CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Frederic al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"8ab42458-463c-41ea-a17b-e70d3b97783b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman","wgTitle":"Frederic al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman","wgCurRevisionId":16720363,"wgRevisionId":16720363,"wgArticleId":224713,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pagini cu citări fără titluri","Pagini cu citări de simple URL-uri","Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori HDS","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LNB","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF","Control de autoritate cu 18 elemente","Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate","Nașteri în 1194","Decese în 1250","Împărați romano-germani","Regi germani","Regi ai Siciliei","Monarhi copii","Cruciați","Cruciada a cincea","Sfântul Imperiu Roman","Germania medievală","Italieni din secolul al XIII-lea","Regi ai Romanilor"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman","wgRelevantArticleId":224713,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Frederic_al_II-lea","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q130221","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1655"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1104"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="883"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Frederic al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman rootpage-Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Meniul principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Frederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Frederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Frederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Frederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Viața" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viața"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Viața</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Viața-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Viața subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Viața-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primii_ani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primii_ani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Primii ani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primii_ani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Împărat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Împărat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Împărat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Împărat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederic al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 75 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_II._(HRR)" title="Friedrich II. (HRR) – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Friedrich II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederico_II_d%27o_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Chermanico" title="Frederico II d'o Sacro Imperio Romano Chermanico – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Frederico II d'o Sacro Imperio Romano Chermanico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="فريدريك الثاني – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريدريك الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="فريدريك التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدريك التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federicu_II_Hohenstaufen" title="Federicu II Hohenstaufen – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Federicu II Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Fridrix_Hohen%C5%9Ftaufen" title="II Fridrix Hohenştaufen – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Fridrix Hohenştaufen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="ایکینجی فریدریش (ایمپیراتور) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی فریدریش (ایمپیراتور)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_II_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96)" title="Фрыдрых II (імператар Свяшчэннай Рымскай імперыі) – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрыдрых II (імператар Свяшчэннай Рымскай імперыі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_II_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Фридрих II (Свещена Римска империя) – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фридрих II (Свещена Римска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_II_an_Impalaeriezh_Santel" title="Friedrich II an Impalaeriezh Santel – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Friedrich II an Impalaeriezh Santel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrik_II,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Fridrik II, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fridrik II, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_II_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Frederic II del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frederic II del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrich_II._%C5%A0taufsk%C3%BD" title="Fridrich II. Štaufský – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fridrich II. Štaufský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffredrig_II,_Ymerawdwr_Gl%C3%A2n_Rhufeinig" title="Ffredrig II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffredrig II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_2._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Frederik 2. (Tysk-romerske rige) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frederik 2. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_II._(HRR)" title="Friedrich II. (HRR) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friedrich II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Φρειδερίκος Β΄ Χοενστάουφεν – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρειδερίκος Β΄ Χοενστάουφεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiko_la_2-a_(Sankta_Romia_Imperio)" title="Frederiko la 2-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederiko la 2-a (Sankta Romia Imperio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_II_Hohenstaufen" title="Federico II Hohenstaufen – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Federico II Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Friedrich II (Saksa-Rooma keiser) – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Friedrich II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiko_II.a_Germaniako_Erromatar_Inperio_Santukoa" title="Frederiko II.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frederiko II.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="فریدریش دوم، امپراتور مقدس روم – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فریدریش دوم، امپراتور مقدس روم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_II_(keisari)" title="Fredrik II (keisari) – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fredrik II (keisari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_II_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)" title="Frédéric II (empereur du Saint-Empire) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frédéric II (empereur du Saint-Empire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederico_II_Hohenstaufen" title="Frederico II Hohenstaufen – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frederico II Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="פרידריך השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרידריך השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrik_II.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Fridrik II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fridrik II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Frigyes_n%C3%A9met-r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="II. Frigyes német-római császár – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Frigyes német-római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD_II_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ֆրիդրիխ II Հոհենշտաուֆեն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրիդրիխ II Հոհենշտաուֆեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederico_II_de_Hohenstaufen" title="Frederico II de Hohenstaufen – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Frederico II de Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_II,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Friedrich II, Kaisar Romawi Suci – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Friedrich II, Kaisar Romawi Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_la_2ma,_Santa_Romana_imperiestro" title="Friedrich la 2ma, Santa Romana imperiestro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Friedrich la 2ma, Santa Romana imperiestro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_II_di_Svevia" title="Federico II di Svevia – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Federico II di Svevia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%922%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="フリードリヒ2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フリードリヒ2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_II_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრიდრიხ II შტაუფენი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრიდრიხ II შტაუფენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_2%EC%84%B8_(%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C)" title="프리드리히 2세 (신성 로마 황제) – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리드리히 2세 (신성 로마 황제)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericus_II_(imperator)" title="Fridericus II (imperator) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericus II (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federigo_II_do_Sacro_Impeo_Roman" title="Federigo II do Sacro Impeo Roman – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Federigo II do Sacro Impeo Roman" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federigh_II_de_Svevia" title="Federigh II de Svevia – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Federigh II de Svevia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Frydrichas_II" title="Imperatorius Frydrichas II – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Frydrichas II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C4%ABdrihs_II_Hoen%C5%A1taufens" title="Frīdrihs II Hoenštaufens – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frīdrihs II Hoenštaufens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Emperora_Romana_Masina" title="Frederick II, Emperora Romana Masina – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frederick II, Emperora Romana Masina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="फ्रेडरिक दुसरा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेडरिक दुसरा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Maharaja_Suci_Rom" title="Frederick II, Maharaja Suci Rom – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frederick II, Maharaja Suci Rom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Frederik_II" title="Keizer Frederik II – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Frederik II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_II_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Fredrik II av Det tysk-romerske rike – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fredrik II av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_II_Hohenstaufen" title="Frederic II Hohenstaufen – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frederic II Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryderyk_II_Hohenstauf" title="Fryderyk II Hohenstauf – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fryderyk II Hohenstauf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federich_II" title="Federich II – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Federich II" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederico_II_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Frederico II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederico II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_II_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Фридрих II (император Священной Римской империи) – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фридрих II (император Священной Римской империи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidiricu_II_di_Hohenstaufen" title="Fidiricu II di Hohenstaufen – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fidiricu II di Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrik_II.,_car_Svetog_rimskog_carstva" title="Fridrik II., car Svetog rimskog carstva – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fridrik II., car Svetog rimskog carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrich_II._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Fridrich II. (Svätá rímska ríša) – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fridrich II. (Svätá rímska ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friderik_II._Hohenstaufen" title="Friderik II. Hohenstaufen – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Friderik II. Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiku_i_II,_Perandor_i_Shenjt%C3%AB_Romak" title="Frederiku i II, Perandor i Shenjtë Romak – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Frederiku i II, Perandor i Shenjtë Romak" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_II,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фридрих II, цар Светог римског царства – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фридрих II, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freerk_II._(HRR)" title="Freerk II. (HRR) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Freerk II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_II_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Fredrik II (tysk-romersk kejsare) – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fredrik II (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizari_Federiki_II" title="Kaizari Federiki II – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaizari Federiki II" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิฟรีดริชที่ 2 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิฟรีดริชที่ 2 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_II,_Banal_na_Emperador_ng_Roma" title="Federico II, Banal na Emperador ng Roma – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Federico II, Banal na Emperador ng Roma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Friedrich_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="II. Friedrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Friedrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_II_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Фрідріх II (імператор Священної Римської імперії) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фрідріх II (імператор Священної Римської імперії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="فریڈرک دوم، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریڈرک دوم، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrix_II_Shtaufen" title="Fridrix II Shtaufen – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fridrix II Shtaufen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Friedrich II của Thánh chế La Mã – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Friedrich II của Thánh chế La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_II_do_Sint_Impire" title="Fredrik II do Sint Impire – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fredrik II do Sint Impire" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="腓特烈二世（神圣罗马帝国） – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="腓特烈二世（神圣罗马帝国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_II_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ფრიდრიხ II (საღორონთო რომიშ იმპერატორი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრიდრიხ II (საღორონთო რომიშ იმპერატორი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="腓特烈二世 (神圣罗马帝国) – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腓特烈二世 (神圣罗马帝国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_2-s%C3%A8" title="Friedrich 2-sè – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Friedrich 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="腓特烈二世 (神聖羅馬帝國) – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腓特烈二世 (神聖羅馬帝國)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130221#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&oldid=16720363" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&id=16720363&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%25C3%25A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%25C3%25A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Frederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130221" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic al II-lea">Frederic al II-lea</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Acest articol se referă la un împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman.  Pentru un rege al Prusiei, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Prusiei" title="Frederic al II-lea al Prusiei">Frederic al II-lea al Prusiei</a>.  Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Frederic_II" class="mw-disambig" title="Frederic II">Frederic II</a>.  </div> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet regalitate" style="background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Frederic al II-lea</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg/250px-Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg/330px-Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg/500px-Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="818" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1195-01-02"><a href="/wiki/26_decembrie" title="26 decembrie">26 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a></time><sup id="cite_ref-ed993e6b9f13403269a1217ca873e164_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed993e6b9f13403269a1217ca873e164-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup id="cite_ref-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jesi" title="Jesi">Jesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marchia Anconitana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statele_Papale" title="Statele Papale">Statele Papale</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1250-12-20"><a href="/wiki/13_decembrie" title="13 decembrie">13 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a></time> (55 de ani)<sup id="cite_ref-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castel_Fiorentino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castel Fiorentino — pagină inexistentă">Castel Fiorentino</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048600" class="extiw" title="d:Q1048600"><span title="Castel Fiorentino la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a><sup id="cite_ref-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P20" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Înmormântat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Catedrala_din_Palermo" title="Catedrala din Palermo">Catedrala din Palermo</a><sup id="cite_ref-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P119" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cauza decesului</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Moarte_din_cauze_naturale" title="Moarte din cauze naturale">cauze naturale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dizenterie" title="Dizenterie">dizenterie</a>) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P509" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Părinți</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al VI-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric al VI-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><br /><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba_de_Sicilia" title="Constanța de Sicilia">Constanța de Sicilia</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P22" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Căsătorit cu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234253" class="extiw" title="d:Q234253">Constanța de Aragon</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constan%C8%9Ba_de_Aragon_(Queen_Consort_of_Hungary_and_Holy_Roman_Empress_Consort)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constanța de Aragon (Queen Consort of Hungary and Holy Roman Empress Consort) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (august 1209–<time datetime="1222-06-23">23 iunie 1222</time>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ed4da4673f0f982548ae8177454fcd1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ed4da4673f0f982548ae8177454fcd1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eea0db7246c536dbe7b188ba29c52500_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eea0db7246c536dbe7b188ba29c52500-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233809" class="extiw" title="d:Q233809">Isabella a II-a a Ierusalimului</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_a_II-a_a_Ierusalimului_(Queen_regnant_of_Jerusalem_(1212-1228))&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabella a II-a a Ierusalimului (Queen regnant of Jerusalem (1212-1228)) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (<time datetime="1225-11-09">9 noiembrie 1225</time>–<time datetime="1228-04-25">25 aprilie 1228</time>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237858" class="extiw" title="d:Q237858">Isabella of England</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_of_England_(Holy_Roman_Empress)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabella of England (Holy Roman Empress) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (<time datetime="1235">1235</time>–<time datetime="1241-12-01">1 decembrie 1241</time>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272199" class="extiw" title="d:Q272199"><span lang="en">Bianca Lancia</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Bianca Lancia</span> (mistress and later possibly wife of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II)|]]</span><small> (<time datetime="1244">1244</time>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P26" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_de_Suabia" title="Henric al II-lea de Suabia">Henric al II-lea de Suabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Conrad_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Conrad al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Conrad al IV-lea</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Margareta_de_Sicilia" title="Margareta de Sicilia">Margareta de Sicilia</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180761" class="extiw" title="d:Q180761">Anna de Hohenstaufen</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_de_Hohenstaufen_(Empress_Consort_of_Nicaea_and_Illegitimate_daughter:Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_and_his_mistress,_Bianca_Lancia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna de Hohenstaufen (Empress Consort of Nicaea and Illegitimate daughter:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and his mistress, Bianca Lancia) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manfred_al_Siciliei" title="Manfred al Siciliei">Manfred al Siciliei</a><sup id="cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q704892" class="extiw" title="d:Q704892">Enzio al Sardiniei</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzio_al_Sardiniei_(regele_Sardiniei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enzio al Sardiniei (regele Sardiniei) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439897" class="extiw" title="d:Q439897">Frederic de Antiohia</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_de_Antiohia_(conte_de_Alba_%C8%99i_Celano,_fiul_%C3%AEmp%C4%83ratului_Frederic_al_II-lea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic de Antiohia (conte de Alba și Celano, fiul împăratului Frederic al II-lea) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21003752" class="extiw" title="d:Q21003752">Frederic de Petronaro</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_de_Petronaro_(fiu_nelegitim_al_%C3%AEmp%C4%83ratului_Frederic_al_II-lea_de_Hohenstaufen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic de Petronaro (fiu nelegitim al împăratului Frederic al II-lea de Hohenstaufen) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2151016" class="extiw" title="d:Q2151016"><span lang="en">Richard von Chieti</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Richard von Chieti</span> |]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4013808" class="extiw" title="d:Q4013808"><span lang="en">Violante of Swabia</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Violante of Swabia</span> ((1233-1264))|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P40" class="extiw" title="d:Q130221">...<i>încă 6</i></a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P40" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">creștinism</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P140" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304859" class="extiw" title="d:Q2304859">suveran</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suveran_(persoan%C4%83_cu_autoritate_suprem%C4%83_%C3%AEntr-un_stat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suveran (persoană cu autoritate supremă într-un stat) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh">monarh</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">limba latină</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_sicilian%C4%83" title="Limba siciliană">Limba siciliană</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837985" class="extiw" title="d:Q837985"><span lang="en">Middle High German</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Middle High German</span> (historical form of High German)|]]</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Franceza_veche" title="Franceza veche">Franceza veche</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba greacă veche">limba greacă veche</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">limba arabă</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Apartenență nobiliară</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Titluri</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Duce" title="Duce">duce</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Familie nobiliară</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rege_al_Italiei" title="Rege al Italiei">Rege al Italiei</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";">Domnie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1220–1250</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Încoronare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">22 noiembrie 1220 (Roma)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Predecesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat Roman">Otto IV</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VII-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VII-lea, Împărat Roman">Henric VII</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;"><a href="/wiki/Rege_al_Germaniei" class="mw-redirect" title="Rege al Germaniei">Rege al Germaniei</a><br />formal Rege al Romanilor</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Domnie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1212–1220</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Încoronare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">9 decembrie 1212 (<a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>)<br />25 iulie 1215 (<a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Predecesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat Roman">Otto al IV-lea</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henric_al_VII-lea_al_Germaniei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henric al VII-lea al Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">Henric al VII-lea</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rege_al_Siciliei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rege al Siciliei — pagină inexistentă">Rege al Siciliei</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";">Domnie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1198–1250</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Încoronare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">3 septembrie 1198 (<a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Predecesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VI-lea, Împărat Roman">Henric al VI-lea</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_al_IV-lea_al_Germaniei" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad al IV-lea al Germaniei">Conrad I</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCBBEE;color:#000;">Rege al Ierusalimului</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Domnie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1225–1228</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Încoronare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">18 martie 1229, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ierusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ierusalem — pagină inexistentă">Ierusalem</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Predecesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_a_II-a_a_Ierusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabella a II-a a Ierusalem — pagină inexistentă">Isabella II</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succesor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_al_IV-lea_al_Germaniei" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad al IV-lea al Germaniei">Conrad II</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##CCBBEE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130221" class="extiw" title="d:Q130221">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Regalitate" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/20px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/40px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16861271">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Frederic al II-lea</b> (n. <time datetime="1195-01-02"><a href="/wiki/26_decembrie" title="26 decembrie">26 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Jesi" title="Jesi">Jesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marchia Anconitana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statele_Papale" title="Statele Papale">Statele Papale</a> – d. <time datetime="1250-12-20"><a href="/wiki/13_decembrie" title="13 decembrie">13 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a></time>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castel_Fiorentino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castel Fiorentino — pagină inexistentă">Castel Fiorentino</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048600" class="extiw" title="d:Q1048600"><span title="Castel Fiorentino la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>) din <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">dinastia Stauferilor</a> (descendent al lui <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Frederic I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic I <i>Barbarossa</i></a>), a fost fiul împăratului <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VI-lea, Împărat Roman">Henric al VI-lea</a> și al <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba_de_Sicilia" title="Constanța de Sicilia">Constanței de Sicilia</a>. Frederic a fost ales „<a href="/wiki/Rex_Romanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex Romanorum">Rex Romanorum</a>” (rege al Romanilor) după dorința tatălui său, ceea ce i-a ușurat ascensiunea în anii 1211–1215 pe tronul de împărat, fiind unanim recunoscut după moartea împăratului <a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Otto al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto al IV-lea</a> din <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Welfilor" title="Dinastia Welfilor">dinastia Welfilor</a> (1175–1218). </p><p>Frederic al II-lea a fost denumit frecvent <i>stupor mundi</i> („mirarea lumii”) pentru că era un om învățat, vorbind mai multe limbi, după unii istorici: italiana, franceza, latina, greaca, germana și araba. El este numit ca o <i>Creatură minune</i> între <a href="/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh">monarhii</a> germani din <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evul mediu</a>, fiind numit de umanistul și istoricul elvețian <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Burckhardt" title="Jacob Burckhardt">Jacob Burckhardt</a> (1818–1897) și ca „primul om modern pe tron”. Această denumire de „om modern” i-a fost atribuită datorită metodelor moderne folosite de el pentru obținerea și păstrarea tronului imperial. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viața"><span id="Via.C8.9Ba"></span>Viața</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Viața" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Viața"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primii_ani">Primii ani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Primii ani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Primii ani"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Născut în <a href="/wiki/Jesi" title="Jesi">Jesi</a>, lângă <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, Frederic a fost fiul împăratului <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VI-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric al VI-lea</a>. Unele cronici menționează că mama sa, Constanța de Sicilia, i-a dat naștere într-o piață publică pentru a nu exista niciun dubiu privind originea sa. Frederic a fost botezat în <a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/1196" title="1196">1196</a> la <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_pe_Main" title="Frankfurt pe Main">Frankfurt pe Main</a> Frederic încă la vârsta copilăriei, a fost ales <a href="/wiki/Rege_romano-german" class="mw-redirect" title="Rege romano-german">rege romano-german</a>. Drepturile sale în imperiu erau disputate de fratele lui, <a href="/wiki/Filip_de_Suabia" title="Filip de Suabia">Filip de Suabia</a>, și de <a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto de Braunschweig</a>. La moartea tatălui său în <a href="/wiki/1197" title="1197">1197</a>, Frederic, în vârstă de doi ani, se afla în Italia, îndreptându-se spre teritoriile germane, cu protectorul său Conrad de Spoleto. Frederic a fost repede înapoiat mamei sale, Constanța, în <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>. </p><p>Mama lui fusese regină a Siciliei; a dispus ca Frederic să fie încoronat rege al Siciliei, ea urmând să fie regentă. În numele lui Frederic, a eliminat legăturile Siciliei cu Imperiul romano-german (<a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Sfântul Imperiu Roman</a>), trimițându-i acasă pe consilierii lui germani (printre care <a href="/w/index.php?title=Markward_de_Anweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markward de Anweiler — pagină inexistentă">Markward de Anweiler</a> și Gualtiero da Pagliara), și renunțând la pretențiile asupra statutului de rege german și asupra imperiului. </p><p>La moartea Constanței în <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>, papa <a href="/wiki/Inocen%C8%9Biu_al_III-lea" class="mw-redirect" title="Inocențiu al III-lea">Inocențiu al III-lea</a> a devenit protectorul lui Frederic până când acesta a devenit major. Frederic a fost încoronat rege al Siciliei pe <a href="/wiki/17_mai" title="17 mai">17 mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Împărat"><span id=".C3.8Emp.C4.83rat"></span>Împărat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Împărat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Împărat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto al IV-lea</a> a fost încoronat ca împărat romano-german de către papa Inocențiu al III-lea în <a href="/wiki/1209" title="1209">1209</a>. În septembrie <a href="/wiki/1211" title="1211">1211</a>, în cadrul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieta_de_la_N%C3%BCrnberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieta de la Nürnberg — pagină inexistentă">Dietei de la Nürnberg</a>, Frederic a fost ales <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_absentia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In absentia — pagină inexistentă">in absentia</a></i> rege german de o facțiune rebelă sprijinită de Inocențiu, care între timp, ajunsese să-l excomunice pe Otto; a fost din nou ales în 1212, și încoronat pe <a href="/wiki/9_decembrie" title="9 decembrie">9 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> în <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>; o nouă ceremonie de încoronare a avut loc în <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>. Autoritatea lui Frederic în imperiu a rămas discutabilă, și a fost recunoscut doar în sudul Germaniei; în nord, centrul puterii guelfilor, Otto a continuat să dețină puterea regală și imperială (drept contra-împărat), în ciuda excomunicării sale de către Papă. Dar înfrângerea militară decisivă suferită de Otto la <a href="/wiki/Bouvines" title="Bouvines">Bouvines</a> l-a obligat să se retragă pe ținuturile ereditare guelfe, unde a murit, practic fără susținători, în <a href="/wiki/1218" title="1218">1218</a>. Principii germani, sprijiniți de Inocențiu al III-lea, l-au ales din nou pe Frederic rege al <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germaniei</a> în <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>, și papa l-a încoronat rege în <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, pe <a href="/wiki/23_iulie" title="23 iulie">23 iulie</a> <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>. Cu toate acestea, doar după cinci ani, și negocieri între Frederic, Inocențiu al III-lea și Honorius al III-lea, Frederic a putut fi încoronat ca împărat romano-german la <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, pe <a href="/wiki/22_noiembrie" title="22 noiembrie">22 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>, de către papa <a href="/wiki/Papa_Honoriu_al_III-lea" title="Papa Honoriu al III-lea">Honorius al III-lea</a> (succesorul lui Inocențiu după moartea acestuia în <a href="/wiki/1216" title="1216">1216</a>). În același timp, fiul lui cel mare, Henric, și-a luat titlul de Rege al Romanilor (al Romei). </p><p>Spre deosebire de majoritatea împăraților romano-germani, Frederic a petrecut puțin timp din viața sa în teritoriile germane. După încoronare în <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>, el s-a aflat fie în <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Siciliei" title="Regatul Siciliei">Regatul Siciliei</a>, fie în <a href="/wiki/Cruciad%C4%83" title="Cruciadă">cruciadă</a> până în <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a>, când a făcut ultima călătorie în imperiu (pe atunci Regatul Siciliei, cu capitala la <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, s-a extins în <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Italic%C4%83" title="Peninsula Italică">Peninsula Italică</a>, incluzând mare parte din sudul Italiei). S-a întors în <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> în <a href="/wiki/1237" title="1237">1237</a> și a rămas acolo pe durata ultimilor treisprezece ani din viață, fiind reprezentat în imperiul romano-german de fiul său <a href="/wiki/Conrad_al_IV-lea_al_Germaniei" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad al IV-lea al Germaniei">Conrad</a>. </p><p>În Regatul Siciliei, a continuat reforma legislativă începută de bunicul său <a href="/wiki/Roger_al_II-lea_al_Siciliei" title="Roger al II-lea al Siciliei">Roger al II-lea</a> în <a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a>. Inițiativele sale în acest sens au fost vizibile încă din timpul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assizele_de_la_Capua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assizele de la Capua — pagină inexistentă">Assizelor de la Capua</a> (<a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>), dându-și roadele în promulgarea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Biile_de_la_Melfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituțiile de la Melfi — pagină inexistentă">Constituțiilor de la Melfi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1231" title="1231">1231</a>, cunoscute de asemenea ca <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_Augustalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber Augustalis — pagină inexistentă">Liber Augustalis</a></i>), o culegere de legi pentru ținutul său remarcabilă pentru acele vremuri, ce a servit drept sursă de inspirație pentru multă vreme. A transformat <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Siciliei" title="Regatul Siciliei">Regatul Siciliei</a> într-o <a href="/wiki/Absolutism" title="Absolutism">monarhie absolutistă</a>, primul stat centralizat din <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> care a rezultat din <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>; a creat de asemenea precedentul priorității legilor scrise. Cu modificări relativ minore, <i>Liber Augustalis</i> a rămas baza legii siciliene până în <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>. </p><p>În această perioadă, a construit de asemenea <a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte" title="Castel del Monte">Castel del Monte</a>, iar în <a href="/wiki/1224" title="1224">1224</a> a creat <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Napoli" title="Universitatea din Napoli">Universitatea din Napoli</a>, astăzi numită <i>Università Federico II</i>, a fost singurul ateneu din sudul Italiei timp de secole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ed993e6b9f13403269a1217ca873e164-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ed993e6b9f13403269a1217ca873e164_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation">, p. 9 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=hlXAdBM8WaoC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.de/books?id=hlXAdBM8WaoC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhlXAdBM8WaoC%26pg%3DPA9%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AFrederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8ecb8d38f82b4211531f500014bb0734_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/elenco-opere/Dizionario_Biografico"><i><span lang="it">Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2020-12-02">2 decembrie 2020</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22it%22%3EDizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Felenco-opere%2FDizionario_Biografico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AFrederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d7295a59cdacd0b7cac22fa51405dbd9_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AFrederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-284649aeb1cfd23adb1ecee122d031d1_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kindred.stanford.edu"><i><span lang="en">Kindred Britain</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EKindred+Britain%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkindred.stanford.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AFrederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6ed4da4673f0f982548ae8177454fcd1-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6ed4da4673f0f982548ae8177454fcd1_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=hlXAdBM8WaoC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Konstanze+Friedrich+1209&source=bl&ots=JOsqw_YoRg&sig=pFpYUF9-xgD3QpTn2yTIDlE0N9Q&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUvN6IppPfAhVBEVAKHckvD24Q6AEwD3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Konstanze%20Friedrich%201209&f=false">https://books.google.de/books?id=hlXAdBM8WaoC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Konstanze+Friedrich+1209&source=bl&ots=JOsqw_YoRg&sig=pFpYUF9-xgD3QpTn2yTIDlE0N9Q&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUvN6IppPfAhVBEVAKHckvD24Q6AEwD3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Konstanze%20Friedrich%201209&f=false</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhlXAdBM8WaoC%26pg%3DPA113%26lpg%3DPA113%26dq%3DKonstanze%2BFriedrich%2B1209%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DJOsqw_YoRg%26sig%3DpFpYUF9-xgD3QpTn2yTIDlE0N9Q%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiUvN6IppPfAhVBEVAKHckvD24Q6AEwD3oECAoQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DKonstanze%2520Friedrich%25201209%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AFrederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eea0db7246c536dbe7b188ba29c52500-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eea0db7246c536dbe7b188ba29c52500_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/elenco-opere/Dizionario_Biografico"><i><span lang="it">Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22it%22%3EDizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Felenco-opere%2FDizionario_Biografico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AFrederic+al+II-lea+al+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Imperiu+Roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br style="clear: both;" /> </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba_de_Sicilia" title="Constanța de Sicilia">Constanța</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rege al Siciliei</b><br /><a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a> - <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_al_VII-lea_al_Germaniei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conrad al VII-lea al Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">Conrad I</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Filip_de_Suabia" title="Filip de Suabia">Filip</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b>Duce de Suabia</b><br /><a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> - <a href="/wiki/1216" title="1216">1216</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henric_al_VII-lea_al_Germaniei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henric al VII-lea al Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">Henric II</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto IV</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lista_suveranilor_germani" title="Lista suveranilor germani">Rege al Germaniei</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> - <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henric_al_VII-lea_al_Germaniei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henric al VII-lea al Germaniei — pagină inexistentă">Henric VII</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto IV</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rege al Italiei</b><br /><a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> - <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b>Vacant</b> până la<br /><a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VII-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VII-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric VII de Luxemburg</a><b></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto al IV-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto IV</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2nt_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfânt Împărat Roman">Sfânt Împărat Roman</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a> - <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b>Vacant</b> până la<br /><a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VII-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VII-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric VII de Luxemburg</a><b></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="25%">Predecesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ioan_de_Brienne" title="Ioan de Brienne">Ioan de Brienne</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rege al Ierusalimului</b><br /><a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a> - <a href="/wiki/1228" title="1228">1228</a> </td> <td width="25%">Succesor:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Elisabeta_de_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeta de Bavaria">Elisabeta</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br style="clear: both;" /> </p><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Împărați_carolingieni_și_ai_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C3%8Emp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bi_carolingieni_%C8%99i_ai_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Format:Împărați carolingieni și ai Sfântului Imperiu Roman"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C3%8Emp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bi_carolingieni_%C8%99i_ai_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Împărați carolingieni și ai Sfântului Imperiu Roman — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C3%8Emp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bi_carolingieni_%C8%99i_ai_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Împărați_carolingieni_și_ai_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperiul_carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul carolingian">Împărați carolingieni</a> și ai <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Sfântului Imperiu Roman</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_carolingian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia carolingiană">Carolingieni</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_cel_Mare" title="Carol cel Mare">Carol cel Mare</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_cel_Pios" title="Ludovic cel Pios">Ludovic cel Pios</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lothar_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar I, Împărat carolingian">Lothar I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_al_II-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovic al II-lea, Împărat carolingian">Ludovic II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_cel_Ple%C8%99uv" title="Carol cel Pleșuv">Carol al II-lea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_al_III-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol al III-lea, Împărat carolingian">Carol al III-lea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guido_al_III-lea_Spoleto" class="mw-redirect" title="Guido al III-lea Spoleto">Guido al III-lea Spoleto</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lamberto_al_II-lea_Spoleto" title="Lamberto al II-lea Spoleto">Lamberto al II-lea Spoleto</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_de_Carintia" title="Arnulf de Carintia">Arnulf de Carintia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_al_III-lea_Orbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovic al III-lea Orbul">Ludovic al III-lea Orbul</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Berengario_de_Friuli" title="Berengario de Friuli">Berengario de Friuli</a> </span></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_(1400-1806).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor"><img alt="Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/120px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/250px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Sfântul</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Imperiu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Roman</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Otto_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Otto I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto I</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Otto_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Otto al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Otto_al_III-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Otto al III-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Conrad_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Conrad al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Conrad II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_III-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al III-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric IV</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_V-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al V-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric V</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lothar_al_III-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Lothar al III-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Lothar III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Frederic I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al VI-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric VI</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Otto_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Otto al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Otto IV</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederic II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VII-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al VII-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric VII</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Ludovic al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Ludovic IV</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_al_IV-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Carol al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Carol IV</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_de_Luxemburg" title="Sigismund de Luxemburg">Sigismund</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Frederic_al_III-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Frederic al III-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Maximilian I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Maximilian I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_Quintul" title="Carol Quintul">Carol Quintul</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Ferdinand I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Ferdinand I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Maximilian al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Maximilian II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Rudolf al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Rudolf II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Matia_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Matia I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Matia I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Ferdinand al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Ferdinand II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_al_III-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Ferdinand al III-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Ferdinand III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Leopold I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Leopold I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Iosif_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Iosif I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Iosif I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_al_VI-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Carol al VI-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Carol al VI-lea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_al_VII-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Carol al VII-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Carol al VII-lea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Francisc_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Francisc I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Francisc I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Iosif_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Iosif al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Iosif II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Leopold_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Leopold al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Leopold al II-lea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Francisc_I_al_Austriei" title="Francisc I al Austriei">Francisc al II-lea</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/20px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/40px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Carte:Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Carte:Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Carte:Sfântul Imperiu Roman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Categorie"><img alt="Categorie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Categorie:Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Categorie:Sfântul Imperiu Roman</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16786155">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0 auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90230484">90230484</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1122495">XX1122495</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12917252p">cb12917252p</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12917252p">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03372001?l=en">DA03372001</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118535765">118535765</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/029200">029200</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000054904225">0000 0000 5490 4225</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80015526">n80015526</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000175818&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000175818</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00967046">00967046</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981001251&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19981001251</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35350683">35350683</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/CFIV081207?core=autoriall">CFIV081207</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/328805">328805</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6qv3rzr">w6qv3rzr</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085722243">085722243</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500214507">500214507</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46006380">46006380</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/46006380">46006380</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman&oldid=16720363">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sfântului_Imperiu_Roman&oldid=16720363</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Na%C8%99teri_%C3%AEn_1194" title="Categorie:Nașteri în 1194">Nașteri în 1194</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Decese_%C3%AEn_1250" title="Categorie:Decese în 1250">Decese în 1250</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:%C3%8Emp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bi_romano-germani" title="Categorie:Împărați romano-germani">Împărați romano-germani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Regi_germani" title="Categorie:Regi germani">Regi germani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Regi_ai_Siciliei" title="Categorie:Regi ai Siciliei">Regi ai Siciliei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Monarhi_copii" title="Categorie:Monarhi copii">Monarhi copii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Crucia%C8%9Bi" title="Categorie:Cruciați">Cruciați</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cruciada_a_cincea" title="Categorie:Cruciada a cincea">Cruciada a cincea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Sf%C3%A2ntul_Imperiu_Roman" title="Categorie:Sfântul Imperiu Roman">Sfântul Imperiu Roman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Germania_medieval%C4%83" title="Categorie:Germania medievală">Germania medievală</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Italieni_din_secolul_al_XIII-lea" title="Categorie:Italieni din secolul al XIII-lea">Italieni din secolul al XIII-lea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Regi_ai_Romanilor" title="Categorie:Regi ai Romanilor">Regi ai Romanilor</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_cit%C4%83ri_f%C4%83r%C4%83_titluri" title="Categorie:Pagini cu citări fără titluri">Pagini cu citări fără titluri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_cit%C4%83ri_de_simple_URL-uri" title="Categorie:Pagini cu citări de simple URL-uri">Pagini cu citări de simple URL-uri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_leg%C4%83turi_c%C4%83tre_elemente_f%C4%83r%C4%83_etichet%C4%83_%C3%AEn_limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Categorie:Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română">Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BIBSYS" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNE" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_CINII" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_GND" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_HDS" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori HDS">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori HDS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_ISNI" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LCCN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LNB" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LNB">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NDL" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NKC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NLA" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SBN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SELIBR" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SNAC-ID" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SUDOC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_ULAN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_WorldCat-VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Control_de_autoritate_cu_18_elemente" title="Categorie:Control de autoritate cu 18 elemente">Control de autoritate cu 18 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 27 decembrie 2024, ora 01:15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederic al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>75 limbi</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Adăugare subiect</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-8rlq9","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.137","walltime":"1.685","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1185,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":65484,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3126,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":26883,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":46,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1560.503 1 -total"," 82.02% 1279.928 1 Format:Infocaseta_Regalitate"," 6.06% 94.525 1 Format:Date_biografice"," 5.81% 90.597 1 Format:Sfânt_Împărat_Roman"," 5.49% 85.689 1 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 3.54% 55.262 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate"," 1.75% 27.247 1 Format:Despre"," 1.46% 22.733 1 Format:Dezlink"," 0.30% 4.692 2 Format:Icon"," 0.27% 4.207 43 Format:·w"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.973","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4955888,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.eqiad.main-998c54df4-j88mz","timestamp":"20250331094832","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Frederic al II-lea al Sf\u00e2ntului Imperiu Roman","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130221","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130221","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-07-16T18:24:01Z","dateModified":"2024-12-26T22:15:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>