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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage_and_personal_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage_and_personal_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Stage and personal appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage_and_personal_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ed_Wood_and_final_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ed_Wood_and_final_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Ed Wood and final projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ed_Wood_and_final_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California_Supreme_Court_decision_on_personality_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_Supreme_Court_decision_on_personality_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 California Supreme Court decision on personality rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_Supreme_Court_decision_on_personality_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bela Lugosi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بيلا لوغوسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيلا لوغوسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Luqo%C5%9Fi" title="Bela Luqoşi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bela Luqoşi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بلا لاقوسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلا لاقوسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Бела Лугоши – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бела Лугоши" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B9" title="Μπέλα Λουγκόζι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέλα Λουγκόζι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بلا لوگوسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلا لوگوسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A3%A8%EA%B3%A0%EC%8B%9C" title="벨라 루고시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨라 루고시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%AB" title="Բելա Լուգոշի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելա Լուգոշի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99" title="בלה לוגוסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלה לוגוסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ბელა ლუგოში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბელა ლუგოში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93la_Lugosi" title="Bēla Lugosi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bēla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la" title="Lugosi Béla – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lugosi Béla" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Бела Лугоши – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бела Лугоши" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="بيلا لوجوسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيلا لوجوسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B7" title="ベラ・ルゴシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベラ・ルゴシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Лугоши, Бела – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лугоши, Бела" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Бела Лугоси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бела Лугоси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Lugosi" title="Béla Lugosi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Béla Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%96" title="Бела Лугоші – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бела Лугоші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bela Lugosi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hungarian-American actor (1882–1956)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The native form of this <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> is Lugosi Béla. This article uses <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> when mentioning individuals.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bela Lugosi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_fortepan_14652_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="944" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Lugosi <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1912</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó</div> (1882-10-20)October 20, 1882 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lugoj" title="Lugoj">Lugos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1867%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 16, 1956(1956-08-16) (aged 73) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Cemetery,_Culver_City" title="Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City">Holy Cross Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Arisztid Olt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Actor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1902–1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ilona Szmick</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1917; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1920)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ilona von Montagh</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1921; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1925)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Beatrice Woodruff Weeks</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1929; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1929)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lillian Arch</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1933; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1953)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Hope Lininger</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1955)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bela_G._Lugosi" title="Bela G. Lugosi">Bela George Lugosi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belalugosi.com">belalugosi.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg/150px-Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg/225px-Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg/300px-Bela_Lugosi_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="221" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Hungarian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈbeːlɒ ˈfɛrɛnt͡s ˈdɛʒøː ˈblɒʃkoː]</a>; October 20, 1882 – August 16, 1956), known professionally as Bela Lugosi (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ləˈɡoʊsi/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">lə-GOH-see</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Hungarian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈluɡoʃi]</a>), was a <a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian–American">Hungarian–American</a> actor. He was best remembered for portraying <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a> in the horror film classic <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a> (1931), Ygor in <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Frankenstein" title="Son of Frankenstein">Son of Frankenstein</a> (1939) and his roles in many other <a href="/wiki/Horror_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror films">horror films</a> from 1931 through 1956.<a href="#cite_note-obit-1">[1]</a> Lugosi began acting on the Hungarian stage in 1902. After playing in 172 productions in his native Hungary, Lugosi moved on to appear in Hungarian silent films in 1917. He had to suddenly emigrate to Germany after <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">the failed Hungarian Communist Revolution of 1919</a> because of his former socialist activities (organizing a stage actors' union), leaving his first wife in the process. He acted in several films in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Weimar Germany">Weimar Germany</a>, before arriving in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> as a seaman on a merchant ship, then making his way north to New York City and Ellis Island. In 1927, he starred as Count Dracula in a Broadway adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">novel</a>, moving with the play to the West Coast in 1928 and settling down in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_2007-2">[2]</a> He later starred in the 1931 film version of Dracula directed by <a href="/wiki/Tod_Browning" title="Tod Browning">Tod Browning</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>. Through the 1930s, he occupied an important niche in horror films, but his notoriety as Dracula and thick Hungarian accent greatly limited the roles offered to him, and he unsuccessfully tried for years to avoid <a href="/wiki/Typecasting" title="Typecasting">typecasting</a>. He co-starred in a number of films with <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a>, who was able to demand top billing. To his frustration, Lugosi, a <a href="/wiki/Charter_member" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter member">charter member</a> of the American <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>, was increasingly restricted to mad scientist roles because of his inability to speak English more clearly. He was kept employed by the studios principally so that they could put his name on the posters. Among his teamings with Karloff, he performed major roles only in <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Cat_(1934_film)" title="The Black Cat (1934 film)">The Black Cat</a> (1934), <a href="/wiki/The_Raven_(1935_film)" title="The Raven (1935 film)">The Raven</a> (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939); even in The Raven, Karloff received top billing despite Lugosi performing the lead role. By this time, Lugosi had been receiving regular medication for <a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">sciatic neuritis</a>, and he became addicted to doctor-prescribed <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a>. This drug dependence (and his gradually worsening alcoholism) was becoming apparent to producers, and after 1948's <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a>, the offers dwindled to parts in low-budget films; some of these were directed by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Ed Wood</a>, including a brief appearance in Wood's <a href="/wiki/Plan_9_from_Outer_Space" title="Plan 9 from Outer Space">Plan 9 from Outer Space</a> (released posthumously in 1957).<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21-3">[3]</a> Lugosi married five times and had one son, <a href="/wiki/Bela_G._Lugosi" title="Bela G. Lugosi">Bela G. Lugosi</a> (with his fourth wife, Lillian).<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg/170px-Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg/255px-Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg/340px-Bela_Lugosi_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi at age 18</figcaption></figure> Lugosi, the youngest of four children,<a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a> was born Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó in 1882 in Lugos, Kingdom of Hungary (now <a href="/wiki/Lugoj" title="Lugoj">Lugoj</a>, Romania) to Hungarian father István Blaskó, a baker who later became a banker,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and Serbian-born mother Paula de Vojnich.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> He was raised in a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> family.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> At the age of 12, Lugosi dropped out of school and left home to work at a succession of manual labor jobs.<a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a> His father died during his absence. He began his stage acting career in 1902.<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_p._21-8">[8]</a> His earliest known performances are from provincial theatres in the 1903–04 season, playing small roles in several plays and <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operettas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_p._21-8">[8]</a> He took the last name "Lugosi" in 1903 to honor his birthplace,<a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and went on to perform in <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespearean</a> plays. After moving to <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> in 1911, he played dozens of roles with the National Theatre of Hungary between 1913 and 1919. Although Lugosi would later claim that he "became the leading actor of Hungary's Royal National Theatre", many of his roles there were small or supporting parts, which led him to enter the Hungarian film industry.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he served as an <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> officer in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a> Imperial and Royal 43rd Infantry Regiment<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> from 1914 to 1916, with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Rank_insignia_of_the_Austro-Hungarian_armed_forces#Officers_and_officials" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank insignia of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces">lieutenant</a>. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Wound_Medal_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Wound Medal (Austria-Hungary)">Wound Medal</a> for wounds he sustained while serving on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Russian front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a> Returning to civilian life, Lugosi became an actor in Hungarian silent films, appearing in many of them under the stage name "Arisztid Olt". Due to his activism in the actors' union in Hungary during the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">revolution of 1919</a> and his active participation in the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> he was forced to flee his homeland when the government changed hands, initially accompanied by his first wife Ilona Szmik.<a href="#cite_note-Lugosi_1976-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a> They escaped to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> before settling in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (in the Langestrasse), where he began acting in German silent films. During these moves, Ilona lost her unborn child,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> after which she left Lugosi and returned home to her parents where she filed for divorce, and soon after remarried.<a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a> Lugosi eventually travelled to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, in December 1920 working as a crewman aboard a <a href="/wiki/Merchant_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant vessel">merchant ship</a>, then made his way north to New York City, where he again took up acting in (and sometimes directing) stage plays in 1921–1922, then worked in the New York silent film industry from 1923 to 1926. In 1921, he met and married his second wife, Ilona von Montagh, a young Hungarian emigree and stage actress whom he had worked with years before in Europe. They only lived together for a few weeks, but their divorce took until October 1925 to be finalized.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> He later moved to California in 1928 to tour in the Dracula stage play, and his Hollywood film career took off. Lugosi claimed he performed the Dracula play around 1,000 times during his lifetime. He eventually became a U.S. citizen in 1931, soon after the release of his film version of Dracula.<a href="#cite_note-Lugosi_1976-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi_filmography" title="Bela Lugosi filmography">Bela Lugosi filmography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_films">Early films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early films">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg/170px-Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg/255px-Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg/340px-Bela_Lugosi_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>Bela Lugosi in 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg/170px-Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg/255px-Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg/340px-Bela_Lugosi_-_Mar_1923_Shadowland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi in Shadowland Magazine, 1923</figcaption></figure> Lugosi's first film appearance was in the 1917 Hungarian silent film <a href="/wiki/Leoni_Leo" title="Leoni Leo">Leoni Leo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_2007-2">[2]</a> When appearing in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungarian</a> silent films, he mostly used the stage name Arisztid Olt.<a href="#cite_note-mank-16">[16]</a> Lugosi made at least 10 films in Hungary between 1917 and 1918 before leaving for Germany. Following the collapse of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a> in 1919, <a href="/wiki/Political_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Political left">leftists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unionists</a> became vulnerable, some being imprisoned or executed in public. Lugosi was proscribed from acting due to his participation in the formation of an actors' <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">union</a>. Exiled in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar</a>-era Germany, he co-starred in at least 14 German silent films in 1920, among them <a href="/wiki/Hypnose:_Sklaven_fremden_Willens" title="Hypnose: Sklaven fremden Willens">Hypnose: Sklaven fremden Willens</a> (1920), <a href="/wiki/Der_Januskopf" title="Der Januskopf">Der Januskopf</a> (1920) and an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karl May</a> novel <a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Death_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravan of Death (film)">Caravan of Death</a> (1920). Lugosi left Germany in October 1920, emigrating by ship to the United States, and entered the country at <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in December 1920. He made his way to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and was inspected by immigration officers at <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> in March 1921.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He only declared his intention to become a <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">US citizen</a> in 1928; on June 26, 1931, he was <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> On his arrival in America, the 6-foot-1-inch (1.85 m),<a href="#cite_note-mank-16">[16]</a> 180-pound (82 kg) Lugosi worked for some time as a laborer, and then entered the theater in New York City's Hungarian immigrant colony. With fellow expatriate Hungarian actors he formed a small <a href="/wiki/Repertory" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertory">stock company</a> that toured Eastern cities, playing for immigrant audiences. Lugosi acted in several Hungarian language plays before starring in his first English <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> play, The Red Poppy in 1922.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Three more parts came in 1925–26, including a five-month run in the comedy-fantasy The Devil in the Cheese.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1925, he played an Arab Sheik in Arabesque which premiered in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a> at the Teck Theatre before moving to Broadway.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> His first American film role was in the silent melodrama <a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Command" title="The Silent Command">The Silent Command</a> (1923) which was filmed in New York. Four other silent roles followed, <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villains</a> and continental types, all in productions made in the New York area.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> A rumor has circulated for decades among film historians that Lugosi played an uncredited bit part as a clown in the first film produced by <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/He_Who_Gets_Slapped_(film)" title="He Who Gets Slapped (film)">He Who Gets Slapped</a> (1924) starring <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney" title="Lon Chaney">Lon Chaney</a>, but this has been heavily disputed. The rumor originated from the discovery of a publicity still from this film found posthumously in Lugosi's scrapbook, which showed an unidentified clown in heavy makeup standing near <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney" title="Lon Chaney">Lon Chaney</a> in one scene. It was thought to be evidence that Lugosi appeared in the film, but historians all agree that is very unlikely, since Lugosi was in both Chicago (appearing in a play called <a href="/wiki/The_Werewolf_(play)" title="The Werewolf (play)">The Werewolf</a>) and New York at the time that film was in production in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dracula">Dracula</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dracula">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula (1931 English-language film)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg/220px-Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg/330px-Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg/440px-Bela_Lugosi_as_Dracula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi as <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a> in 1931</figcaption></figure> Lugosi was approached in the summer of 1927 to star in a <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a> production of <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1924_play)" title="Dracula (1924 play)">Dracula</a>, which had been adapted by <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Deane" title="Hamilton Deane">Hamilton Deane</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_L._Balderston" title="John L. Balderston">John L. Balderston</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>'s 1897 <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dracula (novel)">novel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Horace_Liveright" title="Horace Liveright">Horace Liveright</a> production was successful, running in New York City for 261 performances before touring the United States to much fanfare and critical acclaim throughout 1928 and 1929. In 1928, Lugosi decided to stay in California when the play ended its first West Coast run. His performance had piqued the interest of <a href="/wiki/Fox_Film" title="Fox Film">Fox Film</a>, and he was cast in the Hollywood studio's silent film <a href="/wiki/The_Veiled_Woman" title="The Veiled Woman">The Veiled Woman</a> (1929). He also appeared in the film <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_(1929_film)" title="Prisoners (1929 film)">Prisoners</a> (also 1929), believed <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost</a>, which was released in both a silent and partial <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">talkie</a> version.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg/220px-Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg/330px-Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg/440px-Warner_Oland-B%C3%A9la_Lugosi_in_The_Black_Camel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi as the psychic Tarneverro, with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Oland" title="Warner Oland">Warner Oland</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Camel_(film)" title="The Black Camel (film)">The Black Camel</a> (1931)</figcaption></figure> In 1929, with no other film roles in sight, he returned to the stage as Dracula for a short West Coast tour of the play. Lugosi remained in California where he resumed his film work under contract with Fox, appearing in early talkies often as a <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">heavy</a> or an "exotic <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheik</a>". He also continued to lobby for his prized role in the film version of <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Despite his critically acclaimed performance on stage, Lugosi was not <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>' first choice for the role of Dracula when the company optioned the rights to the Deane play and began production in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-rumour-27">[a]</a> Different prominent actors, such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Muni" title="Paul Muni">Paul Muni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chester_Morris" title="Chester Morris">Chester Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Keith" title="Ian Keith">Ian Keith</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wray_(actor)" title="John Wray (actor)">John Wray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schildkraut" title="Joseph Schildkraut">Joseph Schildkraut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edmund_Carewe" title="Arthur Edmund Carewe">Arthur Edmund Carewe</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay_(actor)" title="William Courtenay (actor)">William Courtenay</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Carradine" title="John Carradine">John Carradine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Veidt" title="Conrad Veidt">Conrad Veidt</a> were considered. <a href="/wiki/Lew_Ayres" title="Lew Ayres">Lew Ayres</a> was eventually hired to play Jonathan Harker, only to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ames_(actor)" title="Robert Ames (actor)">Robert Ames</a> after being cast in a different role in a different Universal Pictures film. Ames was in turn replaced with David Manners.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Lugosi had played the role on Broadway,<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> and was considered before director <a href="/wiki/Tod_Browning" title="Tod Browning">Tod Browning</a> cast him in the role. The film was a major hit, but Lugosi was paid a salary of only $3,500, since he had too eagerly accepted the role.<a href="#cite_note-Lugosi_1976-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typecasting">Typecasting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Typecasting">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png/220px-TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png/330px-TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png/440px-TheRavenlobbycardCrop002.png 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a> and Bela Lugosi in <a href="/wiki/The_Raven_(1935_film)" title="The Raven (1935 film)">The Raven</a> (1935)</figcaption></figure> Through his association with <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a> (in which he appeared with minimal makeup, using his natural, heavily accented voice), Lugosi found himself <a href="/wiki/Typecasting_(acting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typecasting (acting)">typecast</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror</a> villain in films such as <a href="/wiki/Murders_in_the_Rue_Morgue_(1932_film)" title="Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932 film)">Murders in the Rue Morgue</a> (1932), The Black Cat (1934) and <a href="/wiki/The_Raven_(1935_film)" title="The Raven (1935 film)">The Raven</a> (1935) for Universal, and the independent <a href="/wiki/White_Zombie_(film)" title="White Zombie (film)">White Zombie</a> (1932). His accent, while a part of his image, limited the type of role he could play.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Lugosi did attempt to break type by auditioning for other roles. He lost out to <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a> for the role of <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Grigori Rasputin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rasputin_and_the_Empress" title="Rasputin and the Empress">Rasputin and the Empress</a> (also 1932); <a href="/wiki/C._Henry_Gordon" title="C. Henry Gordon">C. Henry Gordon</a> for the role of Surat Khan in <a href="/wiki/The_Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade_(1936_film)" title="The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)">Charge of the Light Brigade</a> (1936), and <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> for the role of Commissar Dimitri Gorotchenko in <a href="/wiki/Tovarich_(film)" title="Tovarich (film)">Tovarich</a> (1937), a role Lugosi had played on stage.<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_In_Person-31">[30]</a> He played the elegant, somewhat hot-tempered General Nicholas Strenovsky-Petronovich in <a href="/wiki/International_House_(1933_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="International House (1933 film)">International House</a> (1933).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Regardless of controversy, five films at Universal – <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Cat_(1934_film)" title="The Black Cat (1934 film)">The Black Cat</a> (1934), <a href="/wiki/The_Raven_(1935_film)" title="The Raven (1935 film)">The Raven</a> (1935), <a href="/wiki/The_Invisible_Ray_(1936_film)" title="The Invisible Ray (1936 film)">The Invisible Ray</a> (1936), <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Frankenstein" title="Son of Frankenstein">Son of Frankenstein</a> (1939), <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1940_film)" title="Black Friday (1940 film)">Black Friday</a> (1940), plus minor cameo performances in <a href="/wiki/Gift_of_Gab_(1934_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gift of Gab (1934 film)">Gift of Gab</a> (1934) and two at <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Find_Out" title="You'll Find Out">You'll Find Out</a> (1940) and <a href="/wiki/The_Body_Snatcher_(1945_film)" title="The Body Snatcher (1945 film)">The Body Snatcher</a> (1945) – paired Lugosi with <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a>. Despite the relative size of their roles, Lugosi inevitably received second billing, below Karloff. There are contradictory reports of Lugosi's attitude toward Karloff, some claiming that he was openly resentful of Karloff's long-term success and ability to gain good roles beyond the horror arena, while others suggested the two actors were – for a time, at least – amicable. Karloff himself in interviews suggested that Lugosi was initially mistrustful of him when they acted together, believing that the Englishman would attempt to upstage him. When this proved not to be the case, according to Karloff, Lugosi settled down and they worked together amicably (though some have further commented that the English Karloff's on-set demand to break from filming for mid-afternoon tea annoyed Lugosi).<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Lugosi did get a few heroic leads, as in Universal's <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Cat_(1934_film)" title="The Black Cat (1934 film)">The Black Cat</a> after Karloff had been accorded the more colorful role of the villain, <a href="/wiki/The_Invisible_Ray_(1936_film)" title="The Invisible Ray (1936 film)">The Invisible Ray</a>, and a romantic role in producer <a href="/wiki/Sol_Lesser" title="Sol Lesser">Sol Lesser</a>'s adventure serial <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Chandu" title="The Return of Chandu">The Return of Chandu</a> (1934), but his typecasting problem appears to have been too entrenched to be alleviated by those films.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Lugosi addressed his plea to be cast in non-horror roles directly to casting directors through his listing in the 1937 Players Directory, published by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>, in which he (or his agent) calls the idea that he is only fit for horror films "an error."<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_decline">Career decline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career decline">edit</a>]</div> Lugosi developed severe, chronic <a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">sciatica</a>, ostensibly aggravated by injuries received during his military service. Though at first he was treated with benign pain remedies such as <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a> juice, doctors increased the medication to <a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">opiates</a>. The growth of his dependence on opiates, particularly <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> and (after 1947, when it became available in America) <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a>, was directly proportional to the dwindling of Lugosi's screen offers. The problem first manifested itself in 1937, when Lugosi was forced to withdraw from a leading role in a serial production, <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Treasure_Island" title="The Secret of Treasure Island">The Secret of Treasure Island</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> due to constant back pain. Historian John McElwee reports, in his 2013 book Showmen, Sell It Hot!, that Bela Lugosi's popularity received a much-needed boost in August 1938, when California theater owner Emil Umann revived Dracula and Frankenstein as a special double feature. The combination was so successful that Umann scheduled extra shows to accommodate the capacity crowds, and invited Lugosi to appear in person, which thrilled new audiences that had never seen Lugosi's classic performance. "I owe it all to that little man at the Regina Theatre," said Lugosi of exhibitor Umann. "I was dead, and he brought me back to life."<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Universal took notice of the tremendous business and launched its own national re-release of the same two horror favorites. The studio then rehired Lugosi to star in new films, fortunately just as Lugosi's fourth wife had given birth to a son. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg/220px-Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg/330px-Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg/440px-Son-of-frankensteinCropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a> as <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> as Dr. Frankenstein's son, and Lugosi as Ygor in <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Frankenstein" title="Son of Frankenstein">Son of Frankenstein</a> (1939)</figcaption></figure> Universal cast Lugosi in <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Frankenstein" title="Son of Frankenstein">Son of Frankenstein</a> (1939), appearing in the character role of Ygor, a mad blacksmith with a broken neck, in heavy makeup and beard. Lugosi was third-billed with his name above the title alongside <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> as Dr. Frankenstein's son and Boris Karloff reprising his role as <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a>. Regarding Son of Frankenstein, the film's director <a href="/wiki/Rowland_V._Lee" title="Rowland V. Lee">Rowland V. Lee</a> said his crew let Lugosi "work on the characterization; the interpretation he gave us was imaginative and totally unexpected ... when we finished shooting, there was no doubt in anyone's mind that he stole the show. Karloff's monster was weak by comparison."<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The same year saw Lugosi making a rare appearance in an A-list motion picture: he was a stern Soviet commissar in the <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> romantic comedy <a href="/wiki/Ninotchka" title="Ninotchka">Ninotchka</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a>. Lugosi was quite effective in this small but prestigious character part and even received top billing among the film's supporting cast, all of whom had significantly larger roles. It might have been a turning point for the actor, but within the year he was back on Hollywood's Poverty Row, playing leads for <a href="/wiki/Sam_Katzman" title="Sam Katzman">Sam Katzman</a>; the producer was then releasing through <a href="/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a>. At Universal, Bela Lugosi was usually cast for his name value; he often received star billing for what amounted to a supporting part. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Gorilla_(1939)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_Gorilla_%281939%29_1.jpg/220px-The_Gorilla_%281939%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_Gorilla_%281939%29_1.jpg/330px-The_Gorilla_%281939%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_Gorilla_%281939%29_1.jpg/440px-The_Gorilla_%281939%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi as a butler in The Gorilla (1939)</figcaption></figure> Lugosi went to <a href="/wiki/20th_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century-Fox">20th Century-Fox</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Gorilla_(1939_film)" title="The Gorilla (1939 film)">The Gorilla</a> (1939), which had him playing straight man (a butler) to <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Kelly" title="Patsy Kelly">Patsy Kelly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ritz_Brothers" title="Ritz Brothers">Ritz Brothers</a>. When Lugosi's <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1940_film)" title="Black Friday (1940 film)">Black Friday</a> premiered in 1940 on a double bill with the <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a> film <a href="/wiki/The_House_of_the_Seven_Gables_(film)" title="The House of the Seven Gables (film)">The House of the Seven Gables</a>, Lugosi and Price both appeared in person at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Theatre" title="Chicago Theatre">Chicago Theatre</a> where it opened on Feb. 29, 1940 and remained for four performances.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> He was finally cast in the role of <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a> for Universal's <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Meets_the_Wolf_Man" title="Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man">Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man</a> (1943). (At the end of the previous film in the series, <a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_of_Frankenstein" title="The Ghost of Frankenstein">The Ghost of Frankenstein</a> (1942), Lugosi's voice had been dubbed over that of <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney_Jr." title="Lon Chaney Jr.">Lon Chaney Jr.</a> since Ygor's brain was now in the Monster's skull.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a>) But at the last minute, Lugosi's heavily accented dialogue was edited out after the film was completed, along with the idea of the Monster being blind, leaving his performance featuring groping, outstretched arms and moving lips seeming enigmatic (and funny) to audiences. Lugosi kept busy during the 1940s as a screen menace. In addition to his nine Monogram features, he worked in three features for <a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO</a> and one for Columbia (<a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Vampire" title="The Return of the Vampire">The Return of the Vampire</a>, 1943). He also accepted the lead in an experimental, economical feature, shot in the semi-professional 16mm film format and blown up to 35mm for theatrical release, <a href="/wiki/Scared_to_Death_(1947_film)" title="Scared to Death (1947 film)">Scared to Death</a> (completed April 1946,<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> released June 1947). The feature is noteworthy as being Bela Lugosi's only color film. Lugosi played Dracula for a second and final time on film in <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a> (1948), which was his last "A" movie. For the remainder of his life, he appeared – less and less frequently – in obscure, forgettable, low-budget B features. From 1947 to 1950, he performed in <a href="/wiki/Summer_stock_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer stock theatre">summer stock</a>, often in productions of Dracula or <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_(play)" title="Arsenic and Old Lace (play)">Arsenic and Old Lace</a>, and during the rest of the year, made personal appearances in a touring "spook show", and on early commercial television. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LugosiDevilBat5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/LugosiDevilBat5.jpg/220px-LugosiDevilBat5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/LugosiDevilBat5.jpg/330px-LugosiDevilBat5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/LugosiDevilBat5.jpg/440px-LugosiDevilBat5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi in <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Bat" title="The Devil Bat">The Devil Bat</a> (1940)</figcaption></figure> In September 1949, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Berle" title="Milton Berle">Milton Berle</a> invited Lugosi to appear in a sketch on <a href="/wiki/Texaco_Star_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Texaco Star Theatre">Texaco Star Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Lugosi memorized the script for the skit, but became confused on the air when Berle began to ad lib.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> He also appeared on the anthology series <a href="/wiki/Suspense_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspense (U.S. TV series)">Suspense</a> on October 11, 1949, in a live adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Cask_of_Amontillado" title="The Cask of Amontillado">The Cask of Amontillado</a>".<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> In 1951, while in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> to play a six-month tour of Dracula, Lugosi co-starred in a <a href="/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">lowbrow</a> film comedy, <a href="/wiki/Mother_Riley_Meets_the_Vampire" title="Mother Riley Meets the Vampire">Mother Riley Meets the Vampire</a> (also known as Vampire Over London and My Son, the Vampire), released the following year. Following his return to the United States, he was interviewed for television, and reflected wistfully on his typecasting in horror parts: "Now I am the <a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">boogie man</a>". In the same interview, he expressed a desire to play more comedy, as he had in the Mother Riley <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farce</a>. Independent producer <a href="/wiki/Jack_Broder" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Broder">Jack Broder</a> took Lugosi at his word, casting him in a jungle-themed comedy, <a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi_Meets_a_Brooklyn_Gorilla" title="Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla">Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla</a> (1952), starring nightclub comedians <a href="/wiki/Duke_Mitchell" title="Duke Mitchell">Duke Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> <a href="/wiki/Look-alike" title="Look-alike">look-alike</a> <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Petrillo" title="Sammy Petrillo">Sammy Petrillo</a>, whose act closely resembled that of <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> and Jerry Lewis (<a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Martin and Lewis</a>). <a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a>, Martin and Lewis's producer, unsuccessfully sued Broder. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage_and_personal_appearances">Stage and personal appearances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stage and personal appearances">edit</a>]</div> Lugosi enjoyed a lively career on stage, with plenty of personal appearances. As film offers declined, he became more and more dependent on live venues to support his family. Lugosi took over the role of Jonathan Brewster from Boris Karloff for <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_(play)" title="Arsenic and Old Lace (play)">Arsenic and Old Lace</a>. Lugosi had also expressed interest in playing Elwood P. Dowd in <a href="/wiki/Harvey_(play)" title="Harvey (play)">Harvey</a> to help himself professionally. He also made plenty of personal live appearances to promote his horror image or an accompanying film.<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_In_Person-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a> film, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wax_(1953_film)" title="House of Wax (1953 film)">House of Wax</a> premiered in Los Angeles at the Paramount Theatre on April 16, 1953. The film played at midnight with a number of celebrities in the audience that night (<a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Allen" title="Gracie Allen">Gracie Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Winters" title="Shelley Winters">Shelley Winters</a> and others). Producer <a href="/wiki/Alex_Gordon_(writer-producer)" title="Alex Gordon (writer-producer)">Alex Gordon</a>, knowing Lugosi was in dire need of cash, arranged for the actor to stand outside the theater wearing a cape and dark glasses, holding a man costumed as a gorilla on a leash. He later allowed himself to be photographed drinking a glass of milk at a <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> booth there. When Lugosi playfully attempted to bite the "nurse" in attendance, she overreacted and spilled a glass of milk all over his shirt and cape. Afterward, Lugosi was interviewed by a reporter who botched the interview by asking the prearranged questions out of order, thoroughly confusing the aging star. Embarrassed, Lugosi left abruptly, without attending the screening.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ed_Wood_and_final_projects">Ed Wood and final projects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ed Wood and final projects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlanNine_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PlanNine_08.jpg/220px-PlanNine_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PlanNine_08.jpg/330px-PlanNine_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PlanNine_08.jpg/440px-PlanNine_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi in Ed Wood's <a href="/wiki/Plan_9_from_Outer_Space" title="Plan 9 from Outer Space">Plan 9 from Outer Space</a> (1959)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg/220px-Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg/330px-Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg/440px-Bride_of_the_Monster_photo_-_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tor_Johnson" title="Tor Johnson">Tor Johnson</a> and Lugosi in <a href="/wiki/Bride_of_the_Monster" title="Bride of the Monster">Bride of the Monster</a> (1956)</figcaption></figure> Late in his life, Bela Lugosi again received star billing in films when the ambitious but financially limited filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Ed Wood</a>, a fan of Lugosi, found him living in obscurity and near-poverty and offered him roles in his films, such as an anonymous narrator in <a href="/wiki/Glen_or_Glenda" title="Glen or Glenda">Glen or Glenda</a> (1953) and a <a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">mad scientist</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bride_of_the_Monster" title="Bride of the Monster">Bride of the Monster</a> (1955). During <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a> of the latter, Lugosi decided to seek treatment for his <a href="/wiki/Drug_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug addiction">drug addiction</a>, and the film's premiere was arranged to raise money for Lugosi's hospital expenses (resulting in a paltry amount of money). According to <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Kelley" title="Kitty Kelley">Kitty Kelley</a>'s biography of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, when the entertainer heard of Lugosi's problems, he visited Lugosi at the hospital and gave him a $1,000 check. Sinatra would recall Lugosi's amazement at his visit, since the two men had never met before.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> During an impromptu interview upon his release from the treatment center in 1955, Lugosi stated that he was about to begin work on a new Ed Wood film called The Ghoul Goes West. This was one of several projects proposed by Wood, including The Phantom Ghoul and Dr. Acula. With Lugosi in his Dracula cape, Wood shot impromptu test footage, with no particular storyline in mind, in front of <a href="/wiki/Tor_Johnson" title="Tor Johnson">Tor Johnson</a>'s home, at a suburban graveyard, and in front of Lugosi's apartment building on Carlton Way. This footage ended up posthumously in Wood's <a href="/wiki/Plan_9_from_Outer_Space" title="Plan 9 from Outer Space">Plan 9 from Outer Space</a> (1957<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a>), which was filmed in 1956 soon after Lugosi died. Wood hired <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mason_(actor,_born_1920)" title="Tom Mason (actor, born 1920)">Tom Mason</a>, his wife's <a href="/wiki/Chiropractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiropractor">chiropractor</a>, to double for Lugosi in additional shots.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Mason was noticeably taller and thinner than Lugosi, and had the lower half of his face covered with his cape in every shot, as Lugosi sometimes did in <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a>. Following his treatment, Lugosi made one final film, in late 1955, <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Sleep" title="The Black Sleep">The Black Sleep</a>, for Bel-Air Pictures, which was released in the summer of 1956 through <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> with a promotional campaign that included several personal appearances by Lugosi and his co-stars, as well as <a href="/wiki/Maila_Nurmi" title="Maila Nurmi">Maila Nurmi</a> (TV's horror host "Vampira"). To Lugosi's disappointment, however, his role in this film was that of a <a href="/wiki/Muteness" title="Muteness">mute</a> butler with no dialogue. Lugosi was intoxicated and very ill during the film's promotional campaign and had to return to L.A. earlier than planned. He never got to see the finished film. Tor Johnson said in interviews that Lugosi kept screaming that he wanted to die the night they shared a hotel room together.<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi:_Dreams_and_Nightmares-48">[47]</a> In 1959, a British film called Lock Up Your Daughters was theatrically released (in the U.K.), composed of clips from Bela Lugosi's Monogram pictures from the 1940s. The film is lost today, but a March 16, 1959, critical review in the Kinematograph Weekly mentioned that the movie contained new Lugosi footage (intriguing since Lugosi had died in 1956). Back in 1950 however, Lugosi had appeared on a one-hour TV program called Murder and Bela Lugosi (which WPIX-TV broadcast on Sept. 18, 1950) in which Lugosi was interviewed and provided commentary about a number of his old horror films while clips from the films were being shown; historian Gary Rhodes thinks some of this Lugosi TV production found its way into the 1959 British film, which would finally explain the mystery.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge,_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge%2C_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg/220px-Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge%2C_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge%2C_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg/330px-Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge%2C_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge%2C_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg/440px-Lugosi_B%C3%A9la_sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1v%C3%A9sz_%C3%A9s_els%C5%91_feles%C3%A9ge%2C_Szmik_Ilona._Fortepan_8777.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3612" data-file-height="2937" /></a><figcaption>With first wife Ilona Szmik, 1917</figcaption></figure> Lugosi repeatedly married. In June 1917, Lugosi married 19-year-old Ilona Szmik (1898–1991) in Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._68-51">[50]</a> The couple divorced after Lugosi was forced to flee his homeland for political reasons (risking execution if he stayed) and Ilona did not wish to leave her parents. The divorce became final on July 17, 1920, and was uncontested as Lugosi could not show up for the proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21-3">[3]</a> (Szmik then married wealthy Hungarian architect Imre Francsek in December 1920, moved with him to Iran in 1930, had two children, and died in 1991.)<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> After living briefly in Germany, Lugosi left Europe by ship and arrived in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> on October 27, 1920, and, after making his way north, underwent his primary alien inspection at Ellis Island, N.Y. on March 23, 1921. In September 1921, he married Hungarian actress Ilona von Montagh in New York City, and she filed for divorce on November 11, 1924, charging him with adultery and complaining that he wanted her to abandon her acting career to keep house for him.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> The divorce became final in October, 1925. (Lugosi learned in 1935 that von Montagh and a female friend were both arrested for shoplifting in New York City, which was the last he heard of her.).<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Lugosi took his place in Hollywood society and scandal when he married wealthy <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> resident Beatrice Woodruff Weeks (1897–1931), widow of <a href="/wiki/Weeks_and_Day" title="Weeks and Day">architect Charles Peter Weeks</a>, on July 27, 1929. Weeks subsequently filed for divorce on November 4, 1929, accusing Lugosi of infidelity, citing actress <a href="/wiki/Clara_Bow" title="Clara Bow">Clara Bow</a> as the "other woman", and claimed Lugosi tried to take her checkbook and the key to her safe deposit box away from her. She even claimed he slapped her in the face one night because she ate a pork chop he had hidden in their refrigerator. Lugosi complained of her excessive drinking and dancing with other men at social gatherings. The divorce became official on December 9, 1929. (Weeks died 17 months later (at age 34) from alcoholism in Panama, Lugosi never receiving a penny from her fortune.) On June 26, 1931, Lugosi became a naturalized United States citizen.<a href="#cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._68-51">[50]</a> In 1933, the 51-year-old Lugosi married 22-year-old Lillian Arch (1911–1981), the daughter of Hungarian immigrants living in Hollywood. Lillian's father was against her marriage to Lugosi at first as the actor was experiencing financial difficulties at the time, so Bela talked her into eloping with him to Las Vegas in January 1933.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> They remained married for 20 years and they had a child, <a href="/wiki/Bela_G._Lugosi" title="Bela G. Lugosi">Bela G. Lugosi</a>, in 1938. (Bela eventually had four grandchildren (Greg, Jeff, Tim, and Lynne) and seven great-grandchildren,<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> although he did not live long enough to meet any of them.)<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Lillian and Bela vacationed on their lakeshore property in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Elsinore,_California" title="Lake Elsinore, California">Lake Elsinore, California</a> (then called Elsinore), on several lots between 1944 and 1953. Lillian's parents lived on one of their properties, and Lugosi frequented the health spa there. Bela Lugosi Jr. was boarded at the Elsinore Naval and Military School in Lake Elsinore, and also lived with Lillian's parents while she and Bela were touring. After almost breaking up their marriage in 1944, Lillian and Bela finally divorced on July 17, 1953,<a href="#cite_note-arch-58">[57]</a> at least partially because of Bela's excessive drinking<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_2007-2">[2]</a> and his jealousy over Lillian taking a full-time job as an assistant to actor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Donlevy" title="Brian Donlevy">Brian Donlevy</a> on Donlevy's radio and television series <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Assignment" title="Dangerous Assignment">Dangerous Assignment</a>. Lillian obtained custody of their son Bela Jr.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Lugosi called the police one night after Lillian left him and threatened to commit suicide, but when the police showed up at his apartment, he denied making the call.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a>(Lillian eventually did marry Brian Donlevy in 1966, by which time he had also become an alcoholic, and she died in 1981.)<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Lugosi married Hope Lininger, his fifth wife, in 1955; she was 37 years his junior. She had been a fan, writing letters to him when he was in the hospital recovering from his drug addiction. She would sign her letters "A dash of Hope". They remained married until his death in 1956. However Bela and Hope were actually discussing getting divorced before he died.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG/220px-Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG/330px-Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG/440px-Bela_Lugosi%27s_grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Lugosi's grave at <a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Cemetery,_Culver_City" title="Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City">Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City</a>, California</figcaption></figure> Lugosi died of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> on August 16, 1956, in the bedroom of his <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> apartment while taking a nap. His wife, Hope, discovered him when she came home from work that evening, his apparently having died peacefully in his sleep around 6:45 p.m. according to the medical examiner<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_2007-2">[2]</a> at the age of 73.<a href="#cite_note-obit-1">[1]</a> The rumor that Lugosi was clutching the script for <a href="/wiki/Final_Curtain_(film)" title="Final Curtain (film)">The Final Curtain</a>, a planned <a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Ed Wood</a> project, at the time of his death is not true.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Lugosi was buried wearing one of the "Dracula" capes and his full costume as well as his Dracula ring in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Cemetery,_Culver_City" title="Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City">Holy Cross Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>. Contrary to popular belief, Lugosi never requested to be buried in his cloak; <a href="/wiki/Bela_G._Lugosi" title="Bela G. Lugosi">Bela G. Lugosi</a> confirmed on numerous occasions that he and his mother, Lillian, made the decision but believed that it is what his father would have wanted.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> The funeral was held on Saturday, August 18 at the Utter-McKinley funeral home in Hollywood. Attendees in addition to immediate family included former wife of 20 years Lillian, <a href="/wiki/Forrest_J._Ackerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Forrest J. Ackerman">Forrest J. Ackerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Ed Wood</a> (pall bearer), <a href="/wiki/Tor_Johnson" title="Tor Johnson">Tor Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Brooks" title="Conrad Brooks">Conrad Brooks</a>, Richard Sheffield, Norma McCarty, Loretta King, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Marco" title="Paul Marco">Paul Marco</a> and actor George Becwar. Bela's fourth wife Lillian paid for the cemetery plot and stone (which was inscribed "Beloved Father"), while Hope Lugosi paid for the coffin and the funeral service. Lugosi's will left several inexpensive pieces of real estate in Elsinore and only $1,000 cash to his son, but since the will had been written on Jan. 12, 1954 (before Lugosi's fifth marriage), Bela Jr. had to share the thousand dollars evenly with Hope Lugosi. Hope later gave most of Lugosi's personal belongings and memorabilia to Bela's young neighborhood friend Richard Sheffield, who gave Lugosi's duplicate Dracula cape to Bela Jr. and sold some of the other items to Forrest J. Ackerman. Hope told Sheffield she had searched the apartment for several days looking for $3,000 she suspected Lugosi had hidden there, but she never found it. Sheffield said years later "Lugosi had probably spent it all on alcohol." Hope later moved to Hawaii, where she worked for many years as a caregiver in a leper colony.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Hope died in Hawaii in 1997, at age 78, having never remarried. Before her death, she gave several interviews to the fan press.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="California_Supreme_Court_decision_on_personality_rights">California Supreme Court decision on personality rights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: California Supreme Court decision on personality rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lugosi_v._Universal_Pictures" title="Lugosi v. Universal Pictures">Lugosi v. Universal Pictures</a></div> In 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Lugosi_v._Universal_Pictures" title="Lugosi v. Universal Pictures">Lugosi v. Universal Pictures</a> decision by the <a href="/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="California Supreme Court">California Supreme Court</a> held that Lugosi's <a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">personality rights</a> could not pass to his heirs, as a <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> would have. The court ruled that under California law, any rights of publicity, including the right to his image, terminated with Lugosi's death.<a href="#cite_note-ruling-69">[b]</a> Six years later the law was changed by the <a href="/wiki/California_Celebrities_Rights_Act" title="California Celebrities Rights Act">California Celebrities Rights Act</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> The cape Lugosi wore in <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a> (1931) was in the possession of his son until it was put up for auction in 2011. It was expected to sell for up to $2 million,<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> but has since been listed again by Bonhams in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" title="Academy Museum of Motion Pictures">Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</a> announced acquisition of the cape via partial donation from the Lugosi family.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In 2019 it was announced that the cape would be on display the following year.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>'s 1963 silkscreen The Kiss depicts Lugosi from <a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a> about to bite into the neck of co-star <a href="/wiki/Helen_Chandler" title="Helen Chandler">Helen Chandler</a>, who played <a href="/wiki/Mina_Harker" title="Mina Harker">Mina Harker</a>. A copy sold for $798,000 at <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> in May 2000.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> Lugosi was given a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 1960. His star is mentioned in "<a href="/wiki/Celluloid_Heroes" title="Celluloid Heroes">Celluloid Heroes</a>", a song performed by <a href="/wiki/The_Kinks" title="The Kinks">The Kinks</a> and written by their lead vocalist and principal songwriter, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Davies" title="Ray Davies">Ray Davies</a>. It appeared on their 1972 album <a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_in_Show-Biz" title="Everybody's in Show-Biz">Everybody's in Show-Biz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> In 1979, a song called "<a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi%27s_Dead" title="Bela Lugosi's Dead">Bela Lugosi's Dead</a>" was released by UK post-punk band <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_(band)" title="Bauhaus (band)">Bauhaus</a> and is a pioneering song in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a> genre. On choosing the topic of the song, the band's bassist <a href="/wiki/David_J" title="David J">David J</a> remarked "There was a season of old horror films on TV and I was telling Daniel about how much I loved them. The one that had been on the night before was Dracula [1931]. I was saying how Bela Lugosi was the quintessential Dracula, the elegant depiction of the character."<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> An episode of <a href="/wiki/Sledge_Hammer!" title="Sledge Hammer!">Sledge Hammer!</a> titled "Last of the Red Hot Vampires" was an homage to Bela Lugosi; at the end of the episode, it was dedicated to "Mr. Blasko".<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff are referenced in the Curtis Stigers' song "Sleeping with the Lights On", from the 1991 album Curtis Stigers. In <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood_(film)" title="Ed Wood (film)">Ed Wood</a>, Bela Lugosi is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a>, who received the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor</a> for the performance. According to <a href="/wiki/Bela_G._Lugosi" title="Bela G. Lugosi">Bela G. Lugosi</a> (his son), <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Ackerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Forrest Ackerman">Forrest Ackerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolores_Fuller" title="Dolores Fuller">Dolores Fuller</a> and Richard Sheffield, the film's portrayal of Lugosi is inaccurate: In real life, he never used profanity, did not hate Karloff, owned no small dogs, nor did he sleep in a coffin. Also Ed Wood did not meet Lugosi in a funeral parlor, but rather through <a href="/wiki/Alex_Gordon_(writer-producer)" title="Alex Gordon (writer-producer)">his roommate Alex Gordon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bela_Lugosi:_Dreams_and_Nightmares-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9ter_M%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Péter Müller (page does not exist)">Péter Müller</a>'s 1998 theatrical play Lugosi – the Shadow of the Vampire (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Lugosi – a vámpír árnyéka) is based on Lugosi's life, telling the story of his life as he became typecast as Dracula and as his drug addiction worsened.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> In the Hungarian production, directed by <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Szab%C3%B3" title="István Szabó">István Szabó</a>, Lugosi was played by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Darvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Darvas">Ivan Darvas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> broadcast There Are Such Things by <a href="/wiki/Steven_McNicoll" title="Steven McNicoll">Steven McNicoll</a> and Mark McDonnell. Focusing on Lugosi and his well-documented struggle to escape from the role that had typecast him, the play went on to receive the Hamilton Deane Award for best dramatic presentation from the Dracula Society in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg/170px-Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg/255px-Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg/340px-Budapest_Vajdahunyad_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Lugosi on <a href="/wiki/Vajdahunyad_Castle" title="Vajdahunyad Castle">Vajdahunyad Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary.</figcaption></figure> On July 19, 2003, German artist Hartmut Zech erected a bust of Lugosi on one of the corners of <a href="/wiki/Vajdahunyad_Castle" title="Vajdahunyad Castle">Vajdahunyad Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> The Ellis Island Immigration Museum in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> features a live 30-minute play that focuses on Lugosi's illegal entry into the country via New Orleans and his arrival at Ellis Island months later to enter the country legally.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> In 2013 the Hungarian electronic music band <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDagar_(band)" title="Žagar (band)">Žagar</a> recorded a song entitled "Mr. Lugosi", which contains a recording of the voice of Bela Lugosi. The song was a part of the Light Leaks record.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Paru_Itagaki" title="Paru Itagaki">Paru Itagaki</a>, the creator of the Japanese manga/anime <a href="/wiki/Beastars" title="Beastars">Beastars</a>, the main character <a href="/wiki/Legoshi" title="Legoshi">Legoshi</a> was inspired by Bela Lugosi (regarding the similar-sounding names).<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Legendary_Comics" title="Legendary Comics">Legendary Comics</a> published an adaptation of Bram Stoker's 1897 Dracula novel, which used the <a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">likeness</a> of Lugosi.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> A 2021 hardcover graphic novel depicting the life of Bela Lugosi was written and drawn by Koren Shadmi, entitled Lugosi: The Rise and Fall of Hollywood's Dracula.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rumour-27"><a href="#cite_ref-rumour_27-0">^</a> A persistent rumor asserts that director <a href="/wiki/Tod_Browning" title="Tod Browning">Tod Browning</a>'s long-time collaborator <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Lon Chaney, Sr.">Lon Chaney</a> was Universal's first choice for the role, and that Lugosi was chosen only due to Chaney's death from cancer shortly before production. While there is no question that Chaney would be anyone's first choice, Chaney had been under long-term contract to <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> since 1925, and had negotiated a lucrative new contract just before his death.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Chaney and Browning had worked together on several projects (including four of Chaney's final five releases), but Browning was only a last-minute choice to direct the movie version of Dracula after the death of director <a href="/wiki/Paul_Leni" title="Paul Leni">Paul Leni</a>, who had originally been slated to direct. </li> <li id="cite_note-ruling-69"><a href="#cite_ref-ruling_69-0">^</a> California's descendibility statute for rights of publicity, Civil Code Section 990, was enacted in 1988, and Lugosi's estate now licenses the commercial use of his name and image. The right of publicity in some states endures for 50, 70, 75 or 100 years past the death of the celebrity.<a href="#cite_note-findlaw-68">[67]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-obit-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-bela-lugosi-19560817-story.html">"From the Archives: Actor Bela Lugosi, Dracula of Screen, Succumbs After Heart Attack at 73"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. August 17, 1956. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=From+the+Archives%3A+Actor+Bela+Lugosi%2C+Dracula+of+Screen%2C+Succumbs+After+Heart+Attack+at+73&rft.date=1956-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-bela-lugosi-19560817-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_2007-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi_2007_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi_2007_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi_2007_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi_2007_2-3">d</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0977379817" title="Special:BookSources/0977379817">0977379817</a> (hardcover) </li> <li id="cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._21_3-2">c</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003, p. 21; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-monsters-universal-studios-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monsters-universal-studios_4-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilano,_Roy2006" class="citation book cs1">Milano, Roy (2006). Osborn, Jennifer (ed.). Monsters: A Celebration of the Classics from Universal Studios. New York: Del Ray Books, imprint of Random House, Inc. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0345486854" title="Special:BookSources/0345486854"><bdi>0345486854</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monsters%3A+A+Celebration+of+the+Classics+from+Universal+Studios&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Del+Ray+Books%2C+imprint+of+Random+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0345486854&rft.au=Milano%2C+Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> Referenced information is from an essay in the book written by his son Bela G. Lugosi. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Rhodes, Gary (1997). Lugosi: His Life in Films, on Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786402571" title="Special:BookSources/0786402571">0786402571</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> "United States Census, 1930", database with images, FamilySearch (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XCJB-Z61">https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XCJB-Z61</a> : accessed May 20, 2018), Bela Lugosi, Los Angeles (Districts 0001-0250), Los Angeles, California, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 47, sheet 9A, line 4, family 193, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002), roll 133; FHL microfilm 2,339,868. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1997" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, Gary (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aueo3mOrIKIC&pg=PA38">Lugosi: His Life in Films, on Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers</a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786402571" title="Special:BookSources/0786402571"><bdi>0786402571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lugosi%3A+His+Life+in+Films%2C+on+Stage%2C+and+in+the+Hearts+of+Horror+Lovers&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0786402571&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAueo3mOrIKIC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_p._21-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_p._21_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_p._21_8-1">b</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003, p. 21; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-franklin-ruehl-phd/halloween-facts-history-_b_1074357.html">"15 Intriguing Halloween-Related Factoids!"</a>. Huffington Post. November 3, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=15+Intriguing+Halloween-Related+Factoids%21&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fdr-franklin-ruehl-phd%2Fhalloween-facts-history-_b_1074357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003, pp. 25–26, 28–29; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.mult-kor.hu/drakula-a-lveszarokban-igy-harcolt-lugosi-bela-az-elso-vilaghaboruban-20181024">"Drakula a lövészárokban – így harcolt Lugosi Béla az első világháborúban"</a>. October 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drakula+a+l%C3%B6v%C3%A9sz%C3%A1rokban+%E2%80%93+%C3%ADgy+harcolt+Lugosi+B%C3%A9la+az+els%C5%91+vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BAban&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.mult-kor.hu%2Fdrakula-a-lveszarokban-igy-harcolt-lugosi-bela-az-elso-vilaghaboruban-20181024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhlenbeck2019" class="citation web cs1">Kuhlenbeck, Mike (March 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.workers.org/2019/03/41345/">"Béla Lugosi: actor, union leader, anti-fascist"</a>. Workers World. Retrieved March 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Workers+World&rft.atitle=B%C3%A9la+Lugosi%3A+actor%2C+union+leader%2C+anti-fascist&rft.date=2019-03-05&rft.aulast=Kuhlenbeck&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.workers.org%2F2019%2F03%2F41345%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lugosi_1976-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lugosi_1976_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lugosi_1976_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lugosi_1976_13-2">c</a> Lugosi: The Man Behind the Cape by Robert Cremer (1976) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0809281376" title="Special:BookSources/0809281376">0809281376</a> (hardcover) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. pg. 58. ISBN 0977379817 (hardcover) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. pg. 61. ISBN 0977379817 (hardcover) </li> <li id="cite_note-mank-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mank_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mank_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMank2009" class="citation book cs1">Mank, Gregory W. (2009). Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff : the expanded story of a haunting collaboration, with a complete filmography of their films together. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., Publishers. pp. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786434800" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786434800"><bdi>978-0786434800</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607553826">607553826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bela+Lugosi+and+Boris+Karloff+%3A+the+expanded+story+of+a+haunting+collaboration%2C+with+a+complete+filmography+of+their+films+together&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F607553826&rft.isbn=978-0786434800&rft.aulast=Mank&rft.aufirst=Gregory+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Passenger list of the S.S. Graf Tisza Istvan, port of New Orleans, December 4, 1920, with later notation. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Ancestry.com. Selected U.S. Naturalization Records – Original Documents, 1790–1974 (World Archives Project) [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, US: The Generations Network, Inc., 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkal2004" class="citation book cs1">Skal, David (2004). Hollywood Gothic. New York City: Faber and Faber Inc. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0571211586" title="Special:BookSources/978-0571211586"><bdi>978-0571211586</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Gothic&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0571211586&rft.aulast=Skal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=50322">Bela Lugosi profile</a>, ibdb.com; accessed November 1, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beladraculalugosi.wordpress.com/bela-lugosi-on-the-on-stage/">Bela Lugosi premieres in Buffalo, New York</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belalugosi.com/">"Bela Lugosi – The Official Site"</a>. Retrieved February 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bela+Lugosi+%E2%80%93+The+Official+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelalugosi.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Lugosi: The Man Behind the Cape by Robert Cremer (1976) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0809281376" title="Special:BookSources/0809281376">0809281376</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1997" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, Gary Don (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aueo3mOrIKIC&pg=PA169">"Stage Appearances"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>). Lugosi: his life in films, on stage, and in the hearts of horror lovers. McFarland. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786402571" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786402571"><bdi>978-0786402571</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stage+Appearances&rft.btitle=Lugosi%3A+his+life+in+films%2C+on+stage%2C+and+in+the+hearts+of+horror+lovers&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0786402571&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Gary+Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAueo3mOrIKIC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennig2010" class="citation book cs1">Lennig, Arthur (2010). The Immortal Count: The Life and Films of Bela Lugosil. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813126616" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813126616"><bdi>978-0813126616</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Immortal+Count%3A+The+Life+and+Films+of+Bela+Lugosil&rft.place=Lexington&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0813126616&rft.aulast=Lennig&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/why-bela-lugosi-is-the-ultimate-dracula/">"Why Bela Lugosi remains the ultimate Dracula"</a>. faroutmagazine.co.uk. October 20, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faroutmagazine.co.uk&rft.atitle=Why+Bela+Lugosi+remains+the+ultimate+Dracula&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaroutmagazine.co.uk%2Fwhy-bela-lugosi-is-the-ultimate-dracula%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/7690-DRACULA?sid=83831453-4303-4f31-820e-fa95601500cb&sr=21.99655&cp=1&pos=0">"Dracula"</a>. catalog.afi.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202065453/https://catalog.afi.com/Film/7690-DRACULA?sid=83831453-4303-4f31-820e-fa95601500cb&sr=21.99655&cp=1&pos=0">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=Dracula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F7690-DRACULA%3Fsid%3D83831453-4303-4f31-820e-fa95601500cb%26sr%3D21.99655%26cp%3D1%26pos%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoberman2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Hoberman" title="J. Hoberman">Hoberman, J.</a> (October 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/26/movies/homevideo/universal-classic-monsters-puts-horror-on-parade.html">"'Universal Classic Monsters' Puts Horror on Parade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Universal+Classic+Monsters%27+Puts+Horror+on+Parade&rft.date=2014-10-24&rft.aulast=Hoberman&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F10%2F26%2Fmovies%2Fhomevideo%2Funiversal-classic-monsters-puts-horror-on-parade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/84310/12-surprising-facts-about-bela-lugosi">"12 Surprising Facts About Bela Lugosi"</a>. August 16, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=12+Surprising+Facts+About+Bela+Lugosi&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F84310%2F12-surprising-facts-about-bela-lugosi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bela_Lugosi_In_Person-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi_In_Person_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi_In_Person_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaffenbergerRhodes2015" class="citation book cs1">Kaffenberger, Bill; Rhodes, Gary (2015). Bela Lugosi In Person. BearManor Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1593938055" title="Special:BookSources/978-1593938055"><bdi>978-1593938055</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bela+Lugosi+In+Person&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1593938055&rft.aulast=Kaffenberger&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Rhodes%2C+Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMank2009" class="citation book cs1">Mank, Gregory William (2009). Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff : the expanded story of a haunting collaboration, with a complete filmography of their films together. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., Publishers. pp. 237–238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786434800" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786434800"><bdi>978-0786434800</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bela+Lugosi+and+Boris+Karloff+%3A+the+expanded+story+of+a+haunting+collaboration%2C+with+a+complete+filmography+of+their+films+together&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=237-238&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0786434800&rft.aulast=Mank&rft.aufirst=Gregory+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Michael Mallory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Universal_Studios_Monsters.html?id=ZHhOPgAACAAJ">Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror</a>, 2009, Universe, p. 63. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0789318961" title="Special:BookSources/978-0789318961">978-0789318961</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Hollywood Reporter, "<a href="/wiki/Walter_Miller_(actor)" title="Walter Miller (actor)">[Walter] Miller</a> Goes In Lugosi Part In Columbia 'Island'", Jan. 29, 1938, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> John McElwee, Showmen, Sell It Hot!, GoodKnight, 2013, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Edwards, Phil (January 1997). "Son of Frankenstein". <a href="/wiki/Starburst_(magazine)" title="Starburst (magazine)">Starburst</a>. Vol. 3, no. 10. <a href="/wiki/Marvel_UK" title="Marvel UK">Marvel UK</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786402571" title="Special:BookSources/0786402571"><bdi>0786402571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Starburst&rft.atitle=Son+of+Frankenstein&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=10&rft.date=1997-01&rft.isbn=0786402571&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. pg. 103. 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Retrieved August 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bela+Lugosi+%7C+Hungarian-American+actor&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBela-Lugosi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Edith Gwynn, Hollywood Reporter, Apr. 3, 1946, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv.com/9-27-1949/episode/670241/summary.htmlTexaco">Star Theater Episode Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200517224637/http://www.tv.com/shows/texaco-star-theater/9-27-1949-670241/">Archived</a> May 17, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, tv.com; accessed November 1, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2004" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, Tom (2004). Science Fiction and Fantasy Film Flashbacks: Conversations with 24 Actors, Writers, Producers and Directors from the Golden Age. McFarland. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786420707" title="Special:BookSources/0786420707"><bdi>0786420707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Film+Flashbacks%3A+Conversations+with+24+Actors%2C+Writers%2C+Producers+and+Directors+from+the+Golden+Age&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0786420707&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> The Complete Actors' Television Credits, 1948–1988, James Robert Parrish and Vincent Terrace [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaffenbergerRhodes2012" class="citation book cs1">Kaffenberger, Bill; Rhodes, Gary (2012). No Traveler Returns: The Lost Years of Bela Lugosi. BearManor Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1593932855" title="Special:BookSources/978-1593932855"><bdi>978-1593932855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Traveler+Returns%3A+The+Lost+Years+of+Bela+Lugosi&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1593932855&rft.aulast=Kaffenberger&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Rhodes%2C+Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Gary Don Rhodes (1997). Lugosi. His Life in Films, on Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 198. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786402571" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786402571">978-0786402571</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelley1987" class="citation book cs1">Kelley, Kitty (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hiswayunauthoriz00kell_0/page/248">His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra</a>. Bantam Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hiswayunauthoriz00kell_0/page/248">248</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0553265156" title="Special:BookSources/0553265156"><bdi>0553265156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=His+Way%3A+The+Unauthorized+Biography+of+Frank+Sinatra&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0553265156&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Kitty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhiswayunauthoriz00kell_0%2Fpage%2F248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Rudolph Grey, Nightmare of Ecstasy: The Life and Art of Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1992). p. 203. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0922915248" title="Special:BookSources/978-0922915248">978-0922915248</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuzum" class="citation news cs1">Nuzum, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lostmag.com/issue18/lugosi.php">"Bela Lugosi's Legacy"</a>. Lost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917071843/http://www.lostmag.com/issue18/lugosi.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lost&rft.atitle=Bela+Lugosi%27s+Legacy&rft.aulast=Nuzum&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lostmag.com%2Fissue18%2Flugosi.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bela_Lugosi:_Dreams_and_Nightmares-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi:_Dreams_and_Nightmares_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bela_Lugosi:_Dreams_and_Nightmares_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodesSheffield2007" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, Gary; Sheffield, Richard (2007). Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares. Collectables Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0977379811" title="Special:BookSources/978-0977379811"><bdi>978-0977379811</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bela+Lugosi%3A+Dreams+and+Nightmares&rft.pub=Collectables+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0977379811&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Sheffield%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belalugosi.com/film/">"Filmography – Bela Lugosi – the Official Site"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filmography+%E2%80%93+Bela+Lugosi+%E2%80%93+the+Official+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelalugosi.com%2Ffilm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Review of "Lock Up Your Daughters". Kinematograph Weekly. March 16, 1959 </li> <li id="cite_note-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._68-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._68_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_Lennig_2003,_p._68_51-1">b</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003, p. 68; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. pg. 59. ISBN 0977379817 (hardcover) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. Pg 61. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0977379817" title="Special:BookSources/0977379817">0977379817</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. pg. 71. ISBN 0977379817 (hardcover) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> "Nancy Marie Lugosi, Obituary". La Cañada Flintridge Outlook Valley Sun. Outlook Newspapers. 3 September 1938. Retrieved 2022-11-10. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metnews.com/articles/bela021402.htm">"Friedemann O'Brien Goldberg & Zarian Names Bela G. Lugosi Of Counsel"</a>. Metropolitan News-Enterprise. Retrieved April 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+News-Enterprise&rft.atitle=Friedemann+O%27Brien+Goldberg+%26+Zarian+Names+Bela+G.+Lugosi+Of+Counsel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metnews.com%2Farticles%2Fbela021402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arch-58"><a href="#cite_ref-arch_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080330000614/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C936129%2C00.html">"Divorced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. July 27, 1953. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,936129,00.html">the original</a> on March 30, 2008. Retrieved March 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Divorced&rft.date=1953-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C936129%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003, p. 393; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers. Pg. 70. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0977379817" title="Special:BookSources/0977379817">0977379817</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filmint.nu/quatermass-filmography-sculthorpe/">"Beyond Quatermass – Brian Donlevy, the Good Bad Guy: A Bio-Filmography by Derek Sculthorpe"</a>. Filmint.nu. February 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filmint.nu&rft.atitle=Beyond+Quatermass+%E2%80%93+Brian+Donlevy%2C+the+Good+Bad+Guy%3A+A+Bio-Filmography+by+Derek+Sculthorpe&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilmint.nu%2Fquatermass-filmography-sculthorpe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> No Traveler Returns: The Lost Years of Bela Lugosi, Bill Kaffenberger and Gary D. Rhodes (2012). Last chapter. BearManor Media, ISBN 1593932855 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1997" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, Gary Don (1997). Lugosi: His Life in Films, on Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers. McFarland. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786402571" title="Special:BookSources/0786402571"><bdi>0786402571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lugosi%3A+His+Life+in+Films%2C+on+Stage%2C+and+in+the+Hearts+of+Horror+Lovers&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0786402571&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Gary+Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bela_G._Lugosi" title="Bela G. Lugosi">Bela G. Lugosi</a> states this in "The Road to Dracula", a documentary supplement in the DVD "Dracula -(1931)" [Universal Studios Classic Monster Collection, Universal DVD #903 249 9.11] </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0977379817" title="Special:BookSources/0977379817">0977379817</a> pp. 258–264. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813122731" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813122731">978-0813122731</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-findlaw-68"><a href="#cite_ref-findlaw_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.findlaw.com/1998/Feb/1/130405.html">"Lugosi v. Universal Pictures, 603 P.2d 425 (Cal. 1979)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FindLaw" title="FindLaw">FindLaw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309000423/http://library.findlaw.com/1998/Feb/1/130405.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2007. Retrieved February 14, 2007. <q>In this decision preceding (and precipitating) the Legislature's enactment of Section 990, the California Supreme Court held that rights of publicity were not descendible in California. Bela Lugosi's heirs, Hope Lininger Lugosi and Bela George Lugosi, sued to enjoin and recover profits from Universal Pictures for licensing Lugosi's name and image on merchandise reprising Lugosi's title role in the 1931 film Dracula. The <a href="/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="California Supreme Court">California Supreme Court</a> faced the question whether Bela Lugosi's film contracts with Universal included a grant of merchandising rights in his portrayal of Count Dracula, and the descendibility of any such rights. Adopting the opinion of Justice Roth for the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, the court held that the right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised, if at all, by him during his lifetime. Lugosi, 603 P.2d at 431.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FindLaw&rft.atitle=Lugosi+v.+Universal+Pictures%2C+603+P.2d+425+%28Cal.+1979%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.findlaw.com%2F1998%2FFeb%2F1%2F130405.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/11/01/141895733/last-word">"Bela Lugosi's 'Dracula' Cape To Be Auctioned Off"</a>. NPR. Retrieved May 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Bela+Lugosi%27s+%27Dracula%27+Cape+To+Be+Auctioned+Off&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F11%2F01%2F141895733%2Flast-word&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/24838/lot/191/">"Bonhams : Bela Lugosi's Count Dracula cape from Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein"</a>. www.bonhams.com. Retrieved November 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bonhams.com&rft.atitle=Bonhams+%3A+Bela+Lugosi%27s+Count+Dracula+cape+from+Abbott+and+Costello+Meet+Frankenstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fauctions%2F24838%2Flot%2F191%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-museum-motion-pictures-announces-acquisition-bela-lugosis-iconic-cape-dracula">"Academy Museum of Motion Pictures Announces Acquisition of Bela Lugosi's Cape from Dracula"</a>. Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. October 18, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oscars.org+%7C+Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=Academy+Museum+of+Motion+Pictures+Announces+Acquisition+of+Bela+Lugosi%27s+Cape+from+Dracula&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fnews%2Facademy-museum-motion-pictures-announces-acquisition-bela-lugosis-iconic-cape-dracula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2019" class="citation web cs1">Squires, John (October 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3590104/bela-lugosis-screen-worn-dracula-cape-will-display-academy-museum-motion-pictures/">"Bela Lugosi's Screen-Worn 'Dracula' Cape Will Be on Display at the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures"</a>. Bloody Disgusting!. 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Retrieved August 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mad%C3%A1ch+Sz%C3%ADnh%C3%A1z&rft.atitle=Lugosi+%28Shadow+of+the+Vampire%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madachszinhaz.hu%2Fshowinfo.php%3Fid%3D3335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedraculasociety.org.uk/the-hamilton-deane-award.html">"The Hamilton Deane Award"</a>. www.thedraculasociety.org.uk. 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Retrieved November 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visiting+the+Ellis+Island+Immigration+Museum&rft.pub=ellisisland.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ellisisland.org%2Fgenealogy%2Fellis_island_visiting.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABela+Lugosi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zagar.bandcamp.com/album/z-agar-light-leaks">ŽAGAR - Light Leaks</a> bandcamp.com accessed December 3, 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantilli2019" class="citation news cs1">Santilli, Morgana (July 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comicsbeat.com/beastars-review/">"Review: Can carnivore instinct be overcome in BEASTARS?"</a>. The Beat. Comics Culture. 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Rhodes and Tom Weaver (2015) BearManor Media, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1593938578" title="Special:BookSources/1593938578">1593938578</a></li> <li>Tod Browning's Dracula by Gary D. Rhodes (2015) Tomahawk Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0956683452" title="Special:BookSources/0956683452">0956683452</a></li> <li>Bela Lugosi In Person by Bill Kaffenberger and Gary D. Rhodes (2015) BearManor Media, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1593938055" title="Special:BookSources/1593938055">1593938055</a></li> <li>No Traveler Returns: The Lost Years of Bela Lugosi by Bill Kaffenberger and Gary D. Rhodes (2012) BearManor Media, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1593932855" title="Special:BookSources/1593932855">1593932855</a></li> <li>Bela Lugosi: Dreams and Nightmares by Gary D. Rhodes, with Richard Sheffield, (2007) Collectables/Alpha Video Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0977379817" title="Special:BookSources/0977379817">0977379817</a> (hardcover)</li> <li>Lugosi: His Life on Film, Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers by Gary D. Rhodes (2006) McFarland & Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786427659" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786427659">978-0786427659</a></li> <li>The Immortal Count: The Life and Films of Bela Lugosi by Arthur Lennig (2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813122732" title="Special:BookSources/0813122732">0813122732</a> (hardcover)</li> <li>Bela Lugosi (Midnight Marquee Actors Series) by Gary Svehla and Susan Svehla (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1887664017" title="Special:BookSources/1887664017">1887664017</a> (paperback)</li> <li>Bela Lugosi: Master of the Macabre by Larry Edwards (1997), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/188111709X" title="Special:BookSources/188111709X">188111709X</a> (paperback)</li> <li>Films of Bela Lugosi by Richard Bojarski (1980) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0806507160" title="Special:BookSources/0806507160">0806507160</a> (hardcover)</li> <li>Sinister Serials of Boris Karloff, Bela Lugosi and Lon Chaney, Jr. by Leonard J. Kohl (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1887664319" title="Special:BookSources/1887664319">1887664319</a> (paperback)</li> <li>Vampire over London: Bela Lugosi in Britain by Frank J. Dello Stritto and Andi Brooks (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0970426909" title="Special:BookSources/0970426909">0970426909</a> (hardcover)</li> <li>Lugosi: The Man Behind the Cape by Robert Cremer (1976) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0809281376" title="Special:BookSources/0809281376">0809281376</a> (hardcover)</li> <li>Bela Lugosi: Biografia di una metamorfosi by Edgardo Franzosini (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8845913708" title="Special:BookSources/8845913708">8845913708</a></li> <li>Lugosi: The Rise and Fall of Hollywood's Dracula by Koren Shadmi (Life Drawn graphic novel)(2021) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1643376616" title="Special:BookSources/1643376616">1643376616</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bela_Lugosi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bela_Lugosi" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belalugosi.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34529#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.retroagogo.com/categories/collections/bela-lugosi/">https://www.retroagogo.com/categories/collections/bela-lugosi/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000509/">Bela Lugosi</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34529#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://port.hu/pls/pe/person.person?i_pers_id=4948">Bela Lugosi</a> at <a href="/wiki/PORT.hu" title="PORT.hu">PORT.hu</a> (in Hungarian) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34529#P2435" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p43690">Bela Lugosi</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34529#P2019" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34529#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122768254">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14803252">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/56311/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxRGgkXqV6k8trFbVXmVC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118922785">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80073607">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121216614">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121216614">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35315678">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0182948&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1409428">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p142276049">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90853928">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000502444&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020Q0662">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812466934005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007445267605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508157206706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7711a14f-fedc-49d8-9061-09705eb7ee89">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/908821">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118922785.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118922785">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029632374">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6s216h7">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&oldid=1259058973">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bela_Lugosi&oldid=1259058973</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bela_Lugosi" title="Category:Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1882_births" title="Category:1882 births">1882 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1956_deaths" title="Category:1956 deaths">1956 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Lugoj" title="Category:People from Lugoj">People from Lugoj</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Hungarian_people" title="Category:19th-century Hungarian people">19th-century Hungarian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Hungarian_male_actors" title="Category:20th-century Hungarian male actors">20th-century Hungarian male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_actors" title="Category:20th-century American male actors">20th-century American male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:19th-century Roman Catholics">19th-century Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:20th-century Roman Catholics">20th-century Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_sailors" title="Category:20th-century sailors">20th-century sailors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_film_actors" title="Category:American male film actors">American male film actors</a></li><li><a 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Culver City">Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_emigrants_to_the_United_States" title="Category:Hungarian emigrants to the United States">Hungarian emigrants to the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_expatriates_in_Austria" title="Category:Hungarian expatriates in Austria">Hungarian expatriates in Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_expatriates_in_Germany" title="Category:Hungarian expatriates in Germany">Hungarian expatriates in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_male_film_actors" title="Category:Hungarian male film actors">Hungarian male film actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_male_silent_film_actors" title="Category:Hungarian male silent film actors">Hungarian male silent film actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_male_stage_actors" title="Category:Hungarian male stage actors">Hungarian male stage actors</a></li><li><a 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