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benzene</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: benzene"> <meta name="keywords" content="benzene"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="benzene"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 118</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: benzene</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Identifying Dominant Anaerobic Microorganisms for Degradation of Benzene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Peng">Jian Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenhui%20Xiong"> Wenhui Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Lu"> Zheng Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optimal recipe of amendment (nutrients and electron acceptors) was developed and dominant indigenous benzene-degrading microorganisms were characterized in this study. Lessons were learnt from the development of the optimal amendment recipe: (1) salinity and substantial initial concentration of benzene were detrimental for benzene biodegradation; (2) large dose of amendments can shorten the lag time for benzene biodegradation occurrence; (3) toluene was an essential co-substance for promoting benzene degradation activity. The stable isotope probing study identified incorporation 13C from 13C-benzene into microorganisms, which can be considered as a direct evidence of the occurrence of benzene biodegradation. The dominant mechanism for benzene removal was identified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to be nitrate reduction. Microbial analyses (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S ribosomal RNA) demonstrated that members of genus Dokdonella spp., Pusillimonas spp., and Advenella spp. were predominant within the microbial community and involved in the anaerobic benzene bioremediation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title="benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20anaerobic%20bioremediation" title=" enhanced anaerobic bioremediation"> enhanced anaerobic bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20isotope%20probing" title=" stable isotope probing"> stable isotope probing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosep%20biotrap" title=" biosep biotrap"> biosep biotrap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50612/identifying-dominant-anaerobic-microorganisms-for-degradation-of-benzene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Crosslinking of Unsaturated Elastomers in Presence of Aromatic Chlorine-Containing Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiraz%20M.%20Mammadov">Shiraz M. Mammadov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvin%20M.%20Aliyev"> Elvin M. Aliyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20A.%20Garibov"> Adil A. Garibov </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of the disulfochloride benzene in unsaturated rubbers (SKIN, SKN-26) which is in the systems of SKIN+disulfochloride benzene and SKN-26+disulfochloride benzene was studied by the radiation exposure. By the usage of physical, chemical and spectral methods the changes in the molecular structure of the rubber were shown after irradiation by y-rays at 300 kGy. The outputs and the emergence of the crosslinking in the elastomers for each system depending on absorbed dose were defined. It is suggested that the mechanism of radiation occurs by the heterogeneous transformation of elastomers in the presence of disulfochloride benzene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acrylonitrile-butadiene%20rubber" title="acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber">acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinking" title=" crosslinking"> crosslinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyfunctional%20monomers" title=" polyfunctional monomers"> polyfunctional monomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitizier" title=" sensitizier"> sensitizier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulcanization" title=" vulcanization "> vulcanization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8185/crosslinking-of-unsaturated-elastomers-in-presence-of-aromatic-chlorine-containing-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Analysis of Vapor-Phase Diffusion of Benzene from Contaminated Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20A.%20Parlin">Asma A. Parlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Nakamura"> K. Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Watanabe"> N. Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Komai"> T. Komai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the effective diffusion of benzene vapor in the soil-atmosphere interface is important as an intrusion of benzene into the atmosphere from the soil is largely driven by diffusion. To analyze the vertical one dimensional effective diffusion of benzene vapor in porous medium with high water content, diffusion experiments were conducted in soil columns using Andosol soil and Toyoura silica sand with different water content; for soil water content was from 0 to 30 wt.% and for sand it was from 0.06 to 10 wt.%. In soil, a linear relation was found between water content and effective diffusion coefficient while the effective diffusion coefficient didn’t change in the sand with increasing water. A numerical transport model following unsteady-state approaches based on Fick’s second law was used to match the required time for a steady state of the gas phase concentration profile of benzene to the experimentally measured concentration profile gas phase in the column. The result highlighted that both the water content and porosity might increase vertical diffusion of benzene vapor in soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene%20vapor-phase" title="benzene vapor-phase">benzene vapor-phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20diffusion" title=" effective diffusion"> effective diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20soil%20medium" title=" subsurface soil medium"> subsurface soil medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady%20state" title=" unsteady state"> unsteady state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111757/analysis-of-vapor-phase-diffusion-of-benzene-from-contaminated-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Some Liver Functions and Anti-Oxidant Parameters in Wistar Rats Exposed to Benzene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezomoh%20O.%20Olubunmi">Ezomoh O. Olubunmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chukwuma%20S.%20Anakwe"> Chukwuma S. Anakwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekewei%20Progress"> Bekewei Progress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prohp%20The%20Prophet"> Prohp The Prophet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Benzene is a volatile organic compound that is recognised as carcinogenic to humans. The objective of the current investigation was to ascertain the impact of the administration of benzene at varying concentrations on the livers of Wistar rats. The 40 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups, each consisting of four rats. For 28 days, Group 1 received distilled water, while Groups 2 to 10 were administered 0.04,0.06,0.08,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0, and 1.2 ml/kg body weight of analytical grade benzene. Blood samples were obtained through cardiac puncture for liver function assessment, while the animals in groups 1 to 5 were euthanised after the 28th day under chloroform anaesthesia. The animals in groups 6 to 10 died midway through the study period. Antioxidant analysis was conducted on liver tissues that were collected and homogenised. The results indicated a substantial (p<0.05), dose-dependent increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as a result of benzene exposure. Additionally, benzene resulted in a substantial reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver tissue, as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and this effect was dose-dependent. These findings emphasise the hepatotoxic effects of benzene, even at concentrations that are relatively low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title="benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alanine%20aminotransferase" title=" alanine aminotransferase"> alanine aminotransferase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspartate%20aminotransferase" title=" aspartate aminotransferase"> aspartate aminotransferase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20phosphate" title=" alkaline phosphate"> alkaline phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superoxide%20dismutase" title=" superoxide dismutase"> superoxide dismutase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalase" title=" catalase"> catalase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathione%20peroxidase" title=" glutathione peroxidase"> glutathione peroxidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192093/evaluation-of-biochemical-changes-in-some-liver-functions-and-anti-oxidant-parameters-in-wistar-rats-exposed-to-benzene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Possible Endocrinal and Liver Enzymes Toxicities Associated with Long Term Exposure to Benzene in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizah%20Asiri">Faizah Asiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Fathy"> Mohammed Fathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Alghamdi"> Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahlah%20Ayoub"> Nahlah Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Asiri"> Faisal Asiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: - The strategies for this study were based on the toxic effect of long-term inhalation of Benzene on hormones and liver enzymes and various parameters related to it. The following databases were searched: benzene, hepatotoxic, benzene metabolism, hormones, testosterone, hemotoxic, and prolonged exposure. A systematic strategy is designed to search the literature that links benzene with the multiplicity and different types of intoxication or the medical abbreviations of diseases relevant to benzene exposure. Evidence suggests that getting rid of inhaled gasoline is by exhalation. Absorbed benzene is metabolized by giving phenolic acid as well as meconic acid, followed by urinary excretion of conjugate sulfates and glucuronides. Materials and Methods :- This work was conducted in the Al-Khadra laboratory in Taif 2020/2021 and aimed to measure some of the possible endocrinal and liver toxicities associated with benzene's long-term exposure in Saudi Arabia at the station workers who are considered the most exposed category to gasoline. One hundred ten station workers were included in this study. They were divided into four patient groups according to the chronic exposure rate to benzene, one control group, and three other groups of exposures. As follows: patient Group 1 (controlled group), patient Group 2 (exposed less than 1y), patient Group 3 (exposed 1-5 y), patient Group 4 (more than 5). Each group is compared with blood sample parameters (ALT, FSH and Testosterone, TSH). Blood samples were drawn from the participants, and statistical tests were performed. Significant change (p≤0.05) was examined compared to the control group. Workers' exposure to benzene led to a significant change in hematological, hormonal, and hepatic factors compared to the control group. Results:- The results obtained a relationship between long-term exposure to benzene and a decrease in the level of testosterone and FSH hormones, including that it poses a toxic risk in the long term (p≤0.05) when compared to the control. We obtained results confirming that there is no significant coloration between years of exposure and TSH level (p≤0.05) when compared to the control. Conclusion:- We conclude that some hormones and liver enzymes are affected by chronic doses of benzene through inhalation after our study was on the group most exposed to benzene, which is gas station workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicities" title="toxicities">toxicities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title=" benzene"> benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormones" title=" hormones"> hormones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=station%20workers" title=" station workers"> station workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171051/possible-endocrinal-and-liver-enzymes-toxicities-associated-with-long-term-exposure-to-benzene-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Monodisperse Hallow Sandwich MOF for the Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasapriyan%20Vijayan">Srinivasapriyan Vijayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phenol is one of the most vital chemical in industry. Nowadays, phenol production is based upon the three-step cumene process, which involves a hazardous cumene hydroperoxide intermediate and produces nearly equimolar amounts of acetone as a coproduct. An attractive route in phenol production is the direct one-step selective hydroxylation of benzene using eco-friendly oxidants such as O2, N2O, and H2O2. In particular, the direct hydroxylation of benzene to form phenol with O2 has recently attracted extensive research attention because this process is green clean and eco-friendly. However, most of the catalytic systems involving O2 have a low rate of hydroxylation because the direct introduction of hydroxyl functionality into benzene is challenging. Almost all the developed catalytic systems require an elevated temperature and suﬀer from low conversion because of the notoriously low reactivity of aromatic C–H bonds. Moreover, increased reactivity of phenol relative to benzene makes the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol very diﬃcult, especially under heating conditions. Hollow spheres, a very fascinating class of materials with good permeation and low density, highly monodisperse MOF hollow sandwich spheres have been rationally synthesized using monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles as templates through a versatile step-by-step self-assembly strategy. So, our findings could pave the way toward highly efficient nonprecious catalysts for low-temperature oxidation reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Because it is easy post-reaction separation, its cheap, green and recyclable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene%20hydroxylation" title="benzene hydroxylation">benzene hydroxylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-based%20metal%20organic%20frameworks" title=" Fe-based metal organic frameworks"> Fe-based metal organic frameworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20oxygen" title=" molecular oxygen"> molecular oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol" title=" phenol"> phenol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59455/monodisperse-hallow-sandwich-mof-for-the-catalytic-oxidation-of-benzene-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Health Risk Assessment of Exposing to Benzene in Office Building around a Chemical Industry Based on Numerical Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Bayatian">Majid Bayatian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Ashouri"> Mohammadreza Ashouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Releasing hazardous chemicals is one of the major problems for office buildings in the chemical industry and, therefore, environmental risks are inherent to these environments. The adverse health effects of the airborne concentration of benzene have been a matter of significant concern, especially in oil refineries. The chronic and acute adverse health effects caused by benzene exposure have attracted wide attention. Acute exposure to benzene through inhalation could cause headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, and irritation of the skin. Chronic exposures have reported causing aplastic anemia and leukemia at the occupational settings. Association between chronic occupational exposure to benzene and the development of aplastic anemia and leukemia were documented by several epidemiological studies. Numerous research works have investigated benzene emissions and determined benzene concentration at different locations of the refinery plant and stated considerable health risks. The high cost of industrial control measures requires justification through lifetime health risk assessment of exposed workers and the public. In the present study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model has been proposed to assess the exposure risk of office building around a refinery due to its release of benzene. For simulation, GAMBIT, FLUENT, and CFD Post software were used as pre-processor, processor, and post-processor, and the model was validated based on comparison with experimental results of benzene concentration and wind speed. Model validation results showed that the model is highly validated, and this model can be used for health risk assessment. The simulation and risk assessment results showed that benzene could be dispersion to an office building nearby, and the exposure risk has been unacceptable. According to the results of this study, a validated CFD model, could be very useful for decision-makers for control measures and possibly support them for emergency planning of probable accidents. Also, this model can be used to assess exposure to various types of accidents as well as other pollutants such as toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene in different atmospheric conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title="health risk assessment">health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20building" title=" office building"> office building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benzene" title=" Benzene"> Benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127890/health-risk-assessment-of-exposing-to-benzene-in-office-building-around-a-chemical-industry-based-on-numerical-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ambient Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene Concentrations at an International Airport in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20S.%20Johnson">Ryan S. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raeesa%20Moolla"> Raeesa Moolla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Airports are known air pollution hotspots due to the variety of fuel driven activities that take place within the confines of them. As such, people working within airports are particularly vulnerable to exposure of hazardous air pollutants, including hundreds of aromatic hydrocarbons, and more specifically a group of compounds known as BTEX (viz. benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes). These compounds have been identified as being harmful to human and environmental health. Through the use of passive and active sampling methods, the spatial and temporal variability of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene concentrations within the international airport was investigated. Two sampling campaigns were conducted. In order to quantify the temporal variability of concentrations within the airport, an active sampling strategy using the Synspec Spectras Gas Chromatography 955 instrument was used. Furthermore, a passive sampling campaign, using Radiello Passive Samplers was used to quantify the spatial variability of these compounds. In addition, meteorological factors are known to affect the dispersal and dilution of pollution. Thus a Davis Pro-Weather 2 station was utilised in order to measure in situ weather parameters (viz. wind speed, wind direction and temperature). Results indicated that toluene varied on a daily, temporal scale considerably more than other concentrations. Toluene further exhibited a strong correlation with regards to the meteorological parameters, inferring that toluene was affected by these parameters to a greater degree than the other pollutants. The passive sampling campaign revealed BTEXtotal concentrations ranged between 12.95 – 124.04 µg m-3. From the results obtained it is clear that benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene concentrations are heterogeneously spatially dispersed within the airport. Due to the slow wind speeds recorded over the passive sampling campaign (1.13 m s-1.), the hotspots were located close to the main concentration sources. The most significant hotspot was located over the main apron of the airport. It is recommended that further, extensive investigations into the seasonality of hazardous air pollutants at the airport is necessary in order for sound conclusions to be made about the temporal and spatial distribution of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene concentrations within the airport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airport" title="airport">airport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution%20hotspot" title=" air pollution hotspot"> air pollution hotspot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTEX%20concentrations" title=" BTEX concentrations"> BTEX concentrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorology" title=" meteorology"> meteorology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82783/the-spatial-and-temporal-distribution-of-ambient-benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-and-xylene-concentrations-at-an-international-airport-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Potassium Acetate - Coconut Shell Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Benzene and Toluene: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibril%20Mohammed">Jibril Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Dadum%20Hamza"> Usman Dadum Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulsalam%20Surajudeen"> Abdulsalam Surajudeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baba%20Yahya%20Danjuma"> Baba Yahya Danjuma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considerable concerns have been raised over the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water. In this study, coconut shell based activated carbon was produced through chemical activation with potassium acetate (PAAC) for adsorption of benzene and toluene. The porous carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis and nitrogen adsorption tests. Adsorption of benzene and toluene on the porous carbons were conducted at varying concentrations (50-250 mg/l). The high BET surface area of 622 m2/g and highly heteroporous adsorbent prepared gave good removal efficiencies of 79 and 82% for benzene and toluene respectively, with 32% yield. Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms with all the models having R2 > 0.94. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacity of 192 mg/g and 227 mg/g for benzene and toluene respectively. The Webber and Chakkravorti equilibrium parameter (RL) values are between 0 and 1 confirming the favourability of the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The PAAC produced can be used effectively to salvage environmental pollution problems posed by VOCs through a sustainable process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20and%20kinetics%20studies" title=" equilibrium and kinetics studies"> equilibrium and kinetics studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20acetate" title=" potassium acetate"> potassium acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment "> water treatment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47700/potassium-acetate-coconut-shell-activated-carbon-for-adsorption-of-benzene-and-toluene-equilibrium-and-kinetic-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Modeling Sorption and Permeation in the Separation of Benzene/ Cyclohexane Mixtures through Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Crosslinked Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassiba%20Benguergoura">Hassiba Benguergoura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Chanane"> Kamal Chanane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A2ad%20Moulay"> Sâad Moulay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pervaporation (PV), a membrane-based separation technology, has gained much attention because of its energy saving capability and low-cost, especially for separation of azeotropic or close-boiling liquid mixtures. There are two crucial issues for industrial application of pervaporation process. The first is developing membrane material and tailoring membrane structure to obtain high pervaporation performances. The second is modeling pervaporation transport to better understand of the above-mentioned structure–pervaporation relationship. Many models were proposed to predict the mass transfer process, among them, solution-diffusion model is most widely used in describing pervaporation transport including preferential sorption, diffusion and evaporation steps. For modeling pervaporation transport, the permeation flux, which depends on the solubility and diffusivity of components in the membrane, should be obtained first. Traditionally, the solubility was calculated according to the Flory–Huggins theory. Separation of the benzene (Bz)/cyclohexane (Cx) mixture is industrially significant. Numerous papers have been focused on the Bz/Cx system to assess the PV properties of membrane materials. Membranes with both high permeability and selectivity are desirable for practical application. Several new polymers have been prepared to get both high permeability and selectivity. Styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR), dense membranes cross-linked by chloromethylation were used in the separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. The impact of chloromethylation reaction as a new method of cross-linking SBR on the pervaporation performance have been reported. In contrast to the vulcanization with sulfur, the cross-linking takes places on styrene units of polymeric chains via a methylene bridge. The partial pervaporative (PV) fluxes of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were predicted using Fick's first law. The predicted partial fluxes and the PV separation factor agreed well with the experimental data by integrating Fick's law over the benzene concentration. The effects of feed concentration and operating temperature on the predicted permeation flux by this proposed model are investigated. The predicted permeation fluxes are in good agreement with experimental data at lower benzene concentration in feed, but at higher benzene concentration, the model overestimated permeation flux. The predicted and experimental permeation fluxes all increase with operating temperature increasing. Solvent sorption levels for benzene/ cyclohexane mixtures in a SBR membrane were determined experimentally. The results showed that the solvent sorption levels were strongly affected by the feed composition. The Flory- Huggins equation generates higher R-square coefficient for the sorption selectivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title="benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclohexane" title=" cyclohexane"> cyclohexane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervaporation" title=" pervaporation"> pervaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeation" title=" permeation"> permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption%20modeling" title=" sorption modeling"> sorption modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SBR" title=" SBR"> SBR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47063/modeling-sorption-and-permeation-in-the-separation-of-benzene-cyclohexane-mixtures-through-styrene-butadiene-rubber-crosslinked-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Soot Formation in the Field of Combustion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacira%20Mecheri">Nacira Mecheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Boussid"> N. Boussid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new chemical mechanism designed to study the process of forming the first aromatic ring (benzene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from a flame of acetylene (C2H2) has been developed. The mechanism developed, contains 50 chemical species involved in 268 reversible elementary reactions. The comparison between the results from modelling and experimental measurements allowed us to test the validity of the postulated mechanism in specific experimental conditions. Kinetic analysis of the flame by calculating the maximum rates for each elementary reaction, allowed us to identify key reactions pathways of consumption and formation of main precursors of soot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title="benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAH" title=" PAH"> PAH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylene" title=" acetylene"> acetylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame" title=" flame"> flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soot" title=" soot"> soot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40140/soot-formation-in-the-field-of-combustion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Improved Benzene Selctivity for Methane Dehydroaromatization via Modifying the Zeolitic Pores by Dual Templating Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepti%20Mishra">Deepti Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K%20Pant"> K. K Pant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiu%20Song%20Zhao"> Xiu Song Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muxina%20Konarova"> Muxina Konarova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catalytic transformation of simplest hydrocarbon methane into benzene and valuable chemicals over Mo/HZSM-5 has a great economic potential, however, it suffers serious hurdles due to the blockage in the micropores because of extensive coking at high temperature during methane dehydroaromatization (MDA). Under such conditions, it necessitates the design of micro/mesoporous ZSM-5, which has the advantages viz. uniform dispersibility of MoOx species, consequently the formation of active Mo sites in the micro/mesoporous channel and lower carbon deposition because of improved mass transfer rate within the hierarchical pores. In this study, we report a unique strategy to control the porous structures of ZSM-5 through a dual templating approach, utilizing C6 and C12 -surfactants as porogen. DFT studies were carried out to correlate the ZSM-5 framework development using the C6 and C12 surfactants with structure directing agent. The structural and morphological parameters of the synthesized ZSM-5 were explored in detail to determine the crystallinity, porosity, Si/Al ratio, particle shape, size, and acidic strength, which were further correlated with the physicochemical and catalytic properties of Mo modified HZSM-5 catalysts. After Mo incorporation, all the catalysts were tested for MDA reaction. From the activity test, it was observed that C6 surfactant-modified hierarchically porous Mo/HZSM-5(H) showed the highest benzene formation rate (1.5 μmol/gcat. s) and longer catalytic stability up to 270 min of reaction as compared to the conventional microporous Mo/HZSM-5(C). In contrary, C12 surfactant modified Mo/HZSM-5(D) is inferior towards MDA reaction (benzene formation rate: 0.5 μmol/gcat. s). We ascribed that the difference in MDA activity could be due to the hierarchically interconnected meso/microporous feature of Mo/HZSM-5(H) that precludes secondary reaction of coking from benzene and hence contributing substantial stability towards MDA reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20pores" title="hierarchical pores">hierarchical pores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mo%2FHZSM-5" title=" Mo/HZSM-5"> Mo/HZSM-5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20dehydroaromatization" title=" methane dehydroaromatization"> methane dehydroaromatization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coke%20deposition" title=" coke deposition"> coke deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159920/improved-benzene-selctivity-for-methane-dehydroaromatization-via-modifying-the-zeolitic-pores-by-dual-templating-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) Degradation by Cold Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anelise%20Leal%20Vieira%20Cubas">Anelise Leal Vieira Cubas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20de%20Medeiros%20Machado"> Marina de Medeiros Machado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADlia%20de%20Medeiros%20Machado"> Marília de Medeiros Machado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The volatile organic compounds - BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene) petroleum derivatives, have high rates of toxicity, which may carry consequences for human health, biota and environment. In this direction, this paper proposes a method of treatment of these compounds by using corona discharge plasma technology. The efficiency of the method was tested by analyzing samples of BTEX after going through a plasma reactor by gas chromatography method. The results show that the optimal residence time of the sample in the reactor was 8 minutes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTEX" title="BTEX">BTEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20plasma" title=" cold plasma"> cold plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20sciences" title=" ecological sciences"> ecological sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8639/btex-benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-and-xylene-degradation-by-cold-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Mordenite as Catalyst Support for Complete Volatile Organic Compounds Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20A.%20Kalvachev">Yuri A. Kalvachev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Totka%20D.%20Todorova"> Totka D. Todorova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zeolite mordenite has been investigated as a transition metal support for the preparation of efficient catalysts in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The highly crystalline mordenite samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride to get hierarchical material with secondary porosity. The obtained supports by this method have a high active surface area, good diffusion properties and prevent the extraction of metal components during catalytic reactions. The active metal phases platinum and copper were loaded by impregnation on both mordenite materials (parent and acid treated counterparts). Monometalic Pt and Cu, and bimetallic Pt/Cu catalysts were obtained. The metal phases were fine dispersed as nanoparticles on the functional porous materials. The catalysts synthesized in this way were investigated in the reaction of complete oxidation of propane and benzene. Platinum, copper and platinum/copper were loaded and there catalytic activity was investigated and compared. All samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron measurements (XPS) and temperature programed reduction (TPR). The catalytic activity of the samples obtained is investigated in the reaction of complete oxidation of propane and benzene by using of Gas Chromatography (GC). The oxidation of three organic molecules was investigated—methane, propane and benzene. The activity of metal loaded mordenite catalysts for methane oxidation is almost the same for parent and treated mordenite as a support. For bigger molecules as propane and benzene, the activity of catalysts based on treated mordenite is higher than those based on parent zeolite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20loaded%20catalysts" title="metal loaded catalysts">metal loaded catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mordenite" title=" mordenite"> mordenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs%20oxidation" title=" VOCs oxidation"> VOCs oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolites" title=" zeolites"> zeolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130542/mordenite-as-catalyst-support-for-complete-volatile-organic-compounds-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Catalytic Conversion of Methane into Benzene over CZO Promoted Mo/HZSM-5 for Methane Dehydroaromatization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepti%20Mishra">Deepti Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arindam%20Modak"> Arindam Modak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20Pant"> K. K. Pant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiu%20Song%20Zhao"> Xiu Song Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The promotional effect of mixed ceria-zirconia oxides (CZO) over the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) reaction was studied. The surface and structural properties of the synthesized catalyst were characterized using a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, and the correlation between catalytic properties and its performance for MDA reaction is discussed. The impregnation of CZO solid solution on Mo/HZSM-5 was observed to give an excellent catalytic performance and improved benzene formation rate (4.5 μmol/gcat. s) as compared to the conventional Mo/HZSM-5 (3.1 μmol/gcat. s) catalyst. In addition, a significant reduction in coke formation was observed in the CZO-modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. The prevailing comprehension for higher catalytic activity could be because of the redox properties of CZO deposited Mo/HZSM-5, which acts as a selective oxygen supplier and performs hydrogen combustion during the reaction, which is indirectly probed by O₂-TPD and H₂-TPR analysis. The selective hydrogen combustion prevents the over-oxidation of aromatic species formed during the reaction while the generated steam helps in reducing the amount of coke generated in the MDA reaction. Thus, the advantage of CZO incorporated Mo/HZSM-5 is manifested as it promotes the reaction equilibrium to shift towards the formation of benzene which is favourable for MDA reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mo%2FHZSM-5" title="Mo/HZSM-5">Mo/HZSM-5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceria-zirconia%20%28CZO%29" title=" ceria-zirconia (CZO)"> ceria-zirconia (CZO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20combustion" title=" in-situ combustion"> in-situ combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20dehydroaromatization" title=" methane dehydroaromatization"> methane dehydroaromatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159919/catalytic-conversion-of-methane-into-benzene-over-czo-promoted-mohzsm-5-for-methane-dehydroaromatization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Efficiency of Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene and Benzene by a Photocatalytic Textile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Younsi">Z. Younsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Koufi"> L. Koufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gidik"> H. Gidik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lahem"> D. Lahem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Wim%20Thielemans"> W. Wim Thielemans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the efficiency of photocatalytic textile to remove the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) present in indoor air. Functionalization of the fabric was achieved by adding a photocatalyst material active in the visible spectrum of light. This is a modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst doped with non-metal ions synthesized via sol-gel process, which should allow the degradation of the pollutants – ideally into H₂O and CO₂ – using photocatalysis based on visible light and no additionnal external energy source. The visible light photocatalytic activity of textile sample was evaluated for toluene and benzene gaseous removal, under the visible irradiation, in a test chamber with the total volume of 1m³. The suggested approach involves experimental investigations of the global behavior of the photocatalytic textile. The experimental apparatus permits simultaneous measurements of the degradation of pollutants and presence of eventually formed by-products. It also allows imposing and measuring concentration variations with respect to selected time scales in the test chamber. The observed results showed that the amount of TiO₂ incorporation improved the photocatalytic efficiency of functionalized textile significantly under visible light. The results obtained with such textile are very promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene" title="benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%E2%82%86H%E2%82%86" title=" C₆H₆"> C₆H₆</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20fabrics" title=" textile fabrics"> textile fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title=" titanium dioxide"> titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title=" TiO₂"> TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toluene" title=" toluene"> toluene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%E2%82%87H%E2%82%88" title=" C₇H₈"> C₇H₈</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visible%20light" title=" visible light"> visible light</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94917/efficiency-of-visible-light-induced-photocatalytic-oxidation-of-toluene-and-benzene-by-a-photocatalytic-textile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Batch and Fixed-Bed Studies of Ammonia Treated Coconut Shell Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Benzene and Toluene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibril%20Mohammed">Jibril Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Dadum%20Hamza"> Usman Dadum Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Idris%20Misau"> Muhammad Idris Misau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baba%20Yahya%20Danjuma"> Baba Yahya Danjuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Bode%20Raji"> Yusuf Bode Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulsalam%20Surajudeen"> Abdulsalam Surajudeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been reported to be responsible for many acute and chronic health effects and environmental degradations such as global warming. In this study, a renewable and low-cost coconut shell activated carbon (PHAC) was synthesized and treated with ammonia (PHAC-AM) to improve its hydrophobicity and affinity towards VOCs. Removal efficiencies and adsorption capacities of the ammonia treated activated carbon (PHAC-AM) for benzene and toluene were carried out through batch and fixed-bed studies respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms were tested for the adsorption process and the experimental data were best fitted by Langmuir model and least fitted by Tempkin model; the favourability and suitability of fitness were validated by equilibrium parameter (RL) and the root square mean deviation (RSMD). Judging by the deviation of the predicted values from the experimental values, pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption kinetics than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for the two VOCs on PHAC and PHAC-AM. In the fixed-bed study, the effect of initial VOC concentration, bed height and flow rate on benzene and toluene adsorption were studied. The highest bed capacities of 77.30 and 69.40 mg/g were recorded for benzene and toluene respectively; at 250 mg/l initial VOC concentration, 2.5 cm bed height and 4.5 ml/min flow rate. The results of this study revealed that ammonia treated activate carbon (PHAC-AM) is a sustainable adsorbent for treatment of VOCs in polluted waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title="volatile organic compounds">volatile organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20and%20kinetics%20studies" title=" equilibrium and kinetics studies"> equilibrium and kinetics studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20and%20fixed%20bed%20study" title=" batch and fixed bed study"> batch and fixed bed study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-based%20activated%20carbon" title=" bio-based activated carbon"> bio-based activated carbon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43983/batch-and-fixed-bed-studies-of-ammonia-treated-coconut-shell-activated-carbon-for-adsorption-of-benzene-and-toluene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Benzene Sulfonamide Derivatives: Synthesis, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Studies, Anti-proliferative Activity, and Docking Simulation with Theoretical Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20M.%20Fahim">Asmaa M. Fahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this elucidation, we synthesized different heterocyclic compounds attached to Benzene sulfonamide moiety via (E)-N-(4-(3-(4-bromophenyl)acryloyl)phenyl)-4-methyl benzene sulfonamide which is obtained from Nucleophilic substitution reaction between 4-methylbenzene sulfonyl chloride and 1-(4-aminophenyl)ethan-1-one in pyridine to get N-(4-acetyl phenyl)-4-methyl benzenesulfonamide which reacted 4-bromobenzal dehyde undergoes aldol condensation in NaOH to afford the corresponding chalchone 4. Moreover, the reactivity of chalchone 4 showed several active methylene derivatives utilized the pressurized microwave irradiation as a green energy resource. Chalcone 4 was allowed to react with ethyl cyanoacetate and acetylacetone, respectively, at 70 °C with pressure under microwave reaction condition to afford the 5-cyano-6-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 6 and N-(4'-acetyl-4''-bromo-5'-oxo-2',3',4',5'-tetrahydro-[1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-4-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 8 derivatives. Moreover, the reactivity of this sulphonamide chalchone with NH2NH2 in EtOH and acetic acid, which gave 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl benzenesulfonamide, 1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methyl and reactivity with NH2OH.HCl gave isoxazol-3-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives. The synthesized compounds were screened for their ADME properties and directed to antitumor activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and MCF-7 breast cancer and exhibited excellent behavior against standard drugs; these results were confirmed through molecular simulations with different proteins. Additionally, the Density Functional Theory analysis of optimized structures investigated their physical descriptors, FMO, ESP and MEP, which correlated with biological evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title="synthesis">synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemistry" title=" green chemistry"> green chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antitumor%20activity" title=" antitumor activity"> antitumor activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20study" title=" DFT study"> DFT study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174378/benzene-sulfonamide-derivatives-synthesis-absorption-distribution-metabolism-and-excretion-adme-studies-anti-proliferative-activity-and-docking-simulation-with-theoretical-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Permeable Reactive Pavement for Controlling the Transport of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene, and Xylene (BTEX) Contaminants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengyi%20Huang">Shengyi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenju%20Liang"> Chenju Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX) are common contaminants in environment, which could come from asphalt concrete or exhaust emissions of vehicles. The BTEX may invade to the subsurface environment via wet and dry atmospheric depositions. If there aren’t available ways for controlling contaminants’ fate and transport, they would extensively harm natural environment. In the 1st phase of this study, various adsorbents were screened for a suitable one to be an additive in the porous asphalt mixture. In the 2nd phase, addition of the selected adsorbent was incorporated with the design of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) to produce the permeable reactive pavement (PRP), which was subsequently tested for the potential of adsorbing aqueous BTEX as compared to the PAC, in the 3rd phase. The PRP was prepared according to the following steps: firstly, the suitable adsorbent was chosen based on the analytical results of specific surface area analysis, thermal-gravimetric analysis, adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and thermal dynamics analysis; secondly, the materials of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, asphalt, and fiber were tested in order to meet regulated specifications (e.g., water adsorption, soundness, viscosity etc.) for preparing the PRP; thirdly, the amount of adsorbent additive was determined in the PRP; fourthly, the prepared PAC and PRP were examined for their physical properties (e.g., abrasion loss, drain-down loss, Marshall stability, Marshall flow, dynamic stability etc.). As a result of comparison between PRP and PAC, the PRP showed better physical performance than the traditional PAC. At last, the Marshall Specimen column tests were conducted to explore the adsorption capacities of PAC and PRPs. The BTEX adsorption capacities of PRPs are higher than those obtained from traditional PAC. In summary, PRPs showed superior physical performance and adsorption capacities, which exhibit the potential of PRP to be applied as a replacement of PAC for better controlling the transport of non-point source pollutants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20asphalt%20concrete" title="porous asphalt concrete">porous asphalt concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title=" volatile organic compounds"> volatile organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeable%20reactive%20pavement" title=" permeable reactive pavement"> permeable reactive pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-point%20source%20pollution" title=" non-point source pollution"> non-point source pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60282/permeable-reactive-pavement-for-controlling-the-transport-of-benzene-toluene-ethyl-benzene-and-xylene-btex-contaminants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Comparative Analysis of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Concentrations at Roadside and Urban Background Sites in Leicester and Lagos Using Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Bernard">Emmanuel Bernard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20L.%20Cordell"> Rebecca L. Cordell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akeem%20A.%20Abayomi"> Akeem A. Abayomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Alani"> Rose Alani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20S.%20Monks"> Paul S. Monks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the prevalence and extent of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene) contamination in Leicester, United Kingdom, and Lagos, Nigeria, through field measurements at roadside (RS) and urban background (UB) sites. Using thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), BTEX concentrations were quantified. In Leicester, the average RS concentration was 24.9 ± 8.9 μg/m³, and the UB concentration was 12.7 ± 5.7 μg/m³. In Lagos, the RS concentration was significantly higher at 106 ± 39.3 μg/m³, and the UB concentration was 20.1 ± 8.9 μg/m³. The RS concentration in Lagos was approximately 4.3 times higher than in Leicester, while the UB concentration was about 1.6 times higher. These disparities are attributed to differences in road infrastructure, traffic regulation compliance, fuel and oil quality, and local activities. In Leicester, the highest UB concentration (20.5 ± 1.7 μg/m³) was at Knighton Village, near the heavily polluted RS Wigston roundabout. In Lagos, the highest concentration (172.1 ± 12.2 μg/m³) was at Ojuelegba, a major transportation hub. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the concentrations of BTEX compounds in both cities, suggesting common sources such as vehicular emissions and industrial activities. The ratios of toluene to benzene (T:B) and m/p xylene to ethylbenzene (m/p X:E) were analysed to infer source contributions and the photochemical age of air masses. The T:B ratio in Leicester ranged from 0.44 to 0.71, while in Lagos, it ranged from 1.36 to 2.17. The m/p X:E ratio in Leicester ranged from 2.11 to 2.19, like other UK cities, while in Lagos, it ranged from 1.65 to 2.32, indicating relatively fresh emissions. This study highlights significant differences in BTEX concentrations between Leicester and Lagos, emphasizing the need for tailored pollution control strategies to address the specific sources and conditions in different urban environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTEX%20contamination" title="BTEX contamination">BTEX contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20air%20quality" title=" urban air quality"> urban air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20desorption%20GC-MS" title=" thermal desorption GC-MS"> thermal desorption GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roadside%20emissions" title=" roadside emissions"> roadside emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20background%20sites" title=" urban background sites"> urban background sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20emissions" title=" vehicular emissions"> vehicular emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20control%20strategies" title=" pollution control strategies"> pollution control strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186333/comparative-analysis-of-benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-and-xylene-concentrations-at-roadside-and-urban-background-sites-in-leicester-and-lagos-using-thermal-desorption-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Spatial Distribution of Ambient BTEX Concentrations at an International Airport in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raeesa%20Moolla">Raeesa Moolla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20S.%20Johnson"> Ryan S. Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air travel, and the use of airports, has experienced proliferative growth in the past few decades, resulting in the concomitant release of air pollutants. Air pollution needs to be monitored because of the known relationship between exposure to air pollutants and increased adverse effects on human health. This study monitored a group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); specifically BTEX (viz. benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes), as many are detrimental to human health. Through the use of passive sampling methods, the spatial variability of BTEX within an international airport was investigated, in order to determine ‘hotspots’ where occupational exposure to BTEX may be intensified. The passive sampling campaign revealed BTEX<sub>total</sub> concentrations ranged between 12.95–124.04 µg m<sup>-3</sup>. Furthermore, BTEX concentrations were dispersed heterogeneously within the airport. Due to the slow wind speeds recorded (1.13 m.s<sup>-1</sup>); the hotspots were located close to their main BTEX sources. The main hotspot was located over the main apron of the airport. Employees working in this area may be chronically exposed to these emissions, which could be potentially detrimental to their health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title=" air quality"> air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotspot%20monitoring" title=" hotspot monitoring"> hotspot monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title=" volatile organic compounds"> volatile organic compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102333/spatial-distribution-of-ambient-btex-concentrations-at-an-international-airport-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> An Occupational Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes: A Case Study of Informal Traders in a Metro Centre (Taxi Rank) in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhosazana%20Dubazana">Makhosazana Dubazana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many South Africans commuters use minibus taxis daily and are connected to the informal transport network through metro centres informally known as Taxi Ranks. Taxi ranks form part of an economic nexus for many informal traders, connecting them to commuters, their prime clientele. They work along designated areas along the periphery of the taxi rank and in between taxi lanes. Informal traders are therefore at risk of adverse health effects associated with the inhalation of exhaust fumes from minibus taxis. Of the exhaust emissions, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) have high toxicity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a Human Health Risk Assessment for informal traders, looking at their exposure to BTEX compounds. Methods: The study was conducted in a subsection of a taxi rank which is representative of the entire taxi rank. This subsection has a daily average of 400 minibus taxi moving through it and an average of 60 informal traders working in it. In the health risk assessment, a questionnaire was conducted to understand the occupational behaviour of the informal traders. This was used to deduce the exposure scenarios and sampling locations. Three sampling campaigns were run for an average of 10 hours each covering the average working hours of traders. A gas chronographer was used for collecting continues ambient air samples at 15 min intervals. Results: Over the three sampling days, the average concentrations were, 8.46ppb, 0.63 ppb, 1.27ppb and 1.0ppb for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene respectively. The average cancer risk is 9.46E-03. In several cases, they were incidences of unacceptable risk for the cumulative exposure of all four BTEX compounds. Conclusion: This study adds to the body of knowledge on the Human Health Risk effects of urban BTEX pollution, furthermore focusing on the impact of urban BTEX on high risk personal such as informal traders, in Southern Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health%20risk%20assessment" title="human health risk assessment">human health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20traders" title=" informal traders"> informal traders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20risk" title=" occupational risk"> occupational risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20BTEX" title=" urban BTEX"> urban BTEX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85643/an-occupational-health-risk-assessment-for-exposure-to-benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-and-xylenes-a-case-study-of-informal-traders-in-a-metro-centre-taxi-rank-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Sensing Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals by Virus-Based Structural Colour Nanostructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Yujin">Lee Yujin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Jiye"> Han Jiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oh%20Jin-Woo"> Oh Jin-Woo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has attracted considerable public interests. The benzene-like EDCs structure mimics the mechanisms of hormones naturally occurring in vivo, and alters physiological function of the endocrine system. Although, some of the most representative EDCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phthalates compounds already have been prohibited to produce and use in many countries, however, PCBs and phthalates in plastic products as flame retardant and plasticizer are still circulated nowadays. EDCs can be released from products while using and discarding, and it causes serious environmental and health issues. Here, we developed virus-based structurally coloured nanostructure that can detect minute EDCs concentration sensitively and selectively. These structurally coloured nanostructure exhibits characteristic angel-independent colors due to the regular virus bundle structure formation through simple pulling technique. The designed number of different colour bands can be formed through controlling concentration of virus solution and pulling speed. The virus, M-13 bacteriophage, was genetically engineered to react with specific ECDs, typically PCBs and phthalates. M-13 bacteriophage surface (pVIII major coat protein) was decorated with benzene derivative binding peptides (WHW) through phage library method. In the initial assessment, virus-based color sensor was exposed to several organic chemicals including benzene, toluene, phenol, chlorobenzene, and phthalic anhydride. Along with the selectivity evaluation of virus-based colour sensor, it also been tested for sensitivity. 10 to 300 ppm of phthalic anhydride and chlorobenzene were detected by colour sensor, and showed the significant sensitivity with about 90 of dissociation constant. Noteworthy, all measurements were analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and exhibited clear discrimination ability upon exposure to 2 categories of EDCs (PCBs and phthalates). Because of its easy fabrication, high sensitivity, and the superior selectivity, M-13 bacteriophage-based color sensor could be a simple and reliable portable sensing system for environmental monitoring, healthcare, social security, and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-13%20bacteriophage" title="M-13 bacteriophage">M-13 bacteriophage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour%20sensor" title=" colour sensor"> colour sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20engineering" title=" genetic engineering"> genetic engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDCs" title=" EDCs"> EDCs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68383/sensing-endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-by-virus-based-structural-colour-nanostructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Brief Inquisition of Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes by Magnetically Enhanced Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thian%20Khoon%20Tan">Thian Khoon Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poi%20Sim%20Khiew"> Poi Sim Khiew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wee%20Siong%20Chiu"> Wee Siong Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20Hua%20Chia"> Chin Hua Chia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the efficacy of magnetically enhanced zinc oxide (MZnO) nanoparticles as a photocatalyst in the photodegradation of synthetic dyes, especially azo dyes. This magnetised zinc oxide has been simply fabricated by mechanical mixing through low-temperature calcination. This MZnO has been analysed through several analytical measurements, including FESEM, XRD, BET, EDX, and TEM, as well as VSM analysis which reflects successful fabrication. A high volume of azo dyes was found in industries effluent wastewater. They contribute to serious environmental stability and are very harmful to human health due to their high stability and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, five azo dyes, Reactive Red 120 (RR120), Disperse Blue 15 (DB15), Acid Brown 14 (AB14), Orange G (OG), and Acid Orange 7 (AO7), have been randomly selected to study their photodegradation property with reference to few characteristics, such as number of azo functional groups, benzene groups, molecular mass, and absorbance. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was analysed by using a UV-vis spectrophotometer, where the reaction rate constant was obtained. It was found that azo dyes were significantly degraded through the first-order rate constant, which shows a higher kinetic constant as the number of azo functional groups and benzene group increases. However, the kinetic constant is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of these azo dyes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalyst" title=" photocatalyst"> photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetically%20enhanced" title=" magnetically enhanced"> magnetically enhanced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20dyes" title=" synthetic dyes"> synthetic dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azo%20dyes" title=" azo dyes"> azo dyes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193545/brief-inquisition-of-photocatalytic-degradation-of-azo-dyes-by-magnetically-enhanced-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Control of Airborne Aromatic Hydrocarbons over TiO2-Carbon Nanotube Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon%20Y.%20Lee">Joon Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20H.%20Shin"> Seung H. Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20H.%20Chun"> Ho H. Chun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20K.%20Jo"> Wan K. Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poly vinyl acetate (PVA)-based titania (TiO2)–carbon nanotube composite nanofibers (PVA-TCCNs) with various PVA-to-solvent ratios and PVA-based TiO2 composite nanofibers (PVA-TN) were synthesized using an electrospinning process, followed by thermal treatment. The photocatalytic activities of these nanofibers in the degradation of airborne monocyclic aromatics under visible-light irradiation were examined. This study focuses on the application of these photocatalysts to the degradation of the target compounds at sub-part-per-million indoor air concentrations. The characteristics of the photocatalysts were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. For all the target compounds, the PVA-TCCNs showed photocatalytic degradation efficiencies superior to those of the reference PVA-TN. Specifically, the average photocatalytic degradation efficiencies for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) obtained using the PVA-TCCNs with a PVA-to-solvent ratio of 0.3 (PVA-TCCN-0.3) were 11%, 59%, 89%, and 92%, respectively, whereas those observed using PVA-TNs were 5%, 9%, 28%, and 32%, respectively. PVA-TCCN-0.3 displayed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency for BTEX, suggesting the presence of an optimal PVA-to-solvent ratio for the synthesis of PVA-TCCNs. The average photocatalytic efficiencies for BTEX decreased from 11% to 4%, 59% to 18%, 89% to 37%, and 92% to 53%, respectively, when the flow rate was increased from 1.0 to 4.0 L min1. In addition, the average photocatalytic efficiencies for BTEX increased 11% to ~0%, 59% to 3%, 89% to 7%, and 92% to 13% , respectively, when the input concentration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 ppm. The prepared PVA-TCCNs were effective for the purification of airborne aromatics at indoor concentration levels, particularly when the operating conditions were optimized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20ratio" title="mixing ratio">mixing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20photocatalyst" title=" reference photocatalyst"> reference photocatalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19294/control-of-airborne-aromatic-hydrocarbons-over-tio2-carbon-nanotube-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Toxicological Validation during the Development of New Catalytic Systems Using Air/Liquid Interface Cell Exposure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al%20Zallouha">M. Al Zallouha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Landkocz"> Y. Landkocz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Brunet"> J. Brunet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Cousin"> R. Cousin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Halket"> J. M. Halket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Genty"> E. Genty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20J.%20Martin"> P. J. Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Verdin"> A. Verdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Courcot"> D. Courcot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Siffert"> S. Siffert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Shirali"> P. Shirali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Billet"> S. Billet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toluene is one of the most used Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the industry. Amongst VOCs, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) emitted into the atmosphere have a major and direct impact on human health. It is, therefore, necessary to minimize emissions directly at source. Catalytic oxidation is an industrial technique which provides remediation efficiency in the treatment of these organic compounds. However, during operation, the catalysts can release some compounds, called byproducts, more toxic than the original VOCs. The catalytic oxidation of a gas stream containing 1000ppm of toluene on Pd/α-Al2O3 can release a few ppm of benzene, according to the operating temperature of the catalyst. The development of new catalysts must, therefore, include chemical and toxicological validation phases. In this project, A549 human lung cells were exposed in air/liquid interface (Vitrocell®) to gas mixtures derived from the oxidation of toluene with a catalyst of Pd/α-Al2O3. Both exposure concentrations (i.e. 10 and 100% of catalytic emission) resulted in increased gene expression of Xenobiotics Metabolising Enzymes (XME) (CYP2E1 CYP2S1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, EPHX1, and NQO1). Some of these XMEs are known to be induced by polycyclic organic compounds conventionally not searched during the development of catalysts for VOCs degradation. The increase in gene expression suggests the presence of undetected compounds whose toxicity must be assessed before the adoption of new catalyst. This enhances the relevance of toxicological validation of such systems before scaling-up and marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTEX%20toxicity" title="BTEX toxicity">BTEX toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%2Fliquid%20interface%20cell%20exposure" title=" air/liquid interface cell exposure"> air/liquid interface cell exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitrocell%C2%AE" title=" Vitrocell®"> Vitrocell®</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20oxidation" title=" catalytic oxidation"> catalytic oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18384/toxicological-validation-during-the-development-of-new-catalytic-systems-using-airliquid-interface-cell-exposure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Quantifying Temporal Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Ozone Forming Potential at Rural Atmosphere in Delhi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar">Amit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhupendra%20Pratap%20Singh"> Bhupendra Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Singh"> Manoj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Punia"> Monika Punia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishan%20Kumar"> Krishan Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Jain"> V. K. Jain </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in order to find out temporal variations and their ozone forming potentials (OFP) at rural site in Delhi National Capital Region during summer 2013. Sampling was performed for continuous five days, to identify the differences in working days and weekend VOCs concentration levels. Sampling and analytical procedure for VOCs were done using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standard method. On each sampling day, VOCs samples were collected for 3-hours in the morning, afternoon and evening. There has been observed a noticeable contrast in the concentration of VOCs levels between working days and weekend. However, most of the VOCs showed diurnal fluctuations with higher concentrations in the morning and evening as compared to afternoon which might be due to change in meteorology. The results showed that mean toluene/benzene and m-/p-xylene/benzene ratios were higher in the afternoon while it was lower during morning and evening. The relative contribution of the VOCs to ozone formation, total propylene equivalent concentrations and OFP were calculated. Toluene was the most contributing organic contaminant to ozone formation as well as ambient VOCs concentrations. Results obtained in current study demonstrate that ozone formation at rural site in Delhi is probably limited by the emissions of VOCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs" title="VOCs">VOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIOSH" title=" NIOSH"> NIOSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone%20forming%20potential" title=" ozone forming potential"> ozone forming potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propylene%20equivalent%20concentration" title=" propylene equivalent concentration"> propylene equivalent concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8392/quantifying-temporal-variation-of-volatile-organic-compounds-and-their-ozone-forming-potential-at-rural-atmosphere-in-delhi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Multi-Criteria Optimal Management Strategy for in-situ Bioremediation of LNAPL Contaminated Aquifer Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kumar">Deepak Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahangeer"> Jahangeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brijesh%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Brijesh Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashi%20Mathur"> Shashi Mathur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-situ remediation is a technique which can remediate either surface or groundwater at the site of contamination. In the present study, simulation optimization approach has been used to develop management strategy for remediating LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contaminated aquifers. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene are the main component of LNAPL contaminant. Collectively, these contaminants are known as BTEX. In in-situ bioremediation process, a set of injection and extraction wells are installed. Injection wells supply oxygen and other nutrient which convert BTEX into carbon dioxide and water with the help of indigenous soil bacteria. On the other hand, extraction wells check the movement of plume along downstream. In this study, optimal design of the system has been done using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm. A comprehensive management strategy for pumping of injection and extraction wells has been done to attain a maximum allowable concentration of 5 ppm and 4.5 ppm. The management strategy comprises determination of pumping rates, the total pumping volume and the total running cost incurred for each potential injection and extraction well. The results indicate a high pumping rate for injection wells during the initial management period since it facilitates the availability of oxygen and other nutrients necessary for biodegradation, however it is low during the third year on account of sufficient oxygen availability. This is because the contaminant is assumed to have biodegraded by the end of the third year when the concentration drops to a permissible level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20bioremediation" title=" in-situ bioremediation"> in-situ bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20non-aqueous%20phase%20liquid" title=" light non-aqueous phase liquid"> light non-aqueous phase liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTEX" title=" BTEX"> BTEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39609/multi-criteria-optimal-management-strategy-for-in-situ-bioremediation-of-lnapl-contaminated-aquifer-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Comparative in silico and in vitro Study of N-(1-Methyl-2-Oxo-2-N-Methyl Anilino-Ethyl) Benzene Sulfonamide and Its Analogues as an Anticancer Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pamita%20Awasthi">Pamita Awasthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirna"> Kirna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa%20Dogra"> Shilpa Dogra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manu%20Vatsal"> Manu Vatsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritu%20Barthwal"> Ritu Barthwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doxorubicin, also known as adriamycin, is an anthracycline class of drug used in cancer chemotherapy. It is used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute leukemias, breast cancer, lung cancer, endometrium cancer and ovary cancers. It functions via intercalating DNA and ultimately killing cancer cells. The major side effects of doxorubicin are hair loss, myelosuppression, nausea & vomiting, oesophagitis, diarrhoea, heart damage and liver dysfunction. The minor modifications in the structure of compound exhibit large variation in the biological activity, has prompted us to carry out the synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives. Sulfonamide is an important feature with broad spectrum of biological activity such as antiviral, antifungal, diuretics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer activities. Structure of the synthesized compound N-(1-methyl-2-oxo-2-N-methyl anilino-ethyl)benzene sulfonamide confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR),13C NMR, Mass and FTIR spectroscopic tools to assure the position of all protons and hence stereochemistry of the molecule. Further we have reported the binding potential of synthesized sulfonamide analogues in comparison to doxorubicin drug using Auto Dock 4.2 software. Computational binding energy (B.E.) and inhibitory constant (Ki) has been evaluated for the synthesized compound in comparison of doxorubicin against Poly (dA-dT).Poly (dA-dT) and Poly (dG-dC).Poly (dG-dC) sequences. The in vitro cytotoxic study against human breast cancer cell lines confirms the better anticancer activity of the synthesized compound over currently in use anticancer drug doxorubicin. The IC50 value of the synthesized compound is 7.12 µM where as for doxorubicin is 7.2 µ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doxorubicin" title="Doxorubicin">Doxorubicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20dock" title=" auto dock"> auto dock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20silco" title=" in silco"> in silco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20279/comparative-in-silico-and-in-vitro-study-of-n-1-methyl-2-oxo-2-n-methyl-anilino-ethyl-benzene-sulfonamide-and-its-analogues-as-an-anticancer-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Solid Phase Micro-Extraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Study of Volatile Compounds from Strawberry Tree and Autumn Heather Honeys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marinos%20Xagoraris">Marinos Xagoraris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisavet%20Lazarou"> Elisavet Lazarou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleftherios%20Alissandrakis"> Eleftherios Alissandrakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christos%20S.%20Pappas"> Christos S. Pappas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petros%20A.%20Tarantilis"> Petros A. Tarantilis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) and autumn heather (Erica manipuliflora Salisb.) are important beekeeping plants of Greece. Six monofloral honeys (four strawberry tree, two autumn heather) were analyzed by means of Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME, 60 min, 60 oC) followed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the purpose of assessing the botanical origin. A Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was employed, and benzophenone was used as internal standard. The volatile compounds with higher concentration (μg/ g of honey expressed as benzophenone) from strawberry tree honey samples, were α-isophorone (2.50-8.12); 3,4,5-trimethyl-phenol (0.20-4.62); 2-hydroxy-isophorone (0.06-0.53); 4-oxoisophorone (0.38-0.46); and β-isophorone (0.02-0.43). Regarding heather honey samples, the most abundant compounds were 1-methoxy-4-propyl-benzene (1.22-1.40); p-anisaldehyde (0.97-1.28); p-anisic acid (0.35-0.58); 2-furaldehyde (0.52-0.57); and benzaldehyde (0.41-0.56). Norisoprenoids are potent floral markers for strawberry-tree honey. β-isophorone is found exclusively in the volatile fraction of this type of honey, while also α-isophorone, 4-oxoisophorone and 2-hydroxy-isophorone could be considered as additional marker compounds. The analysis of autumn heather honey revealed that phenolic compounds are the most abundant and p-anisaldehyde; 1-methoxy-4-propyl-benzene; and p-anisic acid could serve as potent marker compounds. In conclusion, marker compounds for the determination of the botanical origin for these honeys could be identified as several norisoprenoids and phenolic components were found exclusively or in higher concentrations compared to common Greek honey varieties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPME%2FGC-MS" title="SPME/GC-MS">SPME/GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20compounds" title=" volatile compounds"> volatile compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heather%20honey" title=" heather honey"> heather honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strawberry%20tree%20honey" title=" strawberry tree honey"> strawberry tree honey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136002/solid-phase-micro-extractiongas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-study-of-volatile-compounds-from-strawberry-tree-and-autumn-heather-honeys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzene&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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