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<span>Details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Application</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EPROM_generations,_sizes_and_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EPROM_generations,_sizes_and_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>EPROM generations, sizes and types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EPROM_generations,_sizes_and_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">EPROM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AD" title="ذاكرة القراءة فقط القابلة للبرمجة والمسح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذاكرة القراءة فقط القابلة للبرمجة والمسح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasable_Programmable_Read-Only_Memory" title="Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_EPROM" title="Memoria EPROM – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memoria EPROM" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasable_Progammable_Read_Only_Memory" title="Erasable Progammable Read Only Memory – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erasable Progammable Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئی‌پی‌رام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ئی‌پی‌رام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasable_Programmable_Read-Only_Memory" title="Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasable_programmable_read-only_memory" title="Erasable programmable read-only memory – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Erasable programmable read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4%E5%8F%AF%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%AA%E8%AF%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="可擦除可编程式只读存储器 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="可擦除可编程式只读存储器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="EPROM" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="可擦除可規劃式唯讀記憶體 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可擦除可規劃式唯讀記憶體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q378210#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/4Mbit_EPROM_Texas_Instruments_TMS27C040_%281%29.jpg/330px-4Mbit_EPROM_Texas_Instruments_TMS27C040_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/4Mbit_EPROM_Texas_Instruments_TMS27C040_%281%29.jpg/440px-4Mbit_EPROM_Texas_Instruments_TMS27C040_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption>An EPROM: the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> TMS27C040, a CMOS chip with 4 megabits of storage and 8-bit output (shown here in a 600-mil ceramic dual-in-line package). The TMS27C040 operates at 5 volts, but must be programmed at 13 volts.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">Computer memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">data storage</a> types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_cell_(computing)" title="Memory cell (computing)">Memory cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_coherence" title="Memory coherence">Memory coherence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_coherence" title="Cache coherence">Cache coherence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_hierarchy" title="Memory hierarchy">Memory hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_access_pattern" title="Memory access pattern">Memory access pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_map" title="Memory map">Memory map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Secondary_storage" title="Computer data storage">Secondary storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_memory" title="Semiconductor memory">MOS memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floating-gate_MOSFET" title="Floating-gate MOSFET">floating-gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_availability" title="Continuous availability">Continuous availability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areal_density_(computer_storage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Areal density (computer storage)">Areal density (computer storage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">Block (data storage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_storage" title="Object storage">Object storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-attached_storage" title="Direct-attached storage">Direct-attached storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">Network-attached storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">Storage area network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block-level_storage" title="Block-level storage">Block-level storage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-instance_storage" title="Single-instance storage">Single-instance storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_model" title="Data model">Structured data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstructured_data" title="Unstructured data">Unstructured data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_data" title="Big data">Big data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_corruption" title="Data corruption">Data corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_cleansing" title="Data cleansing">Data cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_degradation" title="Data degradation">Data degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_integrity" title="Data integrity">Data integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_security" title="Data security">Data security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_validation" title="Data validation">Data validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_validation_and_reconciliation" title="Data validation and reconciliation">Data validation and reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_recovery" title="Data recovery">Data recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Data cluster">Data cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_(computing)" title="Directory (computing)">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Shared resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system" title="Clustered file system">Clustered file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system#Distributed_file_systems" title="Clustered file system">Distributed file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">Distributed data store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_database" title="Distributed database">Distributed database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_bank" title="Data bank">Data bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_storage" title="Data storage">Data storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_store" title="Data store">Data store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_structure" title="Data structure">Data structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_redundancy" title="Data redundancy">Data redundancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replication_(computing)" title="Replication (computing)">Replication (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_refresh" title="Memory refresh">Memory refresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_record" title="Storage record">Storage record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_repository" title="Information repository">Information repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">Knowledge base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">Computer file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_file" title="Object file">Object file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_deletion" title="File deletion">File deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_copying" title="File copying">File copying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup" title="Backup">Backup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_dump" title="Core dump">Core dump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_dump" title="Hex dump">Hex dump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_transfer" title="Information transfer">Information transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_file" title="Temporary file">Temporary file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(computing)" title="Volume (computing)">Volume (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_sector" title="Boot sector">Boot sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_boot_record" title="Master boot record">Master boot record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_boot_record" title="Volume boot record">Volume boot record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_array" title="Disk array">Disk array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_image" title="Disk image">Disk image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_mirroring" title="Disk mirroring">Disk mirroring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_aggregation" title="Disk aggregation">Disk aggregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Disk partitioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_segmentation" title="Memory segmentation">Memory segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locality_of_reference" title="Locality of reference">Locality of reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_disk" title="Logical disk">Logical disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_virtualization" title="Storage virtualization">Storage virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory-mapped_file" title="Memory-mapped file">Memory-mapped file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_entropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Software entropy">Software entropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_rot" title="Software rot">Software rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-memory_database" title="In-memory database">In-memory database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-memory_processing" title="In-memory processing">In-memory processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistence_(computer_science)" title="Persistence (computer science)">Persistence (computer science)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_data_structure" title="Persistent data structure">Persistent data structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-RAID_drive_architectures" title="Non-RAID drive architectures">Non-RAID drive architectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">Bank switching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">Grid computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_computing" title="Fog computing">Fog computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_computing" title="Edge computing">Edge computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law" title="Amdahl's law">Amdahl's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kryder#Kryder's_law_projection" title="Mark Kryder">Kryder's law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Volatile_memory" title="Volatile memory">Volatile</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)#HARDWARE" title="Cache (computing)">Hardware cache</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPU_cache" title="CPU cache">CPU cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratchpad_memory" title="Scratchpad memory">Scratchpad memory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDRAM" title="EDRAM">eDRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Synchronous dynamic random-access memory">SDRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory#Synchronous_Graphics_RAM_(SGRAM)" title="Synchronous dynamic random-access memory">SGRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPDDR" title="LPDDR">LPDDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Data_Rate_SRAM" title="Quad Data Rate SRAM">QDRSRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory#Extended_data_out_DRAM" title="Dynamic random-access memory">EDO DRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDR_DRAM" title="XDR DRAM">XDR DRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDRAM" title="RDRAM">RDRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM">DDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GDDR_SDRAM" title="GDDR SDRAM">GDDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Bandwidth_Memory" title="High Bandwidth Memory">HBM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1T-SRAM" title="1T-SRAM">1T-SRAM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistive_random-access_memory" title="Resistive random-access memory">ReRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_memory" title="Quantum memory">QRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content-addressable_memory" title="Content-addressable memory">Content-addressable memory</a> (CAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_RAM" title="Computational RAM">Computational RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_random_access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Video random access memory">VRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-ported_RAM" title="Dual-ported RAM">Dual-ported RAM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_RAM_(dual-ported_DRAM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)">Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Historical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Williams_tube" title="Williams tube">Williams–Kilburn tube</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delay-line_memory" title="Delay-line memory">Delay-line memory</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellon_optical_memory" title="Mellon optical memory">Mellon optical memory</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectron_tube" title="Selectron tube">Selectron tube</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekatron" title="Dekatron">Dekatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-RAM" title="T-RAM">T-RAM</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-RAM" title="Z-RAM">Z-RAM</a> (2002–2010)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Non-volatile</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diode_matrix" title="Diode matrix">Diode matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory#Factory-programmed" title="Read-only memory">MROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_ROM" title="Programmable ROM">PROM</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Solid-state storage</a> (SSS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> is used in:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drive</a> (SSD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_hybrid_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-state hybrid drive">Solid-state hybrid drive</a> (SSHD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_FlashSystem" title="IBM FlashSystem">IBM FlashSystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Core_Module" title="Flash Core Module">Flash Core Module</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiMediaCard" title="MultiMediaCard">MultiMediaCard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartMedia" title="SmartMedia">SmartMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Flash_Storage" title="Universal Flash Storage">Universal Flash Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SxS" title="SxS">SxS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroP2" title="MicroP2">MicroP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQD_card" title="XQD card">XQD card</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">Programmable metallization cell</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_random-access_memory" title="Non-volatile random-access memory">NVRAM</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memistor" title="Memistor">Memistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase-change_memory" title="Phase-change memory">PCM</a> (<a href="/wiki/3D_XPoint" title="3D XPoint">3D XPoint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetoresistive_RAM" title="Magnetoresistive RAM">MRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_RAM" title="Electrochemical RAM">Electrochemical RAM</a> (ECRAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-RAM" title="Nano-RAM">Nano-RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">CBRAM</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early-stage <a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_random-access_memory" title="Non-volatile random-access memory">NVRAM</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferroelectric_RAM" title="Ferroelectric RAM">FeRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistive_random-access_memory" title="Resistive random-access memory">ReRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe_FET" title="Fe FET">FeFET memory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog recording</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruplex_videotape" title="Quadruplex videotape">Quadruplex videotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Electronic_Recording_Apparatus" title="Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus">Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic recording">Magnetic recording</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_storage" title="Magnetic storage">Magnetic storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_drive" title="Tape drive">Tape drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_library" title="Tape library">Tape library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">Digital Data Storage</a> (DDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">Videotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videocassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Videocassette">Videocassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">8 mm video format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDV" class="mw-redirect" title="MiniDV">MiniDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-VHS" title="S-VHS">S-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS-C" title="VHS-C">VHS-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Optical_storage" title="Optical storage">Optical</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_optical_data_storage" title="3D optical data storage">3D optical data storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Compact Disc Digital Audio</a> (CDDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CD Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">Video CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">Super Video CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_CD" title="Mini CD">Mini CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">Nintendo optical discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyper_CD-ROM" title="Hyper CD-ROM">Hyper CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recordable#DVD+R_and_DVD+RW_(DVD_"plus")" title="DVD recordable">DVD+R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_card" title="DVD card">DVD card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-RAM" title="DVD-RAM">DVD-RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDVD" title="MiniDVD">MiniDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_once_read_many" title="Write once read many">WORM</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">In development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">CBRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racetrack_memory" title="Racetrack memory">Racetrack memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-RAM" title="Nano-RAM">NRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millipede_memory" title="Millipede memory">Millipede memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_RAM" title="Electrochemical RAM">ECRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterned_media" title="Patterned media">Patterned media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_data_storage" title="Holographic data storage">Holographic data storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_quantum_holography" title="Electronic quantum holography">Electronic quantum holography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D_optical_data_storage" title="5D optical data storage">5D optical data storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_digital_data_storage" title="DNA digital data storage">DNA digital data storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_memory" title="Universal memory">Universal memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_crystal" title="Time crystal">Time crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_memory" title="Quantum memory">Quantum memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UltraRAM" title="UltraRAM">UltraRAM</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Historical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_data_storage" title="Paper data storage">Paper data storage</a> (1725)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a> (1725)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_tape" title="Punched tape">Punched tape</a> (1725)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugboard" title="Plugboard">Plugboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_memory" title="Drum memory">Drum memory</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-core_memory" title="Magnetic-core memory">Magnetic-core memory</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plated-wire_memory" title="Plated-wire memory">Plated-wire memory</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_rope_memory" title="Core rope memory">Core rope memory</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin-film_memory" title="Thin-film memory">Thin-film memory</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_pack" title="Disk pack">Disk pack</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twistor_memory" title="Twistor memory">Twistor memory</a> (~1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_memory" title="Bubble memory">Bubble memory</a> (~1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a> (1971)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Memory_types" title="Template:Memory types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Memory_types" title="Template talk:Memory types"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Memory_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Memory types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Early type of solid state computer memory</div> <p>An <b>EPROM</b> (rarely <b>EROM</b>), or <b>erasable programmable read-only memory</b>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Programmable_read-only_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmable read-only memory">programmable read-only memory</a> (PROM) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">chip</a> that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called <a href="/wiki/Non-volatile" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-volatile">non-volatile</a>. It is an array of <a href="/wiki/Floating-gate_transistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-gate transistor">floating-gate transistors</a> individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies higher voltages than those normally used in digital circuits. Once programmed, an EPROM can be erased by exposing it to strong <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> (UV) light source (such as from a <a href="/wiki/Mercury-vapor_lamp" title="Mercury-vapor lamp">mercury-vapor lamp</a>). EPROMs are easily recognizable by the transparent <a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">fused quartz</a> (or on later models' resin) window on the top of the package, through which the <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> chip is visible, and which permits exposure to ultraviolet light during erasing.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was invented by <a href="/wiki/Dov_Frohman" title="Dov Frohman">Dov Frohman</a> in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhistory1971-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg/250px-EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg/375px-EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg/500px-EPROM_Intel_C1702A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>An Intel 1702A EPROM, one of the earliest EPROM types (1971), 256 by 8 bit. The small quartz window admits UV light for erasure.</figcaption></figure> <p>Development of the EPROM <a href="/wiki/Memory_cell_(computing)" title="Memory cell (computing)">memory cell</a> started with investigation of faulty integrated circuits where the gate connections of transistors had broken. Stored charge on these isolated gates changes their <a href="/wiki/Threshold_voltage" title="Threshold voltage">threshold voltage</a>. </p><p>In 1957, Frosch and Derick were able to manufacture the first <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">field effect transistors</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, the first transistors in which drain and source were adjacent at the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the invention of the <a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a> at Bell Labs, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wanlass" title="Frank Wanlass">Frank Wanlass</a> studied MOSFET structures in the early 1960s. In 1963, he noted the movement of charge through <a href="/wiki/Gate_oxide" title="Gate oxide">oxide</a> onto a <a href="/wiki/Metal_gate" title="Metal gate">gate</a>. While he did not pursue it, this idea would later become the basis for EPROM technology.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, <a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Min_Sze" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Min Sze">Simon Min Sze</a> at Bell Labs proposed that the <a href="/wiki/Floating_gate_MOSFET" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating gate MOSFET">floating gate of a MOSFET</a> could be used for the cell of a reprogrammable <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> (read-only memory).<sup id="cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhistory1971-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building on this concept, <a href="/wiki/Dov_Frohman" title="Dov Frohman">Dov Frohman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> invented EPROM in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhistory1971-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was awarded <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3660819">U.S. patent 3,660,819</a></span> in 1972. Frohman designed the Intel 1702, a 2048-bit EPROM, which was announced by Intel in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhistory1971-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each storage location of an EPROM consists of a single <a href="/wiki/Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">field-effect transistor</a>. Each field-effect transistor consists of a channel in the semiconductor body of the device. Source and drain contacts are made to regions at the end of the channel. An insulating layer of oxide is grown over the channel, then a conductive (silicon or aluminum) gate electrode is deposited, and a further thick layer of oxide is deposited over the gate electrode. The <a href="/wiki/Floating-gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-gate">floating-gate</a> electrode has no connections to other parts of the integrated circuit and is completely insulated by the surrounding layers of oxide. A control gate electrode is deposited and further oxide covers it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESah1991639_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESah1991639-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To retrieve data from the EPROM, the address represented by the values at the address pins of the EPROM is decoded and used to connect one word (usually an 8-bit byte) of storage to the output buffer <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifiers</a>. Each bit of the word is a 1 or 0, depending on the storage transistor being switched on or off, conducting or non-conducting. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Floating_gate_transistor.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Floating_gate_transistor.png/220px-Floating_gate_transistor.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Floating_gate_transistor.png 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="123" /></a><figcaption>A cross-section of a floating-gate transistor</figcaption></figure> <p>The switching state of the field-effect transistor is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> on the control gate of the transistor. Presence of a voltage on this gate creates a conductive channel in the transistor, switching it on. In effect, the stored charge on the floating gate allows the threshold voltage of the transistor to be programmed. </p><p>Storing data in the memory requires selecting a given address and applying a higher voltage to the transistors. This creates an avalanche discharge of electrons, which have enough energy to pass through the insulating oxide layer and accumulate on the gate electrode. When the high voltage is removed, the electrons are trapped on the electrode.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the high insulation value of the silicon oxide surrounding the gate, the stored charge cannot readily leak away and the data can be retained for decades. </p><p>The programming process is not electrically reversible. To erase the data stored in the array of transistors, ultraviolet light is directed onto the <a href="/wiki/Die_(integrated_circuit)" title="Die (integrated circuit)">die</a>. Photons of the UV light cause ionization within the silicon oxide, which allows the stored charge on the floating gate to dissipate. Since the whole memory array is exposed, all the memory is erased at the same time. The process takes several minutes for UV lamps of convenient sizes; sunlight would erase a chip in weeks, and indoor <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">fluorescent lighting</a> over several years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, the EPROMs must be removed from equipment to be erased, since it is not usually practical to build in a UV lamp to erase parts in-circuit. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) was developed to provide an electrical erase function and has now mostly displaced ultraviolet-erased parts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Neuhaus,_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dr._Neuhaus%2C_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg/170px-Dr._Neuhaus%2C_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dr._Neuhaus%2C_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg/255px-Dr._Neuhaus%2C_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dr._Neuhaus%2C_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg/340px-Dr._Neuhaus%2C_Smarty_28.8_TI_-_Atmel_AT27C010-9401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="4868" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atmel" title="Atmel">Atmel</a> AT27C010 - an OTP EPROM</figcaption></figure> <p>As the quartz window is expensive to make, OTP (one-time programmable) chips were introduced; here, the die is mounted in an opaque package so it cannot be erased after programming – this also eliminates the need to test the erase function, further reducing cost. OTP versions of both EPROMs and EPROM-based microcontrollers are manufactured. However, OTP EPROM (whether separate or part of a larger chip) is being increasingly replaced by <a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a> for small sizes, where the cell cost isn't too important, and <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash</a> for larger sizes. </p><p>A programmed EPROM retains its data for a minimum of ten to twenty years,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many still retaining data after 35 or more years, and can be read an unlimited number of times without affecting the lifetime. The erasing window must be kept covered with an opaque label to prevent accidental erasure by the UV found in sunlight or camera flashes. Old PC <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> chips were often EPROMs, and the erasing window was often covered with an adhesive label containing the BIOS publisher's name, the <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> revision, and a copyright notice. Often this label was foil-backed to ensure its opacity to UV. </p><p>Erasure of the EPROM begins to occur with wavelengths shorter than 400 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a>. Exposure time for sunlight of one week or three years for room fluorescent lighting may cause erasure. The recommended erasure procedure is exposure to UV light at 253.7 nm of at least 15 Ws/cm<sup>2</sup>, usually achieved in 20 to 30 minutes with the lamp at a distance of about 2.5 cm.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erasure can also be accomplished with <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Erasure, however, has to be accomplished by non-electrical methods, since the gate electrode is not accessible electrically. Shining ultraviolet light on any part of an unpackaged device causes a photocurrent to flow from the floating gate back to the silicon substrate, thereby discharging the gate to its initial, uncharged condition (<a href="/wiki/Photoelectric_effect" title="Photoelectric effect">photoelectric effect</a>). This method of erasure allows complete testing and correction of a complex memory array before the package is finally sealed. Once the package is sealed, information can still be erased by exposing it to X radiation in excess of 5*10<sup>4</sup> <a href="/wiki/Rad_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rad (unit)">rads</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a dose which is easily attained with commercial X-ray generators.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> In other words, to erase your EPROM, you would first have to X-ray it and then put it in an oven at about 600 degrees Celsius (to anneal semiconductor alterations caused by the X-rays). The effects of this process on the reliability of the part would have required extensive testing so they decided on the window instead.<sup id="cite_ref-jmargolin_com-eprom_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmargolin_com-eprom-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>EPROMs have a limited but large number of erase cycles; the silicon dioxide around the gates accumulates damage from each cycle, making the chip unreliable after several thousand cycles. EPROM programming is slow compared to other forms of memory. Because higher-density parts have little exposed oxide between the layers of interconnects and gate, ultraviolet erasing becomes less practical for very large memories. Even dust inside the package can prevent some cells from being erased.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESah1991640_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESah1991640-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application">Application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For large volumes of parts (thousands of pieces or more), <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory#Solid-state_ROM" title="Read-only memory">mask-programmed ROMs</a> are the lowest cost devices to produce. However, these require many weeks lead time to make, since the artwork or design in an IC mask layer or photomask must be altered to store data on the ROMs. Initially, it was thought that the EPROM would be too expensive for mass production use and that it would be confined to development only. It was soon found that small-volume production was economical with EPROM parts, particularly when the advantage of rapid upgrades of firmware was considered. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Microcontrollers" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcontrollers">microcontrollers</a>, from before the era of <a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROMs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>, use an on-chip EPROM to store their program. Such microcontrollers include some versions of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8048" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 8048">Intel 8048</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Freescale_68HC11" class="mw-redirect" title="Freescale 68HC11">Freescale 68HC11</a>, and the "C" versions of the <a href="/wiki/PIC_microcontroller" class="mw-redirect" title="PIC microcontroller">PIC microcontroller</a>. Like EPROM chips, such microcontrollers came in windowed (expensive) versions that were used for debugging and program development. The same chip came in (somewhat cheaper) opaque OTP packages for production. Leaving the die of such a chip exposed to light can also change behavior in unexpected ways when moving from a windowed part used for development to a non-windowed part for production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EPROM_generations,_sizes_and_types"><span id="EPROM_generations.2C_sizes_and_types"></span>EPROM generations, sizes and types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: EPROM generations, sizes and types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first generation 1702 devices were fabricated with the <a href="/wiki/PMOS_logic" title="PMOS logic">p-MOS</a> technology. They were powered with V<sub>CC</sub> = V<sub>BB</sub> = +5 V and V<sub>DD</sub> = V<sub>GG</sub> = -9 V in Read mode, and with V<sub>DD</sub> = V<sub>GG</sub> = -47 V in Programming mode.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second generation 2704/2708 devices switched to <a href="/wiki/NMOS_logic" title="NMOS logic">n-MOS</a> technology and to three-rail V<sub>CC</sub> = +5 V, V<sub>BB</sub> = -5 V, V<sub>DD</sub> = +12 V power supply with V<sub>PP</sub> = 12 V and a +25 V pulse in Programming mode. </p><p>The n-MOS technology evolution introduced single-rail V<sub>CC</sub> = +5 V power supply and single V<sub>PP</sub> = +25 V<sup id="cite_ref-I2716_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I2716-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> programming voltage without pulse in the third generation. The unneeded V<sub>BB</sub> and V<sub>DD</sub> pins were reused for additional address bits allowing larger capacities (2716/2732) in the same 24-pin package, and even larger capacities with larger packages. Later the decreased cost of the <a href="/wiki/CMOS_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="CMOS logic">CMOS</a> technology allowed the same devices to be fabricated using it, adding the letter "C" to the device numbers (27xx(x) are n-MOS and 27Cxx(x) are CMOS). </p><p>While parts of the same size from different manufacturers are compatible in read mode, different manufacturers added different and sometimes multiple programming modes leading to subtle differences in the programming process. This prompted larger capacity devices to introduce a "signature mode", allowing the manufacturer and device to be identified by the EPROM programmer. It was implemented by forcing +12 V on pin A9 and reading out two bytes of data. However, as this was not universal, programmer software also would allow manual setting of the manufacturer and device type of the chip to ensure proper programming.<sup id="cite_ref-Silicon_Signature_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silicon_Signature-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>EPROM Type</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Size — <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a></th> <th>Size — <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a></th> <th>Length (<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hex</a>)</th> <th>Last address (<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hex</a>)</th> <th>Technology </th></tr> <tr> <td>1702, 1702A</td> <td>1971</td> <td>2 <a href="/wiki/Kilobit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilobit">Kbit</a></td> <td>256</td> <td>100</td> <td>FF</td> <td>PMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>2704</td> <td>1975</td> <td>4 Kbit</td> <td>512</td> <td>200</td> <td>1FF</td> <td>NMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>2708</td> <td>1975</td> <td>8 Kbit</td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a></td> <td>400</td> <td>3FF</td> <td>NMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>2716, 27C16, TMS2716, 2516</td> <td>1977</td> <td>16 Kbit</td> <td>2 KB</td> <td>800</td> <td>7FF</td> <td>NMOS/CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>2732, 27C32, 2532</td> <td>1979</td> <td>32 Kbit</td> <td>4 KB</td> <td>1000</td> <td>FFF</td> <td>NMOS/CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>2764, 27C64, 2564</td> <td></td> <td>64 Kbit</td> <td>8 KB</td> <td>2000</td> <td>1FFF</td> <td>NMOS/CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27128, 27C128</td> <td></td> <td>128 Kbit</td> <td>16 KB</td> <td>4000</td> <td>3FFF</td> <td>NMOS/CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27256, 27C256</td> <td></td> <td>256 Kbit</td> <td>32 KB</td> <td>8000</td> <td>7FFF</td> <td>NMOS/CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27512, 27C512</td> <td></td> <td>512 Kbit</td> <td>64 KB</td> <td>10000</td> <td>FFFF</td> <td>NMOS/CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27C010, 27C100</td> <td></td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Megabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabit">Mbit</a></td> <td>128 KB</td> <td>20000</td> <td>1FFFF</td> <td>CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27C020</td> <td></td> <td>2 Mbit</td> <td>256 KB</td> <td>40000</td> <td>3FFFF</td> <td>CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27C040, 27C400, 27C4001</td> <td></td> <td>4 Mbit</td> <td>512 KB</td> <td>80000</td> <td>7FFFF</td> <td>CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27C080</td> <td></td> <td>8 Mbit</td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a></td> <td>100000</td> <td>FFFFF</td> <td>CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27C160</td> <td></td> <td>16 Mbit</td> <td>2 MB</td> <td>200000</td> <td>1FFFFF</td> <td>CMOS </td></tr> <tr> <td>27C320, 27C322</td> <td></td> <td>32 Mbit</td> <td>4 MB</td> <td>400000</td> <td>3FFFFF</td> <td>CMOS </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K573RF1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="EEPROM 8kbit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/K573RF1.jpg/220px-K573RF1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/K573RF1.jpg/330px-K573RF1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/K573RF1.jpg/440px-K573RF1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>K573RF1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K573RF1_(16).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/K573RF1_%2816%29.jpg/220px-K573RF1_%2816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/K573RF1_%2816%29.jpg/330px-K573RF1_%2816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/K573RF1_%2816%29.jpg/440px-K573RF1_%2816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>EPROM 8kbit - detail of 4 bits</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_(2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 32 KB (256 Kbit) EPROM.  The -12 suffix indicates this device has a 120 nanosecond access time."><img alt="A 32 KB (256 Kbit) EPROM.  The -12 suffix indicates this device has a 120 nanosecond access time." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_%282006%29.jpg/87px-ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_%282006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_%282006%29.jpg/130px-ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_%282006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_%282006%29.jpg/174px-ST_Microelectronics_M27C256B_%282006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 32 KB (256 Kbit) EPROM.  The <code>-12</code> suffix indicates this device has a 120 nanosecond access time.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEC_D8749HD.png" class="mw-file-description" title="This 8749 Microcontroller stores its program in internal EPROM."><img alt="This 8749 Microcontroller stores its program in internal EPROM." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NEC_D8749HD.png/120px-NEC_D8749HD.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NEC_D8749HD.png/180px-NEC_D8749HD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NEC_D8749HD.png/240px-NEC_D8749HD.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This <a href="/wiki/Intel_8048" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 8048">8749</a> <a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a> stores its program in internal EPROM.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="NEC 02716, 16 KBit EPROM"><img alt="NEC 02716, 16 KBit EPROM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg/120px-Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg/180px-Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg/240px-Nec_02716_EPROM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5488" data-file-height="3662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">NEC 02716, 16 KBit EPROM</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_ROM" title="Programmable ROM">Programmable ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_HEX" title="Intel HEX">Intel HEX</a> - File format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SREC_(file_format)" title="SREC (file format)">SREC</a> - File format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmer_(hardware)" title="Programmer (hardware)">Programmer (hardware)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 500 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a>/kg</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTexas_Instruments1997" class="citation cs2">Texas Instruments (1997), <i>TMS27C040 524,288 BY 8-BIT UV ERASABLE TMS27PC040 524,288 BY 8-BIT PROGRAMMABLE READ-ONLY MEMORY</i></cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cpushack.com&rft.atitle=CPU+History+-+EPROMs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpushack.com%2FEPROM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPROM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-computerhistory1971-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-computerhistory1971_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/reusable-semiconductor-rom-introduced/">"1971: Reusable semiconductor ROM introduced"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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J.; Derick, L (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2428650">"Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon"</a>. <i>Journal of the Electrochemical Society</i>. <b>104</b> (9): 547. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1149%2F1.2428650">10.1149/1.2428650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Surface+Protection+and+Selective+Masking+during+Diffusion+in+Silicon&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=547&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1149%2F1.2428650&rft.aulast=Frosch&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.au=Derick%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1149%2F1.2428650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPROM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/people/">"People"</a>. <i>The Silicon Engine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdf-file.ic37.com/PdfOld/icpdf_datasheet_8/AM170_datasheet_84155/137654/AM170_datasheet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMD+Am1702A+256-Word+by+8-Bit+Programmable+Read+Only+Memory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdf-file.ic37.com%2FPdfOld%2Ficpdf_datasheet_8%2FAM170_datasheet_84155%2F137654%2FAM170_datasheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPROM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I2716-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-I2716_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913213609/https://amigan.yatho.com/2716EPROM.pdf">"16K (2K x 8) UV ERASABLE PROM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>amigan.yatho.com</i>. Intel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amigan.yatho.com/2716EPROM.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amigan.yatho.com&rft.atitle=16K+%282K+x+8%29+UV+ERASABLE+PROM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famigan.yatho.com%2F2716EPROM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPROM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silicon_Signature-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silicon_Signature_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._International_Trade_Commission1998" class="citation book cs1">U.S. International Trade Commission, ed. (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fkd0fwh9N2UC&pg=PA51"><i>Certain EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory and Flash Microcontroller Semiconductor Devices and Products Containing Same, Inv. 337-TA-395</i></a>. Diane Publishing. pp. 51–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4289-5721-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4289-5721-9"><bdi>1-4289-5721-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Certain+EPROM%2C+EEPROM%2C+Flash+Memory+and+Flash+Microcontroller+Semiconductor+Devices+and+Products+Containing+Same%2C+Inv.+337-TA-395&rft.pages=51-72&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=1998-10&rft.isbn=1-4289-5721-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfkd0fwh9N2UC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPROM" class="Z3988"></span> The details of SEEQ's Silicon Signature method of a device programmer reading an EPROM's ID.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSah1991" class="citation cs2">Sah, Chih-Tang (1991), <i>Fundamentals of solid-state electronics</i>, World Scientific, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-02-0637-2" title="Special:BookSources/981-02-0637-2"><bdi>981-02-0637-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+solid-state+electronics&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=981-02-0637-2&rft.aulast=Sah&rft.aufirst=Chih-Tang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPROM" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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