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Monofyletisk gruppe – Wikipedia

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monofyletisk gruppe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 47 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofyletisk_gruppe" title="Monofyletisk gruppe – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Monofyletisk gruppe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofyli" title="Monofyli – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monofyli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofyletisk_gruppe" title="Monofyletisk gruppe – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Monofyletisk gruppe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofileties" title="Monofileties – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Monofileties" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="أحادي النمط الخلوي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحادي النمط الخلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofilia_(filochenetica)" title="Monofilia (filochenetica) – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Monofilia (filochenetica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiliya" title="Monofiliya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monofiliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan-h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Tan-hē-thóng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tan-hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletska_evolucija" title="Monofiletska evolucija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Monofiletska evolucija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletisme" title="Monofiletisme – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monofiletisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Монофили – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Монофили" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofyletismus" title="Monofyletismus – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Monofyletismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monof%C3%BCleetiline_r%C3%BChm" title="Monofüleetiline rühm – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Monofüleetiline rühm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monophyly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofil%C3%A9tico" title="Monofilético – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monofilético" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletika" title="Monofiletika – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monofiletika" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletiko" title="Monofiletiko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monofiletiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تک‌تبار – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تک‌تبار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophylie" title="Monophylie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monophylie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofil%C3%A9tico" title="Monofilético – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monofilético" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B5%B0" title="단계통군 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단계통군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="एकवर्गी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एकवर्गी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofili" title="Monofili – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monofili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophylia" title="Monophylia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Monophylia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofilia" title="Monofilia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monofilia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מונופילטיות – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונופילטיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монофилия – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монофилия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofylie" title="Monofylie – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Monofylie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletikus_csoport" title="Monofiletikus csoport – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monofiletikus csoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofili" title="Monofili – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Monofili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofyletische_groep" title="Monofyletische groep – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monofyletische groep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%BE%A4" title="単系統群 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単系統群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takson_monofiletyczny" title="Takson monofiletyczny – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Takson monofiletyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofilia" title="Monofilia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monofilia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монофилия – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монофилия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophylie" title="Monophylie – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Monophylie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monophyly" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofilija" title="Monofilija – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Monofilija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletska_evolucija" title="Monofiletska evolucija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Monofiletska evolucija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒற்றைத்தொகுதிமரபு உயிரினத் தோற்றம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒற்றைத்தொகுதிமரபு உயிரினத் தோற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aynaz%C9%A3er" title="Aynazɣer – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aynazɣer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofili" title="Monofili – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Monofili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Монофілія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монофілія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%A1n_ng%C3%A0nh" title="Đơn ngành – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đơn ngành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monofiletike" title="Monofiletike – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Monofiletike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="單系群 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="單系群" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%B3%BB" title="单系 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="单系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q210958#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Monofyletisk_gruppe" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Monophyletic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Monophyletic.svg/300px-Monophyletic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Monophyletic.svg/450px-Monophyletic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Monophyletic.svg/600px-Monophyletic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Krypdyr" title="Krypdyr">Krypdyra</a> vert ei monofyletisk gruppe viss me inkluderer <a href="/wiki/Fugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugl">fuglane</a> i ho.</figcaption></figure><p> Ei <b>monofyletisk</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a>, <i>monos</i> = ein og <i>fylos</i> = rase) eller <b>holofyletisk</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a>, <i>holos</i> = heil og <i>fylos</i> = rase) <b>gruppe</b> er ei <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_gruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologisk gruppe">biologisk gruppe</a> som består av alle etterkommarane til ein felles stamfar. Dette står i motsetnad til <a href="/wiki/Parafyletiske_grupper" class="mw-redirect" title="Parafyletiske grupper">parafyletiske grupper</a> og <a href="/wiki/Polyfyletiske_grupper" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyfyletiske grupper">polyfyletiske grupper</a>.</p><div class="spire" style="clear: both;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:P_biology.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Spire"><img alt="Spire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/P_biology.png/20px-P_biology.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/P_biology.png/30px-P_biology.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/P_biology.png/40px-P_biology.png 2x" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> Denne <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Biologispirer" title="Kategori:Biologispirer">biologiartikkelen</a> er ei <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a></b>. 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