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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_stories,_novelettes_and_novellas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_stories,_novelettes_and_novellas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Short stories, novelettes and novellas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_stories,_novelettes_and_novellas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Books-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Books subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-About_Hal_Clement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_Hal_Clement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>About Hal Clement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_Hal_Clement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_and_introductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_and_introductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Articles and introductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_and_introductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hal Clement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="هال كليمنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هال كليمنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="هل کلمنت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هل کلمنت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хал Клемънт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хал Клемънт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="هل کلمنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هل کلمنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%BC_%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%A8%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="핼 클레먼트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핼 클레먼트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98" title="האל קלמנט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האל קלמנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჰელ კლემენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰელ კლემენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hals_Klements" title="Hals Klements – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hals Klements" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA" title="هال كليمنت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هال كليمنت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="ハル・クレメント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハル・クレメント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хол Клемент – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хол Клемент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hal Clement" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Гол Клемент – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гол Клемент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q453329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American author and artist (1922–2003)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Hal Clement</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg/220px-14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg/330px-14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg/440px-14th_WSFS_008_-_Hal_Clement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Harry Clement Stubbs<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-05-30</span>)</span>May 30, 1922<sup id="cite_ref-rosetta_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosetta-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">October 29, 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-10-29)</span> (aged 81)<br /><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Massachusetts" title="Milton, Massachusetts">Milton, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">George Richard (as artist)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Novelist</li> <li>military pilot</li> <li>science teacher</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Education" title="Master of Education">MEd</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Simmons_University" title="Simmons University">Simmons College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1942–2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_of_Gravity" title="Mission of Gravity">Mission of Gravity</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncommon_Sense" title="Uncommon Sense">Uncommon Sense</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harry Clement Stubbs</b> (May 30, 1922 – October 29, 2003), better known by the <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> <b>Hal Clement</b>, was an <a href="/wiki/American_people" class="mw-redirect" title="American people">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> writer and a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">hard science fiction</a> subgenre. He also painted astronomically oriented artworks under the name <b>George Richard</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-long_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-long-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Clement was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sfhof-old_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfhof-old-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hof_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named the 17th <a href="/wiki/SFWA_Grand_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="SFWA Grand Master">SFWA Grand Master</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America">Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America</a> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-SFWA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFWA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Harry Clement Stubbs was born in <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a>, on May 30, 1922. </p><p>He went to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, graduating with a B.S. in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> in 1943. While there he wrote his first published story, "Proof", which appeared in the June 1942 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding Science Fiction</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell" title="John W. Campbell">John W. Campbell</a>; three more appeared in later 1942 numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His further educational background includes an M.Ed. (<a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> 1946) and M.S. in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simmons_College_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simmons College (Massachusetts)">Simmons College</a> 1963). </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Clement was a pilot and copilot of a <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> and flew 35 combat missions over Europe with the 68th Bomb Squadron, <a href="/wiki/44th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Operations Group">44th Bomb Group</a>, based in England with <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">8th Air Force</a>. After the war, he served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Reserve</a>, and retired with the rank of colonel. He taught chemistry and astronomy for many years at <a href="/wiki/Milton_Academy" title="Milton Academy">Milton Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Massachusetts" title="Milton, Massachusetts">Milton, Massachusetts</a>. </p><p>From 1949 to 1953, Clement's first three novels were two-, three-, and four-part <i>Astounding</i> serials under Campbell: <i><a href="/wiki/Needle_(novel)" title="Needle (novel)">Needle</a></i> (Doubleday, 1950), <i><a href="/wiki/Iceworld" title="Iceworld">Iceworld</a></i> (Gnome Press, 1953), and <i><a href="/wiki/Mission_of_Gravity" title="Mission of Gravity">Mission of Gravity</a></i> (1954), his best-known novel, published by Doubleday's Science Fiction Book Club (established 1953). The latter novel features a land and sea expedition across the <a href="/wiki/Supergiant_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergiant planet">superjovian</a> planet <a href="/wiki/Mesklin" title="Mesklin">Mesklin</a> to recover a stranded scientific probe. The natives of Mesklin are <a href="/wiki/Centipede" title="Centipede">centipede</a>-like intelligent beings about 50 centimeters long. Various episodes hinge on the fact that Mesklin's fast rotational speed causes it to be considerably deformed from the spherical, with effective surface gravity that varies from approximately 3 <i><a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force"><i>g</i></a></i><sub>n</sub> at the equator to approximately 700 <i>g</i><sub>n</sub> at the poles. </p><p>Clement's article "Whirligig World" describes his approach to writing a science fiction story: </p> <blockquote><p>Writing a science fiction story is fun, not work. ... the fun ... lies in treating the whole thing as a game.... [T]he rules must be quite simple. They are; for the reader of a science-fiction story, they consist of finding as many as possible of the author's statements or implications which conflict with the facts as science currently understands them. For the author, the rule is to make as few such slips as he possibly can... Certain exceptions are made [e.g., to allow travel faster than the speed of light], but fair play demands that all such matters be mentioned as early as possible in the story...</p></blockquote> <p>Clement was a frequent guest at science fiction conventions, especially in the eastern United States, where he usually presented talks and slide shows about writing and astronomy. </p><p>Clement died in his sleep in Massachusetts at the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Hospital">Milton Hospital</a> on October 29, 2003, at age 81.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clement has been honored several times for his cumulative contributions including 1998 Hall of Fame induction, when Clement and <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> were the fifth and sixth living persons<sup id="cite_ref-hof_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> honored, and the 1999 SFWA Grand Master Award.<sup id="cite_ref-sfhof-old_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfhof-old-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SFWA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFWA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the 1945 short story "<a href="/wiki/Uncommon_Sense" title="Uncommon Sense">Uncommon Sense</a>" he received a 50-year <a href="/wiki/Retro_Hugo_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Retro Hugo Award">Retro Hugo Award</a> at the 1996 <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Fiction_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="World Science Fiction Convention">World Science Fiction Convention</a>. <i>Mission of Gravity</i>, first published as a serial during 1953, was named best foreign novel by the Spanish Science Fiction Association in 1994 and it was a finalist for a 50-year Retro Hugo Award in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award#Hal_Clement_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Hal Clement Award for Young Adults for Excellence in Children's Science Fiction Literature</a> was presented in Clement's name from 1992 to 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Barlowe" title="Wayne Barlowe">Wayne Barlowe</a> illustrated two of Clement's fictional species, the Abyormenites and the Mesklinites, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Barlowe%27s_Guide_to_Extraterrestrials" title="Barlowe's Guide to Extraterrestrials">Barlowe's Guide to Extraterrestrials</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Short_stories,_novelettes_and_novellas"><span id="Short_stories.2C_novelettes_and_novellas"></span>Short stories, novelettes and novellas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Short stories, novelettes and novellas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_science_fiction_195702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Satellite_science_fiction_195702.jpg/220px-Satellite_science_fiction_195702.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Satellite_science_fiction_195702.jpg/330px-Satellite_science_fiction_195702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Satellite_science_fiction_195702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Editor <a href="/wiki/Sam_Merwin_Jr." title="Sam Merwin Jr.">Sam Merwin Jr.</a> added 10,000 words to Clement's novella "Planetfall" for its publication in the February 1957 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Science_Fiction" title="Satellite Science Fiction">Satellite Science Fiction</a></i> as "Planet for Plunder".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galaxy_196308.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Galaxy_196308.jpg/220px-Galaxy_196308.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Galaxy_196308.jpg/330px-Galaxy_196308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Galaxy_196308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Clement's short story "Hot Planet" took the cover of the August 1963 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy Science Fiction</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>"Proof" (June 1942). Short story. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding</a></i>. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Possible_Worlds_of_Science_Fiction" title="Possible Worlds of Science Fiction">Possible Worlds of Science Fiction</a></i> (1951), <i>SF: Author's Choice 2</i> (1970), <i>Where Do We Go From Here?</i> (1971), <i>The Great SF Stories 4 (1942)</i> (1980), <i>First Voyages</i> (1981), <i>The Golden Years of Science Fiction (Second Series)</i> (1983), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t160.htm#A9163">Encounters</a></i> (1988), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t562.htm#A28881">Ascent of Wonder</a></i> (1994) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr2003/t45.htm#A2125">Wondrous Beginnings</a></i> (2003).</li> <li><i>Impediment</i> (August 1942). Novelette. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>Natives of Space</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i> and <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li><i>Avenue of Escape</i> (November 1942). Published in <i>Astounding's</i> series Probability Zero. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"Attitude" (September 1943). Novella. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i> and <i>Travellers of Space</i> (1951).</li> <li>Technical Error" (January 1944). Novelette. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>Natives of Space</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i> and <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"Trojan Fall" (June 1944). Short story. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncommon_Sense" title="Uncommon Sense">Uncommon Sense</a>" (September 1945). His most famous short story. Part of the Laird Cunningham Series. <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for Best Short Story of 1945. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i>, <i>Intuit</i>, <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t32.htm#A693">The Old Masters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630190358/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/ISFAC/t32.htm#A693">Archived</a> 2015-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1970), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t159.htm#A3308">Out of This World 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150309004206/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t159.htm#A3308">Archived</a> 2015-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1973) and <i>Nebula Awards Showcase 2000</i> (2000).</li> <li>"Cold Front" (July 1946). Novelette. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>, <i>Men Against the Stars</i> (1950, 1956) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t291.htm#A16512">Astounding Stories: The 60th Anniversary Collection, Vol. 2</a></i> (1990).</li> <li><i>Assumption Unjustified</i> (October 1946). Novelette. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>Natives of Space</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t27.htm#A602">Crossroads in Time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819070855/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t27.htm#A602">Archived</a> 2014-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1953).</li> <li>"Answer" (April 1947). Short story. Published in <i>Astounding SF</i>. Collected in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i> and <i>Science Fiction Thinking Machines</i> (1954).</li> <li>"Fireproof" (March 1949). Short story. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i>Decade of the 1940s</i> (1975) and <i>Combat SF</i> (1981).</li> <li>"Halo" (October 1952). Novelette. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy</a></i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t78.htm#A1691">Shadow of Tomorrow</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311134236/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t78.htm#A1691">Archived</a> 2015-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1953).</li> <li>"Critical Factor" (1953). Short story not included in any of the Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t78.htm#A1695">Star Science Fiction Stories #2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311134236/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t78.htm#A1695">Archived</a> 2015-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1953). Collected in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?440905">Titan 4</a></i> (1977) and <i>The Road to Science Fiction #3: From Heinlein to here</i> (1979).</li> <li>"Ground" (December 1953). Short story not included in any of the Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Adventures_(1952_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Adventures (1952 magazine)">Science Fiction Adventures</a></i>.</li> <li>"Dust Rag" (September 1956). Short story. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding</a></i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i>, <i>Where Do We Go From Here?</i> (1971) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr2001/t36.htm#A1720">The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy</a></i> (2001).</li> <li>"Planet for Plunder" (February 1957). Published in <i>Satellite SF</i> jointly with Sam Merwin Jr. A previous version of "Planetfall". Collected in <i>Men of the Morning Star/Planet for Plunder</i>.</li> <li>"The Lunar Lichen" (February 1960). Novelette not included in any of the Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i>Future Science Fiction</i>. Collected in <i>The Time Trap/The Lunar Lichen</i>.</li> <li>"Sun Spot" (November 1960). Short story. Published in <i>Analog</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t65.htm#A3397">Isaac Asimov’s Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction # 4: Comets</a></i> (1986) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t92.htm#A5249">Analog’s Expanding Universe</a></i></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/1963-05_IF_modified#page/n5/mode/2up">The Green World</a>" (May 1963). Novella not included in any of the Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/If_(magazine)" title="If (magazine)">If</a></i>. Collected in <i>The Moon is Hell!/The Green World</i>.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v21n06_1963-08#page/n3/mode/1up">Hot Planet</a>" (August 1963). Novelette not included in any of the Hal Clement's compilations to date. Published in <i>Galaxy</i>. Collected in <i>The 9th Annual of the Year's Best SF</i> (1964), <i>Spectrum 4</i> (1965), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t77.htm#A1680">The Eighth Galaxy Reader</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616112231/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t77.htm#A1680">Archived</a> 2011-06-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1965), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t426.htm#A22965">Isaac Asimov Presents the Great SF Stories #25 (1963)</a></i> (1992) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t776.htm#A38273">Science Fiction Century</a></i> (1997).</li> <li>"Raindrop" (May 1965). Novelette. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/If_(magazine)" title="If (magazine)">If</a></i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t65.htm#A3397">Isaac Asimov’s Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction # 4: Comets</a></i>.</li> <li>"The Foundling Stars" (August 1966). Short story. Published in <i>If</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i> and <i>The Second If Reader of Science Fiction</i> (1968).</li> <li>"The Mechanic" (September 1966). Novelette. Published in <i>Analog</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i>, <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t19.htm#A1094">Analog: Writers’ Choice, Volume II</a></i> (1984).</li> <li>"Bulge" (September 1968). Novelette. Published in <i>If</i>. Collected in <i>Small Changes</i> and <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>'"Planetfall" (1972). Original version of "Planet for Plunder" (1957). Published in <i>Strange Tomorrows</i> (1972). Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lecture_Demonstration" title="Lecture Demonstration">Lecture Demonstration</a>" (1973). Short story from the Mesklin Series (of <i>Mission of Gravity</i> fame). Published in the book <i>Astounding</i> (1973). Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 3</i>, <i>Heavy Planet</i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t119.htm#A2552">Mission of Gravity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919021917/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t119.htm#A2552">Archived</a> 2015-09-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1978).</li> <li>"Mistaken for Granted" (January/February 1974). Novella. Published in <i>Worlds of If</i>. Collected in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i>.</li> <li>"The Logical Life" (1974). Second short story in the Laird Cunningham Series. Published in <i>Stellar #1</i> (1974). Collected in <i>Intuit</i> and <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"Question of Guilt" (1976). Novelette. Published in <i>The Year's Best Horror Stories: Series IV</i> (1976). Collected in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i>.</li> <li>"Stuck with It" (1976). Novelette innthe Laird Cunningham Series. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t33.htm#A718">Stellar #2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002133031/http://www.philsp.com/homeville/isfac/t33.htm#A718">Archived</a> 2020-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1976). Collected in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i>, <i>Intuit</i> and <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"Longline" (1976). Novelette. Published in <i>Faster than Light</i> (1976). Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"Seasoning" (September/October 1978). Novelette set in Harlan Ellison's <i><a href="/wiki/Medea:_Harlan%27s_World" title="Medea: Harlan's World">Medea</a></i> world. Not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i>IASFM</i>. Collected in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t38.htm#A1961">Medea: Harlan's World</a></i> (1985) and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t499.htm#A26144">Aliens and UFO's</a></i> (1993).</li> <li>"Status Symbol" (1987). Novelette, the last story in the Laird Cunningham Series. Published in <i>Intuit</i>. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 2</i>.</li> <li>"Blot" (1989). Novelette about <a href="/wiki/Robot_series_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robot series (Asimov)">Asimov's positronic robots</a>. Not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations to date. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t231.htm#A13370">Foundation's Friends</a></i> (1989).</li> <li>"Phases in Chaos'" (1991). Novella not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t361.htm#A19859">Isaac’s Universe Volume Two: Phases in Chaos</a></i>.</li> <li>"Eyeball Vectors" (1992). Novella not included in any of Clement's compilations to date. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t439.htm#A23606">Isaac's Universe Volume 3: Unnatural Diplomacy</a></i>.</li> <li>"Sortie" (spring/summer 1994). First part of the Sortie series. Novella not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations to date. Published in <i>Harsh Mistress</i>.</li> <li>"Settlement" (fall/winter 1994). Second part of the Sortie series. Novella not included in any of Clement's compilations. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Magnitude_(magazine)" title="Absolute Magnitude (magazine)">Absolute Magnitude</a></i>.</li> <li>"Seismic Sidetrack" (spring 1995). Third part of the Sortie series. Novella not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations to date. Published in <i>Absolute Magnitude</i>.</li> <li>"Simile" (summer 1995). Fourth and last part of the Sortie series. Novella not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i>Absolute Magnitude</i>.</li> <li>"Oh, Natural" (spring 1998). Novelette not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations. Published in <i>Absolute Magnitude</i>. Collected in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?270234">Hal's Worlds: Stories and Essays in Memory of Hal Clement</a></i>.</li> <li>Options" (1998). Short story not included in any of Clement's compilations to date. Published as Harry C. Stubbs in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?185009">Lamps on the Brow</a></i>.</li> <li>"Exchange Rate" (winter 1999). Novella not included in any of Hal Clement's compilations to date. Published in <i>Absolute Magnitude</i>. Collected in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr2000/t13.htm#A553">The Year’s Best Science Fiction: Seventeenth Annual Collection</a></i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr2002/t18.htm#A966">The Hard SF Renaissance</a></i> (2002).</li> <li>"Under" (January 2000). Short story, last story in the 'Mesklin series. Published in <i>Analog</i>. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 3</i> and <i>Heavy Planet</i>.</li> <li>"Office politics" (2003). Short story not included in any of Clement's compilations. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?216237">Readercon 15 Souvenir Book</a></i> (This may be an article and not a fiction story)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Needle_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle (book)">Needle</a></i> (1950), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-00635-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-00635-9">0-380-00635-9</a> (The first novel in the Needle series. Also published as <i>From Outer Space</i>. Published as young adult fiction although it includes abstract hard science fiction.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iceworld" title="Iceworld">Iceworld</a></i> (1953), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-25805-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-25805-3">0-345-25805-3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_of_Gravity" title="Mission of Gravity">Mission of Gravity</a></i> (1954), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-31622-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-31622-3">0-345-31622-3</a> (first book in the Mesklin series).</li> <li><i>The Ranger Boys in Space</i> (1956) (for children)</li> <li><i>Cycle of Fire</i> (1957), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-24368-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-24368-4">0-345-24368-4</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Close_to_Critical" title="Close to Critical">Close to Critical</a></i> (1958), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-24508-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-24508-3">0-345-24508-3</a> (part of the Mesklin series. Magazine publication in 1958, book in 1964)</li> <li><i>Natives of Space</i> (1965), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0345219503" title="Special:BookSources/0345219503">0345219503</a> (three novelettes)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Changes" title="Small Changes">Small Changes</a></i> (1969), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0709110006" title="Special:BookSources/0709110006">0709110006</a> (collection of 9 short stories)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Lash" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Lash">Space Lash</a></i> (1969), ISBN (reprint in paperback of <i>Small Changes</i>)</li> <li><i>First Flights to the Moon</i> (1970), ASIN B000BCHC4Y (anthology of short stories from others, edited by Hal Clement)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Light" title="Star Light">Star Light</a></i> (1971), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-02361-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-02361-7">0-345-02361-7</a> (part of the Mesklin series, sequel to <i>Mission of Gravity</i>. It also shares some characters with <i>Close to Critical</i>)</li> <li><i>Ocean on Top</i> (1973), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4510-1057-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4510-1057-5">1-4510-1057-5</a> (magazine publications in 1967)</li> <li><i>Left of Africa</i> (1976), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0936414014" title="Special:BookSources/0936414014">0936414014</a> (historical novel for young adults, apparently limited to 750 copies<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><i>Through the Eye of a Needle</i> (1978), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-25850-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-25850-9">0-345-25850-9</a> (the second and last novel in the Needle series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i> (1979), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0345276892" title="Special:BookSources/0345276892">0345276892</a> (collection of 10 short stories, including all of <i>Natives of Space</i> and two from <i>Small Changes</i>: "Uncommon Sense" and "Dust Rag")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nitrogen_Fix" title="The Nitrogen Fix">The Nitrogen Fix</a></i> (1980), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-441-58116-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-441-58116-1">0-441-58116-1</a></li> <li><i>Intuit</i> (1987), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915368-35-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-915368-35-8">0-915368-35-8</a> (complete collection of the 4 Laird Cunningham stories, edition limited to 820 copies)</li> <li><i>Still River</i> (1987), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-32916-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-32916-3">0-345-32916-3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fossil_(novel)" title="Fossil (novel)">Fossil</a></i> (1993), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88677-573-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-88677-573-6">0-88677-573-6</a> (set in <a href="/wiki/Isaac%27s_Universe" title="Isaac's Universe">Isaac Asimov's Universe</a>)</li> <li><i>Half Life</i> (1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-86920-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-86920-7">0-312-86920-7</a> (Humanity is going extinct due to disease, scientists are sent to Titan in the faint hope of finding biochemical clues to a cure)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nesfa.org/press/Books/Clement1.htm">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 1: Trio for Slide Rule and Typewriter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020156/http://nesfa.org/press/Books/Clement1.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886778-06-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-886778-06-X">1-886778-06-X</a> (collection of the novels <i>Needle</i>, <i>Iceworld</i> and <i>Close to Critical</i>)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nesfa.org/press/Books/Clement-2.htm">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 2: Music of Many Spheres</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927020052/http://nesfa.org/press/Books/Clement-2.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886778-07-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-886778-07-8">1-886778-07-8</a> (collection of 17 short stories, including most from <i>Small Changes</i> and from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nesfa.org/press/Books/Clement-3.html">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 3: Variations on a Theme by Sir Isaac Newton</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092741/http://nesfa.org/press/Books/Clement-3.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886778-08-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-886778-08-6">1-886778-08-6</a> (collection of all Mesklin stories except <i>Close to Critical</i>: <i>Mission of Gravity</i>, <i>Star Light</i>, "Lecture Demonstration" and "Under"; also the how-to-write-science-fiction article "Whirligig World")</li> <li><i>Heavy Planet</i> (2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7653-0368-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7653-0368-X">0-7653-0368-X</a> (reprint of <i>The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 3</i>)</li> <li><i>Noise</i> (2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7653-0857-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7653-0857-6">0-7653-0857-6</a> (set on an ocean planet)</li> <li><i>Men of the Morning Star/Planet for Plunder</i> (2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61287-018-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61287-018-2">978-1-61287-018-2</a> (two novellas, the first by Edmond Hamilton and the second by Hal Clement and Sam Merwin Jr.)</li> <li><i>The Moon is Hell!/The Green World</i> (2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61287-087-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61287-087-8">978-1-61287-087-8</a> (two novellas, the first by John W. Campbell Jr. and the second by Hal Clement)</li> <li><i>The Time Trap/The Lunar Lichen</i> (2013), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61287-142-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61287-142-4">978-1-61287-142-4</a> (two novellas, the first by Henry Kuttner and the second by Hal Clement)</li> <li><i>Hal Clement SF Gateway Omnibus</i> (2014), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0575110151" title="Special:BookSources/978-0575110151">978-0575110151</a> (collection of the novels <i>Iceworld</i>, <i>Cycle of Fire</i> and <i>Close to Critical</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_Hal_Clement">About Hal Clement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: About Hal Clement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Starmont Readers Guide 11: Hal Clement</i> (1982), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0893700423" title="Special:BookSources/978-0893700423">978-0893700423</a>. Donald M. Hassler.</li> <li><i>Hal Clement, Scientist with a Mission: a Working Bibliography</i> (1989), ASIN B0006OUUAU. Gordon Benson Jr.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?270234">Hal's Worlds: Stories and Essays in Memory of Hal Clement</a></i> (2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8095-5073-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8095-5073-9">978-0-8095-5073-9</a>. Several authors.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_and_introductions">Articles and introductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Articles and introductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Probability Zero!</i> (nov 1942). Published jointly with Malcolm Jameson, Harry Warner Jr., Dennis Tucker and P. Schuyler Miller in <i>Astounding</i>. About <i>Probability Zero</i>, Harry Harrison said in the John Campbell Memorial Anthology:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>"In the early 1940s, in Astounding, there was a small department called Probability Zero! that ran short-short stories. Or items. Or lies. Things. These things were usually funny and always impossible - echoing the description of the title." </p> <ul><li><i>Whirligig World</i> (jun 1953). About how to write science fiction, and specifically, about how he wrote <i>Mission of Gravity</i>. Published in <i>Astounding</i>. Collected in <i>The Essential Hal Clement Volume 3</i>, <i>Heavy Planet</i> and <i>Mission of Gravity</i> (1978).</li> <li><i>Some Notes on Xi Bootis</i>. Published by Advent Publishers.</li> <li><i>Gravity insufficient</i> (nov 1961). Published in <i>Analog Science Fact</i>.</li> <li><i>Chips on Distant Shoulders</i> (1980). Published in <i>The Future at War Vol. 3</i>.</li> <li><i>Basic Concepts: Astrophysics, Geology</i> (1985). About Harlan Ellison's world <i>Medea</i>. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t38.htm#A1961">Medea: Harlan's World</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Second Thoughts</i> (1985). About Harlan Ellison's world <i>Medea</i>, jointly written with Poul Anderson, Thomas M. Disch, Larry Niven & Frederik Pohl. Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t38.htm#A1961">Medea: Harlan's World</a></i>.</li> <li><i>The Home System</i> (oct 1986). Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Science_Fiction" title="Aboriginal Science Fiction">Aboriginal</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Intuition: The Guide Who Needs Steering</i> (1987). Published in <i>Intuit</i>.</li> <li><i>The Magic Picture</i> (1989). Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t219.htm#A12657">L. Ron Hubbard Presents Writers of the Future v5</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Whatever Happened to the Science in Science Fiction?</i> (sep 1993). Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t545.htm#A28109">Science Fiction Age</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Ardent Thuria, Chilly Cluros: Seeing, and Seeing From, Low Orbiting Satellites</i> (1994). Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t610.htm#A31105">Mindsparks</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Only Once</i> (1994). Published in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t606.htm#A31042">Fractal</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Will</i> (1998). Introduction to <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/t854.htm#A41733">First Contacts: The Essential Murray Leinster</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Jack Williamson, especulator</i> (1999). Introduction to <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr1999/t39.htm#A1969">The Collected Stories of Jack Williamson, Volume One: The Metal Man and Others</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Alfred E. van Vogt</i> (2003). Introduction to <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr2003/t50.htm#A2359">Transfinite: The Essential A.E. van Vogt</a></i>.</li> <li><i>About Proof, of Course</i> (2003). Introduction to <i>Proof</i> in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/yr2003/t45.htm#A2125">Wondrous Beginnings</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/27px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/41px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/54px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hof-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hof_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hof_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As living inductees Clement and <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> were preceded in the Hall of Fame by <a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sfhof-old_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfhof-old-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rosetta-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosetta_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720075827/http://www.rosettabooks.com/pages/author_72.html">"Henry Clement Stubbs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosettabooks.com/pages/author_72.html">the original</a> on July 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+Clement+Stubbs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosettabooks.com%2Fpages%2Fauthor_72.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHal+Clement" class="Z3988"></span>. Rosetta Books (rosettabooks.com). Archived 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2013-03-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-long-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-long_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2003/10/31/hal_clement_81_craftsman_of_sci_fi_novels/">"Hal Clement, 81, craftsman of sci fi novels"</a>. Tom Long. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. October 31, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfhof-old-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sfhof-old_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sfhof-old_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sfhof-old_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midamericon.org/halloffame/">"Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame"</a>. Mid American Science Fiction and Fantasy Conventions, Inc. Retrieved 2013-03-23. This was the official website of the hall of fame to 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFWA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFWA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFWA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nebulas.sfwa.org/grand-masters/hal-clement/">"SFWA Grand Master"</a>. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFAwards-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomLit28.html#966">"Clement, Hal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920035654/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomLit28.html#966">Archived</a> 2012-09-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index to Literary Nominees</i>. <a href="/wiki/Locus_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Publications">Locus Publications</a>. Retrieved 2013-03-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isfdb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?233">Hal Clement</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a> (ISFDB). Retrieved 2013-04-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClute2003" class="citation web cs1">Clute, John (31 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hal-clement-37380.html">"Hal Clement: Writer From the Golden Age of Science Fiction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Hal+Clement%3A+Writer+From+the+Golden+Age+of+Science+Fiction&rft.date=2003-10-31&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fhal-clement-37380.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHal+Clement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080525140915/http://www.goldenduck.org/guidelines.php">"Submission Guidelines"</a>. Golden Duck Awards (goldenduck.org). Archived 2008-05-25. Retrieved 2014-08-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwcurrey.com/pages/books/112317/hal-clement-harry-clement-stubbs/left-of-africa">"LEFT OF AFRICA by Hal Clement, Harry Clement Stubbs on L. W. Currey, Inc"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LEFT+OF+AFRICA+by+Hal+Clement%2C+Harry+Clement+Stubbs+on+L.+W.+Currey%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwcurrey.com%2Fpages%2Fbooks%2F112317%2Fhal-clement-harry-clement-stubbs%2Fleft-of-africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHal+Clement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/wiki/index.php/Series:Probability_Zero">"Series:Probability Zero - ISFDB"</a>. <i>isfdb.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isfdb.org&rft.atitle=Series%3AProbability+Zero+-+ISFDB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isfdb.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%2FSeries%3AProbability_Zero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHal+Clement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Clement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hal_Clement" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Hal Clement">Hal Clement</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722084039/http://www.empmuseum.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=928">"Hal Clement biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Pop_Culture#Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Museum of Pop Culture">Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hal+Clement+biography&rft.pub=Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120722084039%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.empmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Findex.asp%3FarticleID%3D928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHal+Clement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grantvillegazette.com/wp/article/publish-370/">A Logic Named Clement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philsp.com/articles/pastmasters_17.html">Past Masters: A Logic Named Clement (or Open the Pod Bay Doors, Hal)</a> by Bud Webster at Galactic Central</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14785">Works by Hal Clement</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n81039778">Hal Clement</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 20 library catalog records (under 'Clement, Hal' and 'Clement, Hal, 1922–' without '2003', previous page of browse report)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/clement_hal">Hal Clement at the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/index/">The Locus Magazine Index</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_by_Hal_Clement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hal_Clement" title="Template:Hal Clement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Hal_Clement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Hal Clement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hal_Clement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hal Clement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Hal_Clement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hal Clement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Needle_(novel)" title="Needle (novel)">Needle</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iceworld" title="Iceworld">Iceworld</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_of_Gravity" title="Mission of Gravity">Mission of Gravity</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ranger_Boys_in_Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ranger Boys in Space (page does not exist)">The Ranger Boys in Space</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycle_of_Fire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycle of Fire (page does not exist)">Cycle of Fire</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Close_to_Critical" title="Close to Critical">Close to Critical</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natives_of_Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natives of Space (page does not exist)">Natives of Space</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Changes" title="Small Changes">Small Changes</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Light" title="Star Light">Star Light</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_on_Top&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocean on Top (page does not exist)">Ocean on Top</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left_of_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Left of Africa (page does not exist)">Left of Africa</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Through_the_Eye_of_a_Needle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Through the Eye of a Needle (page does not exist)">Through the Eye of a Needle</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Hal_Clement" title="The Best of Hal Clement">The Best of Hal Clement</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nitrogen_Fix" title="The Nitrogen Fix">The Nitrogen Fix</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intuit_(short_story_collection)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intuit (short story collection) (page does not exist)">Intuit</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Still_River_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Still River (novel) (page does not exist)">Still River</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fossil_(novel)" title="Fossil (novel)">Fossil</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half_Life_(Clement_novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Half Life (Clement novel) (page does not exist)">Half Life</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noise_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noise (novel) (page does not exist)">Noise</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards_(SFWA_Grand_Masters)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Template:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Template talk:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards_(SFWA_Grand_Masters)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards</a> (SFWA Grand Masters)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bester" title="Alfred Bester">Alfred Bester</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_del_Rey" title="Lester del Rey">Lester del Rey</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight" title="Damon Knight">Damon Knight</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hal Clement</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (writer)">James Gunn</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle" title="Peter S. Beagle">Peter S. Beagle</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalo_Hopkinson" title="Nalo Hopkinson">Nalo Hopkinson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Lackey" title="Mercedes Lackey">Mercedes Lackey</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_McKinley" title="Robin McKinley">Robin McKinley</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Retro_Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template talk:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Retro_Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story#Retro_Hugos" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Retro Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Best Short Story</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>These Hugo awards were retroactively awarded for short stories published 50, 75, or 100 years prior</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/How_We_Went_to_Mars" title="How We Went to Mars">How We Went to Mars</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Robbie_(short_story)" title="Robbie (short story)">Robbie</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1941)</li> <li>"The Twonky" by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Padgett" title="Lewis Padgett">Lewis Padgett</a> (1943)</li> <li>"King of the Gray Spaces" <small>or: "R is for Rocket"</small> by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I,_Rocket" title="I, Rocket">I, Rocket</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncommon_Sense" title="Uncommon Sense">Uncommon Sense</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hal Clement</a> (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Serve_Man_(short_story)" title="To Serve Man (short story)">To Serve Man</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight" title="Damon Knight">Damon Knight</a> (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Billion_Names_of_God" title="The Nine Billion Names of God">The Nine Billion Names of God</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story">Retro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1955%E2%80%931960" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1955–1960">1955–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1961%E2%80%931980" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1961–1980">1961–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1981%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1981–2000">1981–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_2001%E2%80%932020" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 2001–2020">2001–2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_2021%E2%80%932040" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 2021–2040">2021–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453329#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/105158526">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81039778">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12597408q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12597408q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00436159">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0002552&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/47811">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/8046659">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000041629&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000056156&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201635630">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz11w7557xrx21">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810691258105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007582866905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04693634?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/074992384">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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