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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_formation_and_dredging_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Natural formation and dredging efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_formation_and_dredging_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_literary_tradition_to_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_literary_tradition_to_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 From literary tradition to tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_literary_tradition_to_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_rule_and_fall_of_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_rule_and_fall_of_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mongol rule and fall of tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_rule_and_fall_of_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revitalisation_in_Late_Imperial_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revitalisation_in_Late_Imperial_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Revitalisation in Late Imperial China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revitalisation_in_Late_Imperial_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 General layout </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_layout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle General layout subsection </button> <ul id="toc-General_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solitary_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solitary_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Solitary Hill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solitary_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_pagodas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_pagodas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Two pagodas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_pagodas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three_Islets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_Islets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Three Islets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_Islets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four_Causeways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four_Causeways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Four Causeways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four_Causeways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Five Lakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Five_Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ten_Scenes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ten_Scenes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Ten Scenes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ten_Scenes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temples_and_monasteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples_and_monasteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Temples and monasteries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temples_and_monasteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tombs_and_memorial_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tombs_and_memorial_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Tombs and memorial halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tombs_and_memorial_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pavilions_and_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pavilions_and_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Pavilions and monuments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pavilions_and_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardens_and_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardens_and_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Gardens and parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardens_and_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Modern architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Hydrology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Flora </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Flora subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seasonal_Flowers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seasonal_Flowers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Seasonal Flowers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seasonal_Flowers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Longjing_Tea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longjing_Tea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Longjing Tea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longjing_Tea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_trees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_trees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Ancient trees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_trees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Gastronomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Garden_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Garden designs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fine_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Fine arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Toponymy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">West Lake</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88)" title="البحيرة الغربية (هانغتشو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحيرة الغربية (هانغتشو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llagu_del_Oeste" title="Llagu del Oeste – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llagu del Oeste" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rb_g%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Qərb gölü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərb gölü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2ng-chiu_Sai-%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Hâng-chiu Sai-ô͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hâng-chiu Sai-ô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%85%D1%83" title="Сіху – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіху" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llac_de_l%27Oest" title="Llac de l'Oest – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llac de l'Oest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83" title="Сиху – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сиху" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Hu_(lanaw_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina,_Zhejiang_Sheng)" title="Xi Hu (lanaw sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, Zhejiang Sheng) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Xi Hu (lanaw sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, Zhejiang Sheng)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_jezero" title="Západní jezero – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní jezero" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xihu" title="Xihu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xihu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westsee" title="Westsee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westsee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_del_Oeste" title="Lago del Oeste – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lago del Oeste" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_Lago_(Hang%C4%9Do%C5%ADo)" title="Okcidenta Lago (Hangĝoŭo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Lago (Hangĝoŭo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_lakua" title="Xi lakua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xi lakua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="دریاچه غرب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریاچه غرب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_l%27Ouest" title="Lac de l'Ouest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lac de l'Ouest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_an_Iarthair" title="Loch an Iarthair – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Loch an Iarthair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%ED%98%B8" title="서호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_jezero" title="Zapadno jezero – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadno jezero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danau_Barat" title="Danau Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Danau Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_dell%27Ovest" title="Lago dell'Ovest – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lago dell'Ovest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99" title="האגם המערבי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האגם המערבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ხანჯოუს დასავლეთის ტბის კულტურული ლანდშაფტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხანჯოუს დასავლეთის ტბის კულტურული ლანდშაფტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihu" title="Sihu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sihu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=West_Lake&params=30_14_49_N_120_08_39_E_type:waterbody_region:CN-33">30°14′49″N 120°08′39″E / 30.24694°N 120.14417°E / 30.24694; 120.14417</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lake in Hangzhou, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="West Lake (disambiguation)">West Lake (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">West Lake</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;">西湖</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/264px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG" decoding="async" width="264" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/396px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/528px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Zhejiang_adm.png" class="mw-file-description" title="West Lake is located in Zhejiang"><img alt="West Lake is located in Zhejiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Zhejiang_adm.png/256px-Map_Zhejiang_adm.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Zhejiang_adm.png/384px-Map_Zhejiang_adm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Zhejiang_adm.png/512px-Map_Zhejiang_adm.png 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1653" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.118%;left:44.159%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="West Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>West Lake</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Xihu,_Hangzhou" title="Xihu, Hangzhou">Xihu, Hangzhou</a>, Zhejiang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=West_Lake&params=30_14_49_N_120_08_39_E_type:waterbody_region:CN-33">30°14′49″N 120°08′39″E / 30.24694°N 120.14417°E / 30.24694; 120.14417</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Freshwater lake</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)">Primary outflows</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21.22 km2 (8.19 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Managing agency</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Management_Committee_of_Hangzhou_West_Lake_Scenic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Management Committee of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area">Management Committee of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">3.2 km (2.0 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. width</th><td class="infobox-data">2.8 km (1.7 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,580 acres (6.4 km2)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">2.27 m (7 ft 5 in)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">14,290,000 m3 (505,000,000 cu ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Water_cycle#Residence_times" title="Water cycle">Residence time</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard Time</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shore length1</th><td class="infobox-data">15 km (9.3 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">10 m (33 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frozen</th><td class="infobox-data">Rarely</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_by_body_of_water" title="Category:Islands by body of water">Islands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The Gushan, the Little Yingzhou, the Lake-heart Pavilion, and the Ruan Gong islet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sections/sub-basins</th><td class="infobox-data">Outer West Lake, Inner West Lake, West Inner Lake, Small South Lake, Yue Lake</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data">Hangzhou</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">(ii)(iii)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1334">1334</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2011 (35th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">3,322.88 ha (8,211.0 acres)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">7,270.31 ha (17,965.3 acres)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">西湖</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"West Lake"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Xī Hú</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕí xǔ]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[Si平 wu去] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sāi wùh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">sai1 wu4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐj˥ wu˩]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Se ôo</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 264px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="264" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="30.246944444444" data-lon="120.14416666667" data-overlays="["_1aa99377028925900d9d19d50bd176fb7bbc11d9"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/30.246944444444/120.14416666667/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,30.246944444444,120.14416666667,264x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=West_Lake&revid=1259209020&groups=_1aa99377028925900d9d19d50bd176fb7bbc11d9" width="264" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,30.246944444444,120.14416666667,264x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=West_Lake&revid=1259209020&groups=_1aa99377028925900d9d19d50bd176fb7bbc11d9 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff; border-top: 1px solid #cedeff">1 Shore length is <a href="/wiki/Coastline_paradox" title="Coastline paradox">not a well-defined measure</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> The West Lake (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96" class="extiw" title="zh:西湖">西湖</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Xīhú; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Wu Chinese pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">[si ɦu]</a>) is a freshwater lake in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, China. Situated to the west of Hangzhou's former <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_City_Walls" title="Hangzhou City Walls">walled city</a>, the lake has a surface area of 6.39 km2 (2.47 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> stretching 3.2 km (2.0 mi) from north to south and 2.8 km (1.7 mi) from east to west.<a href="#cite_note-:26-2">[2]</a> In the lake are four <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeways</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Artificial_island" title="Artificial island">artificial islands</a>, and the Gushan, the only natural island.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Gentle hills surround the lake on its north, west, and south sides,<a href="#cite_note-:14-3">[3]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baochu_Pagoda" title="Baochu Pagoda">Baochu</a> pagodas standing in pair on the south and north banks.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> Several famous temples are nestled in the mountains west of the lake, including the temples of <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jingci_Temple" title="Jingci Temple">Jingci</a>.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> A tourist attraction since the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907),<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> the lake has influenced <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">painters</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese history</a> for its natural beauty and historic relics.<a href="#cite_note-:27-6">[6]</a> By the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279), during which the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">dynastic capital</a> moved to Hangzhou, it had became a cultural landmark and one of the most visited tourist destinations of China.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> Introduced to Europeans by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>, the lake was once a symbol of Chinese urban culture.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> It has been featured on <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Chinese currency</a>, including the one-yuan <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknote</a> in the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_certificate" title="Foreign exchange certificate">Foreign Exchange Certificate</a><a href="#cite_note-:28-7">[7]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Fifth series of the renminbi">2005 Renminbi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:29-8">[8]</a> as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:30-9">[9]</a> A <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> since 2011, the lake is recognised to have influenced garden designs in China, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> over the centuries, as "an idealised fusion between humans and nature."<a href="#cite_note-whc-10">[10]</a> The lake, along with the surrounding hills, constitutes the West Lake Scenic Area, which is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Management_Committee_of_Hangzhou_West_Lake_Scenic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Management Committee of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area">Management Committee of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area</a>, a special administration dedicated to cultural preservation and gardening under the Hangzhou municipal government since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The first major Chinese tourist attraction to cancel admission fees,<a href="#cite_note-:20-12">[12]</a> the scenic area is crowded during public holidays.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In the 2024 <a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="National Day of the People's Republic of China">National Day</a> holiday, the area received 4.426 million visitors in seven days, a 30.92% rise from the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-:21-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names">edit</a>]</div> Historically, the lake has been referred to by various names, including the Qiantang Lake.<a href="#cite_note-names-15">[15]</a> The first description of the waters near Hangzhou was made in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a> finished in 111, which states,<a href="#cite_note-:7-16">[16]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The Western Commandery Captain of Qiantang was stationed at the Wulin Hills, where the Wulin River originates. The river flows eastward into the sea, covering a distance of 830 li [350 km; 220 mi].</blockquote> This statement about the Wulin River (武林水) is widely interpreted as the first mention of the West Lake, while the Wulin Hills (武林山) were believed to be the hills near the <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> was among the first to refer to the lake as "West Lake", due to its location to the west of the city.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> was the first to use the name in official documents, in his request to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Imperial Court</a> for the dredging of the lake in 1090.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The 16th century Chinese scholars considered the West Lake of Hangzhou to be the most famous among the 35 other lakes with the same name in China.<a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a> In English, the name is also romanised as Xi Hu,<a href="#cite_note-:27-6">[6]</a> or the Xi Lake.<a href="#cite_note-:26-2">[2]</a> Due to Su Shi's famous comparison with <a href="/wiki/Xi_Shi" title="Xi Shi">Xizi</a>, the lake is also called Xizi Lake.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_formation_and_dredging_efforts">Natural formation and dredging efforts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Natural formation and dredging efforts">edit</a>]</div> About 4,400 to 2,500 years ago, as sea levels fell, the <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou%E2%80%93Jiaxing%E2%80%93Huzhou_Plain" title="Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain">Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain</a> began to emerge, while the West Lake was merely a shallow bay. Over time, the <a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang River</a> gradually deposited sand and rocks outside this bay. About 2,000 years ago, a lagoon was formed. Streams from the surrounding mountains transformed the water into freshwater, but ongoing silt deposits gradually reduced the lake to a swamp.<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> In local <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> (259–210 BC), the first <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor of China</a>, visited Hangzhou, the West Lake was still part of the Qiantang River. The giant rock on the north bank of the West Lake was said to be where the emperor anchored his fleet. According to <a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Records of the Grand Historian</a>, during his visit in 210 BC, the emperor was halted in Hangzhou by the strong tide of the Qiantang River and had to take a detour westward to reach Shaoxing.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> During the Eastern Han era (25–220), local official Hua Xin ordered the construction of a seawall to completely cut the lake off from the sea.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In 591, the government seat of Hangzhou, originally on the west shore, was relocated to the newly built walled city east to the lake. With the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a>, Hangzhou, as its destination, became a transport hub of China.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907), the West Lake was a small and shallow body of water,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> but continuous dredging efforts prevented it from becoming a swamp.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> During the Jianzhong period (780–783) of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, local official <a href="/wiki/Li_Bi" title="Li Bi">Li Mi</a> diverted water from the into Hangzhou via an underground pipes, creating six ponds to secure the city's water supply. In 822, <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> dredged the West Lake and used the silt to build a long causeway between Qiantang and Yuhang Gates, which was named in his memory. Under the <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue Kingdom</a> (907–932), with Hangzhou being the capital, King Qian Liu ordered annual dredging of the West Lake with soldiers to maintain water quality for water supply. In the Song dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> (1037–1101) ordered the construction of the Su Causeway from dredged silt in 1089. He designated an area of the lake with three stone pagodas to prevent water chestnut planting and reduce silting, which may mark the origin of the "Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon."<a href="#cite_note-:1-26">[26]</a> By 1275, military patrols were appointed to maintain and police the lake, where littering of any rubbish or planting additional lotuses or water-chestnuts were forbidden.<a href="#cite_note-:8-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_literary_tradition_to_tourism">From literary tradition to tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From literary tradition to tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg/220px-%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg/330px-%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg/440px-%E5%85%83%E8%B6%99%E5%AD%9F%E9%A0%AB%E6%9B%B8%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%A9%A9PAD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Su Shi's Verse on West Lake by Zhao Mengfu in 1320</figcaption></figure> Literary works by renowned literati contributed to the fame of the West Lake among Chinese intellectuals.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> Especially, the lake became associated with the two greatest poets of Middle-Period China, Bai Juyi and Su Shi.<a href="#cite_note-:8-27">[27]</a>: 51–52  <a href="/wiki/Su_Xiaoxiao" title="Su Xiaoxiao">Su Xiaoxiao</a>, a famous courtesan and poet of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Qi" title="Southern Qi">Southern Qi</a> (479–502), was buried upon the West Lake. Her life and poetry have inspired later poets, including <a href="/wiki/Li_He" title="Li He">Li He</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wen_Tingyun" title="Wen Tingyun">Wen Tingyun</a>. Over time, local history became intertwined with the natural beauty. For example, <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> celebrates Su Xiaoxiao's beauty and her connection to the enchanting scenery of the lake in one of his poem. When <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> (1037–1101) famously compared the West Lake to <a href="/wiki/Xi_Shi" title="Xi Shi">Xizi</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties of ancient China</a>, the lake became known as the Xizi Lake:<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> 水光瀲灧睛方好， 山色空濛雨亦奇。 欲把西湖比西子， 淡妝濃抹總相宜。 </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> The shimmering water shines in clear light, While misty mountains bring rain's charm to sight. If West Lake I liken to Xizi fair, Both light and heavy makeup suits her well. </div> </td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen,_1909,_six-panel_screen,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen%2C_1909%2C_six-panel_screen%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen%2C_1909%2C_six-panel_screen%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen%2C_1909%2C_six-panel_screen%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen%2C_1909%2C_six-panel_screen%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen%2C_1909%2C_six-panel_screen%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-West_Lake_by_Tomita_Keisen%2C_1909%2C_six-panel_screen%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>West Lake by Japanese painter <a href="/wiki/Tomita_Keisen" title="Tomita Keisen">Tomita Keisen</a> (1909), with a tribute to <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> in the writing</figcaption></figure> During the period of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuyue Kingdom">Wuyue Kingdom</a> (907–978), numerous temples, pagodas, shrines, and grottoes were built or expanded around the lake, including Lingyin, Zhaoqing, Jingci, Li’an, Liutong, and Taoguang temples, as well as the Baochu, Liuhe, Leifeng, and White pagodas, due to the devotion of its rulers to Buddhism.<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> Since the 12th and 13th centuries, these temples, frequently visited by Japanese monks, played a significant role in circulating cultural images of the lake across East Asia, as these visitors returned to their home countries.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Wars and conflicts in northern China during the Song dynasty—including invasions by the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>—triggered significant migration southward to the new capital, leading to urbanisation and economic prosperity. With city walls blocking much of the natural scenery, the West Lake became a favoured destination for urban residents seeking respite from the demands of city life and political turmoil.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> Since 1129, the capital of the Song dynasty was relocated to Hangzhou, after the country lost its northern territories to the Jurchen. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examination</a> held every three years filled Hangzhou with educated individuals, who often enjoyed the lake's beauty and consulted fortune-tellers at lakeside temples. Visiting the West Lake inspired poems that reflected on their experiences and memories of the scenery.<a href="#cite_note-writing-29">[29]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_%2811%29.jpg/220px-Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_%2811%29.jpg/330px-Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_%2811%29.jpg/440px-Scenic_Attractions_of_West_Lake_%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%85%E8%B6%A3%E5%9C%96_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="3772" /></a><figcaption>Scenic Attractions of West Lake (c. 14th century)</figcaption></figure> By the late Song dynasty, the West Lake had evolved into a significant hub where tourism emerged. While <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> and contemplative retreat had previously been the main motives for travel, sightseeing gained wide acceptance as an activity focused on enjoyment and the appreciation of natural beauty, roughly at the same time as in western Europe.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Aesthetic appreciation of landscapes became a popular business, with diverse entertainment options which involved standardised routes and viewing orders made available to cater to various preferences and budgets. Tour guides, seasonal markets and specialty shops emerged.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a> The notion of <a href="/wiki/Ten_Scenes_of_West_Lake" title="Ten Scenes of West Lake">Ten Scenes of West Lake</a> was invented.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> Boating on the lake was a popular pastime, with records noting hundreds of intricately carved, elegantly decorated boats gliding gracefully over the water.<a href="#cite_note-intro-5">[5]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg/220px-China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg/330px-China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg/440px-China_Hangzhou_Westlake-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Decorated boats on the lake</figcaption></figure> Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China" title="Mongol conquest of China">Mongol conquest of China</a>, the West Lake remained socially vibrant. The official records show that in 1309, the city received more than 1,200 foreign visitors within half a year, many from Turkestan and Europe. The West Lake was dredged and renamed the “Pond of Freeing Captive Animals” under <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, while parts of the lake area were gradually cultivated into farmland. Among the visitors was <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>, who describes the lake in his book,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Inside the city there is a Lake which has a compass of some 30 miles: and all round it are erected beautiful palaces and mansions, of the richest and most exquisite structure that you can imagine, belonging to the nobles of the city. There are also on its shores many abbeys and churches of the Idolaters. In the middle of the Lake are two Islands, on each of which stands a rich, beautiful and spacious edifice, furnished in such style as to seem fit for the palace of an Emperor.</blockquote><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%99_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei_Temple" title="Yue Fei Temple">Yue Fei Temple</a> (est. 1221)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongol_rule_and_fall_of_tourism">Mongol rule and fall of tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mongol rule and fall of tourism">edit</a>]</div> The booming tourism led to different interpretations. The lake was regarded as a literary tradition, a symbol of the state and a part of local history and knowledge, but for some, a symbol of extravagance and luxury.<a href="#cite_note-writing-29">[29]</a> One of the most famous portrayal comes from Lin Sheng, who penned a poem as a satirical commentary on how people were engrossed in their indulgence in Hangzhou's pleasures, rather than making efforts to reclaim the lost northern capital:<a href="#cite_note-epilogue-33">[33]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> 山外青山樓外樓， 西湖歌舞幾時休？ 暖風熏得遊人醉， 直把杭州作汴州。 </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> Beyond the hills, more hills rise, beyond the pavilions, more pavilions stand. When will the songs and dances on West Lake finally end? The warm breeze intoxicates the travellers, Making them mistake Hangzhou for Bianzhou. </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 1142, Yue Fei, a hawkish Chinese general known for his determined efforts to reclaim northern China, was executed by the dovish emperor and his chief councillor.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-34">[34]</a> Yue's death marked the end of attempts to recapture the north, as the emperor prioritised peace despite the Song army's successes.<a href="#cite_note-:9-34">[34]</a> Yue Fei remained widely admired among Chinese people and was widely celebrated as a national hero.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In 1162, his wrongful execution was acknowledged, and his remains were moved to a tomb by the West Lake. Since 1221, a nearby temple has been repurposed in his memory.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> The Mongol-led <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368) saw the decline of tourism at the West Lake.<a href="#cite_note-epilogue-33">[33]</a> Government support for maintaining the lake diminished, as Mongol rulers placed their political and economic focus on northern China rather than the south.<a href="#cite_note-epilogue-33">[33]</a> The Mongol rulers, as well as local residents, blamed the lavish life upon the lake for the fall of Song. Therefore, the lake was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-epilogue-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-dredging-36">[36]</a> When the Ming dynasty replaced Mongol rule, Hangzhou gradually regained its prosperity by the mid-15th century. However, the lake experienced droughts in 1442 and 1456, causing it to dry up temporarily.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revitalisation_in_Late_Imperial_China">Revitalisation in Late Imperial China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Revitalisation in Late Imperial China">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E6%9D%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%A4_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Yanggong Causeway (est. 1508)</figcaption></figure> Since the mid-Ming era, renewed dredging projects rekindled public interest in West Lake. As Hangzhou developed as a publishing centre, the production of geographic texts stimulated tourism, which in turn further fuelled the publishing industry.<a href="#cite_note-:6-37">[37]</a> In 1508, Hangzhou governor Yang Mengying led a major dredging effort, repairing the Su and Bai Causeways and creating the Yanggong Causeway in his memory. This restoration returned the lake's appearance to its Tang dynasty splendour. Further construction works in 1576, 1607-1611 and 1621 built the Mid-lake Pavilion and the Lesser Yingzhou Islet.<a href="#cite_note-:15-38">[38]</a> The period of time saw the publication of a series of books on local history and culture which depicted the West Lake, inspiring Japanese gardens such as the <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%AB_Shiba_Riky%C5%AB_Garden" title="Kyū Shiba Rikyū Garden">Kyū Shiba Rikyū Garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:15-38">[38]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png/220px-%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png/330px-%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png/440px-%E6%B8%85%E8%91%A3%E9%82%A6%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF_%E5%8D%B74.png 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="2830" /></a><figcaption>Ten Scenic Spots of West Lake (mid-18th century)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> conquered Hangzhou in 1645, which led to the construction of the Manchu city alongside the West Lake.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/High_Qing_era" title="High Qing era">High Qing era</a> (1683–1799), emperors frequented southern China, to symbolise their control over China.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> Due to the visits by the Manchu emperors, the lake was fully dredged and renovated.<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> In 1689, a temporary imperial palace was built on the Gushan.<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> In 1722, Zhejiang governor Li Wei was ordered to dredge the lake.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> In 1809, the Ruangongdun Islet was built with silted soil, which was named after Ruan Yuan, then governor of Zhejiang.<a href="#cite_note-:15-38">[38]</a> The emperors revived and standardised the notion of the Ten Scenes of West Lake. The Kangxi Emperor inscribed titles for these scenes, which were later carved into stelae beneath ten pavilions. The Qianlong Emperor composed poems during his visits, which were then inscribed on the reverse side of Kangxi's stelae. He further inscribed the Eight Scenes of Dragon Well in the surrounding hills. In Beijing, imperial gardens, including the Garden of Delighted Spring and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</a>, were designed to imitate the landscape designs of West Lake.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a> (1850–1864) destroyed the buildings beside the lake, the West Lake revived, as major Qing military leaders, magnates and ranking officials, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Yulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Yulin (page does not exist)">Peng Yulin</a> built their villas upon the lake, which later became their memorial temples and shrines that were later maintained by a dedicated division of local government.<a href="#cite_note-:16-39">[39]</a> In 1864, the West Lake Dredging Bureau was established, to manage the dredging of the West Lake.<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg/220px-Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg/330px-Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg/440px-Hangzhou_Wenlan_Pavilion_20161002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wenlan_Pavilion" title="Wenlan Pavilion">Wenlan Pavilion</a>, an imperial library that became part of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Provincial_Museum" title="Zhejiang Provincial Museum">Zhejiang Provincial Museum</a> in 1929</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 revolution</a> that ended the Qing dynasty, the Manchu Banner Garrison was dismantled, and imperial properties around the West Lake were nationalised.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> A new business area was built at the former site of the Manchu Banner Garrison, which integrated the West Lake into the city.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The former imperial garden was converted into Zhongshan Park, named in honour of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> The buildings associated with former Qing officials and generals were renamed to honour Ming loyalists, such as the Shrine of Former Martyrs.<a href="#cite_note-:16-39">[39]</a> The railway link between Hangzhou and Shanghai, completed in 1909, stimulated local tourism.<a href="#cite_note-:16-39">[39]</a> A great number of lakeside villas and garden were built, with the city walls torn down and tombs disallowed to be built around the lake.<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chenglu_7186.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chenglu_7186.jpg/220px-Chenglu_7186.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chenglu_7186.jpg/330px-Chenglu_7186.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chenglu_7186.jpg/440px-Chenglu_7186.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>'s West Lake residence</figcaption></figure>The visitors to the lake included notable literati, such as <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABnosuke_Akutagawa" title="Ryūnosuke Akutagawa">Ryūnosuke Akutagawa</a>, as well as the couple of <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> spent their honeymoon by the lake.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> In 1922, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> held the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Plenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Plenum (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Plenum</a> here, initiating the first collaboration with Nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> In 1928, the <a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Art" title="China Academy of Art">National Academy of Art</a> was founded on Gushan Island.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> In March 1937, <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> and Chiang Kai-shek held a secret meeting at Yanxia Cave near the lake to negotiate a coalition against <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> The Japanese seized Hangzhou in December 1937.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Under Japanese rule, deforestation of the mountains surrounding West Lake led to rapid silting of the lake from soil erosion, due to a lack of maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-:16-39">[39]</a> A Japanese shrine was built by the lake in October 1939, where the Japanese autumn festival was held to familiarise the ordinary Chinese people with Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> With the Japanese surrender in 1945, tourism at West Lake flourished once again, although the city itself faced severe economic challenges due to hyperinflation.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a> The Communists took Hangzhou shortly after the Nationalist retreat from the city to preserve the cultural relics of the West Lake in 1949. In the 1950s, major hydrological works, along with other construction projects, took place, to exemplify socialist achievements.<a href="#cite_note-:2-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Botanical_Garden" title="Hangzhou Botanical Garden">Hangzhou Botanical Garden</a> and a flower garden was opened on the lake's west shore. The parks of Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond and Orioles Singing in the Willows were constructed. <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jingci_Temple" title="Jingci Temple">Jingci Temple</a>, Yue-Wang Temple, Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon, Mid-lake Pavilion and other spots were renovated. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_(Hangzhou)_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_%28Hangzhou%29_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg/220px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_%28Hangzhou%29_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_%28Hangzhou%29_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg/330px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_%28Hangzhou%29_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_%28Hangzhou%29_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg/440px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Greet_a_Young_Girl_While_Visiting_Hang_Chou%27s_%28Hangzhou%29_West_Lake_Park_in_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> at the West Lake Park in 1972</figcaption></figure>Since 1953, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> stayed periodically at West Lake every year until his death in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> To ensure his safety, the local government forcibly relocated residents suspected of connections with the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Nationalists</a> to <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labour camps</a>. Shops near the lake were acquired by the state, and undercover security personnel were stationed at over 100 shops in the area. The tombs of notable figures—including <a href="/wiki/Wu_Song" title="Wu Song">Wu Song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fang_La" title="Fang La">Fang La</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yu_Qian" title="Yu Qian">Yu Qian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Cangshui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Cangshui (page does not exist)">Zhang Cangshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su_Manshu" title="Su Manshu">Su Manshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su_Xiaoxiao" title="Su Xiaoxiao">Su Xiaoxiao</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/John_Leighton_Stuart" title="John Leighton Stuart">Stuart</a> family—as well as the temples of <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wen_Tianxiang" title="Wen Tianxiang">Wen Tianxiang</a>, were destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> (1966–1976), Liutong Temple and another temple were destroyed. <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> ordered the closure of the <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a> to prevent it from being destroyed, but repairs were later made to many scenic sites, due to the visits by <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-:3-31">[31]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama_and_Xi_Jinping_tea_tour_of_the_West_Lake_State_House_grounds_in_Hangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1866" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake_State_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Lake State House (page does not exist)">West Lake State House</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure>After 1976, tourism to the lake revitalised. In 1983, the Hangzhou government refurbished temples and pavilions upon the lake. They also expanded Galloping Tiger Spring and established Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer Park. The new site Exploring Plum Blossoms at Ling Peak was introduced, complemented by cultural events at Huanglong Cave and Ruangongdun Islet. In 1984, local media and societies held public vote to select the new "Ten Scenes" of the lake. In 1985, a pump at Zhakou to draw 300,000 cubic meters of water daily, were built to refresh the water in the lake. A sewage interception project, completed in 1981, installed over 17 kilometres of buried tunnels and 10 pumping stations. In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Westlake_exposition" title="Westlake exposition">West Lake exposition</a> was relaunched, drawing 1.4 million visitors. In 2002, Leifeng Pagoda was rebuilt where it collapsed in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2016_G20_Hangzhou_summit" title="2016 G20 Hangzhou summit">2016 G20 Hangzhou summit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2023 Asian Games</a>, West Lake State Guest House was where Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> met with foreign guests, such as <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_layout">General layout</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General layout">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Lake_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/West_Lake_Map.png/220px-West_Lake_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/West_Lake_Map.png/330px-West_Lake_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/West_Lake_Map.png/440px-West_Lake_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Map of the West Lake</figcaption></figure> The layout of the West Lake features "one hill, two pagodas, three islets, four causeways and five lakes." Among them, ten classic scenic places are collectively known as the "<a href="/wiki/Ten_Scenes_of_West_Lake" title="Ten Scenes of West Lake">Ten Scenes of West Lake</a>". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solitary_Hill">Solitary Hill</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Solitary Hill">edit</a>]</div> The Gushan (孤山), or the Solitary Hill, is the only natural island on the West Lake. Connected to the northern shore by Xiling Bridge and Bai Causeway, Solitary Hill and Bai Causeway separate the North Inner Lake from the Outer West Lake. In local folklore, the island is grouped with the Broken Bridge and the Long Bridge as the "Three Oddities of West Lake": the Broken Bridge is not broken, Solitary Hill is not solitary, and the Long Bridge is not long. During the Qing dynasty, Solitary Hill became part of a detached palace for emperors visiting Hangzhou. <a href="/wiki/Wenlan_Pavilion" title="Wenlan Pavilion">Wenlan Pavilion</a>, the royal library on the island, housed a valuable collection of literary works and rare texts. After the 1911 revolution, the palace grounds were transformed into Zhongshan Park to honor Sun Yat-sen, a key figure in the revolution. The Wenlan Pavilion and other former palace buildings were incorporated into the Zhejiang Provincial Museum, while a new building next to the Pavilion was completed in 1912 to host the Zhejiang Library.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_pagodas">Two pagodas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Two pagodas">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg/220px-Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg/330px-Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg/440px-Baochu_Pagoda_in_Hangzhou_2019-02_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4135" data-file-height="6202" /></a><figcaption>Baochu Pagoda and Beishan Road</figcaption></figure> Leifeng Pagoda (雷峰塔), originally built in 975, is located on Sunset Hill. According to local tales, it plays a central role in the <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_White_Snake" title="Legend of the White Snake">legend of the White Snake</a>. Leifeng Pagoda was rebuilt in 2002 after the original structure collapsed in 1924, and it remains a popular tourist spot with stunning views of the lake.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> Baochu Pagoda (保俶塔), built in 963, stands on Precious Stone Hill. Unlike the more elaborate Leifeng Pagoda, Baochu is a slender, simple structure believed to have been built to pray for the safe return of a local official.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three_Islets">Three Islets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Three Islets">edit</a>]</div> There are three artificial islets on the West: Lesser Yingzhou Islet, Mid-lake Pavilion, and Ruangong Islet. Each was constructed during the Ming and Qing dynasties by dredging lake sediment. <ul><li>Lesser Yingzhou Islet (小瀛洲), also known as Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, is especially famous for the small stone pagodas that rise from the water around it. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, these pagodas are lit, creating a scene called "Three Pools Mirroring the Moon", which has become one of the "Ten Scenes of West Lake."</li> <li>Mid-lake Pavilion (湖心亭), the smallest of the three, is a pavilion surrounded by the Outer West Lake. It is renowned for <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dai" title="Zhang Dai">Zhang Dai</a>'s essay on watching the snow from the pavilion.</li> <li>Ruan Gong Islet (阮公墩), constructed in 1800, is named after <a href="/wiki/Ruan_Yuan" title="Ruan Yuan">Ruan Yuan</a>, who was the Governor of Zhejiang at the time. Currently, the islet is not open to visitors, as it serves as a natural reserve.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_Causeways">Four Causeways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Four Causeways">edit</a>]</div> Three major causeways divides the West Lake into five sections, which include:<a href="#cite_note-elements-52">[52]</a> <ul><li>Bai Causeway (白堤) – Originally called the White Sand Causeway, it was naturally formed before the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) and reinforced between 766 and 779. The causeway collapsed during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368) and was rebuilt in 1589. By the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the causeway became known as the Bai Causeway, in his memory.<a href="#cite_note-:1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-53">[53]</a></li> <li>Su Causeway (苏堤) – Built in 1089 under the direction of Su Shi during his term as mayor, this causeway, along with six bridges to allow ferry passages, connects Quyuan on the north shore to Huagang on the south shore. It separates the West Inner Lake from the Outer West Lake.</li> <li>Yanggong Causeway (杨公堤) – Constructed in 1508 by local official <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Mengying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Mengying (page does not exist)">Yang Mengying</a> to mitigate flooding, this causeway features six bridges that facilitate ferry access between the West Inner Lake and Outer West Lake.</li></ul> Additionally, Zhaogong Causeway (赵公堤), also known as the Jinsha Causeway,<a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a> was built in 1242, connecting Quyuan to the Su Causeway. It was named after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao_Yuchou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao Yuchou (page does not exist)">Zhao Yuchou</a>, then-mayor of Lin'an. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Five_Lakes">Five Lakes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Five Lakes">edit</a>]</div> The current lake, roughly oval in shape, was dredged during past dynasties and spans 3.3 km from north to south, 2.8 km from east to west, with a shoreline circumference of 15 km and a total water area of 5.6 square kilometres. Divided by Gushan Hill, the Su Causeway, and the Bai Causeway, it consists of five distinct water bodies interconnected by bridge arches.<a href="#cite_note-elements-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a> <ul><li>The Main Lake is bordered by Hubin Road to the east, Su Causeway to the west, Nanshan Road to the south, and Bai Causeway to the north.<a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a></li> <li>The West Inner Lake lies west of the Su Causeway.<a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a></li> <li>The North Inner Lake, also known as the Back Lake or the Inner Lake, extends from Duanqiao Bridge in the east to Xiling Bridge in the west, Gushan Hill to the south, and Beishan Street to the north.<a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a></li> <li>Yuehu Lake is located south of Yue Fei's Temple, west of the Su Causeway, and south of the Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Winding Garden. Sources from the Republic of China era identify it as lying north of the Inner Lake, separated by the Zhaogong Causeway. This lake is likely named after Yue Fei's Tomb, though earlier documentation is unavailable.<a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a></li> <li>Lesser South Lake lies north of Nanshan Road, west of the Su Causeway, and south of the Viewing Fish at Flowery Pond sight. Republican-era records describe it as situated west of Yinbo Bridge and south of Guanyu Pavilion.<a href="#cite_note-:17-54">[54]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ten_Scenes">Ten Scenes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ten Scenes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ten_Scenes_of_West_Lake" title="Ten Scenes of West Lake">Ten Scenes of West Lake</a></div> Traditionally, there are ten classic scenic spots on the West Lake, each remembered by a four-character <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a>. Collectively, they are known as the Ten Scenes of West Lake, of which the rating dates back to the Song dynasty. Each is marked by a <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> with an epithet written in the calligraphy of the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-55">[55]</a> The ten scenes include:<a href="#cite_note-:42-56">[56]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English translation<a href="#cite_note-:42-56">[56]</a> </th> <th>Simplified Chinese name </th> <th>Traditional Chinese name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Spring Dawn at <a href="/wiki/Su_Causeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Causeway">Su Causeway</a> </td> <td>苏堤春晓 </td> <td>蘇堤春曉 </td> <td>Views of the lake from the centre of the Su Causeway<a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breeze-ruffled_Lotus_at_Quyuan_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden (page does not exist)">Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden</a> </td> <td>曲院风荷 </td> <td>曲院風荷 </td> <td>Views of gardens with lotus at north end of the Su Causeway during the summer<a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moon_over_the_Peaceful_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moon over the Peaceful Lake (page does not exist)">Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td> <td colspan="2">平湖秋月 </td> <td>Views from the northeast of the main lake toward the three islands, with hills to the west, south, and east sides of West Lake<a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lingering Snow on <a href="/wiki/Broken_Bridge" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Broken Bridge">Broken Bridge</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td> <td>断桥残雪 </td> <td>斷橋殘雪 </td> <td>View toward the Broken Bridge at the eastern end of Bai Causeway, extending westward beyond.<a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a> in Evening Glow </td> <td colspan="2">雷峰夕照 </td> <td>Leifeng Pagoda, or the Leifeng Hill where the pagoda stands,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> in the sunset </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon (page does not exist)">Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon</a> </td> <td colspan="2">三潭印月 </td> <td>Three small stone pagodas near the artificial island of Lesser Yingzhou, with lanterns that reflect on the lake's surface alongside the moonlight </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Listening_to_Orioles_at_Willow_Waves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listening to Orioles at Willow Waves (page does not exist)">Listening to Orioles at Willow Waves</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> </td> <td>柳浪闻莺 </td> <td>柳浪聞鶯 </td> <td>Originally a royal garden of the Song dynasty, a park filled with willows swaying with the wind and singing birds </td></tr> <tr> <td>Twin Peaks Piercing the Clouds<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>双峰插云 </td> <td>雙峰插雲 </td> <td>On rainy or misty days, parts of the South and North Peaks seem to emerge and disappear within the clouds, with their tops still visible above the mist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_Viewing_at_the_Flower_Pond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond (page does not exist)">Viewing Fish at Flower Pond</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>花港观鱼 </td> <td>花港觀魚 </td> <td>Views of ponds with <a href="/wiki/Goldfish" title="Goldfish">goldfish</a> in a floral garden between the Small South Lake and Inner West Lake in the west.<a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill </td> <td>南屏晚钟 </td> <td>南屏晚鐘 </td> <td>The sound of bells at the <a href="/wiki/Jingci_Temple" title="Jingci Temple">Jingci Temple</a> at the Nanping Hill. </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake,_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spring Dawn at Su Causeway"><img alt="Spring Dawn at Su Causeway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake%2C_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg/361px-Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake%2C_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake%2C_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg/542px-Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake%2C_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake%2C_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg/722px-Su_Causeway_near_West_Lake%2C_looking_towards_north_20120529_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3073" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 221px"><div class="gallerytext">Spring Dawn at <a href="/wiki/Su_Causeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Causeway">Su Causeway</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 273.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden"><img alt="Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg/410px-Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg/616px-Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg/819px-Lotus_in_the_Breeze_at_the_Winding_Courtyard_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4242" data-file-height="2331" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 254px"><div class="gallerytext">Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake"><img alt="Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/338px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/507px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG/675px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96%E7%A7%8B%E6%9C%88.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 206px"><div class="gallerytext">Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lingering Snow on Broken Bridge"><img alt="Lingering Snow on Broken Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg/451px-%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg/600px-%E6%96%AD%E6%A1%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%89%B2_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 180px"><div class="gallerytext">Lingering Snow on <a href="/wiki/Broken_Bridge" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Broken Bridge">Broken Bridge</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow"><img alt="Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg/400px-Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg/601px-Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg/800px-Leifang_Pagoda_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1013" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 247px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a> in Evening Glow</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon_With_Leifeng_Pagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon"><img alt="Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon_With_Leifeng_Pagoda.jpg/300px-Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon_With_Leifeng_Pagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon_With_Leifeng_Pagoda.jpg/451px-Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon_With_Leifeng_Pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Three_Ponds_Mirroring_the_Moon_With_Leifeng_Pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 180px"><div class="gallerytext">Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Listening to Orioles at Willow Waves"><img alt="Listening to Orioles at Willow Waves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/369px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/554px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/737px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E._%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%BE%A1%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4.%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%EF%BC%88%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E7%82%B9-%E6%9F%B3%E6%B5%AA%E9%97%BB%E8%8E%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="782" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 226px"><div class="gallerytext">Listening to Orioles at Willow Waves</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 332.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB)_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Twin Peaks Piercing the Clouds"><img alt="Twin Peaks Piercing the Clouds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB%29_-_panoramio.jpg/496px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB%29_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="331" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB%29_-_panoramio.jpg/744px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB%29_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB%29_-_panoramio.jpg/991px-%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%82%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E8%8C%B6%E5%AE%A4-%E6%B9%96%E7%95%94%E5%B1%85%EF%BC%88_%E8%BF%9C%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A_%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%A4-_%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B3%B0%E7%83%9F%E4%BA%91%E8%8C%AB%E8%8C%AB%29_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1178" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 311px"><div class="gallerytext">Twin Peaks Piercing the Clouds</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond"><img alt="Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg/334px-Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg/501px-Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg/667px-Wei%27s_Villa_corridor_and_fish_pool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 203px"><div class="gallerytext">Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:62925-Hangzhou_(49152203953).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill"><img alt="Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/62925-Hangzhou_%2849152203953%29.jpg/347px-62925-Hangzhou_%2849152203953%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/62925-Hangzhou_%2849152203953%29.jpg/521px-62925-Hangzhou_%2849152203953%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/62925-Hangzhou_%2849152203953%29.jpg/694px-62925-Hangzhou_%2849152203953%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1946" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 212px"><div class="gallerytext">Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples_and_monasteries">Temples and monasteries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Temples and monasteries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lingyin_Temple,_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lingyin_Temple%2C_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg/220px-Lingyin_Temple%2C_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lingyin_Temple%2C_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg/330px-Lingyin_Temple%2C_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lingyin_Temple%2C_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg/440px-Lingyin_Temple%2C_Hangzhou_20161003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a></figcaption></figure> Buddhism's roots around the West Lake extend back to the 4th century with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a> and Tianzhu Temple. During the Five Dynasties period (907–960), the Wuyue rulers, who were devoted Buddhists, initiated extensive temple construction in the region. Notable temples from this period include Jingci Temple on Nanping Hill, Yunqi Temple in Fan Village, and Shangtianzhu Temple on Tianzhu Hill. In addition to these temples, pagodas such as Liuhe, Leifeng, and Baochu were erected, along with intricate stone Buddhist carvings in Yanxia Cave, Shiwu Cave, and on Feilaifeng Peak. During the Song Dynasty, Lingyin Temple and Jingci Temple gained recognition as two of the "Five Mountains and Ten Temples." Across the West Lake Scenic Area, there are 30 Buddhist sites officially designated as protected heritage sites.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> The Baopu Taoist Monastery, rebuilt in the 17th century, enshrines Ge Hong, a prominent Taoist scholar, alchemist, and medical scientist, who conducted Taoist practices and alchemical experiments on Geling Ridge near the West Lake.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tombs_and_memorial_halls">Tombs and memorial halls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tombs and memorial halls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg/220px-20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg/330px-20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg/440px-20100326_Tombs_of_Yue_Fei_and_Yue_Yun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tombs of Yue Fei and Yue Yun</figcaption></figure> Yue Fei's Tomb and Temple serve as a memorial to Yue Fei, a legendary figure in Chinese history known for his loyalty and filial piety. Built in 1163, the tomb honours Yue Fei as a national hero and epitomises the Confucian values that have deeply influenced Chinese society for centuries.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Su_Xiao_Xiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Xiao Xiao">Su Xiao Xiao</a> is located near the Xiling Bridge on the north bank of the West Lake. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pavilions_and_monuments">Pavilions and monuments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pavilions and monuments">edit</a>]</div> Wenlan Pavilion, built in 1784 and rebuilt in 1880, was the only one that exists library among the four libraries commissioned by the Qing imperial family for the collection of <a href="/wiki/Siku_Quanshu" title="Siku Quanshu">The Complete Library of the Four Treasuries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-monuments-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens_and_parks">Gardens and parks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gardens and parks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_(49154633138).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_%2849154633138%29.jpg/220px-West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_%2849154633138%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_%2849154633138%29.jpg/330px-West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_%2849154633138%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_%2849154633138%29.jpg/440px-West_Lake_Scenic_Area_62824-Hangzhou_%2849154633138%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xizi_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xizi Hotel (page does not exist)">Xizi Hotel</a></figcaption></figure> The northeastern shore of the West Lake features Hubin Park, a series of six connected parks along the lakefront, surrounded by upscale shopping centers and hotels. At Park No. 3, visitors can enjoy a musical fountain with free performances every evening. To the northwest, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou_Flower_Nursery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangzhou Flower Nursery (page does not exist)">Hangzhou Flower Nursery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Botanical_Garden" title="Hangzhou Botanical Garden">Hangzhou Botanical Garden</a> showcase a diverse array of flowers and plants. In the southwest, Taiziwan Park and Huagang Park draw visitors in spring with colorful tulips and seasonal blossoms. On the southeastern shore, Liulangwenying Park and Changqiao Park offer scenic views and spaces for relaxation. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_(15730606661).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg/220px-Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg/330px-Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg/440px-Hangzhou_%2815730606661%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5309" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changqiao_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changqiao Park (page does not exist)">Changqiao Park</a></figcaption></figure> Around the West Lake, several historic private gardens have been preserved. Liu Villa, on the northwest shore, was originally a private Qing-dynasty garden reflecting classic Chinese landscape design. Today, it serves as the West Lake State Guest House, a luxury hotel known for hosting important events and guests. Wang Villa, on the southwestern corner of the West Lake, was also built during the Qing dynasty and has since been restored as part of Xizi Hotel. Jiang Villa, on the eastern shore near the Lakeside area, now operates as the Lakeside Tea House. Guo Villa, located on the northwestern shore at the foot of Solitary Hill near Qixia Ridge, is one of Hangzhou's best-preserved Qing-dynasty gardens and is open to the public as a government-run park. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_architecture">Modern architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Modern architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg/220px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg/330px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg/440px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Museum" title="West Lake Museum">West Lake Museum</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_historic_houses" title="Hangzhou historic houses">Hangzhou historic houses</a></div> The West Lake is home to many Western-style residences constructed during the Republic of China era (1911–1949). On Gushan (Solitary Hill), notable sites include the Memorial Pavilion to Sun Yat-sen, the former residences of Du Yuesheng and Chiang Kai-shek, as well as Yiyunji Lu Villa. Along Beishan Road, significant landmarks feature the Former Residence of Chiang Ching-kuo and various villas such as Run Lu, Ru Lu, Xing Lu, and Baoqing, in addition to notable hotels like Hangzhou Hotel, Xinxin Hotel, and Qiushui Villa. The eastern shore also hosts historic structures including Shihan Jingshe Villa, Long Bridge Villa, Guo Villa, and the former residence of Huang Fu. Modern architecture complements these historical sites, with buildings such as the West Lake Museum and a range of luxury hotels like the Grand Hyatt Hangzhou, upscale shopping centers, such as the Hubin Yintai in77 complex. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Hydrology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG/220px-China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG/330px-China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG/440px-China_Hangzhou_Nine_Greeks_Meandering_Through_a_Misty_Forest.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Misty Trees by Nine Streams</figcaption></figure>With a catchment area spanning 21.22 square kilometers, the lake supports an annual runoff and storage volume of about 14 million cubic meters each. The lake draws around 120 million cubic meters of water annually from the Qiantang River. Natural inflows come from the Jinsha, Longhong, Qishan (also known as Huiyin), and Changqiao streams. The lake's water level is maintained at a consistent Yellow Sea reference level of 7.15 meters, fluctuating by only ±0.05 meters. Seasonal water levels range from a high of 7.70 meters to a low of 6.92 meters, with a variation of approximately 50 centimeters. With a storage capacity of about 14.3 million cubic meters, the lake averages 2.27 meters in depth, reaching a maximum of 5 meters and a minimum of less than 1 meter. Average annual precipitation directly over the lake amounts to 5.63 million cubic meters, while the lake's water system has a scour coefficient of 1.49. During dry seasons, when the reservoir gate is closed, the flow rate drops to zero, and even during the flood season, it rarely exceeds 0.05 m/s.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Located on the southeastern edge of China's hilly regions and the northern boundary of the subtropical zone, West Lake receives an annual solar radiation of 100–110 kcal/cm2 and enjoys 1,800–2,100 sunshine hours per year.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Due to Hangzhou's mild climate, the West Lake seldom freezes during winter. The last complete freezing of the lake occurred in January 1977, when the city experienced extreme cold, with temperatures plunging to a record low of -8.6 °C. Partial and temporary freezing, however, is observed almost annually, contingent on weather conditions.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Flora">edit</a>]</div> The West Lake is surrounded by rich and varied vegetation. Within the nominated area, there are 1,369 species of spermatophytes from 739 genera in 184 families, including 28 gymnosperm species from 19 genera in 7 families and 1,273 angiosperm species from 675 genera in 150 families. Additionally, there are 68 species of pteridophytes from 45 genera in 27 families.<a href="#cite_note-:23-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seasonal_Flowers">Seasonal Flowers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Seasonal Flowers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96._%E5%B2%B3%E6%B9%96-%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%A6%E6%A1%A5_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="817" /></a><figcaption>Lotus Flowers upon the Yuehu Lake</figcaption></figure> The four main seasonal flowers of the West Lake landscape—<a href="/wiki/Peach_blossom" title="Peach blossom">peach blossoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">lotus flowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmanthus" title="Osmanthus">osmanthus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume">plum blossoms</a>—are closely connected to Hangzhou's cultural heritage such as the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Scenes_of_West_Lake" title="Ten Scenes of West Lake">Ten Scenes of West Lake</a>. These plants embody the concept of integrating seasonal beauty into the landscape design of these scenic areas.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a> <ul><li>Peach trees and willows line the shores and causeways, adding colour to the lake during spring and early summer. On the Su and Bai Causeways, one willow are typically intercropped with one peach, a pattern designed by Su Shi in the 11th century.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a></li> <li>Lotus flowers are grown in 14 designated areas covering around 20 hectares, primarily found in the North Inner Lake and Yuehu Lake.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a></li> <li>Osmanthus trees are widely planted throughout the gardens along the banks of the West Lake, with Manjuelong and the Hangzhou Botanical Garden being the most notable spots for their dense plantings and fragrant blooms in autumn.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a></li> <li>The plum blossom, which represents steadfastness and purity in Chinese culture, are grown in Lingfeng Hill, Gushan Hill, and the Xixi Stream.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longjing_Tea">Longjing Tea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Longjing Tea">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg/220px-%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg/330px-%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg/440px-%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%95%E6%9D%91%E8%8C%B6%E5%9B%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Tea Plantation at Longjin</figcaption></figure>The Longjing Tea Plantation is nestled in the hills to the west of the West Lake and is renowned for producing Longjing tea, a variety that thrives due to the unique geographical conditions of the area. The tea plants are cultivated on the slopes of these hills, arranged on curved or open terraces near brooks in neatly organised plots. This region benefits from a monsoonal humid climate typical of the northern subtropical zone, characterised by distinct seasons, adequate rainfall, and year-round moisture. The plantation's micro-climate, influenced by its location between the Qiantang River to the north and the Jiuxi Streams to the south, creates a foggy and misty environment ideal for tea growth, especially in spring. The surrounding hills, such as Tianzhu Hill and Beigao Peak, protect the area from cold winds, while the valley leading to the Qiantang River draws in humid air, maintaining a warm, wet climate.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_trees">Ancient trees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Ancient trees">edit</a>]</div> The area around the West Lake also features numerous ancient and rare trees, many associated with historic temples and monasteries such as Lingyin Temple and Tianzhu Temple, as well as Wushan and Gushan Hills. Among these, 125 trees from 22 species are over 300 years old, serving as living records of the region's ecological history.<a href="#cite_note-:23-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> According to the Hangzhou Statistical Bureau, in 2017, the West Lake Scenic Area recorded a <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">gross regional product</a> of 112.11 billion yuan (approximately 16.70 billion US dollars). The services sector contributed around 90% of this figure, while manufacturing accounted for roughly 10%, and agriculture contributed less than 0.1%. The GDP per capita for the region was 136,330 yuan (approximately 20,302 US dollars).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg/220px-Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg/330px-Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg/440px-Hochzeitspaar_am_Westsee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4740" data-file-height="3307" /></a><figcaption>People taking wedding photos by the West Lake</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> Recognised as a National Key Scenic Resort in 1982 and designated a <a href="/wiki/AAAAA_Tourist_Attractions_of_China" title="AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China">national AAAAA tourist destination</a> in 2006, the West Lake Scenic Area is one of China's most popular tourist attractions and a significant cultural landmark.<a href="#cite_note-:11-69">[69]</a> In 2002, the municipal government removed the park walls, allowing free access to most areas around the lake. This made the West Lake the first major tourist destination to eliminate admission fees, with the aim of boosting the sales of nearby restaurants, hotels, and retail stores.<a href="#cite_note-:20-12">[12]</a> Despite most scenic spots around the lake being free, the non-free scenic spots within the scenic area include <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Zoo" title="Hangzhou Zoo">Hangzhou Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Botanical_Garden" title="Hangzhou Botanical Garden">Hangzhou Botanical Garden</a>, Mulan Mountain Tea Garden, Feilai Peak Scenic Area (with <a href="/wiki/Lingyin_Temple" title="Lingyin Temple">Lingyin Temple</a> inside), Guo Villa, <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei_Temple" title="Yue Fei Temple">Yue Fei Temple</a>, Yellow Dragon Cave, <a href="/wiki/Liuhe_Pagoda" title="Liuhe Pagoda">Liuhe Pagoda</a> Park, <a href="/wiki/Dreaming_of_the_Tiger_Spring" title="Dreaming of the Tiger Spring">Galloping Tiger</a> Park, Bamboo-Lined Path at Yunqi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=City_God_Pavilion_of_Hangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City God Pavilion of Hangzhou (page does not exist)">City God Pavilion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wansong_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wansong Academy (page does not exist)">Wansong Academy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Park_(Hangzhou)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Children's Park (Hangzhou) (page does not exist)">Children's Park</a>, the Former Residence of <a href="/wiki/Hu_Xueyan" title="Hu Xueyan">Hu Xueyan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leifeng_Pagoda" title="Leifeng Pagoda">Leifeng Pagoda</a>. Each year, the scenic area receive more than 30 million visitors.<a href="#cite_note-:25-70">[70]</a> During public holidays, the West Lake is one of the most crowded scenic spots in China.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> During the 2024 National Day holiday, the area recorded 4.426 million visitors over seven days, representing a 30.92% increase compared to the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-:21-14">[14]</a> Following the free-access policy, the income of the scenic area increased substantially, from 29.4 billion yuan in 2002 to 400.5 billion yuan in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> This strategic move contributed to the area's economic resilience during the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2008 financial crisis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> by reducing dependence on admission fees as a primary source of income.<a href="#cite_note-:20-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> Historically, the lake needs to strike a balance between aquaculture and irrigation. By the 6th century, the West Lake became an irrigation source, supported by a network of canals aiding rice cultivation. From the 7th century, it provided local residents with fish, aquatic animals (e.g., snails, crabs), and both wild and cultivated plants (e.g., water chestnuts, wild rice shoots), which inspired local cuisine. Absence of intensive management from the government, as seen in the Yuan and Republican era, often led to extensive aquaculture of the lake, while periodic dredging to maintain its irrigation function also temporarily affected habitats and reduced plant food sources. In the 1980s, the annual fish yield peaked at approximately 400 tons but was later reduced to around 250 tons due to regulatory measures aimed at improving water quality.<a href="#cite_note-:25-70">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Hangzhou" title="Longjing, Hangzhou">Longjing Tea Plantation</a>, situated in the hills west of the West Lake, has been a cornerstone of Chinese tea culture for centuries.<a href="#cite_note-:24-67">[67]</a> Longjing tea, a renowned variety of Chinese green tea, is produced from fresh, non-fermented leaves native to the West Lake area.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Before the anti-corruption movement led by Xi Jinping in 2014, Longjing tea was highly valued and often gifted, at times even surpassing the price of gold.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 2019, the core West Lake production area yielded 502.35 tons, generating a revenue of 3.22 billion yuan (approximately 465.57 million US dollars).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Gastronomy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg/220px-West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg/330px-West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg/440px-West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy" title="West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy">West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Hangzhou cuisine</a>, one of the eight traditional cuisines of China,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> is renowned for its light, mild flavours with a hint of sweetness.<a href="#cite_note-:19-79">[79]</a> Thanks to its geographical location, which provides access to an abundance of seasonal ingredients, Hangzhou cuisine is divided into two main types: lake cuisine and city cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-:19-79">[79]</a> Historically, these types catered to distinguished officials and the broader population, respectively. Lake cuisine emphasises fish, shrimp, and vegetables, while city cuisine uses more commonly available local meats.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Signature dishes made from West Lake's freshwater fish and lotus root include <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy" title="West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy">West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beggar%27s_chicken" title="Beggar's chicken">Beggar's Chicken</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:19-79">[79]</a> However, despite its rich tradition, Hangzhou cuisine faces declining popularity among younger generations. This is attributed to limited options that effectively balance price and taste, earning the city a reputation as a "food desert."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">A Trip to Lake Abundant</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I've never traveled to Hangzhou's West Lake But seem to have met it in my dreams someplace: A vague and indistinct expanse of water and clouds Where lotus leaves merge with weeping-willow branches. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Huang Zunxian (1848–1905), Translation by Jerry Dean Schmidt<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></cite> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garden_designs">Garden designs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Garden designs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_(%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82)Gifukoen014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_%28%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82%29Gifukoen014.jpg/220px-%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_%28%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82%29Gifukoen014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_%28%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82%29Gifukoen014.jpg/330px-%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_%28%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82%29Gifukoen014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_%28%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82%29Gifukoen014.jpg/440px-%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92_%28%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82%29Gifukoen014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Japan-China Friendship Garden, <a href="/wiki/Gifu" title="Gifu">Gifu</a></figcaption></figure> A human-made landscape,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> the West Lake exemplifies Chinese landscape aesthetics, symbolising harmony between humans and nature as well as the projection of human emotions onto natural scenery. The poetic names create framed views of scenery to be seen from specific locations.<a href="#cite_note-:18-84">[84]</a> The West Lake landscape embodies six key elements inspired by Chinese literature:<a href="#cite_note-:14-3">[3]</a> <ul><li>Natural hills and waters;</li> <li>A spatial arrangement with hills on three sides and the city on the fourth;</li> <li>A layout featuring two causeways and three isles;</li> <li>The tradition of poetic names for scenic spots;</li> <li>Historic monuments and sites;</li> <li>Distinctive flora.</li></ul> Since the Song dynasty, people imitated the views of the West Lake in their private gardens, borrowing one or more features of the West Lake. Such examples include the <a href="/wiki/Kunming_Lake" title="Kunming Lake">Kunming Lake</a> and the West Causeway at the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, the Lower Lake at the <a href="/wiki/Chengde_Mountain_Resort" title="Chengde Mountain Resort">Summer Retreat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Rehe</a>, the poetic place names at the <a href="/wiki/Kyu_Shiba_Rikyu_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyu Shiba Rikyu Garden">Kyu Shiba Rikyu Garden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koishikawa_K%C5%8Drakuen_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Koishikawa Kōrakuen Garden">Koishikawa Kōrakuen Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:18-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kintai_Bridge" title="Kintai Bridge">Kintaikyo Bridge</a> in Iwakuni, Japan was inspired by bridges over the West Lake of Hangzhou.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 1989, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan-China_Friendship_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan-China Friendship Garden (page does not exist)">Japan-China Friendship Garden</a>, which involves a miniature replica of the West Lake, was built inside the <a href="/wiki/Gifu_Park" title="Gifu Park">Gifu Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gifu,_Gifu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gifu, Gifu">Gifu</a>, Japan, in memory of the city's friendly tie with Hangzhou since 1979.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_arts">Fine arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Fine arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Lake_on_RMB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/West_Lake_on_RMB.jpg/220px-West_Lake_on_RMB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/West_Lake_on_RMB.jpg/330px-West_Lake_on_RMB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/West_Lake_on_RMB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon on the Chinese banknote</figcaption></figure>For centuries, the West Lake has also been a prominent theme in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> landscape painting,<a href="#cite_note-:11-69">[69]</a> even though many painters may have never seen the lake in person.<a href="#cite_note-:12-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Cultural_Heritage_Administration" title="National Cultural Heritage Administration">State Administration of Cultural Heritage</a> (2011) listed more than 500 paintings and calligraphic works that feature the West Lake since the Tang dynasty (618–907),<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> while Japanese paintings of the lake may even outnumber the existing Chinese depictions.<a href="#cite_note-:12-87">[87]</a> In 1928, the <a href="/wiki/China_Academy_of_Art" title="China Academy of Art">National Academy of Art</a> was founded by the West Lake as the country's first higher education institution in art.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> As a cultural icon of China, it has been featured on <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Chinese currency</a>, including the one-yuan <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknote</a> in the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_certificate" title="Foreign exchange certificate">Foreign Exchange Certificate</a><a href="#cite_note-:28-7">[7]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Fifth series of the renminbi">2005 Renminbi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:29-8">[8]</a> as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:30-9">[9]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Selected art works featuring the West Lake </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Age </th> <th>Author </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefectural_Museum_of_Art" title="Ishikawa Prefectural Museum of Art">Ishikawa Prefectural Museum of Art</a> </td> <td>View of West Lake<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_painting" title="Japanese painting">Japanese painting</a> </td> <td>1496 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%ABgetsu_T%C5%8Dkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shūgetsu Tōkan (page does not exist)">Shūgetsu Tōkan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum" title="Tokyo National Museum">Tokyo National Museum</a> </td> <td>The Scholar Weng Songnian Collecting Water Shields<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a> </td> <td>17th century </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dou_Cishan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dou Cishan (page does not exist)">Dou Cishan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weng_Songnian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weng Songnian (page does not exist)">Weng Songnian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ten Views of West Lake<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy" title="Japanese calligraphy">Japanese calligraphy</a> </td> <td>1720 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hosoi_K%C5%8Dtaku" title="Hosoi Kōtaku">Hosoi Kōtaku</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Lake in Spring, High Tide at Qiantang<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td> <td>Japanese painting </td> <td>18th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ike_no_Taiga" title="Ike no Taiga">Ike Taiga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umi-Mori_Art_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umi-Mori Art Museum (page does not exist)">Umi-Mori Art Museum</a> </td> <td>A fish selling woman and a hermit in the West Lake<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">Woodblock prints</a> </td> <td>Qing dynasty </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edo-Tokyo_Museum" title="Edo-Tokyo Museum">Edo-Tokyo Museum</a> </td> <td>The Best Scenic Spot in China, Beautiful Views of West Lake<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Printed_matter" title="Printed matter">Printed material</a> </td> <td>20th century </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Imperial_Collections" title="Museum of the Imperial Collections">The Museum of the Imperial Collections</a> </td> <td>Chinese Traditional Arch at West Lake<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil painting</a> </td> <td>20th century </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kojima_Torajiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kojima Torajiro (page does not exist)">Kojima Torajiro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a> </td> <td>Ten Scenes Around West Lake<a href="#cite_note-:22-97">[97]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese painting</a> </td> <td>13th century </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_Xiaoyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye Xiaoyan (page does not exist)">Ye Xiaoyan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ten Scenes from the West Lake<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td> <td>Chinese painting </td> <td>1750 </td> <td>Dong Bangda </td></tr> <tr> <td>Imperially Commissioned Set of Ink Sticks with Images and Poems of Famous West Lake Sites<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td> <td>Studio implements </td> <td>18th century </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts">National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts</a> </td> <td>West Lake, in Hang Jou<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Watercolor_painting" title="Watercolor painting">Watercolour</a> </td> <td>1948 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Pai-sui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma Pai-sui (page does not exist)">Ma Pai-sui</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/M%2B" title="M+">M+ Museum</a> </td> <td>West Lake </td> <td rowspan="2">Photography </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>Xue Zijiang </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mao in a private meditation, West Lake </td> <td>1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hou_Bo" title="Hou Bo">Hou Bo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/China_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="China mainland">China mainland</a> </td> <td>10 sites around the West Lake </td> <td>The Imperial Stele of Ten Scenes of West Lake<a href="#cite_note-:32-101">[101]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a> </td> <td>1699-1784 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong</a> emperors </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Provincial_Museum" title="Liaoning Provincial Museum">Liaoing Provincial Museum</a> </td> <td>Ten Scenes of West Lake<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td> <td>Chinese painting </td> <td>17th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yuanqi" title="Wang Yuanqi">Wang Yuanqi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a> </td> <td>West Lake<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td> <td>Japense painting </td> <td>mid-1700s </td> <td>Ike Taiga </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> </td> <td>West Lake, Hangzhou <a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td> <td>Sketch </td> <td>20th century </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xie_Zhiliu" title="Xie Zhiliu">Xie Zhiliu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinshan_Island_and_West_Lake" title="Jinshan Island and West Lake">Jinshan Island and West Lake</a> </td> <td>Japense painting </td> <td>1630 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Sanraku" title="Kanō Sanraku">Kanō Sanraku</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Asian_Art" title="National Museum of Asian Art">National Museum of Asian Art</a> </td> <td>Scenic Attractions of West Lake </td> <td>Chinese painting </td> <td>14th century </td> <td>Formerly attributed to <a href="/wiki/Li_Song_(painter)" title="Li Song (painter)">Li Song</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg/220px-%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg/330px-%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg/440px-%E6%B8%B8%E6%B9%96_20231026.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4175" data-file-height="2783" /></a><figcaption>The scene of Yun opera <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_White_Snake" title="Legend of the White Snake">The Legend of the White Snake</a>, where the hero and heroine first met over the West Lake</figcaption></figure>The West Lake has deeply influenced Chinese literature, inspiring poets and writers for centuries. Works by poets such as <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xu_Zhimo" title="Xu Zhimo">Xu Zhimo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu Shih</a> celebrate its historic sites and natural beauty. The Ming essayist Zhang Dai also honoured the lake in his writings, including <a href="/wiki/Dream_Memories_of_Tao%E2%80%99an" class="mw-redirect" title="Dream Memories of Tao’an">Reminiscence and Dream of Tao'an</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Search_for_West_Lake_in_Dreams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Search for West Lake in Dreams (page does not exist)">Search for West Lake in Dreams</a>. In folklore, the West Lake serves as the setting for several popular tales, including <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_White_Snake" title="Legend of the White Snake">The Legend of the White Snake</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-106">[106]</a> the stories of <a href="/wiki/Ji_Gong" title="Ji Gong">Ji Gong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-106">[106]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_Lovers" title="Butterfly Lovers">Butterfly Lovers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-106">[106]</a> During the 1920s and 1930s, the West Lake was a prominent theme in popular film music. The Cantonese songwriter <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Wencheng" title="Lü Wencheng">Lü Wencheng</a> composed the classic <a href="/wiki/Autumn_Moon_Over_the_Calm_Lake" title="Autumn Moon Over the Calm Lake">Autumn Moon Over the Calm Lake</a> and Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon during his 1930s visit, while Tan Peiyun contributed Listening to Orioles at Willow Waves. These compositions are now considered staples of Cantonese music. The 1959 violin concerto Butterfly Lovers, inspired by the Yue Opera adaptation, remains a celebrated piece in Chinese orchestral repertoire. Between 2004 and 2008, Wang Guoping compiled *The West Lake Series*, which includes the extensive Collection of Documents about the West Lake (30 volumes) and The Complete Library of the West Lake (50 volumes). The influence of the West Lake extends to film and performance. The 2005 Hong Kong film <a href="/wiki/A_West_Lake_Moment" title="A West Lake Moment">A West Lake Moment</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Yim_Ho" title="Yim Ho">Yim Ho</a> and Yang Zi. Since 2006, the Hangzhou Art Week has been rebranded as the Spring of West Lake Art Festival. In 2007, director <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yimou" title="Zhang Yimou">Zhang Yimou</a> launched Impression West Lake, a popular and ongoing lakeside performance. Additionally, the West Lake International Documentary Festival, initiated in 2017, has become a significant event in China's film scene. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> The following places are named after or associated with the West Lake: <ul><li>Administrative division: Xihu Subdistrict, <a href="/wiki/Xihu,_Hangzhou" title="Xihu, Hangzhou">Xihu District</a>, Hubin Subdistrict</li> <li>Roads: Xihu Avenue, Hubin Road, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubin_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubin Park (page does not exist)">Hubin Park</a>, West Lake Tunnel</li> <li>Schools: West Lake Primary School, Hangzhou West Lake Senior High School, Hangzhou West Lake Vocational High School, <a href="/wiki/Westlake_University" title="Westlake University">Westlake University</a></li> <li>Buildings: <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Cultural_Square" title="West Lake Cultural Square">West Lake Cultural Plaza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake_Cinema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Lake Cinema (page does not exist)">West Lake Cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Museum" title="West Lake Museum">West Lake Museum</a>, West Lake State Guest House, Xizi Hotel</li> <li>Lakes: <a href="/wiki/Slender_West_Lake" title="Slender West Lake">Slender West Lake</a> of Yangzhou, <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Huizhou)" title="West Lake (Huizhou)">West Lake</a> of <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>Festivals: West Lake International Documentary Festival, West Lake Day</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/28px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/42px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/56px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lakes" title="Portal:Lakes">Lakes portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_landscape" title="Cultural landscape">Cultural landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hangzhou" title="Timeline of Hangzhou">Timeline of Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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Archive of protection and Monitoring of the water in West Lake (in Chinese) </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eco.gov.cn/news_info/40315.html">"杭州西湖"</a>. eco.gov.cn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030060942/http://www.eco.gov.cn/news_info/40315.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-30. 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Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes. 43 (4): 279–297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14601176.2023.2267375">10.1080/14601176.2023.2267375</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1460-1176">1460-1176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+the+History+of+Gardens+%26+Designed+Landscapes&rft.atitle=Exploring+1800+years+of+ecosystem+services+from+West+Lake%2C+Hangzhou%2C+China&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=279-297&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14601176.2023.2267375&rft.issn=1460-1176&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Xin&rft.au=Wu%2C+Hong&rft.au=Gorenflo%2C+Larry+J.&rft.au=Wu%2C+Chengzhao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F14601176.2023.2267375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF彭琤琳2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">彭琤琳 (2021-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/619644/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%80%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%AF%80-%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%81%87%E6%9C%9F%E9%A6%96%E6%97%A5%E6%B9%A7%E7%8F%BE%E5%87%BA%E9%81%8A%E6%BD%AE-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E9%80%BC%E6%BB%BF%E9%81%8A%E5%AE%A2">"五一勞動節｜內地假期首日湧現出遊潮北京故宮杭州西湖逼滿遊客"</a>. 香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221113509/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/619644/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%80%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%AF%80-%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%81%87%E6%9C%9F%E9%A6%96%E6%97%A5%E6%B9%A7%E7%8F%BE%E5%87%BA%E9%81%8A%E6%BD%AE-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E9%80%BC%E6%BB%BF%E9%81%8A%E5%AE%A2">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-21. 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Artibus Asiae. 62 (1): 33–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3250281">10.2307/3250281</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-3648">0004-3648</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3250281">3250281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artibus+Asiae&rft.atitle=Autumn+Moon+and+Lingering+Snow%3A+Kano+Sansetsu%27s+West+Lake+Screens&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-80&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0004-3648&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3250281%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3250281&rft.aulast=McKelway&rft.aufirst=Matthew+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3250281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFState_Administration_of_Cultural_Heritage2011">State Administration of Cultural Heritage 2011</a>, Annex C.4-2 Catalog of Paintings and Calligraphic Works about West Lake </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFState_Administration_of_Cultural_Heritage2011">State Administration of Cultural Heritage 2011</a>, Annex C.1-3 Chronology of West Lake (Literature, Paintings, Calligraphic and Art Works) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/R4-00011,html">"西湖図、秋月等観（1496年）作｜検索詳細｜地域観光資源の多言語解説文データベース"</a>. 地域観光資源の多言語解説文データベース (in Japanese). 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Retrieved 2024-11-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Palace+Museum&rft.atitle=Silent+Poetry%3A+Delicate+Painting+from+the+Southern+Song+Dynasty&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheme.npm.edu.tw%2Fexh111%2FSilentPoetry%2Fen%2Fpage-4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theme.npm.edu.tw/opendata/DigitImageSets.aspx?sNo=04025735&lang=2">"Ten Scenes from the West Lake"</a>. The National Palace Museum Open Data Platform. Retrieved 2024-11-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Palace+Museum+Open+Data+Platform&rft.atitle=Ten+Scenes+from+the+West+Lake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheme.npm.edu.tw%2Fopendata%2FDigitImageSets.aspx%3FsNo%3D04025735%26lang%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1942.215">"Imperially Commissioned Set of Ink Sticks with Images and Poems of Famous West Lake Sites | Cleveland Museum of Art"</a>. www.clevelandart.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527160952/https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1942.215">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-11-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clevelandart.org&rft.atitle=Imperially+Commissioned+Set+of+Ink+Sticks+with+Images+and+Poems+of+Famous+West+Lake+Sites+%7C+Cleveland+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandart.org%2Fart%2F1942.215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntmofa-collections.ntmofa.gov.tw/en/GalData.aspx?RNO=M8MSMRMLMAM6MHMY&FROM=5T5J54KJM35BKK52">"West Lake,in Hang Jou"</a>. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Taiwan+Museum+of+Fine+Arts&rft.atitle=West+Lake%2Cin+Hang+Jou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntmofa-collections.ntmofa.gov.tw%2Fen%2FGalData.aspx%3FRNO%3DM8MSMRMLMAM6MHMY%26FROM%3D5T5J54KJM35BKK52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-101"><a href="#cite_ref-:32_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/wghz/content/2018-05/11/content_6868723_0.htm"><bdi lang="zh">春游科普：西湖十景御碑的故事</bdi></a> [About spring outing: the story of imperial steles of the Ten Scenes of West Lake]. <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Provincial_Museum" title="Zhejiang Provincial Museum">Zhejiang Provincial Museum</a>. 2018-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zhejiang+Provincial+Museum&rft.atitle=%E6%98%A5%E6%B8%B8%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%9A%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF%E5%BE%A1%E7%A2%91%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhznews.hangzhou.com.cn%2Fwghz%2Fcontent%2F2018-05%2F11%2Fcontent_6868723_0.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huajia.cc/n/201708/1504473494.html">"王原祁：西湖十景图的误区"</a>. 美术报. 2017-08-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E6%8A%A5&rft.atitle=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8E%9F%E7%A5%81%EF%BC%9A%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%81%E6%99%AF%E5%9B%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AF%E5%8C%BA&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huajia.cc%2Fn%2F201708%2F1504473494.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1970.69">"West Lake | Cleveland Museum of Art"</a>. www.clevelandart.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240413212946/https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1970.69">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-13. Retrieved 2024-11-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clevelandart.org&rft.atitle=West+Lake+%7C+Cleveland+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandart.org%2Fart%2F1970.69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/75619">"Xie Zhiliu | West Lake, Hangzhou | China"</a>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2024-11-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Xie+Zhiliu+%7C+West+Lake%2C+Hangzhou+%7C+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F75619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/story/legend-of-the-white-snake/CgVhg_73SS0vJA?hl=en">"Legend of the White Snake"</a>. Google Arts & Culture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240522052911/https://artsandculture.google.com/story/legend-of-the-white-snake/CgVhg_73SS0vJA?hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-11-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Arts+%26+Culture&rft.atitle=Legend+of+the+White+Snake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fstory%2Flegend-of-the-white-snake%2FCgVhg_73SS0vJA%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_106-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangZheng2008" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Ying; Zheng, Linxin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730802">"Development research of cultural creative industry based on the intangible cultural heritage in Hangzhou"</a>. 2008 9th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design and Conceptual Design. IEEE. pp. 1293–1297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fcaidcd.2008.4730802">10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730802</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-3290-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-3290-5"><bdi>978-1-4244-3290-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Development+research+of+cultural+creative+industry+based+on+the+intangible+cultural+heritage+in+Hangzhou&rft.btitle=2008+9th+International+Conference+on+Computer-Aided+Industrial+Design+and+Conceptual+Design&rft.pages=1293-1297&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fcaidcd.2008.4730802&rft.isbn=978-1-4244-3290-5&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Ying&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Linxin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1109%2Fcaidcd.2008.4730802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatuszak2015" class="citation web cs1">Matuszak, Sascha (2015-12-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/ji-gong-the-master-hidden-beneath-rags/">"Ji Gong: The Master Hidden Beneath Rags"</a>. VICE. Retrieved 2024-11-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VICE&rft.atitle=Ji+Gong%3A+The+Master+Hidden+Beneath+Rags&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft.aulast=Matuszak&rft.aufirst=Sascha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fji-gong-the-master-hidden-beneath-rags%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tcmb.culture.tw/zh-tw/detail?indexCode=Culture_Object&id=328072">"〈三伯英臺遊西湖〉"</a>. National Museum of Taiwan History (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2024-11-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+Taiwan+History&rft.atitle=%E3%80%88%E4%B8%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%8B%B1%E8%87%BA%E9%81%8A%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E3%80%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftcmb.culture.tw%2Fzh-tw%2Fdetail%3FindexCode%3DCulture_Object%26id%3D328072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwan-zhejiang.com/megazine/062/main.php?lang=CN&f=f03#:~:text=%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%B4%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%9C%E5%9D%A1%E8%AC%AB%E8%B4%AC%E6%83%A0%E5%B7%9E,%EF%BC%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%8A%E4%B9%9F%E3%80%82%E3%80%8D">"浙江省旅台灣同鄉聯誼總會"</a>. www.taiwan-zhejiang.com. Retrieved 2024-11-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taiwan-zhejiang.com&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81%E6%97%85%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%90%8C%E9%84%89%E8%81%AF%E8%AA%BC%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwan-zhejiang.com%2Fmegazine%2F062%2Fmain.php%3Flang%3DCN%26f%3Df03%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%25E6%258D%25AE%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E8%258B%258F%25E4%25B8%259C%25E5%259D%25A1%25E8%25AC%25AB%25E8%25B4%25AC%25E6%2583%25A0%25E5%25B7%259E%2C%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E6%25B9%2596%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%258F%258A%25E4%25B9%259F%25E3%2580%2582%25E3%2580%258D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuan2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Duan, Xiaolin (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26017">Scenic Beauty outside the City: Tourism around Hangzhou's West Lake in the Southern Song (1127-1276)</a> (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1773%2F26017">1773/26017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Scenic+Beauty+outside+the+City%3A+Tourism+around+Hangzhou%27s+West+Lake+in+the+Southern+Song+%281127-1276%29&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Washington&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1773%2F26017&rft.aulast=Duan&rft.aufirst=Xiaolin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1773%2F26017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuan2020" class="citation book cs1">Duan, Xiaolin (2020). The rise of West Lake: a cultural landmark in the Song Dynasty. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-74711-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-74711-8"><bdi>978-0-295-74711-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rise+of+West+Lake%3A+a+cultural+landmark+in+the+Song+Dynasty&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-295-74711-8&rft.aulast=Duan&rft.aufirst=Xiaolin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHe2023" class="citation book cs1">He, Qiliang (2023). The people's West Lake: propaganda, nature, and agency in Mao's China, 1949-1976. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-9559-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-9559-4"><bdi>978-0-8248-9559-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+people%27s+West+Lake%3A+propaganda%2C+nature%2C+and+agency+in+Mao%27s+China%2C+1949-1976&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-9559-4&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Qiliang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFState_Administration_of_Cultural_Heritage2011" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration of Cultural Heritage">State Administration of Cultural Heritage</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1334.pdf">West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou</a> (PDF) (Report). Paris, France: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=West+Lake+Cultural+Landscape+of+Hangzhou&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.date=2011&rft.au=State+Administration+of+Cultural+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fuploads%2Fnominations%2F1334.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Lake" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:West_Lake" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:West Lake">West Lake</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/West_Lake" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:West Lake">West Lake</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Xi_Hu" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Xi Hu">Xi Hu</a>, or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hsi_Hu" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hsi Hu">Hsi Hu</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hangzhou#Q502371" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Hangzhou">West Lake</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mildchina.com/hangzhou-attractions/west-lake-ten-views.html">Ten Classic Scenes of West Lake in History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716073459/http://www.mildchina.com/hangzhou-attractions/west-lake-ten-views.html">Archived</a> 2014-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3570">XI-HU (THE WEST LAKE)</a>, World Lake Database</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gis.sinica.edu.tw/showwmts/index.php?s=hangzhou&l=Hangzhou_15K_1938">1936 Map of Hangzhou West Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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tulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lu" title="Mount Lu">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan" title="Huangshan">Huangshan</a></li> <li>Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> of China (Phase I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sanqing" title="Mount Sanqing">Mount Sanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_Mountains" title="Wuyi Mountains">Wuyi Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_of_Confucius" title="Cemetery of Confucius">Cemetery of Confucius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kong_Family_Mansion" title="Kong Family Mansion">Kong Family Mansion</a> in Qufu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xidi" title="Xidi">Xidi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hongcun" title="Hongcun">Hongcun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Kulangsu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese version of UNESCO World Heritage logo"><img alt="Chinese version of UNESCO World Heritage logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg/64px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg/96px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg/128px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient Building Complex in the <a href="/wiki/Wudang_Mountains" title="Wudang Mountains">Wudang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Macau" title="Historic Centre of Macau">Historic Centre of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaolou" title="Diaolou">Kaiping Diaolou and Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></li> <li>Historic Monuments of <a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuojiang_Huashan_Rock_Art" title="Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art">Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulingyuan" title="Wulingyuan">Wulingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinxu" title="Yinxu">Yinxu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengjiang" title="Chengjiang">Chengjiang Fossil Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazu_Rock_Carvings" title="Dazu Rock Carvings">Dazu Rock Carvings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanjingshan" title="Fanjingshan">Fanjingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_Rice_Terraces" title="Honghe Hani Rice Terraces">Honghe Hani Rice Terraces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_Scenic_and_Historic_Interest_Area" title="Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area">Huanglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_of_Lijiang" title="Old Town of Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan" title="Dujiangyan">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potala_Palace" title="Potala Palace">Potala Palace</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Jokhang" title="Jokhang">Jokhang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norbulingka" title="Norbulingka">Norbulingka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries" title="Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries">Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Parallel_Rivers" title="Three Parallel Rivers">Three Parallel Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wutai" title="Mount Wutai">Mount Wutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde_Mountain_Resort" title="Chengde Mountain Resort">Chengde Mountain Resort</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Putuo_Zongcheng_Temple" title="Putuo Zongcheng Temple">Putuo Zongcheng Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xumi_Fushou_Temple" title="Xumi Fushou Temple">Xumi Fushou Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puning_Temple_(Hebei)" title="Puning Temple (Hebei)">Puning Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukoudian" title="Zhoukoudian">Zhoukoudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyao" title="Pingyao">Ancient City of Pingyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Xanadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yungang_Grottoes" title="Yungang Grottoes">Yungang Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Central_Axis" title="Beijing Central Axis">Beijing Central Axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Cities_and_Tombs_of_the_Ancient_Koguryo_Kingdom" title="Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom">Koguryo sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Xinjiang Tianshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoh_Xil" title="Hoh Xil">Qinghai Hoh Xil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Danxia" class="mw-redirect" title="China Danxia">China Danxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Tombs_of_the_Ming_and_Qing_Dynasties" title="Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties">Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Karst" title="South China Karst">South China Karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Roads:_the_Routes_Network_of_Chang%27an-Tianshan_Corridor" title="Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor">Silk Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusi_Sites" title="Tusi Sites">Tusi Sites</a></li> <li>Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> of China (Phase II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badain_Jaran_Desert" title="Badain Jaran Desert">Badain Jaran Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lakes_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lakes_of_China" title="Template:Lakes of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lakes_of_China" title="Template talk:Lakes of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lakes_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lakes of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lakes_of_China" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_China" title="List of lakes of China">Lakes of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five Great Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poyang_Lake" title="Poyang Lake">Poyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_Lake" title="Chao Lake">Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Hongze" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Hongze">Hongze</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Khanka" title="Lake Khanka">Xingkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poyang_Lake" title="Poyang Lake">Poyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulun_Lake" title="Hulun Lake">Hulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Hongze" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Hongze">Hongze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansi_Lake" title="Nansi Lake">Nansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosten_Lake" title="Bosten Lake">Bosten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_Lake" title="Chao Lake">Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou_Lake" title="Gaoyou Lake">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngoring_Lake" title="Ngoring Lake">Ngoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaring_Lake" title="Gyaring Lake">Gyaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayram_Lake_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayram Lake (China)">Sayram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyangdian_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyangdian Lake">Baiyangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Lake" title="Hong Lake">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longgan_Lake" title="Longgan Lake">Longgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangzi_Lake" title="Liangzi Lake">Liangzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Lake" title="Dian Lake">Dianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manasarovar" title="Lake Manasarovar">Manasarovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulansuhai_Nur" title="Ulansuhai Nur">Ulansuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoma_Lake" title="Luoma Lake">Luoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhai_Lake" title="Erhai Lake">Erhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junshan_Lake" title="Junshan Lake">Junshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxian_Lake" title="Fuxian Lake">Fuxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiu_Lake" title="Shijiu Lake">Shiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabu_Lake" title="Wabu Lake">Wabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyi_Lake" title="Nanyi Lake">Nanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_Lake" title="Dongping Lake">Dongping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Lake" title="Ge Lake">Ge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangcheng_Lake" title="Yangcheng Lake">Yangcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenghai_Lake" title="Chenghai Lake">Chenghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianshan_Lake" title="Dianshan Lake">Dianshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzong_Lake" title="Yangzong Lake">Yangzong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyun_Lake" title="Xingyun Lake">Xingyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilu_Lake" title="Qilu Lake">Qilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilong_Lake" title="Yilong Lake">Yilong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayding_Lake" title="Ayding Lake">Ayding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buir_Lake" title="Buir Lake">Buir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagan_Lake_(China)" title="Chagan Lake (China)">Chagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diexi_Lake" title="Diexi Lake">Diexi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongqian_Lake" title="Dongqian Lake">Dongqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Lake" title="Heaven Lake">Heaven (Changbai Tianchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Flower_Pond" title="Hundred Flower Pond">Baihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakul_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakul (China)">Karakul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming_Lake_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunming Lake (Beijing)">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugu_Lake" title="Lugu Lake">Lugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyi_Lake" title="Ruyi Lake">Ruyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lake_(Jiaxing)" title="South Lake (Jiaxing)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangjiashan_Lake" title="Tangjiashan Lake">Tangjiashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cloud_Lake" title="White Cloud Lake">Baiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueya_Lake_(Nanjing)" title="Yueya Lake (Nanjing)">Yueya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanas_Lake" title="Kanas Lake">Kanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushu_Lake" title="Dushu Lake">Dushu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_saltwater_lakes_of_China" title="List of saltwater lakes of China">Notable salt lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_Lake" title="Qinghai Lake">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namtso" title="Namtso">Namtso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siling_Lake" title="Siling Lake">Siling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhari_Namco" title="Zhari Namco">Zhari Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangra_Yumco" title="Tangra Yumco">Tangra Yumco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulungur_Lake" title="Ulungur Lake">Ulungur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamdrok_Lake" title="Yamdrok Lake">Yamdrok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangong_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangong Lake">Pangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Rakshastal" title="Lake Rakshastal">Rakshastal (La-Ang Tso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aibi_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Aibi Lake">Aibi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">National Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_Lake" title="Jingpo Lake">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wudalianchi_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wudalianchi Lake (page does not exist)">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West (Hangzhou)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lake_(Wuhan)" title="East Lake (Wuhan)">East Lake (Wuhan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchi_Lake_(Tianshan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianchi Lake (Tianshan)">Tianshan Tianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhua_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Songhua Lake">Songhua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingyue_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jingyue Lake (page does not exist)">Jingyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim_West_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Slim West Lake">Slim West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Dongting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Dongting">Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hongfeng_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hongfeng Lake (page does not exist)">Hongfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Lake" title="Dian Lake">Dianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Jin_(Taining)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Jin (Taining) (page does not exist)">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Lake_(Dunhuang)" title="Crescent Lake (Dunhuang)">Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_Lake" title="Qinghai Lake">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_Lake" title="Chao Lake">Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Lake" title="Fairy Lake">Fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Huizhou)" title="West Lake (Huizhou)">West (Huizhou)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiong_Lake" title="Qiong Lake">Qiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosten_Lake" title="Bosten Lake">Bosten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feiyun_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feiyun Lake (page does not exist)">Feiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huguang_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huguang Rock (page does not exist)">Huguang Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailong_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailong Lake">Bailong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sayram" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Sayram">Sayram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huating_Lake" title="Huating Lake">Huating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhelin_Reservoir" title="Zhelin Reservoir">Zhelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">Protected</a> <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poyang_Lake" title="Poyang Lake">Poyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulun_Lake" title="Hulun Lake">Hulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dongting_Lake" title="South Dongting Lake">South Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Dongting_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Dongting Lake (page does not exist)">West Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanka_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanka Lake">Xingkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bita_Lake" title="Bita Lake">Bita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Napa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Napa (page does not exist)">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Lashi Lake">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngoring_Lake" title="Ngoring Lake">Nygoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaring_Lake" title="Gyaring Lake">Gyaring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Reserve">Nature Reserves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hengshui_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hengshui Lake (page does not exist)">Hengshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanka_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanka Lake">Xingkai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wudalianchi_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wudalianchi Lake (page does not exist)">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglong_Lake_National_Wetland_Park" title="Yinglong Lake National Wetland Park">Yinglong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiyun_Lake_National_Wetland_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caiyun Lake National Wetland Park (page does not exist)">Caiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shengjin_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shengjin Lake (page does not exist)">Shengjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Poyang">Poyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhai_Lake" title="Erhai Lake">Erhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serling_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Serling Lake">Serling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Lake_(Dunhuang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Lake (Dunhuang) (page does not exist)">West (Dunhuang)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gahai_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gahai Lake (page does not exist)">Gahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_Lake" title="Qinghai Lake">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caohai_Lake" title="Caohai Lake">Caohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulun_Lake" title="Hulun Lake">Hulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanas_Lake" title="Kanas Lake">Kanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Hongze" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Hongze">Hongze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haba_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haba Lake (page does not exist)">Haba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major urban lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West (Hangzhou)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lake_(Wuhan)" title="East Lake (Wuhan)">East (Wuhan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangxun_Lake" title="Tangxun Lake">Tangxun Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming_Lake" title="Kunming Lake">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinji_Lake" title="Jinji Lake">Jinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyuantan_Park" title="Yuyuantan Park">Yuyuantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Huizhou)" title="West Lake (Huizhou)">West (Huizhou)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim_West_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Slim West Lake">Slim West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiye_Lake" title="Taiye Lake">Taiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Lake" title="Dian Lake">Dianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueya_Lake_(Nanjing)" title="Yueya Lake (Nanjing)">Yueya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyi_Lake" title="Ruyi Lake">Ruyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lake_(Jiaxing)" title="South Lake (Jiaxing)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qujiang_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qujiang Lake (page does not exist)">Qujiangchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Pond_Park" title="Lotus Pond Park">Lotus Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cloud_Lake" title="White Cloud Lake">Baiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglong_Lake_National_Wetland_Park" title="Yinglong Lake National Wetland Park">Yinglong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiyun_Lake_National_Wetland_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caiyun Lake National Wetland Park (page does not exist)">Caiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Lake_(Ningbo)" title="Moon Lake (Ningbo)">Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoirs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam">Three Gorges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longtan_Dam" title="Longtan Dam">Longtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyangxia_Dam" title="Longyangxia Dam">Longyangxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou_Dam" title="Danjiangkou Dam">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supung_Lake" title="Supung Lake">Supung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandao_Lake" title="Qiandao Lake">Thousand Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinfengjiang_Reservoir" title="Xinfengjiang Reservoir">Xinfengjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liujiaxia_Reservoir" title="Liujiaxia Reservoir">Liujiaxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshou_Lake" title="Changshou Lake">Changshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantan_Dam" title="Yantan Dam">Yantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangkou_Reservoir" title="Jiangkou Reservoir">Jiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanting_Reservoir" title="Guanting Reservoir">Guanting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyun_Reservoir" title="Miyun Reservoir">Miyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuqiao_Reservoir" title="Yuqiao Reservoir">Yuqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beidagang_Reservoir" title="Beidagang Reservoir">Beidagang</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_China" title="List of dams and reservoirs in China">List of dams and reservoirs in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/28px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/42px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/56px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Lakes" title="Portal:Lakes">Lakes portal</a> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asian_traditional_gardens_and_landscape_design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_garden_styles" title="Template:Chinese garden styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_garden_styles" title="Template talk:Chinese garden styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_garden_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese garden styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asian_traditional_gardens_and_landscape_design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian gardens">East Asian traditional gardens</a> and landscape design</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">Chinese garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Japanese garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_garden" title="Korean garden">Korean garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jiangnan style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Gardens_of_Suzhou" title="Classical Gardens of Suzhou">Classical Gardens of Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Garden" title="Yu Garden">Yu Garden</a></li> <li>Gardens around the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Garden_(Nanjing)" title="Zhan Garden (Nanjing)">Zhan Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaqing_Pool" title="Huaqing Pool">Huaqing Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai_Park" title="Beihai Park">Beihai Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragrant_Hills" title="Fragrant Hills">Fragrant Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde_Mountain_Resort" title="Chengde Mountain Resort">Chengde Mountain Resort</a></li> <li>Rear Garden of <a href="/wiki/Changdeokgung" title="Changdeokgung">Changdeokgung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsura_Imperial_Villa" title="Katsura Imperial Villa">Katsura Imperial Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugakuin_Imperial_Villa" title="Shugakuin Imperial Villa">Shugakuin Imperial Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayama_Imperial_Villa" title="Hayama Imperial Villa">Hayama Imperial Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaki_Imperial_Villa" title="Suzaki Imperial Villa">Suzaki Imperial Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North China style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Garden of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Gong_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Gong Mansion">Prince Gong Mansion</a></li> <li>Gardens in <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_garden" title="Lingnan garden">Lingnan style</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ke Yuan">Ke Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_Hui_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Hui Yuan">Qing Hui Yuan</a></li> <li>Yu Yin Shan Fang</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_garden" title="Sichuanese garden">Sichuanese style</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du_Fu_Thatched_Cottage" title="Du Fu Thatched Cottage">Du Fu Thatched Cottage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502371#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316747070">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1243268/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2008066214">United States</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85146211">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge591219&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553494205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&oldid=1259209020">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Lake&oldid=1259209020</a>"</div></div> <div 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