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Locksmith scam - Wikipedia

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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scam targeting people locked out of cars or buildings</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the supposed practice of burglars using locksmith stickers to mark vulnerable properties, see <a href="/wiki/Burglar_signs#Locksmith_stickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Burglar signs">Burglar signs §&#160;Locksmith stickers</a>.</div> <p>The <b>locksmith scam</b> is a scam involving fake business listings for cheap <a href="/wiki/Locksmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Locksmith">locksmith</a> services that, once called out, overcharge the customer. The scam targets people who call a locksmith out of desperation, usually because of being locked out of their car or premises.<sup id="cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucson-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aloa-2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aloa-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc15-2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc15-2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Locksmith scams have been reported in the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-aarp-2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aarp-2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kdvr-2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kdvr-2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aloa-2014_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aloa-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msnbc-today_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msnbc-today-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc-thelookout_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-thelookout-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the U.K.,<sup id="cite_ref-mla-2012-08_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mla-2012-08-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mla-2014-01_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mla-2014-01-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-newshub-2017_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshub-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tvnz-2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvnz-2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mlaa-2017-12_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlaa-2017-12-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The scams work by flooding business-finding services with a multitude of faux business listings. All of the phone numbers of these listings eventually link back to a single operation, usually without a legitimate address or license. The descriptions will be similar to legitimate locksmiths, accompanied by similarly misleading advertising, and usually quoting an unusually low price. The person who turns up may perform shoddy work and then overcharge for the service and parts. Since the customer never knows the real business or people involved, at best they can ask for a single phony listing to be removed - a process that takes time and does not negatively impact the scammer much, as they can simply create more fake listings. </p><p>Side-effects of the scam include damage to legitimate locksmiths who lose business and tend to get angry calls from people believing them to be responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-time-2017_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews4-2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews4-2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> has been particularly vulnerable to this operation in the 2010s. It began requiring people advertising locksmith services in the US or Canada to complete its "Advanced Verification" process as of 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet-2018_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but does not do so in other markets. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locksmith_scam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lead_generation">Lead generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locksmith_scam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Lead generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Such scams rely on <a href="/wiki/Lead_generation" title="Lead generation">lead generation</a>, designed to confuse potential customers into believing that the scammer is a legitimate, but low-priced, locksmith:<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-consumerist-2016_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerist-2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Creating websites,<sup id="cite_ref-pbdn-2013_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbdn-2013-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising#Search_ads" title="Online advertising">search engine advertisements</a> and <a href="/wiki/Business_directory" title="Business directory">business directory</a> listings designed to resemble those of legitimate locksmiths.<sup id="cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2011_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npr-2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time-2017_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews4-2017_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews4-2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kiro7-2018_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiro7-2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wlja-2018_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wlja-2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Using <a href="/wiki/Photo_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo manipulation">retouched photographs</a> depicting locksmith stores at locations where no store actually exists.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Procuring <a href="/wiki/User_review#Fake_reviews" title="User review">dishonest reviews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Using names similar or identical to those of legitimate locksmiths.<sup id="cite_ref-pbp-2013_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbp-2013-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pbdn-2013_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbdn-2013-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mla-2014-01_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mla-2014-01-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews4-2017_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews4-2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newshub-2017_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshub-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-knoe-2018_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoe-2018-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Using addresses that are either fictitious, or are P. O. boxes, or belong to an existing home or business (sometimes, but not always, a locksmith business<sup id="cite_ref-cbc-2018_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-2018-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-ynet-2005_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynet-2005-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucson-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2011_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mla-2012-08_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mla-2012-08-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-businessweek-2014-03_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessweek-2014-03-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wlja-2018_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wlja-2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc-thelookout_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-thelookout-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Driving up the price of online advertisements<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to make them unaffordable for legitimate locksmiths. (Locksmiths businesses are among those worst affected by <a href="/wiki/Click_fraud" title="Click fraud">click fraud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-itproportal-2018_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itproportal-2018-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Calls being routed to a call centre, rather than to an actual locksmith.<sup id="cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucson-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2011_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aloa-2014_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aloa-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boingboing-2016-02_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boingboing-2016-02-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time-2017_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-knoe-2018_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoe-2018-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Unrealistically low prices advertised,<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-consumerist-2016_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerist-2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huffpo-2016_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpo-2016-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc15-2017_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc15-2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time-2017_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or quoted by the call centre,<sup id="cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huffpo-2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpo-2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> together with the caveat, "and up".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lead_conversion">Lead conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locksmith_scam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Lead conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scams then use a "<a href="/wiki/Conversion_funnel" title="Conversion funnel">conversion funnel</a>", in which the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence trick">mark</a> is bluntly persuaded to part with money: </p> <ul><li>Using vehicles that have no signage<sup id="cite_ref-consumerist-2008_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerist-2008-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huffpo-2014_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpo-2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newshub-2017_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshub-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lifehacker-2014_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifehacker-2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aloa-2014_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aloa-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time-2017_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or only magnetic stick-on signage,<sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to reduce accountability.</li> <li>Using staff lacking identification<sup id="cite_ref-lifehacker-2014_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifehacker-2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time-2017_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or uniforms,<sup id="cite_ref-consumerist-2008_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerist-2008-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> again to reduce accountability.</li> <li>Disinterest in the customer's right to access the vehicle or building to which the call-out relates; for example, failing to ask the customer for ID or proof of ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-aloa-2014_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aloa-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Refusing to provide a written estimate,<sup id="cite_ref-huffpo-2014_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpo-2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newshub-2017_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshub-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> also to reduce accountability.</li> <li>Insisting upon the use of destructive rather than non-destructive entry, typically by destroying the original lock and necessitating the purchase of a replacement lock.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2011_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Charging excessive prices, even if low prices were advertised or quoted by the call centre (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bait-and-switch" title="Bait-and-switch">bait-and-switch</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ynet-2005_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynet-2005-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucson-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lifehacker-2014_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifehacker-2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-consumerist-2016_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consumerist-2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc15-2017_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc15-2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newshub-2017_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshub-2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-knoe-2018_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoe-2018-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Insisting upon payment by cash<sup id="cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huffpo-2014_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpo-2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lifehacker-2014_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifehacker-2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or debit card<sup id="cite_ref-mnn-2016_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnn-2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (because if paid by credit card, the charges are <a href="/wiki/Chargeback" title="Chargeback">potentially reversible</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-knoe-2018_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoe-2018-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_action">Legal action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locksmith_scam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Legal action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Locksmiths and other observers have noted that search engine companies make substantial income from paid-for listings, regardless of whether the listings are legitimate or spam.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2014_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2014-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boingboing-2014-03_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boingboing-2014-03-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-businessweek-2014-03_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessweek-2014-03-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wlja-2018_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wlja-2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Writing in 2016, <a href="/wiki/Cory_Doctorow" title="Cory Doctorow">Cory Doctorow</a> claimed that "Nearly every locksmith that appears on Google Maps is a fake business that redirects to a call center ... that dispatches a scammy, distant, barely trained locksmith who'll come and charge you 5-10 times more than you were quoted."<sup id="cite_ref-boingboing-2016-02_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boingboing-2016-02-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S. in 2005, a <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>-based company was sued by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Chicago" title="Government of Chicago">Chicago Department of Consumer services</a> for alleged consumer fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-ynet-2005_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynet-2005-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S. in 2009, three alleged locksmith scammers were unsuccessfully prosecuted in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.K. in 2010, a locksmith scammer was successfully prosecuted.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-2010_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S. in 2014, a locksmith based in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> sued <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yell_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Yell Group">Yellowbook (Hibu)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ziplocal" title="Ziplocal">Ziplocal</a>, under numerous laws, requesting that those companies "remove fraudulent locksmith listings from their search results".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2014_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2014-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marketingland-2014_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketingland-2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcsandiego-2014_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcsandiego-2014-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This, too, was unsuccessful, due to the companies' immunity under the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act">Communications Decency Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-2016_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S. in 2017–2018, a group of 14 locksmiths filed a lawsuit against Google, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a>, alleging that these search engines allowed spam listings to drown out legitimate, organic search results.<sup id="cite_ref-marketingland-2017_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketingland-2017-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This class action was dismissed by the US Court of Appeals in Washington DC in 2019. </p><p>In <i>Eastwood v. Atlas Locksmith Solutions, et al.</i>, Atlas disclosed that it subscribed to 115 telephone numbers in the Phoenix Metropolitan Market, assigned each of those numbers to an address where Atlas had no location or legitimate business interest, then multiplied those phone number/address combinations by 10 different company names on a spreadsheet causing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veritel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Veritel (page does not exist)">Veritel</a> (a now defunct telephone company run by Clay Van Doren)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to publish 1,150 separate and distinct fraudulent telephone listings<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> all promulgated and distributed to consumers by Google, Yahoo, and distributed on a wholesale basis by information brokers including <a href="/wiki/Acxiom" title="Acxiom">Acxiom</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google says that it has removed billions of advertisements that violated its policies, and claims to have improved its verification systems to combat listings fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-sej-2016_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sej-2016-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reg-2018-09_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reg-2018-09-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, although Google now requires people advertising locksmith services in the US or Canada to complete its "Advanced Verification" process,<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet-2018_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> it does not do so in other markets.<sup id="cite_ref-google-adwords-av-policies_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-adwords-av-policies-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also, Google has reportedly resisted removing fraudulent listings.<sup id="cite_ref-businessweek-2014-03_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessweek-2014-03-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locksmith_scam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_information_retrieval" title="Adversarial information retrieval">Adversarial information retrieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism of Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijacked_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijacked journal">Hijacked journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">Misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_off" title="Passing off">Passing off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_attack" title="Sybil attack">Sybil attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typosquatting" title="Typosquatting">Typosquatting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locksmith_scam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tucson-2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tucson-2007_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStar" class="citation web cs1">Star, Shelley Shelton Arizona Daily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tucson.com/business/locksmith-scam-may-have-hit-tucson/article_0874f176-79dc-5ad2-8501-6a2a897582b5.html">"Locksmith scam may have hit Tucson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Locksmith+scam+may+have+hit+Tucson&amp;rft.aulast=Star&amp;rft.aufirst=Shelley+Shelton+Arizona+Daily&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftucson.com%2Fbusiness%2Flocksmith-scam-may-have-hit-tucson%2Farticle_0874f176-79dc-5ad2-8501-6a2a897582b5.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftc-2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc-2008_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aloa.org/AG.html">"Associated Locksmiths of America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Locksmiths_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Locksmiths of America">Associated Locksmiths of America</a>. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Fake+Online+Locksmiths+May+Be+Out+to+Pick+Your+Pocket%2C+Too&amp;rft.date=2016-01-30&amp;rft.aulast=Segal&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F31%2Fbusiness%2Ffake-online-locksmiths-may-be-out-to-pick-your-pocket-too.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whnt-2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whnt-2016_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Virginia+Business+Owner+Sues+Google%2C+Others+for+%248.4+million&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcsandiego.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-international%2FBusiness-owner-Sues-Google-Yellowbook-and-Ziplocal-for-84-million-279977282.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marketingland-2017-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marketingland-2017_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marketingland.com/locksmiths-try-sue-google-fake-local-listings-208189">"Locksmiths try again to sue Google over fake local listings - Marketing Land"</a>. 3 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Locksmiths+try+again+to+sue+Google+over+fake+local+listings+-+Marketing+Land&amp;rft.date=2017-03-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarketingland.com%2Flocksmiths-try-sue-google-fake-local-listings-208189&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atos.net/en/expert/clay-van-doren">"Clay van Doren"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Clay+van+Doren&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatos.net%2Fen%2Fexpert%2Fclay-van-doren&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://thelocksmithpolice.com/exhibits/Numbered%20Exhibits/EXHIBIT%20057-Veritel.pdf">http://thelocksmithpolice.com/exhibits/Numbered%20Exhibits/EXHIBIT%20057-Veritel.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://thelocksmithpolice.com/exhibits/EXHIBIT%20005%20-%20ATLAS.DOC.pdf">http://thelocksmithpolice.com/exhibits/EXHIBIT%20005%20-%20ATLAS.DOC.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sej-2016-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sej-2016_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-fights-fraud-cracking-plumbers-locksmiths/175362/">"Google Fights Fraud by Cracking Down on Plumbers and Locksmiths - Search Engine Journal"</a>. 4 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+Fights+Fraud+by+Cracking+Down+on+Plumbers+and+Locksmiths+-+Search+Engine+Journal&amp;rft.date=2016-10-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchenginejournal.com%2Fgoogle-fights-fraud-cracking-plumbers-locksmiths%2F175362%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reg-2018-09-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reg-2018-09_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/03/tech_support_ads/">"Google cracks down on dodgy tech support ads"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Register&amp;rft.atitle=Google+cracks+down+on+dodgy+tech+support+ads&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2018%2F09%2F03%2Ftech_support_ads%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-adwords-av-policies-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google-adwords-av-policies_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/google-ads/answer/7167922">"Advanced Verification policies - Google Ads Help"</a>. <i>support.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=support.google.com&amp;rft.atitle=Advanced+Verification+policies+-+Google+Ads+Help&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fgoogle-ads%2Fanswer%2F7167922&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocksmith+scam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scams_and_confidence_tricks" title="Template:Scams and confidence tricks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scams_and_confidence_tricks" title="Template talk:Scams and confidence tricks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scams_and_confidence_tricks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scams and confidence tricks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scams_and_confidence_tricks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Scams and confidence tricks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scam" title="Scam">Scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_account" title="Error account">Error account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shill" title="Shill">Shill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyster" title="Shyster">Shyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucker_list" title="Sucker list">Sucker list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance-fee_scam" title="Advance-fee scam">Advance-fee scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_student_scam" title="Art student scam">Art student scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_game" title="Badger game">Badger game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bait-and-switch" title="Bait-and-switch">Bait-and-switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_money_scam" title="Black money scam">Black money scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_scam" title="Blessing scam">Blessing scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogus_escrow" title="Bogus escrow">Bogus escrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_room_(business)" title="Boiler room (business)">Boiler room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_scam" title="Bride scam">Bride scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_fraud" title="Charity fraud">Charity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clip_joint" title="Clip joint">Clip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin-matching_game" title="Coin-matching game">Coin-matching game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_rolling_scams" title="Coin rolling scams">Coin rolling scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_swindle" title="Drop swindle">Drop swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embarrassing_cheque" title="Embarrassing cheque">Embarrassing cheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_scam" title="Exit scam">Exit scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_real_estate" title="Extraterrestrial real estate">Extraterrestrial real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiddle game">Fiddle game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_print" title="Fine print">Fine print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreclosure_rescue_scheme" title="Foreclosure rescue scheme">Foreclosure rescue scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_fraud" title="Foreign exchange fraud">Foreign exchange fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_telling_fraud" title="Fortune telling fraud">Fortune telling fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gem_scam" title="Gem scam">Gem scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get-rich-quick_scheme" title="Get-rich-quick scheme">Get-rich-quick scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goods_scam" title="Green goods scam">Green goods scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hustling" title="Hustling">Hustling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_coal_allocation_scam" title="Indian coal allocation scam">Indian coal allocation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS_impersonation_scam" title="IRS impersonation scam">IRS impersonation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scams_in_intellectual_property" title="Scams in intellectual property">Intellectual property scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Shuffle" title="Kansas City Shuffle">Kansas City Shuffle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Locksmith scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_firm_fraud" title="Long firm fraud">Long firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mismarking" title="Mismarking">Mismarking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_auction" title="Mock auction">Mock auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_scam" title="Moving scam">Moving scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpayment_scam" title="Overpayment scam">Overpayment scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_safe" title="Patent safe">Patent safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_in_a_poke" title="Pig in a poke">Pig in a poke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_drop" title="Pigeon drop">Pigeon drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">Pork barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_and_dump" title="Pump and dump">Pump and dump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_movement" title="Redemption movement">Redemption/A4V schemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reloading_scam" title="Reloading scam">Reloading scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_fraud" title="Return fraud">Return fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(confidence_trick)" title="Salting (confidence trick)">Salting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_game" title="Shell game">Shell game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_baby_hoax" title="Sick baby hoax">Sick baby hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_swap_scam" title="SIM swap scam">SIM swap scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_reparations_scam" title="Slavery reparations scam">Slavery reparations scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Prisoner" title="Spanish Prisoner">Spanish Prisoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSA_impersonation_scam" title="SSA impersonation scam">SSA impersonation scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSC_Scam" title="SSC Scam">SSC Scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_search_phone_call_scam" title="Strip search phone call scam">Strip search phone call scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swampland_in_Florida" title="Swampland in Florida">Swampland in Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmac_scam" title="Tarmac scam">Tarmac scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_support_scam" title="Technical support scam">Technical support scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemarketing_fraud" title="Telemarketing fraud">Telemarketing fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_tailor_scam" title="Thai tailor scam">Thai tailor scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_zig_zag_scam" title="Thai zig zag scam">Thai zig zag scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-card_monte" title="Three-card monte">Three-card monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(business)" title="Trojan horse (business)">Trojan horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Wash trading">Wash trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_van_speaker_scam" title="White van speaker scam">White van speaker scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work-at-home_scheme" title="Work-at-home scheme">Work-at-home scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_fraud" title="Internet fraud">Internet scams</a> and<br />countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_(phishing_group)" title="Avalanche (phishing group)">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_butchering_scam" title="Pig butchering scam">Pig Butchering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carding_(fraud)" title="Carding (fraud)">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfishing" title="Catfishing">Catfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click_fraud" title="Click fraud">Click fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clickjacking" title="Clickjacking">Clickjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramming_(fraud)" title="Cramming (fraud)">Cramming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cryptocurrency_scams" title="Category:Cryptocurrency scams">Cryptocurrency scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberThrill" title="CyberThrill">CyberThrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMarket" title="DarkMarket">DarkMarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_scams" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain name scams">Domain name scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_authentication" title="Email authentication">Email authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_fraud" title="Email fraud">Email fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_vigilantism" title="Internet vigilantism">Internet vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_(bot)" title="Lenny (bot)">Lenny anti-scam bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottery_scam" title="Lottery scam">Lottery scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPaI" title="PayPaI">PayPai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referer_spoofing" title="Referer spoofing">Referer spoofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripoff_Report" title="Ripoff Report">Ripoff Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Phish" title="Rock Phish">Rock Phish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_scam" title="Romance scam">Romance scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Business_Network" title="Russian Business Network">Russian Business Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaferNet" title="SaferNet">SaferNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scam_baiting" title="Scam baiting">Scam baiting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/419eater.com" title="419eater.com">419eater.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Browning_(YouTuber)" title="Jim Browning (YouTuber)">Jim Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitboga_(streamer)" title="Kitboga (streamer)">Kitboga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scammer_Payback" title="Scammer Payback">Scammer Payback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShadowCrew" title="ShadowCrew">ShadowCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoofed_URL" title="Spoofed URL">Spoofed URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoofing_attack" title="Spoofing attack">Spoofing attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Generation" title="Stock Generation">Stock Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_phishing" title="Voice phishing">Voice phishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">Website reputation ratings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_scheme" title="Pyramid scheme">Pyramid</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Ponzi_scheme" title="Ponzi scheme">Ponzi schemes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aman_Futures_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Aman Futures Group">Aman Futures Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornfeld" title="Bernard Cornfeld">Bernard Cornfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_(Ponzi_scheme)" title="Caritas (Ponzi scheme)">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dona_Branca" title="Dona Branca">Dona Branca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Jones_(investment_advisor)" title="Earl Jones (investment advisor)">Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezubao" title="Ezubao">Ezubao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_New_Era_Philanthropy" title="Foundation for New Era Philanthropy">Foundation for New Era Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franchise_fraud" title="Franchise fraud">Franchise fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_investment_program" title="High-yield investment program">High-yield investment program (HYIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investors_Overseas_Service" title="Investors Overseas Service">Investors Overseas Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_investment_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapa investment scam">Kapa investment scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubus_scheme" title="Kubus scheme">Kubus scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madoff_investment_scandal" title="Madoff investment scandal">Madoff investment scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Money_Fast" title="Make Money Fast">Make Money Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_scheme" title="Matrix scheme">Matrix scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMM_(Ponzi_scheme_company)" title="MMM (Ponzi scheme company)">MMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petters_Group_Worldwide" title="Petters Group Worldwide">Petters Group Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_schemes_in_Albania" title="Pyramid schemes in Albania">Pyramid schemes in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Slatkin" title="Reed Slatkin">Reed Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saradha_Group_financial_scandal" title="Saradha Group financial scandal">Saradha Group financial scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Sister" title="Secret Sister">Secret Sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Rothstein" title="Scott W. Rothstein">Scott W. Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Financial_Group" title="Stanford Financial Group">Stanford Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Thrasher_faith_scam" title="Welsh Thrasher faith scam">Welsh Thrasher faith scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinCapita" title="WinCapita">WinCapita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_con_artists" title="List of con artists">Con artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_confidence_tricks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of confidence tricks">Confidence tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_criminal_enterprises,_gangs,_and_syndicates" title="List of criminal enterprises, gangs, and syndicates">Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impostors" title="List of impostors">Impostors</a></li> <li>In the media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_tricks_in_film_and_television" title="Confidence tricks in film and television">Film and television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_tricks_in_literature" title="Confidence tricks in literature">Literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ponzi_schemes" title="List of Ponzi schemes">Ponzi schemes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐m5gcf Cached time: 20241122154326 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.821 seconds Real time usage: 0.959 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3007/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 86042/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3450/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 181486/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.507/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5200769/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 872.091 1 -total 64.46% 562.146 1 Template:Reflist 44.21% 385.569 40 Template:Cite_web 13.94% 121.534 1 Template:Scams_and_confidence_tricks 13.64% 118.981 1 Template:Navbox 10.33% 90.051 1 Template:Short_description 6.62% 57.762 2 Template:Bare_URL_PDF 6.17% 53.822 2 Template:Pagetype 5.72% 49.874 2 Template:Fix 4.12% 35.953 6 Template:Cite_news --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58673336-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122154326 and revision id 1258122162. 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