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Archioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පුරාවිද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුරාවිද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Archaeology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قديم آثار – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قديم آثار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeol%C3%B3gia" title="Archeológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Archeológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="شوێنەوارناسی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شوێنەوارناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Археологија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Археологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9ologi" title="Arkéologi – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Arkéologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkeologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolohiya" title="Arkeolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkeolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தொல்லியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொல்லியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="పురావస్తు శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పురావస్తు శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akarolojia" title="Akarolojia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Akarolojia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="โบราณคดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบราณคดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BA%A3o_c%E1%BB%95_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khảo cổ học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khảo cổ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Бостоншиносӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бостоншиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiolosi" title="Akiolosi – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Akiolosi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeoloji" title="Arkeoloji – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arkeoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologi%C3%BDa" title="Arheologiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Arheologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археологія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Археологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آثاریات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آثاریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeo%C5%82ozia" title="Archeołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Archeołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6notav" title="Vönotav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vönotav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeoloogia" title="Arkeoloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arkeoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeyolodjeye" title="Arkeyolodjeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Arkeyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeyolohiya" title="Arkeyolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arkeyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="考古学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ארכעאלאגיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארכעאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80ay%C3%A9ij%E1%BB%8D%CC%81un" title="Ọ̀rọ̀ayéijọ́un – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ̀rọ̀ayéijọ́un" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="考古學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolociye" title="Arkeolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Arkeolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeolohie" title="Archeolohie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Archeolohie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Arkeuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arkeuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="考古学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan 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aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Archaeology.rome.arp.jpg/500px-Archaeology.rome.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1948" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption>Tinggalan 2,000-tahun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rom_Purba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rom Purba (laman tidak wujud)">Rom Purba</a> di <a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a> sedang digali dan dipeta oleh ahli arkeologi</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Arkeologi</b> (dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">αρχαιολογία</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: el is deprecated </span> - archaiologia, dari <i>αρχαίος</i> - archaios, "asal, purba, tua" dan <i>λόγος</i> - logos, "kajian" maka 'temu bual tentang benda purba atau silam'; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_bahasa_Inggeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>: <i lang="en">archaeology</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: en is deprecated </span>) atau <b>kaji purba</b> merupakan satu bidang <a href="/wiki/Sains" title="Sains">sains</a> yang melakukan kajian mengenai <a href="/wiki/Budaya" title="Budaya">kebudayaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Prasejarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasejarah">prasejarah</a> mahupun sejarah sesuatu ketamadunan dengan cara <a href="/wiki/Ekskavasi" title="Ekskavasi">penggalian</a> dan penghuraian kesan-kesan tinggalan baik dari segi <a href="/wiki/Artifak" title="Artifak">barangan</a> mahupun seni bina. ia boleh dianggap satu jurusan <a href="/wiki/Sains_sosial" title="Sains sosial">sains sosial</a> ataupun suatu bidang <a href="/wiki/Kemanusiaan" title="Kemanusiaan">kemanusiaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Renfrew_Bahn1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renfrew_Bahn1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pentakrifan">Pentakrifan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Pentakrifan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pentakrifan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setiap pakar dalam bidang ini memberikan penjelasan yang memahamkan mengenai bidang ini secara tersendiri. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Bahn (laman tidak wujud)">Paul Bahn</a> : Arkeologi ialah satu kajian sistematik tentang masa lampau yang berasaskan budaya kebendaan dengan bermatlamat untuk membongkar, menerangkan dan mengklasifikasikan tinggalan-tinggalan budaya, menghuraikan bentuk dan perilaku masyarakat masa silam serta memahami sejarah manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grahame_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grahame Clark (laman tidak wujud)">Grahame Clark</a>: Arkeologi sebagai satu bentuk kajian yang sistematik ke atas bahan-bahan purba bagi membentuk semula sejarah<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ia juga mencari bagaimana kita boleh menjadi manusia yang berjiwa dan mempunyai minda sebelum <a href="/wiki/Sistem_tulisan" title="Sistem tulisan">sistem tulisan</a> wujud.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Fagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Fagan (laman tidak wujud)">Brian Fagan</a>: Arkeologi adalah kajian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saintifik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saintifik (laman tidak wujud)">saintifik</a> tentang masa silam mengenai tingkahlaku manusia purba dari masa silam hingga kini<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ia juga meletakkan semua manusia dalam permulaan yang sama.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotrell_Leonard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotrell Leonard (laman tidak wujud)">Cotrell Leonard</a>: Arkeologi sebagai satu cerita mengenai manusia dengan merujuk kepada tinggalan seperti peralatan yang digunakan, <a href="/wiki/Monumen" title="Monumen">monumen</a>, rangka manusia dan segala yang terhasil dari inovasi yang diciptanya.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigfried_J._de_Leat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigfried J. de Leat (laman tidak wujud)">Sigfried J. de Leat</a>: Arkeologi sebagai satu disiplin sains dan cabang kepada bidang <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">sejarah</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nik_Hassan_Shuhaimi_Nik_Abd._Rahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman (laman tidak wujud)">Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman</a>: Pada mulanya ialah satu bentuk kajian ke atas bahan purba melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaedah_deskriptif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaedah deskriptif (laman tidak wujud)">kaedah deskriptif</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Sistematik" title="Sistematik">sistematik</a> pada sekitar abad ke-19 dan kini sebagai satu disiplin yang bertujuan untuk membentuk semula sejarah kebudayaan, sejarah cara hidup dan proses kebudayaan masyarakat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra_sejarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pra sejarah (laman tidak wujud)">pra sejarah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto_sejarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto sejarah (laman tidak wujud)">proto sejarah</a> dan sejarah dengan mengkaji <a href="/wiki/Artifak" title="Artifak">artifak</a> dan non artifak serta melihatnya dalam konteks alam sekitar.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Taylor (laman tidak wujud)">Walter Taylor</a>: Arkeologi bukanlah sejarah atau <a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropologi</a>. Berdiri sebagai disiplin yang tersendiri dengan satu kaedah dan kumpulan teknik yang khusus untuk mengumpulkan atau mendapatkan maklumat mengenai <a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebudayaan">kebudayaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_Perkembangan">Sejarah Perkembangan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah Perkembangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah Perkembangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Purbawanisme_(Pra_sejarah_-_1820)"><span id="Zaman_Purbawanisme_.28Pra_sejarah_-_1820.29"></span>Zaman Purbawanisme (Pra sejarah - 1820)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Purbawanisme (Pra sejarah - 1820)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Purbawanisme (Pra sejarah - 1820)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Purbawanisme</b> merupakan kombinasi perkataan 'purbawan' dan imbuhan daripada bahasa Inggeris '-isme'. Menurut Kamus <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</a>, purbawan memberi maksud orang yang mengkaji, mengumpul dan menjual barang-barang antik<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> manakala '-isme' bermaksud sifat dan kelakuan<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Diringkaskan bahawa 'purbawanisme' mengertikan sikap dan perlakuan orang yang mengkaji, mengumpul dan menjual barang-barang antik. Istilah yang lebih popular digunakan dalam bahasa Inggeris ialah <i>antiquity</i> ataupun <i>antiquarianism</i> .Pertama kali istilah itu muncul adalah pada abad ke-15 sebagai salah satu cabang sejarah <i>Renaissance Humanism.</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kegiatan purbawanisme yang pertama telah dijalankan oleh Nabonidus (555-538 SM), raja terakhir <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> sebelum ditakluki oleh <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Agung" title="Cyrus Agung">Cyrus Agung</a>. Beliau sangat meminati sejarah tamadun Babylon dan telah menemukan kuil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naram-Sin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naram-Sin (laman tidak wujud)">Naram-Sin</a> hingga ke lantai asas yang telah dibina 2200 tahun sebelum pemerintahannya. </p><p>Pada zaman pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> pula, barangan artifak seperti tempayan, senjata purba dan gangsa merupakan beberapa hasil penemuan askar Rom semasa mengeledah kubur-kubur purba di tanah-tanah jajahan mereka seperti di <a href="/wiki/Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Greece">Greece</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suetonis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suetonis (laman tidak wujud)">Suetonis</a> mencatatkan sedikit sebanyak tentang kegiatan pengumpulan barangan purba oleh Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Caesar">Augustus Caesar</a> manakala <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> mengatakan bahawa Julius Caesar telah mendirikan daerah jajahan <a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a> untuk askar-askarnya di <a href="/wiki/Corinth" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> lalu kekayaan yang terdapat di dalam perkuburan lama telah dijual kepada pengumpul-pengumpul Rom yang menghargai barangan Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada abad ke 14 hingga 17 Masihi, '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinets_of_Curiosity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinets of Curiosity (laman tidak wujud)">Cabinets of Curiosity</a>' menjadi bukti kemuncak minat masyarakat terutamanya raja-raja <a href="/wiki/Monarki" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki">monarki</a> seperti Rudolf II, maharaja Roman (memerintah dari 1576-1612) , Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria manakala dua koleksi barangan yang terkenal ialah milik Ole Worm (1588-1654) dan Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680). <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semasa abad ke-15, berlaku perkembangan minat untuk mengumpul harta benda secara besar-besaran bermula dari Itali dan subur berkembang di bawah pemerintahan paderi-paderi seperti Sixtus IV (1471-1484). Alexander VI pula telah memulakan usaha carigali untuk menambahkan bilangan koleksi pengumpulannya. Ia telah menjadikan aktiviti tersebut sebagai satu budaya dalam kalangan orang berada, menteri dan orang-orang gereja dan ini menandakan Zaman Pembaharuan atau 'Dilettanti' (<i>kegembiraan</i> dalam bahasa Itali)<i>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Arkeologi_Prasejarah_(1820_hingga_1920)"><span id="Zaman_Arkeologi_Prasejarah_.281820_hingga_1920.29"></span>Zaman Arkeologi Prasejarah (1820 hingga 1920)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Arkeologi Prasejarah (1820 hingga 1920)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Arkeologi Prasejarah (1820 hingga 1920)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Arkeologi prasejarah</b> berkembang dengan pesat di Eropah dan Amerika Syarikat. Pada ketika ini, bidang arkeologi lebih tertumpu kepada gambaran dan rekonstruksi kehidupan masa lampau dan memandang budaya secara normatif. Ia juga diperkukuhkan dengan wujudnya banyak teori yang dapat digunakan dalam bidang tersebut. Ringkasnya, sejarah perkembangan arkeologi pada masa ini lebih kepada pembinaan dan pengukuhan metodologi kajian hasil daripada teori yang dikutip dari berlainan cabang. Hal ini menunjukkan arkeologi merupakan sebuah bidang yang multi-displin. </p><p>Dari displin geologi, idea lapisan tanah dipelopori oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hutton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hutton (laman tidak wujud)">James Hutton</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> manakala Teori Uniformiti<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lyell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lyell (laman tidak wujud)">Charles Lyell</a> digunakan untuk mengkaji perkembangan kepurbakalaan manusia. Ini juga membuktikan pendapat golongan Injil pada masa itu tidak tepat kerana bagi mereka, kewujudan manusia ialah 4002 Sebelum Masihi namun mengikut kajian geologi, usia bumi jauh lebih tua daripada waktu yang dikemukakan oleh golongan Injil. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_Tiga_Zaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem Tiga Zaman (laman tidak wujud)">Sistem Tiga Zaman</a> yang diperkenalkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Jurgensen_Thompsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Jurgensen Thompsen (laman tidak wujud)">Christian Jurgensen Thompsen</a> telah memudahkan pembahagian zaman berdasarkan artifak iaitu <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Batu" title="Zaman Batu">Zaman Batu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Gangsa" title="Zaman Gangsa">Zaman Gangsa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi">Zaman Besi</a>. </p><p>Namun begitu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Boucher_de_Perthes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Boucher de Perthes (laman tidak wujud)">Jacques Boucher de Perthes</a> pada tahun 1841 lebih awal menganjurkan idea bahawa kepurbakalaan manusia jauh lebih awal dari 6004 tahun. Beliau juga salah seorang tokoh yang berpendapat bahawa arkeologi sejarah boleh dicartakan mengikut tempoh geologikal. Hasilnya, kajian stratigrafi yang dikembangkan lagi oleh William Smith di Kents Cavern, England. </p><p>Teori Evolusi <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> dicetuskan awalnya dari matlamat ingin mengkaji kepurbakalaan manusia. Teori beliau asasnya mengenai proses evolusi manusia daripada spesis primat primitf kepada manusia moden dan dibukukan pada tahun 1871 di bawah tajuk <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Descent_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Descent of Man (laman tidak wujud)">The Descent of Man</a></i> yang sehingga kini terkesan dalam kajian asal-usul manusia. Idea beliau juga menyebabkan kajian terhadap kepurbakalaan manusia dilakukan berdasarkan tinggalan kebudayaan. </p><p>Dalam waktu ini juga, arkeologi lama banyak menyumbang terhadap pembangunan bidang tersebut. Antaranya ialah teknik pemahaman tulisan <a href="/wiki/Hieroglif_Mesir" title="Hieroglif Mesir">hieroglif</a> daripada kajian terhadap <a href="/wiki/Batu_Rosetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu Rosetta">Batu Rosetta</a> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Francois_Champollion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Francois Champollion (laman tidak wujud)">Jean-Francois Champollion</a>, penemuan ukiran-ukiran besar <a href="/wiki/Assyrian" class="mw-disambig" title="Assyrian">Assyrian</a> dan perpustakaan kepingan <a href="/wiki/Tulisan_pepaku" title="Tulisan pepaku">bertulisan paku</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuyunjik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuyunjik (laman tidak wujud)">Kuyunjik</a> oleh Paul Emile Botta, Austen Henry Layard dan Henry Rawlinson, penemuan dan kajian terhadap tinggalan kebudayaan <a href="/wiki/Tamadun_Maya" title="Tamadun Maya">Maya</a> di Yucatan, Mexico oleh John Lloyd Stephen, ekskavasi tapak Awamoa di <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> oleh Walter Mantell pada 1852 dan paling besar, teknik ekskavasi sistematik oleh General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agustus_Lane-Fox_Pitt-Rivers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agustus Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers (laman tidak wujud)">Agustus Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers</a> di Wor Barrow, Cranborne Chase di selatan <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. </p><p>Perkembangan di masa ini juga memperlihatkan munculnya banyak muzium dan perkumpulan penyelidikan arkeologi, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Archaeological_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Archaeological Association (laman tidak wujud)">British Archaeological Association</a> (1844), Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum (1852), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institusi_Smithson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institusi Smithson (laman tidak wujud)">Institusi Smithson</a> Washington D.C (1855), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Peabody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Peabody (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Peabody</a> Harvard (1866), Egypt Exploration Society (1882), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturhistorisches_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturhistorisches Museum (laman tidak wujud)">Naturhistorisches Museum</a>, Vienna (1882) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_fur_Volkerkunde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum fur Volkerkunde (laman tidak wujud)">Museum fur Volkerkunde</a>, Berlin (1886). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Arkeologi_Lama_(1920-1960)"><span id="Zaman_Arkeologi_Lama_.281920-1960.29"></span>Zaman Arkeologi Lama (1920-1960)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Arkeologi Lama (1920-1960)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Arkeologi Lama (1920-1960)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Arkeologi lama</b> atau dikenali sebagai arkeologi tradisional merupakan satu zaman di mana lebih banyak penambahbaikan dari sudut teoritikal dan metodologi. <a href="/wiki/Ekskavasi" title="Ekskavasi">Ekskavasi</a> juga giat dijalankan dan penemuan-penemuan penting juga berjaya dijumpa dan direkodkan pengkajiannya, misalnya penemuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makam_Tutankhamun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makam Tutankhamun (laman tidak wujud)">makam Tutankhamun</a>, perkuburan Ur di Chalees dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gua_prasejarah_Lascaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gua prasejarah Lascaux (laman tidak wujud)">gua prasejarah Lascaux</a>. </p><p>Teknik tinjauan seperti aplikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoudara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoudara (laman tidak wujud)">fotoudara</a> diperluaskan penggunaannya oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=O._G._S_Crawford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O. G. S Crawford (laman tidak wujud)">O. G. S Crawford</a> manakala dari segi teknik ekskavasi, ia lebih teliti dan lebih baik dari sebelumnya dalam aspek pengalian, perekodan, ilustrasi dan interpretasi yang dipopularkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortimer_Wheeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortimer Wheeler (laman tidak wujud)">Mortimer Wheeler</a> dalam usaha ekskavasi tapak-tapak di selatan England dan utara Perancis antara tahun 1934 hingga 1937. </p><p>Penyelidikan yang lebih saintifik mula mengambil tempat dalam metodologi penyelidikan khususnya dalam projek ekskavasi di Britain dan Perancis. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Von_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lennart Von Post (laman tidak wujud)">Lennart Von Post</a> telah membangunkan teknik rekonstruksi tumbuh-tumbuhan purba berdasarkan kajian <a href="/wiki/Debunga" title="Debunga">debunga</a> pada tahun 1930-an. Teknik ini diperkenalkan lagi oleh Grahame Clark di Britain, termasuk pendekatan aspek ekonomi digunakan dalam usaha pemahaman komuniti masyarakat prasejarah dalam tahun 1949 hingga 1951 di tapak Star Carr, Yorkshire, utara England. </p><p>Selepas Perang Dunia kedua, kaedah <a href="/wiki/Pentarikhan_radiokarbon" title="Pentarikhan radiokarbon">pentarikhan radiokarbon</a> mula diperkenalkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a>. Pentarikhan menggunakan karbon-14 ini banyak mengubah maklumat tentang masa lampau dan ini boleh dilihat dalam tapak zaman Gangsa Aegaen di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca,_Belgrade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinca, Belgrade (laman tidak wujud)">Vinca, Belgrade</a> yang sebelum ini dianggap sebagai tapak zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neolitik_Akhir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neolitik Akhir (laman tidak wujud)">Neolitik Akhir</a> pada tahun 1908 hingga 1912. Kaedah ini diperakui dan diterima kesahihannya menjelang tahun 1970. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Arkeologi_Baru_(1960-2000)"><span id="Zaman_Arkeologi_Baru_.281960-2000.29"></span>Zaman Arkeologi Baru (1960-2000)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Arkeologi Baru (1960-2000)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Arkeologi Baru (1960-2000)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Arkeologi baru</b> ini telah diperkenalkan oleh Lewis Binford, seorang arkeologis Amerika Syarikat dan David Clarke dari Britain pada pertengahan tahun 1960-an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senarai_kawasan_arkeologi">Senarai kawasan arkeologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Senarai kawasan arkeologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Senarai kawasan arkeologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_Niah" title="Gua Niah">Gua Niah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembah_Bujang" title="Lembah Bujang">Lembah Bujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Renfrew_Bahn1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Renfrew_Bahn1991_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renfrew and Bahn (2004 [1991]:13)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSinclair_A2016" class="citation cs2">Sinclair A (2016), "The Intellectual Base of Archaeological Research 2004–2013: a visualisation and analysis of its disciplinary links, networks of authors and conceptual language", <i>Internet Archaeology</i> (42), <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11141%2Fia.42.8">10.11141/ia.42.8</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Intellectual+Base+of+Archaeological+Research+2004%E2%80%932013%3A+a+visualisation+and+analysis+of+its+disciplinary+links%2C+networks+of+authors+and+conceptual+language&rft.issue=42&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11141%2Fia.42.8&rft.au=Sinclair+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AArkeologi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baszley Bee. <i>AJ10403 Pengantar Arkeologi: Pengertian Arkeologi.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid. hlm 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeology101/a/archaeologyis.htm">http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeology101/a/archaeologyis.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid. hlm. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeology101/a/archaeologyis.htm">http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeology101/a/archaeologyis.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nama, <i>Kamus Dewan Bahasa Edisi Keempat.</i> Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Kuala Lumpur. 2007. hlm. 1253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ibid. hlm. 590</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Ian. Jameson, Robert. <i>A Dictionary of Archaelogy.</i> Blackwell Publisher Ltd. USA. 1999. hlm. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hole, Frank. Heizer, Robert F. <i>Arkeologi Prasejarah: Satu Pengenalan Ringkas.</i> 1990. Selangor: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. hlm. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12861/12861-h/12861-h.htm">Hutton, James. 1785. Theory of the Earth</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/33224/33224-h/33224-h.htm">Lyell, Charles. 1833. <i>Principles of Geology.</i></a> </span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sumber utama</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_Renfrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin Renfrew (laman tidak wujud)">Colin Renfrew</a> & Paul Bahn – <i>Archaeology: theories, methods and practice</i>, edisi ke-2 (1996)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&oldid=5493356">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arkeologi&oldid=5493356</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Arkeologi" title="Kategori:Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Yunani" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Yunani">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Yunani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_bahasa_Inggeris" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa bahasa Inggeris">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa bahasa Inggeris</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 05:04, 23 Februari 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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