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Search results for: rural development

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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: rural development</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17321</span> The Role of the General Budget in the Agricultural and Rural Development as an Alternative Economic outside the Hydrocarbons Sector </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kherbache%20Radhwane">Kherbache Radhwane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the nature of the strategy of agricultural and rural development, through the fiscal policy adopted by the government throughout programs included in the general budget of the state represented in the national program of agricultural and rural development. This study concluded that the general balance play an important role in the design of the strategy of agricultural and rural development despite the numerous problems clear in the result of the precedent plans of agricultural and rural development. Based on that we suggest that more importance should be accorded to the agricultural and rural field and that it should be one among economic alternatives to the collection of petroleum, as the countryside is the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20balance" title="general balance">general balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title=" political economy"> political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20of%20agricultural%20and%20rural%20development" title=" strategy of agricultural and rural development"> strategy of agricultural and rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20alternatives" title=" economic alternatives"> economic alternatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collection%20of%20petroleum" title=" collection of petroleum"> collection of petroleum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11312/the-role-of-the-general-budget-in-the-agricultural-and-rural-development-as-an-alternative-economic-outside-the-hydrocarbons-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17320</span> Demographic Component Role in Rural Development in the Region of Bucovina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morar%20%28Bumbu%29%20Nicoleta%20Ileana">Morar (Bumbu) Nicoleta Ileana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Located in the northeastern part of Romania in a cross-border area, Bucovina region, due to historical events that took place here, is characterized by the cohabitation in the same area of a significant number of ethnic communities, represented in 54% by rural population. In addition to providing the natural, economic history and decision makers, the demographic component is responsible for the region's development trajectory to which it belongs. The influence that people exert on rural development is shown by the values of the different demographic indicator. This study will analyze the demographic indicators obtained against a strong database, emphasizing the indicators that favor the rural development of the region and those that prevent it. The study is useful in defining the rightful directions that rural economic development can focus on, also representing an important tool in developing strategies for the development of rural settlements of Bucovina region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bucovina" title="Bucovina">Bucovina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20directions" title=" development directions"> development directions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20indicators" title=" demographic indicators"> demographic indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37223/demographic-component-role-in-rural-development-in-the-region-of-bucovina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17319</span> The Role of Human Capital in Rural Development: A Critical Look at Ethiopian Education Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blen%20Telayneh%20Melese">Blen Telayneh Melese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural development, the unending quest of a developing country, cannot be succeeded in deprived of human capital development. Human capital, the economic pillars of a country's development, appeals a policy-based supports while fulfilling what is expected. Ethiopia, one of the rural countries with untouched and forgotten land and human force, owes historical experiences of educational policy intending for mobilization of its citizen for the advancement of the overall economy. Rural Ethiopia as well has been the focus of those educational policies, considering the economic resources entrenched with in. In this literature review paper, Ethiopian educational policy and its contribution to human capital development, as well as its role in generating quality human labor force, is assessed concisely. The author argues that the foundation of rural development such as technology, knowledge, infrastructure, market chain, communication and etc., can only be achieved through enhanced education policy that conciliates the existing reality of rural communities. Ethiopia still needs an education policy that enables it to generate a human capital that is oriented with the rural areas economic opportunities and challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital%20development" title=" human capital development"> human capital development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20policy" title=" education policy"> education policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145714/the-role-of-human-capital-in-rural-development-a-critical-look-at-ethiopian-education-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17318</span> The Sustainable Development of Chinese Rural Areas Promoted by Agricultural Cultural and Creative Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Chuhao">Jin Chuhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Xiang"> Chen Xiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, due to the rapid development of Chinese urbanization, a great deal of rural population surge into urban to make a living. This fact causes the vicious circulation of rural development including sharp decrease of agricultural labor force in rural area, the obvious increase of rural land price, the shrinking of traditional agriculture and the bigger gap between Chinese urban and rural areas. With the improvement of living condition and ideological level of the Chinese people, the use and renewal of the traditional villages are gaining more and more attention, thus agricultural cultural and creative industries appears. Basing on the investigation of practical projects, this paper discusses how the agricultural cultural and creative industries promote the sustainable development of Chinese rural areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design" title="sustainable design">sustainable design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20rural%20areas" title=" Chinese rural areas"> Chinese rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewal" title=" renewal"> renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20cultural%20and%20creative%20industries" title=" agricultural cultural and creative industries"> agricultural cultural and creative industries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44219/the-sustainable-development-of-chinese-rural-areas-promoted-by-agricultural-cultural-and-creative-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17317</span> Effect of Rural Entrepreneurship in Rural Development in Nigeria: A Study of Selected Entrepreneurs in Ikwuano Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeanyi%20Charles%20Otuokere">Ifeanyi Charles Otuokere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20Nneoma%20Nnochiri"> Victoria Nneoma Nnochiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship generally and specifically within the rural communities in Nigeria is a fast means of bringing development within the communities. This is made possible by utmost maximization and management of available local resources to develop rural areas through good management of these local resources. This study anchors on the rural development paradigm and the integrated rural development theories to understudy the knowledge of rural entrepreneurs on rural economic development. The research study made use of surveys and descriptive analysis. The assessable population for the study, which was randomly selected, is 100 rural entrepreneurs from ten rural communities within the Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. The study made use of both primary and secondary as a source of data collection with much emphasis on a primary source, although secondary data such as journals, textbooks electronic sources were also utilised. A carefully structured questionnaire drafted to extract raw data was administered to selected entrepreneurs. The findings of the study showed that developments within rural communities can only be achieved through rural entrepreneurship. This is evidenced in increased output, job creation, and most importantly, reduction of rural to urban migration, among other things. Recommendations were also made based on these findings; the researchers recommended that infrastructural developments should be made available in the rural communities and government policies should create enabling environments along with other assistance to help these rural entrepreneurs achieve their sole aim. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20developments" title="economic developments">economic developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20communities" title=" rural communities"> rural communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20entrepreneurship" title=" rural entrepreneurship"> rural entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138306/effect-of-rural-entrepreneurship-in-rural-development-in-nigeria-a-study-of-selected-entrepreneurs-in-ikwuano-local-government-area-abia-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17316</span> Branding a Powerful Catalyst for Rural Economic Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Borhani">Mojtaba Borhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By employing the unique characteristics of a region, its economy, climate, geography, and culture, rural communities can create distinctive products. This approach not only boosts economic opportunities but also promotes sustainable growth and preserves cultural heritage. A strategic focus on branding and intellectual property (IP) is essential. By developing strong brands, rural areas can differentiate their products, increase their market value, and build consumer loyalty. Moreover, IP protection safeguards the creative and innovative output of rural communities, incentivizing further development. Rural branding can serve as a cornerstone for community empowerment. It can help to prevent rural exodus by providing economic incentives and a strong sense of place. Additionally, by protecting traditional knowledge and cultural expressions, branding contributes to the long-term sustainability of rural livelihoods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title="intellectual property">intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20branding" title=" regional branding"> regional branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20economy" title=" rural economy"> rural economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188951/branding-a-powerful-catalyst-for-rural-economic-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17315</span> Feasibility Analysis of Active and Passive Technical Integration of Rural Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanchan%20Liu">Chanchan Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of urbanization in China, the rapid development of urban construction has been achieved, but a large number of rural buildings still continue the construction mode many years ago. This paper mainly analyzes the rural residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter regions analyze the active and passive technologies of the buildings. It explored the feasibility of realizing the sustainable development of rural buildings in an economically reasonable range, using mainly passive technologies, innovative building design methods, reducing the buildings’ demand for conventional energy, and supplementing them with renewable energy sources. On this basis, appropriate technology and regional characteristics are proposed to keep the rural architecture retain its characteristics in the development process. It is hoped that this exploration can provide reference and help for the development of rural buildings in the hot summer and cold winter regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20rural%20building" title="the rural building">the rural building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20technology" title=" active technology"> active technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20technology" title=" passive technology"> passive technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development "> sustainable development </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97116/feasibility-analysis-of-active-and-passive-technical-integration-of-rural-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17314</span> Development of Rural Entrepreneurs: Challenges Faced in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankar%20Majumder">Sankar Majumder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of Rural Entrepreneurs requires a holistic approach involving social, economic, political, technical, and environmental and many other issues. It needs a thorough understanding of the economy and society. It's true that agricultural development, rural development and many other social and right based development programmes have resulted in the growth of income in the rural sector. The development of rural entrepreneurs is necessary to utilise these opportunities. Many programmes and policies in the spheres of organisational, financial, infrastructural and technical supports have been taken to promote rural industries. But if one looks at the growth and development of rural industrial units, especially the manufacturing units, the picture is not promising. This paper aims at analysing the possible causes and its solutions in terms of (1) Mind set of the society towards business as a livelihood; (2) Sufficiency and appropriateness of the existing organisational, financial, infrastructural and technical supports. The paper is based on secondary data on various aspects of rural enterprises and the author’s experiences in the course of his work as a practitioner in this field. Growth of units and employment in the rural industries shows that the entrepreneurs are more inclined towards trading units than towards manufacturing ventures. The growth of rural industries is constrained not by the insufficiency of the supply of finance but by the insufficient demand for finance. The task is to increase the supply of entrepreneurs by creating an entrepreneurial environment. Incubation for rural entrepreneurs is the need of the hour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20mind%20set" title="business mind set">business mind set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20environment" title=" entrepreneurial environment"> entrepreneurial environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20of%20finance" title=" supply of finance"> supply of finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20support" title=" technical support"> technical support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131713/development-of-rural-entrepreneurs-challenges-faced-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17313</span> Energy Trends in Rural South Africa: A Case Study of the Mnweni Rural Community in the Province of Kwazulu-Natal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noel%20Chellan">Noel Chellan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy is the life-blood of development. All human societies have been and still are dependent on energy – some societies more than others. With regard to energy in South Africa, previous policies of the apartheid regime neglected the energy needs of poor black communities in general – and rural communities in particular. Since South Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994 – whilst millions of South African households have received electricity from the national electricity grid, there are still many rural communities that are still experiencing challenges in relation to both electricity deprivation as well as provision. This paper looks at the energy-mix of the Mnweni rural community in South Africa and argues that understanding energy is key to understanding the nature and forms of development of any community or country, for that matter. The paper engages with the energy trends in the rural community of Mnweni from the days of apartheid until 2021. It also looks at agricultural practises from an energy perspective. Such an energy perspective will enable one to assess the pace and scale of development in rural Mnweni. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title="rural">rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apartheid" title=" apartheid"> apartheid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138914/energy-trends-in-rural-south-africa-a-case-study-of-the-mnweni-rural-community-in-the-province-of-kwazulu-natal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17312</span> Mindset Change: Unlocking the Potential for Community-Based Rural Development in Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisy%20Owomugasho%20Ndikuno">Daisy Owomugasho Ndikuno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper explores the extent to which mindset change has been critical in the community rural development in Uganda. It is descriptive research with The Parish Development Model as a case study. The results show that rural community development is possible and its success largely depends on harnessing local resources and knowledge; leveraging education, empowerment and awareness; creating sustainable livelihoods and encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation; access to financial resources; and building collaborative networks and partnerships. In all these, the role of mindset change is critical. By instilling a positive, collaborative and innovative mindset, rural communities can overcome challenges and chat a path towards sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title="community">community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindset" title=" mindset"> mindset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change" title=" change"> change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180247/mindset-change-unlocking-the-potential-for-community-based-rural-development-in-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17311</span> Research on the Application of Renewability in the Construction Model of Zhejiang Rural Revitalization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Junchao">Zheng Junchao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhu"> Wang Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advancement of China's urbanization process, the Chinese government has put forward the strategy of rural revitalization which is aiming at realizing the comprehensive integration of urban and rural areas and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. The path of rural revitalization in Zhejiang province put forward a typical model from four dimensions: suburban area, plain, island and mountain area. Research methods include on-the-spot investigation, visiting a number of successful demonstration villages in Zhejiang and interviewing village officials. Based on the location conditions, resource endowments, industrial forms and development foundations of Zhejiang Province, this paper introduces in detail the model of rural revitalization in Zhejiang Province and the challenges it encounters, as well as the role of building construction. The rural development model of Zhejiang province makes the rural culture flourish. Taking the construction of rural scenic spots as the carrier, the rural culture, and natural landscape are constantly improved. It provides a model and template for the country's rural revitalization. The promotion of Zhejiang rural revitalization model will improve the current rural landscape, living standard and industrial structure, which will narrow the urban-rural gap greatly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20rural%20revitalization" title="comprehensive rural revitalization">comprehensive rural revitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhejiang%20model" title=" Zhejiang model"> Zhejiang model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproducible" title=" reproducible"> reproducible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20integration" title=" comprehensive integration"> comprehensive integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109437/research-on-the-application-of-renewability-in-the-construction-model-of-zhejiang-rural-revitalization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17310</span> Local Development and Community Participation in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolu%20Lawal">Tolu Lawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The genuine development of the grassroots particularly in the developing societies depends largely on the participation of the rural populace in policy conception and implementation, especially in the area of development policies, fundamentally, the rural people play a vital and significance role in economic and political development of the nation. This is because the bulk of the economic produce as well as votes come from these areas. However, the much needed development has continued to elude the rural communities inspire of the various development policies carried out by successive governments in the state. The exclusion of rural communities from planning and implementation of facilities meant to benefit them, and the international debate on sustainable rural development led Ondo State government to re-think its rural development policy with a view to establishing more effective strategies for rural development. The 31s initiatives introduced in 2009 emphasizes the important role of communities in their own development. The paper therefore critically assessed the 31s initiative of the present government in Ondo State with a view to knowing its impact on rural people. The study adopted both primary and secondary data to source its information. Interviews were conducted with the key informants, and field survey (visit) was also part of method of collecting data. Documents, reports and records on 31s initiatives in the selected villages and from outside were also consulted. The paper submitted that 31s initiative has not impacted positively on the lives of rural dwellers in Ondo-State, most especially in the areas of infrastructure and integrated development. The findings also suggested that 31s initiatives is not hopeless, but needs a different kind of investment, for example introducing measures of accountability, addressing the politicization of the initiative and exploiting key principles of development and service delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18391/local-development-and-community-participation-in-owo-local-government-area-of-ondo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17309</span> Impact of Radio on Rural Development: A Study of Ipokia Local Government Area, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Shola%20Adeosun">Haruna Shola Adeosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeoye%20Odedeji"> Adeoye Odedeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the impact of radio on rural development. The researcher employed survey method to gather primary data. The objectives and questions were used from and hypotheses were formulated were raised from the statement of the problem. Cultivation theory was used as the theoretical study. The populations of the study were the inhabitant of Ipokia Local Government. Questionnaires were administered on the 400 respondents. Data gathered were analyzed, interpreted and hypotheses of the study were tested. The finding revealed that; radio has impacted on the rural dwellers and there is a significant relationship between radio and rural dwellers. Also, radio has brought socio-economic development on rural dwellers. The study recommended that radio messages should be designed in line with the pre-existing attitudes of the rural dwellers. It was also discovered that radio stations should endeavour to use local dialects especially when the radio programme is aimed at the rural dwellers that effective communication that can increase active participation of government and the public. Finally, the study recommends that radio stations should be well funded to produce programmes that would serve the purpose of educating and informing the public on issues relevant to them and there is need to establish community radio stations that will be closer to rural dwellers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title="impact">impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio" title=" radio"> radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55462/impact-of-radio-on-rural-development-a-study-of-ipokia-local-government-area-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17308</span> Revitalization Strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Rural Areas Organized by Production-Living-Ecology Spatial Network at Township Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liuhui%20Zhu">Liuhui Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Zeng"> Peng Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rural revitalization strategy means to take the country and the city on the same level, and achieve urban-rural integration and comprehensive development of rural areas. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei rural areas have always been the weak links in the region, with prominently uneven development between urban and rural areas. The rural areas need to join the overall regional synergy. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and problems of rural development in the region from the perspective of production-living-ecology space, the paper proposes the township as the basic unit for rural revitalization according to the overall requirements of the rural revitalization strategy. The basic unit helps to realize resource arrangement, functional organization, and collaborative governance organized by the production-living-ecology spatial network. The paper summarizes the planning strategies for the basic unit. Through spatial cognition and spatial reconstruction, the three space is networked through the base, nodes, and connections to improve the comprehensive value of rural areas and achieve the multiple goals of rural revitalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20revitalization" title="rural revitalization">rural revitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei%20region" title=" Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region"> Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=township%20level" title=" township level"> township level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production-living-ecology%20spatial%20network" title=" production-living-ecology spatial network"> production-living-ecology spatial network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116760/revitalization-strategy-of-beijing-tianjin-hebei-rural-areas-organized-by-production-living-ecology-spatial-network-at-township-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17307</span> Research on the Evolutionary Character of Capital in Rural Areas and Counter-Measure of Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Song">Han Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingting%20Wei"> Tingting Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Chen"> Dong Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The combination of capital and rural areas in China has shown its great significance in promoting urban-rural integration and new-style urbanization, enhancing regional capacity for sustainable rural development and optimizing human settlement environment. The purpose of this study is to find capital operation mechanism in rural area and rural planning guidance in China. Based on case studies in Chinese rural areas, two types of capital operation mechanism in rural areas are summed up: intervention in the field of agriculture promoting the upgrading and innovation of agricultural industry chain, intervention in rural life and leisure areas updating rural connotation and form. In the light of experiences in Japan and Taiwan, it is proposed that government's norms and guidance, rural investment intensity and rural self-organization are three important factors for capital to drive rural development. It is also found that the unique land tenure and rural governance tradition are two important factors effecting the combination of capital and rural regions in China, which requires full attention in rational policy-making and rural planning. It comes to a conclusion as four directions of the overall reform of the rural planning: targeting at enhancing the viability of rural and sustainable capacity, encouraging differences in investment incentives and planning policies, providing land usage in the rural areas with planning support and reforming the village system. Directional guidance is also made for different types of capital investments, suggesting that capital should be rooted in agriculture and rural land to benefit farmers and update human settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital" title="capital">capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20planning" title=" rural planning"> rural planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20governance" title=" rural governance"> rural governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35127/research-on-the-evolutionary-character-of-capital-in-rural-areas-and-counter-measure-of-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17306</span> A Comparative Research on the Development Level of Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Children in Rural Areas of Henan Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuying%20Zhu">Yuying Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Left-behind children in rural areas are vulnerable groups with the course of our country’s urbanization. Left-behind young children in rural area separate from their parents in their early childhood, vicegerent guardian’s care are less sensitive and careful than children’s parents; they give less concern to children’s verbal development, this makes the verbal problem of the left-behind children to be ubiquitous problem. This study chooses four kindergartens from the east the middle and the west of the Henan Province, explore the verbal development differences between the left-behind young children and the non-left-behind young rural children through the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) and self-made questionnaires. The study shows that there is no significant difference between the left-behind young children and the non-left-behind young rural children in the verbal development, though the marks in primary class and middle class the non-left-behind young rural children is higher, but, the top class in the kindergarten is not. What’s more, the emergent reading and the economy have significant influence on young children’s verbal ability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=left-behind%20children" title="left-behind children">left-behind children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-left-behind%20children" title=" non-left-behind children"> non-left-behind children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20difference" title=" regional difference"> regional difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verbal%20development" title=" verbal development"> verbal development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93053/a-comparative-research-on-the-development-level-of-left-behind-and-non-left-behind-children-in-rural-areas-of-henan-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17305</span> Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship as Strategy for Economic Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salami%20Ayobami%20Taofeek">Salami Ayobami Taofeek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajayi%20Adeola"> Ajayi Adeola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural tourism entrepreurship is a tourist industry which revolutionizes businesses and prompting economic development across the globe. It encompasses huge range activities, natural or man-made attractions, amenities and facilities, transportation, marketing and information systems. It is also an important export for 83% of the developing countries and the main export for one third of them. In 2000, developing countries recorded 142.6 million international arrivals an increase of 95% compared to the figures of 1990. However, only developing countries with effective natural and man-made tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure have been able to develop their tourism sector and seize the attendance advantages. Rural areas of Nigeria possess some distinctive peculiarities which can be transformed into attractive tourist centers. In spite of all these, rural tourism areas are still faced with myriad problems which include poor finance inadequate awareness and education, lack of progress in developing the rural of progress in developing the rural tourism potentials inadequate legislation, insecurity, entrepreneurial inertness, over-dependent on oil among others. This paper focuses on the impact and challenges of rural tourism entrepreneurship as strategy for economic development in Nigeria. It reviews literature rural tourism, tourism entrepreneurship potentials and classifications of Nigerians tourism potential’s destinations. The paper concludes that Nigeria Government should encourage rural based tourism entrepreneurship development by addressing the challenges facing rural tourism entrepreneurship in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20tourism" title=" rural tourism"> rural tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20destinations%20tourism%20potentials" title=" tourism destinations tourism potentials"> tourism destinations tourism potentials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37989/rural-tourism-entrepreneurship-as-strategy-for-economic-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17304</span> Importance of Cadastral Infrastructure in Rural Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saban%20Inam">Saban Inam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Necdet%20Sahiner"> Necdet Sahiner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayfun%20Cay"> Tayfun Cay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental factors such as rapid population growth, changing economic conditions, desertification and climate change increase demand for the acquisition and use of land. Demands on the land are increasing due to the lack of production of soils and scarcity. This causes disagreements on the land. Reducing the pressure on the land and protecting the natural resources, public investments should be directed economically and rationally. This will make it possible to achieve equivalent living conditions between the rural area and the urban area. Initiating the development from the rural area and the cadastre needs to be redefined to allow the management of the land. The planned, regular, effective agriculture and rural development policies that Turkey will implement in the process of European Union membership will also significantly shape Turkey's position in the European Union. For this reason, Turkey enjoys the most appropriate use of natural resources, which is one of the main objectives of the European Union's recent rural development policy. This study deals with the urgent need to provide cadastral data infrastructure that will form the basis for land management which is supposed to support economic and societal sustainable development in rural and urban areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title="rural development">rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadastre" title=" cadastre"> cadastre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20management" title=" land management"> land management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20reform%20implementation%20project" title=" agricultural reform implementation project"> agricultural reform implementation project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20%20parcel%20identification%20system" title=" land parcel identification system"> land parcel identification system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54710/importance-of-cadastral-infrastructure-in-rural-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17303</span> The Effect of LEADER and Community-Led Local Development in Spanish Municipal Unemployment: A Difference-in-Difference Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20A.%20Borrella">Miguel A. Borrella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20P.%20Fanjul"> Ana P. Fanjul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suca%20Munoz"> Suca Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Herrera"> Liliana Herrera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the impact of LEADER, a remarkable Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) approach of the European Program for Rural Development applied to rural municipalities of Spain in 2018 and 2019. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy and a newly-constructed database, results show that aided municipalities have significantly lower unemployment levels than non-aided municipalities. Results are significant for the decrease in unemployment for both women and people younger than 25 years old, two of the target groups of the policy. Nevertheless, they are larger for male and older workers. Therefore, findings suggest that LEADER 2017-2018 was successful in reducing unemployment in rural areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-led%20local%20development" title="community-led local development">community-led local development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex-post%20evaluation" title=" ex-post evaluation"> ex-post evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEADER" title=" LEADER"> LEADER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136947/the-effect-of-leader-and-community-led-local-development-in-spanish-municipal-unemployment-a-difference-in-difference-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17302</span> Provision of the Amenities Lacking in the Annapur Village Through a Different Government Scheme to Become Self Sustainable Village</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shalaka%20Sharad%20Dixit">Shalaka Sharad Dixit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural Development in India is an important part of the rural economy & empowerment. Almost 70 percent of the Indian population lives in villages, hence rural development is important to become self-sustainable. Hence, the process to aiming the self-reliance of people living in rural areas. Maharashtra is one of the leading states in rural development. Hence, further study of the different villages in the five regions of Maharashtra i.e. Kokan, Pashchim, Marathwada, Khandesh, and Vidharbh. The study shows that major amenities lacking in the village. Annapur village case study has been done. The result has shown that the villagers face major problems like Unemployment, Load shedding, missing education facilities, unavailability of Bank and ATM, etc. They are facing lots of problems because scarce of required amenities. Therefore, the aim is to provide the amenities lacking in the Annapur village through a different government scheme. Government plans are devoted to development that includes the PMGSY, MGNREG, and GRAM UJALA. The study concluded that to provide and fulfill the amenities lacking in the Annapur village with the help of this government initiative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20sustainable%20rural%20development" title="self sustainable rural development">self sustainable rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20policies" title=" government policies"> government policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annapurna%20village" title=" Annapurna village"> Annapurna village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amenities" title=" amenities"> amenities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20village" title=" smart village"> smart village</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150445/provision-of-the-amenities-lacking-in-the-annapur-village-through-a-different-government-scheme-to-become-self-sustainable-village" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17301</span> Rural-Urban Partnership for Balanced Spatial Development in Latvia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zane%20Bulderberga">Zane Bulderberga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spatial dimension in development planning is becoming more topical in 21st century as a result of changes in population structure. Sustainable spatial development focuses on identifying and using territorial advantages to foster the harmonized development of the entire country, reducing negative effects of population concentration, increasing availability and mobility. EU and national development planning documents state polycentrism as main tool for balance spatial development, including investment concentration in growth centres. If mutual cooperation of growth centres as well as urban-rural cooperation is not fostered, then territorial differences can deepen and create unbalanced development. The aim of research: to evaluate the urban-rural interaction, elaborating spatial development scenarios in framework of Latvian regional policy. To perform the research monographic, comparison, abstract-logical method, synthesis and analysis will be used when studying the theoretical aspects of research aiming at collecting the ideas of scientists from different countries, concepts, regulations as well as to create meaningful scientific discussion. Hierarchy analysis process (AHP) will be used to state further scenarios of spatial development in Latvia. Experts from various institutions recognized urban-rural interaction and co-operation as an essential tool for the development. The most important factors for balanced spatial development in Latvia are availability of public transportation and improvement of service availability. Evaluating the three alternative scenarios, it was concluded that the urban-rural partnership will ensure a balanced development in Latvian regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural-urban%20interaction" title="rural-urban interaction">rural-urban interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural-urban%20cooperation" title=" rural-urban cooperation"> rural-urban cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20development" title=" spatial development"> spatial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AHP" title=" AHP"> AHP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6852/rural-urban-partnership-for-balanced-spatial-development-in-latvia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17300</span> Analyzing the Perceived Relationship between Motivation and Satisfaction for Rural Tourists in a Digital World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Tsephe">N. P. Tsephe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Eyono%20Obono"> S. D. Eyono Obono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural tourism is usually associated with rural development because it has strong linkages to rural resources; but it remains underdeveloped compared to urban tourism. This underdevelopment of rural tourism serves as a motivation for this study whose aim is to examine the factors affecting the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists. The objectives of this study are: to identify and design theories and models on rural tourism satisfaction, and to empirically validate these models and theories through a survey of tourists from the Malealea Lodge which is located in the Mafeteng District, in the Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. Data generated by the collection of questionnaires used by this survey was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and correlations in SPSS after checking the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire. The main hypothesis behind this study is the relationship between the demographics of rural tourists, the motivation, and their satisfaction of tourists, as supported by existing literature; except that motivation is measured in this study according to three dimensions: push factors, pull factors, and perceived usefulness of ICT's in the rural tourism experience. Findings from this study indicate that among the demographics factors, continent of origin and marital status influence the satisfaction of rural tourists; and their occupation affects their perceptions on the use of ICT's in rural tourism. Moreover, only pull factors were found to influence the satisfaction of rural tourists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20world" title="digital world">digital world</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20tourism" title=" rural tourism"> rural tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14981/analyzing-the-perceived-relationship-between-motivation-and-satisfaction-for-rural-tourists-in-a-digital-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17299</span> The Role of China’s Rural Policies on the Changing the Rural Area in China: Changfu Village(China) Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Lulin">Zheng Lulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiong%20Guoping"> Xiong Guoping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, agriculture, rural development, and peasants are among the top concerns and priorities of the Chinese Government. Several related issues have been paid many attentions by academic communities, including the impacts of corresponding policies on the rural villages, the mechanisms of these impacts, and the future development of rural society. However, most of the researchers focus on single rural policy instead of integral rural policy system. Hence, this dissertation focused on the mechanisms of policies’ influence on rural changes through a case study from Changfu Village in central Guangxi Province, China, to propose the optimized suggestions for rural development. Forty-three relevant pivotal policies of significant influence on rural development are summarized from literature and documents, covering five aspects of agricultural production, rural living security, open rural markets, rural household registration systems, and farmland transferring. Besides, having been live in this area for more than 20 years, researchers obtain the basic information about changing the social connection between citizens and villagers, the habitat of villagers by years of informal interviews. Furthermore, more than 200 questionnaires are given to villagers to analyze the changing of their personal and family information. The summary of rural policies revealed that the development trend of public rural policies followed the U-shape curve and these policies are characterized by economic intentions and operative economy. Report of questionnaires and interviews show that the development of rural economy was promoted greatly by public policies. Firstly, Social communication and rural culture were affected to a certain extent. Secondly, the educational level of rural individuals was significantly enhanced, whereas the quality of population had limited progress. Finally, the freedom of occupational choice for rural individuals into cities was greater than before, but still restricted by the class solidification of social background, resulting in more obstacles for rural individuals to settle down in cities. From what we discuss about, we may reach the conclusion on several perspectives: Firstly, the impact of the rural policies has a significant role in promoting the economy development of the rural area. However, separations between rural and urban area are still a major problem since rural policy contributed little to improve the rural population quality. Therefore, in the future, providing high quality educational facilities including teachers, libraries, and opportunities of broadening their knowledge base are key issues of future rural policy. Secondly, the development of rural economy would be a lack of driving force for further improvement owning to the fact that working hard couldn’t get more improvement. In the future, public policies should support the rural development of culture, technology, and personal qualities to create favorable social environment for the free increase of rural population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=changing%20of%20rural%20area" title="changing of rural area">changing of rural area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development%20of%20China" title=" rural development of China"> rural development of China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20policy" title=" rural policy"> rural policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20environment" title=" social environment"> social environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33149/the-role-of-chinas-rural-policies-on-the-changing-the-rural-area-in-china-changfu-villagechina-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17298</span> Role of Urban-Rural Partnership in the Generation of Socio-Economic Success in Polish Metropolitan Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20Ba%C5%84ski">Jerzy Bański</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the paper is to describe the role of urban-rural partnership in social and economic development. The concept of urban-rural collaboration is relatively new and assumes the need to link large metropolitan areas with surrounding rural areas in a number of ways. It is strongly related to the existing concept of polycentric spatial development. At the European Union level, the first document to address the need for urban-rural partnerships was the European Spatial Development Perspective from 1999. The paper focuses on factors that generate social and economic success on examples of several metropolitan territories in Poland (Warsaw, Poznan, Wroclaw, Krakow). A survey focused on rural communes made it possible to assess key success factors (location, social and economic, technological and organizational) that could be later used to determine the right course of action in the area of urban-rural cooperation, with the desired outcome being effective metropolitan area development. The main challenges to urban-rural partnership are issues associated with spatial planning, infrastructure and public services. These are areas of the greatest conflict of interest, too. Any analysis of urban-rural cooperation in metropolitan areas really needs to focus on the unique nature of this type of relationship. This includes issues such as commuting to work in the urban core and vice versa, complementarity of technical infrastructure, and joint strategic planning. Other forms of cooperation should focus on the tourist and recreational aspects of areas surrounding the urban core. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partnership" title="partnership">partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolitan%20areas" title=" metropolitan areas"> metropolitan areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poland" title=" Poland"> Poland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69345/role-of-urban-rural-partnership-in-the-generation-of-socio-economic-success-in-polish-metropolitan-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17297</span> Rural Tourism Planning from the Perspective of Development and Protection of the River and Regional Integration: Taking Nanliangdu Village as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yadi%20Xu">Yadi Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingping%20Luo"> Qingping Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, there is a great tendency that more and more villages in China are trying to increase income by development of tourism. 'Beautiful Rural Construction' provides an excellent opportunity for the development of tourism. In this context, development orientation, transportation routes, and tourism service facilities are analyzed under the perspective of existing landscape utilization and regional integration based on the development tourism industry of the Nanliangdu Village in Jingxing Town, Shijiazhuang Province as a research object. In the program, the biggest issue is the contradiction between the ecological development and protection of the river and the development of economy. How to deal with the relationship between protection and development is the key to the design of this case. Furthermore, the streets and courtyard space, existing buildings, public environment, specific landscape of the ancient village with a history of thousands of years have strong regional characteristics. The article is actively exploring for suggestions and countermeasures to promote the development premised on protection and based on a regional view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20tourism" title=" rural tourism"> rural tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84751/rural-tourism-planning-from-the-perspective-of-development-and-protection-of-the-river-and-regional-integration-taking-nanliangdu-village-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17296</span> Agricultural Extension Education for Female: A Tool for Sustainable Rural Development in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahanzaib">Jahanzaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rural economy can be uplifted through agricultural extension education for female as the majority is uneducated. The present study was carried out in five districts (Bahawalpur, Lodhran, Raheem Yar Khan, Bahawalnagr, and Vehari) of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The ten females were selected from each district, poor economic background for agricultural training. The training was provided free of cost, through Punjab skills development program. After six month training, the trainees were awarded with certificates and a tool kit. After completion of training data was recorded and analyzed, the results indicate that, female trainees were in a better economic position than the females of nearby districts without training. From this study, we can conclude that agricultural education for female can not only improve the economy of the individual family but also improve the agriculture of Pakistan on the sustainable basis as the majority of workers are female in rural areas of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20extension%20education" title="agricultural extension education">agricultural extension education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20rural%20development" title=" sustainable rural development"> sustainable rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development%20in%20Pakistan" title=" rural development in Pakistan"> rural development in Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93168/agricultural-extension-education-for-female-a-tool-for-sustainable-rural-development-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17295</span> Rural Development as a Strategy to Deter Migration in India - Re-Examining the Ideology of Cluster Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandini%20Mohan">Nandini Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiruvengadam%20R.%20B."> Thiruvengadam R. B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mahatma Gandhi advocated that the true indicator of modern India lay in the development of its villages. This has been proven with the recent outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic and the surfacing predicament of our urban centers. Developed on the Industrialization model, the current state of the metropolis is of rampant overcrowding, high rates of unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, and resources to cater to the growing population. A majority of each city’s strength composes of the migrant population, demonstrated through the migrant crisis, a direct repercussion of COVID-19. This paper explores the ideology of how rural development can act as a tactic to counter the high rates of rural-urban migration. It establishes the need for a rural push, as India is predominantly an agrarian economy, with a vast disparity between the urban and rural centers due to its urban bias. It seeks to define development in holistic terms. It studies the models of ‘cluster’ as conceptualized by V.K.R.V. Rao, and detailed by Architect Charles Correa in his book, The New Landscape. The paper reexamines the theory of cluster development through existing models proposed by the government of India. Namely, PURA (Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas), DRI (Deendayal Research Institute), and Rurban under Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission. It analyses the models, their strengths, weaknesses, and reasons for their failure and success to derive parameters for the ideation of an archetype model. A model of rural development that talks of the simultaneous development of existing adjacent villages, by the introduction of set unique functions, that may turn into self-sustaining clusters or agglomerations in the future, which could serve as the next step for Indian village development based on the cluster ideology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter%20migration" title="counter migration">counter migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models%20of%20rural%20development" title=" models of rural development"> models of rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20development%20theory" title=" cluster development theory"> cluster development theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157272/rural-development-as-a-strategy-to-deter-migration-in-india-re-examining-the-ideology-of-cluster-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17294</span> Rural Tourism Planning from the Perspective of Water Resource Protection and Regional Integration: Taking Villages along Tongji Lake as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pianpian%20Zhang">Pianpian Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingping%20Luo"> Qingping Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, there is a great tendency that more and more villages in China are trying to increase income by development of tourism. Especially in Zhejiang Province, &#39;Beautiful Rural Construction&#39; provides an excellent opportunity for the development of tourism. In this context, development orientation, transportation routes and tourism service facilities are analyzed under the perspective of water resources protection and regional integration based on the development tourism industry of the six villages in Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province as a research object. In the program, the biggest issue is the contradiction between the ecological protection of the water and the development of economy. How to deal with the relationship between protection and development is the key to the design of this case. Furthermore, the six villages are regarded as a whole, connecting to each other by the system of five-path and the landscape along the lake. Every village has its own features, but cannot develop without one another. The article is actively exploring for suggestions and countermeasures to promote the development premised on protection and based on a regional view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20tourism" title=" rural tourism"> rural tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67148/rural-tourism-planning-from-the-perspective-of-water-resource-protection-and-regional-integration-taking-villages-along-tongji-lake-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17293</span> Investigating the Role of Clam Festival for Destination Branding: A Case Study of Tainan Cigu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Lie%20Pin">Lim Lie Pin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Hui%20Wen"> Lin Hui Wen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural tourism has become popular in Taiwan, the villages based on agriculture including fishery have to follow the trend to develop the local economy and achieve the sustainable development of the rural areas. Through cultural festivals, the tourist could experience the benefit while promoting and stimulating the local development of rural tourism. Cigu is famous for salt history and abundant natural resources, such as lagoon, black-faced spoonbills and other fishery products. Digging clam has become the most special parent-child activities in Tainan and increasing awareness since it was initiated. Therefore, festival organizers and regional destination marketers need to identify visitors’ experiences attributes which lead to opportunities for industry professionals, community involvement to plan and organize regional festivals and their programmes for effective destination branding finding out more potential rural resources encouraging the local industry growth and sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20tourism" title="rural tourism">rural tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20festival" title=" cultural festival"> cultural festival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20branding" title=" destination branding"> destination branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20experience" title=" tourist experience"> tourist experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15669/investigating-the-role-of-clam-festival-for-destination-branding-a-case-study-of-tainan-cigu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17292</span> Possibility of Agritourism Development for Sustainable Rural Development in Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasansha%20Kumari">Prasansha Kumari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agritourism is a growing industry in many parts of the world. At present, agritourism is promoted by most of the countries in the world aiming at sustainable rural development. This study intends to identify and analyze the potential for agritourism development in Sri Lanka with special reference to five farming areas in Kegalle district. SWOT analysis used to identify the possibility of agritourism in this areas. The study rival that there are several opportunities to the development of agritourism while identified the main threat and weakness for developing agritourism in the study areas. The opportunities related to a number of tourist attraction places and increase the demand for agritourism. The main problems related to infrastructure facilities, large farming lands, knowledge and skill of farmers, government support, credits and financial assistance, attitude of young generation and environmental impact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agritourism" title="agritourism">agritourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20rural%20development" title=" sustainable rural development"> sustainable rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farming" title=" farming"> farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51678/possibility-of-agritourism-development-for-sustainable-rural-development-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development&amp;page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development&amp;page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development&amp;page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development&amp;page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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