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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/110px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/165px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/220px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Kansas</figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid; font-size: smaller;"> <dl><dt>July–August 1541</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1squez_de_Coronado" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Vásquez de Coronado">Coronado</a> explores Kansas</dd> <dt>April 30, 1803</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>; US buys most of Kansas</dd> <dt>May 30, 1854</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a> organized</dd> <dt>July 29, 1859</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Constitution" title="Wyandotte Constitution">Constitution</a> adopted by convention; prohibits slavery</dd> <dt>January 29, 1861</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> becomes 34th state</dd> <dt>August 21, 1863</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lawrence">Quantrill's Raid</a> on Lawrence</dd> <dt>Spring 1879</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></dd> <dt>February 19, 1881</dt> <dd>First state to <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">prohibit alcohol</a></dd> <dt>1890s</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist Revolt</a></dd> <dt>July 1951</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1951" title="Great Flood of 1951">Great Flood of 1951</a></dd> <dt>May 1954</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka</a></i></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>timeline of Kansas</b> details past events that happened in what is present day <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. Located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, the U.S. state of Kansas was the home of sedentary agrarian and <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> societies, many of whom hunted <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a>. The region first appears in western history in the 16th century at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a>, when Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadors">conquistadors</a> explored the unknown land now known as Kansas. It was later explored by French fur trappers who traded with the Native Americans. It became part of the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In the 19th century, the first American explorers designated the area as the "Great American Desert." </p><p>When the area was opened to Euro-American settlement in the 1850s, Kansas became the first battlefield in the conflict in the American Civil War. After the war, Kansas was home to Wild West towns servicing the cattle trade. With the railroads came heavy immigration from the East, from Europe, and from Freedmen called "Exodusters". For much of its history, Kansas has had a <a href="/wiki/Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">rural economy</a> based on wheat and other crops, supplemented by oil and railroads. Since 1945 the farm population has sharply declined and manufacturing has become more important, typified by the aircraft industry of Wichita. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Kansas" title="Category:History of Kansas">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">History of <span class="fn org label">Kansas</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Kansas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Seal_of_Kansas.svg/80px-Seal_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Seal_of_Kansas.svg/120px-Seal_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Seal_of_Kansas.svg/160px-Seal_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Periods</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-statehood_history_of_Kansas" title="Category:Pre-statehood history of Kansas">Pre-statehood</a> before 1861</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas#Statehood" title="History of Kansas">Since statehood</a> 1861-present</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Kansas" title="Category:Economic history of Kansas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legal_history_of_Kansas" title="Category:Legal history of Kansas">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Kansas" title="Category:Political history of Kansas">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_history_of_Kansas" title="Category:Social history of Kansas">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Kansas_by_location" title="Category:History of Kansas by location">Places</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Histories_of_cities_in_Kansas" title="Category:Histories of cities in Kansas">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_sites_in_Kansas" title="Category:Historic sites in Kansas">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_trails_and_roads_in_Kansas" title="Category:Historic trails and roads in Kansas">Trails</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/16px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kansas" title="Portal:Kansas">Kansas portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Kansas_sidebar" title="Template:History of Kansas sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Kansas_sidebar" title="Template talk:History of Kansas sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Kansas_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Kansas sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>10,000-9000 BCE: First evidence of human beings in Kansas<sup id="cite_ref-khs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1450: <a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita people</a> founded the historical city of <a href="/wiki/Etzanoa" title="Etzanoa">Etzanoa</a>, near the modern day <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_City,_Kansas" title="Arkansas City, Kansas">Arkansas City</a>.</li> <li>1500–1800: Proto-historic indigenous peoples in Kansas include the <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansa people">Kansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-khs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1541: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1squez_de_Coronado" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Vásquez de Coronado">Francisco Vásquez de Coronado</a>, the Spanish conquistador, visits Kansas.</li> <li>17th century: Kansa (sometimes <a href="/wiki/Kaw_people" title="Kaw people">Kaw</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage Nation</a> arrive in Kansas. (The Kansa claim that they occupied the territory since 1674.)</li> <li>1650–1750: <a href="/wiki/Dismal_River_culture" title="Dismal River culture">Dismal River culture</a>, relatives of the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Plains Apache</a> built villages in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-scott_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1664: <a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a> Indians found refuge in <a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Kansas" title="Scott County, Kansas">Scott County, Kansas</a> after fleeing the Spaniards.<sup id="cite_ref-scott_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1702: <a href="/wiki/El_Cuartelejo_Pueblo" class="mw-redirect" title="El Cuartelejo Pueblo">El Cuartelejo Pueblo</a> is built by <a href="/wiki/Picuris_Pueblo" class="mw-redirect" title="Picuris Pueblo">Picuris Pueblo</a> people, who fled the Spanish in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scott_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1719: First Europeans visit the Northern <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnees</a>.1724: French commander at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Orleans" title="Fort Orleans">Fort Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etienne_de_Bourgmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne de Bourgmont">Etienne de Bourgmont</a>, visits the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_River" title="Kansas River">Kansas River</a> and establishes a trading post here, near the main Kansa village at the mouth of the river. Around the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Otoe_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoe tribe">Otoe</a> tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> also inhabit various areas around the northeast corner of Kansas.</li> <li>1780: The Kansa tribe moves its village further up the Kansas River to the junction of the Big Blue River, the current site of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan,_Kansas" title="Manhattan, Kansas">Manhattan, Kansas</a>. The settlement is named Blue Earth Village.<sup id="cite_ref-Frontier_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frontier-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>End of the 18th century: Kansa and Osage Nation dominant in the eastern part of the state — the Kansa on the Kansas River to the north and the Osage on the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas River</a> to the south. Pawnees were dominant on the plains to the west and north of the Kansa and Osage nations, in regions home to massive herds of <a href="/wiki/American_Bison" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bison">buffalo</a>.</li> <li>1803: Kansas, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>, annexed to the United States as unorganized territory.</li> <li>1806: <a href="/wiki/Zebulon_Pike" title="Zebulon Pike">Zebulon Pike</a> passes through the region, and labels it "the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Desert" title="Great American Desert">Great American Desert</a>" on his maps.</li> <li>1812: The Kansa and Pawnee fight a large battle at Blue Earth Village.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1820s_to_1840s:_Indian_treaties_and_westward_trails">1820s to 1840s: Indian treaties and westward trails</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1820s to 1840s: Indian treaties and westward trails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1820s: Kansas area (by then popularly known as the Great American Desert) is set aside as Indian territory by the U.S. government and closed to settlement by whites.</li> <li>1821: After a brief period as part of <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a>, Kansas returned to unorganized status.</li> <li>1821: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a> was opened across Kansas as country's transportation route to the Southwest, connecting Missouri with <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.</li> <li>1825, June 3: 20 million acres (81000 km<sup>2</sup>) of land ceded by the <a href="/wiki/Kansa_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansa Nation">Kansa Nation</a> to the United States, and the Kansa tribe are thereafter limited to a specific reservation in northeast Kansas.</li> <li>1825, June: Osage Nation was limited to a reservation in southeast Kansas.</li> <li>1825, November 7: Missouri Shawanoes (or <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnees</a>) are the first Native Americans removed to the territory by treaty.</li> <li>1827, May 8: Cantonment Leavenworth, or <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, (named in honor of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Leavenworth" title="Henry Leavenworth">Henry Leavenworth</a>) built just inside Indian territory to guard travelers on the United States' Western frontier. This was the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state of Kansas.</li> <li>1830: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a> expedites the process of Indian removal.</li> <li>1831, August 30: <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma">Ottawa</a> cede land to the United States and move to a small reservation on the Kansas River and its branches.</li> <li>1832, April 6: Ottawa treaty ratified.</li> <li>1832, October 24: U.S. government moves the <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoos</a> to a reservation in <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_Reservation_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas">Kansas</a>.</li> <li>1832, October 29: <a href="/wiki/Piankeshaw" title="Piankeshaw">Piankeshaws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wea" title="Wea">Weas</a> agree to occupy 250 sections of land, bounded on the north by the Shawanoes; east by the western boundary line of Missouri; and west by the <a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia" title="Kaskaskia">Kaskaskias</a> and Peorias.</li> <li>1833, September 21: Treaty made with the United States and the Otoe tribe cedes their country south of the Little Nemaha River.</li> <li>1836, September 17: The confederacy of the Sacs and Foxes in a treaty with the United States moved north of Kickapoos.</li> <li>1837, February 11: United States agrees to convey to the <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomis</a> an area on the Osage River, southwest of the Missouri River.</li> <li>1840s: Section of the Santa Fe Trail through Kansas also used by emigrants on the <a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>.</li> <li>1842: Treaty between the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Nation" title="Wyandotte Nation">Wyandots</a>, the Wyandots moved to the junction of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers (on land that was shared with the Delaware until 1843).</li> <li>1844: The <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1844" title="Great Flood of 1844">Great Flood of 1844</a>, the biggest flood ever recorded on the Missouri River and Upper Mississippi River</li> <li>1846: <a href="/wiki/Kaw_people" title="Kaw people">Kansa</a> reservation reduced by treaty.</li> <li>1847: Potawatomis are moved again, to an area containing 576,000 acres (2,330 km<sup>2</sup>), being the eastern part of the lands ceded to the United States by the Kansa tribe in 1846.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1850_to_1854:_Washington_opens_the_territory;_Indian_tribes_sell_their_lands"><span id="1850_to_1854:_Washington_opens_the_territory.3B_Indian_tribes_sell_their_lands"></span>1850 to 1854: Washington opens the territory; Indian tribes sell their lands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1850 to 1854: Washington opens the territory; Indian tribes sell their lands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1850: Americans pioneers demand the entire area to be opened for settlement.</li> <li>1851, September 17: <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arapahoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Arapahoe">Arapahoe</a> tribes negotiate with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado).</li> <li>1852: Congress begins the process of creating the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a>.</li> <li>1852, December 13: Representative from Missouri submits a bill organizing the Territory of Platte to the House: all the tract lying west of Iowa and Missouri, and extending west to the Rocky Mountains.</li> <li>1852: <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandots</a> attempts to establish a Territorial government in their section of Indian territory.</li> <li>1854: Nearly all the tribes in the eastern part of the Territory cede the greater part of their lands prior to the passage of the Kansas territorial act and are eventually moved south to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (the future state of Oklahoma.)</li> <li>1854, May 30: After intense debate the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a> becomes law, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">Nebraska Territory</a> and Kansas Territory, which delineate the borders of Kansas Territory set from the Missouri border to the summit of the Rocky Mountain range; the southern boundary was the <a href="/wiki/37th_parallel_north" title="37th parallel north">37th parallel north</a>, the northern was the <a href="/wiki/40th_parallel_north" title="40th parallel north">40th parallel north</a>. North of the 40th parallel was Nebraska Territory.</li> <li>1854: A new antislavery party is formed in protest: the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li> <li>1854, June 10: Missourians hold a meeting at Salt Creek Valley, a trading post three miles (5 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, at which a "Squatter's Claim Association" is organized.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1855_to_1859:_State_formation">1855 to 1859: State formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1855 to 1859: State formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1855: Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company arrange and send anti-slavery settlers into Kansas.</li> <li>1855, March 30: <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missourians</a> who had streamed across the border (known as "Border Ruffians") fill the ballot boxes in favor of pro-slavery candidates. As a result, pro-slavery candidates prevail at every polling district except one (the future <a href="/wiki/Riley_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Riley County">Riley County</a>), and the first official legislature is overwhelmingly composed of pro-slavery delegates.</li> <li>1855: Kansas Territory violence and some open battles rise.</li> <li>1855, November 11: <a href="/wiki/Topeka_Constitution" title="Topeka Constitution">Topeka Constitution</a> adopted by a convention of Free-Staters.</li> <li>1855, December 1: Small army of Missourians, acting under the command of Douglas County, Kansas Sheriff Samuel J. Jones, laid siege to the Free-State stronghold of Lawrence in what would later become known as "The Wakarusa War."</li> <li>1855, December 15: Topeka Constitution was approved by the people of the Territory but was never accepted as a legal document.</li> <li>1856, May 21: Pro-slavery forces led by Sheriff Jones again attack Lawrence, killing two men, burning the Free-State Hotel to the ground, destroying two printing presses, and robbing homes.</li> <li>1856, night of May 24 to the morning of May 25: <a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_massacre" title="Pottawatomie massacre">Pottawatomie massacre</a>; in what appears to be a reaction to the Sacking of Lawrence, <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> and a band of abolitionists (some of them members of the Pottawatomie Rifles) murder five settlers, rumored to be pro-slavery, with broadswords north of Pottawatomie Creek in <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Kansas" title="Franklin County, Kansas">Franklin County, Kansas</a>; Brown and his men flee to Iowa.</li> <li>1857, November 7: <a href="/wiki/Lecompton_Constitution" title="Lecompton Constitution">Lecompton Constitution</a> adopted by a Convention convened by the official pro-slavery government.</li> <li>1858: Kansas Territory violence and some open battles slow.</li> <li>1858, April 3: <a href="/wiki/Leavenworth_Constitution" title="Leavenworth Constitution">Leavenworth Constitution</a> adopted by the convention at <a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a> by a new Free-State legislature.</li> <li>1858, May 18: People's elections pass the Leavenworth Constitution (while the Lecompton Constitution is still under consideration), but Congress refuses to ratify it.</li> <li>1859: Land tracts transferred to individual <a href="/wiki/Chippewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chippewa">Chippewa</a> families.</li> <li>1859, July 29: Fourth constitution drafted; the <a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Constitution" title="Wyandotte Constitution">Wyandotte Constitution</a> adopted by the convention.</li> <li>1859, October 4: People's election held; adopts Wyandotte Constitution, which outlaws slavery but is far less progressive than the Leavenworth Constitution.</li> <li>1859, end of the year: Bleeding Kansas violence virtually ceases.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1860s_to_1890s">1860s to 1890s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1860s to 1890s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1861, January 29: Kansas was admitted into the Union as a free state under the Wyandotte Constitution.</li> <li>1861, May 25:<a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seal of the State of Kansas">Great Seal of the State of Kansas</a> was established by a joint resolution adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Legislature" title="Kansas Legislature">Kansas Legislature</a>.</li> <li>1861, June 3: First Kansas regiment called to duty in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.</li> <li>1863: The <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Eastern_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific Eastern Division">Union Pacific Eastern Division</a> established in Kansas.</li> <li>1863, August 21: <a href="/wiki/William_Quantrill" title="William Quantrill">William Quantrill</a> leads Quantrill's Raid into Lawrence destroying much of the city and killing over a hundred people.</li> <li>1863, October 6: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baxter_Springs" title="Battle of Baxter Springs">Battle of Baxter Springs</a>, sometimes called the Baxter Springs Massacre, a minor battle in the War, occurs near the modern-day town of <a href="/wiki/Baxter_Springs,_Kansas" title="Baxter Springs, Kansas">Baxter Springs, Kansas</a>.</li> <li>1864, April: War between the Indians upon frontier settlers in Kansas and <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>.</li> <li>1864, July 28: Seventeenth Kansas regiment is the last to be raised during the Civil War.</li> <li>1864, October 25: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marais_des_Cygnes" title="Battle of Marais des Cygnes">Battle of Marais des Cygnes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Linn_County,_Kansas" title="Linn County, Kansas">Linn County, Kansas</a>.</li> <li>1867: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._McCoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph G. McCoy">Joseph G. McCoy</a> builds stockyards in <a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Kansas" title="Abilene, Kansas">Abilene, Kansas</a> and helps develop the <a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a>, encouraging <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> cattlemen to undertake cattle drives to his stockyards.</li> <li>1869: Union Pacific Eastern Division renamed the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas Pacific">Kansas Pacific</a>.</li> <li>1871: <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok" title="Wild Bill Hickok">Wild Bill Hickok</a> becomes marshal of Abilene, Kansas.</li> <li>1885: <a href="/wiki/Coronado,_Kansas" title="Coronado, Kansas">Coronado, Kansas</a>, established.</li> <li>1887, February 27: shoot-out with boosters — some would say hired gunmen — from nearby <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leoti_Township,_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leoti Township, Kansas (page does not exist)">Leoti</a> leaves several people dead and wounded.</li> <li>1877: <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus,_Kansas" title="Nicodemus, Kansas">Nicodemus</a>, the first all-black town in Kansas, is founded by <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> migrants from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>.</li> <li>1879: large number of former <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a> move from Southern states to Kansas.</li> <li>1881, February 19: Kansas becomes the first U.S. state to adopt a Constitutional amendment prohibiting all <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a>.</li> <li>1890, November 22: College football comes to Kansas in the <a href="/wiki/1890_Kansas_vs._Baker_football_game" title="1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game">1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game</a>.</li> <li>1897, July–August: First Baha'i community in Kansas, second in western hemisphere, began in Enterprise, initiating the Kansas Baha'i community.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1916: Kansas troops serve on the U.S.-Mexico border during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>.</li> <li>1922 and 1927: legal battles Kansas against the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, resulting in their expulsion from the state.</li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kansas" title="Flag of Kansas">Flag of Kansas</a> designed by Hazel Avery.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> of Topeka, first Native American to be elected as Vice-President of United States<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1927: flag officially adopted by the Kansas State Legislature.</li> <li>1930: The <a href="/wiki/Independence_Producers" title="Independence Producers">Independence Producers</a> played the first <a href="/wiki/Night_game" title="Night game">Night game</a> in the history of Organized Baseball, making Independence, Kansas the birthplace of professional night baseball.</li> <li>1951: The <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1951" title="Great Flood of 1951">Great Flood of 1951</a> affected eastern Kansas and Missouri<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1954, May 17: <a href="/wiki/US_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="US Supreme Court">US Supreme Court</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> unanimously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and, as such, violate the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>, which guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws."</li> <li>1950s and 1960s: <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">Intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> (designed to carry a single nuclear warhead) stationed throughout Kansas facilities, ready to launch from hardened underground silos.</li> <li>1961: State flag modified with the word "Kansas" added below the seal in gold block lettering.</li> <li>1966, June 8: <a href="/wiki/Topeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Topeka">Topeka</a>, Kansas was struck by an F5 rated <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/1966_Topeka_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 Topeka tornado">1966 Topeka tornado</a>" started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, hitting various landmarks (including <a href="/wiki/Washburn_University" title="Washburn University">Washburn University</a>). Total cost was put at $100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-OutbreakClimo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OutbreakClimo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980s: Kansas intercontinental ballistic missile facilities are deactivated.</li> <li>1993: The <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1993" title="Great Flood of 1993">Great Flood of 1993</a> affects several states, including Kansas<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2006: Restoration of Kansas State House Begins.</li> <li>2007, May 4–6: The city of <a href="/wiki/Greensburg,_Kansas" title="Greensburg, Kansas">Greensburg</a> is destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_4%E2%80%936,_2007" title="Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007">a tornado</a>.</li> <li>2013: Restoration of Kansas State House Completed.</li> <li>2022: A tornado rips through Andover, Kansas</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-khs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-archeology-basics/14588">"Kansas Archeology Basics."</a> <i>Kansas Historical Society.</i> Retrieved 25 Jan 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scott-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scott_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scott_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scott_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ks-scott.manatron.com/About/History/tabid/6921/Default.aspx">"Scott County: History."</a> <i>Scott County, Kansas.</i> Retrieved 25 Jan 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frontier-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frontier_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlson2012" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Kevin (2012). <i>Frontier Manhattan</i>. University Press of Kansas. pp. <span class="nowrap">9–</span>10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1832-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1832-3"><bdi>978-0-7006-1832-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Manhattan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1832-3&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksgenweb.org/lincoln/stories18.htm">"Lincoln's Hazel Avery Made State's First Flag"</a>. Lincoln Sentinel-Republican. March 28, 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincoln%27s+Hazel+Avery+Made+State%27s+First+Flag&rft.pub=Lincoln+Sentinel-Republican&rft.date=1996-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksgenweb.org%2Flincoln%2Fstories18.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/10/us/politics/charles-curtis-vice-president.html">"Before Harris, This Vice President Broke a Racial Barrier"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. November 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Before+Harris%2C+This+Vice+President+Broke+a+Racial+Barrier&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcharles-curtis-vice-president.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1260b/report.pdf">"1952 Missouri Basin flooding"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Interior<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1952+Missouri+Basin+flooding&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fwsp%2F1260b%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OutbreakClimo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OutbreakClimo_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneiderHarold_E._BrooksJoseph_T._Schaefer" class="citation web cs1">Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/schneider/otbrkseq.pdf">"Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman, Oklahoma</a>: <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tornado+Outbreak+Day+Sequences%3A+Historic+Events+and+Climatology+%281875-2003%29&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Russell+S.&rft.au=Harold+E.+Brooks&rft.au=Joseph+T.+Schaefer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fpublications%2Fschneider%2Fotbrkseq.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson" class="citation web cs1">Larson, Lee W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwrfc.noaa.gov/floods/papers/oh_2/great.htm">"The Great USA Flood of 1993"</a>. National Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+USA+Flood+of+1993&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Lee+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwrfc.noaa.gov%2Ffloods%2Fpapers%2Foh_2%2Fgreat.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Kansas" title="Geology of Kansas">Geology of Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">History of Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kansas_state_legislatures" title="List of Kansas state legislatures">List of Kansas state legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_college_football_in_Kansas" title="Timeline of college football in Kansas">Timeline of college football in Kansas</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Cities in Kansas</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Topeka,_Kansas" title="Timeline of Topeka, Kansas">Timeline of Topeka, Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Wichita,_Kansas" title="Timeline of Wichita, Kansas">Timeline of Wichita, Kansas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=33445961">Castel, Albert. <i>A Frontier State at War: Kansas, 1861–1865</i> (1958)</a></li> <li>Cutler, William G. (1883) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021216224228/http://www.kancoll.org/books/cutler/">History of the State of Kansas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3824394">Dick, Everett. <i>Vanguards of the Frontier: A Social History of the Northern Plains and Rocky Mountains from the Earliest White Contacts to the Coming of the Homemaker</i> (1941)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102349184">Goodrich, Thomas. <i>Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre</i> (1991)</a></li> <li>Herrmann, Duane L. <i>Early Baha'is of Enterprise</i> (1997)</li> <li>McQuillan, D. Aidan. (1990) <i>Prevailing over Time: Ethnic Adjustment on the Kansas Prairies, 1875-1925</i></li> <li>Miner, Craig. (2002) <i>Kansas: The History of the Sunflower State, 1854-2000</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1215-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1215-7">0-7006-1215-7</a>)</li> <li>Reynolds, David. (2005) <i>John Brown, Abolitionist</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-41188-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-41188-7">0-375-41188-7</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14949413">Rich, Everett, ed. <i>The Heritage of Kansas: Selected Commentaries on Past Times</i> (1960)</a></li> <li>Socolofsky, Homer E. (1990) <i>Kansas Governors</i></li> <li>Socolofsky, Homer E. and Huber Self. (1992) <i>Historical Atlas of Kansas</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Wishart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David J. Wishart (page does not exist)">Wishart, David J.</a> ed. (2004) <i>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers’_Project1939" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Writers%E2%80%99_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Writers’ Project">Federal Writers’ Project</a> (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015027812505?urlappend=%3Bseq=537">"Chronology"</a>. <i>Kansas: a Guide to the Sunflower State</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Guide_Series" title="American Guide Series">American Guide Series</a>. New York: Viking Press. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015027812505?urlappend=%3Bseq=537">2027/mdp.39015027812505</a> – via Hathi Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft.btitle=Kansas%3A+a+Guide+to+the+Sunflower+State&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=American+Guide+Series&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015027812505%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D537&rft.au=Federal+Writers%E2%80%99+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015027812505%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+Kansas+history" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&oldid=1275303633">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kansas_history&oldid=1275303633</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Kansas" title="Category:History of Kansas">History of Kansas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Timelines_of_states_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Timelines of states of the United States">Timelines of states of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kansas_history-related_lists" title="Category:Kansas history-related lists">Kansas history-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Kansas" title="Category:Years in Kansas">Years in Kansas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2025" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2025">Use mdy dates from February 2025</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 February 2025, at 06:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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history</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" 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