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array</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: array"> <meta name="keywords" content="array"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="array"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 458</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: array</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> A CMOS Capacitor Array for ESPAR with Fast Switching Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Sup%20Kim">Jin-Sup Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hwan%20Choi"> Se-Hwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Young%20Lee"> Jae-Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 8-bit CMOS capacitor array is designed for using in electrically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR). The proposed capacitor array shows the fast response time in rising and falling characteristics. Compared to other works in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) or silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technologies, it shows a comparable tuning range and switching time with low power consumption. Using the 0.18um CMOS, the capacitor array features a tuning range of 1.5 to 12.9 pF at 2.4GHz. Including the 2X4 decoder for control interface, the Chip size is 350um X 145um. Current consumption is about 80 nA at 1.8 V operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20capacitor%20array" title="CMOS capacitor array">CMOS capacitor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESPAR" title=" ESPAR"> ESPAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOI" title=" SOI"> SOI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOS" title=" SOS"> SOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20time" title=" switching time"> switching time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24058/a-cmos-capacitor-array-for-espar-with-fast-switching-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> An Automated Sensor System for Cochlear Implants Electrode Array Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Hou">Lei Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinli%20Du"> Xinli Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Boulgouris"> Nikolaos Boulgouris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cochlear implant, referred to as a CI, is a small electronic device that can provide direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. During cochlear implant surgery, atraumatic electrode array insertion is considered to be a crucial step. However, during implantation, the mechanical behaviour of an electrode array inside the cochlea is not known. The behaviour of an electrode array inside of the cochlea is hardly identified by regular methods. In this study, a CI electrode array capacitive sensor system is proposed. It is able to automatically determine the array state as a result of the capacitance variations. Instead of applying sensors to the electrode array, the capacitance information from the electrodes will be gathered and analysed. Results reveal that this sensing method is capable of recognising different states when fed into a pre-shaped model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implant" title="cochlear implant">cochlear implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20preservation" title=" hearing preservation"> hearing preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insertion%20force" title=" insertion force"> insertion force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20sensing" title=" capacitive sensing"> capacitive sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147/an-automated-sensor-system-for-cochlear-implants-electrode-array-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Thinned Elliptical Cylindrical Antenna Array Synthesis Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Bera">Rajesh Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Durbadal%20Mandal"> Durbadal Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Kar"> Rajib Kar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakti%20P.%20Ghoshal"> Sakti P. Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes optimal thinning of an Elliptical Cylindrical Array (ECA) of uniformly excited isotropic antennas which can generate directive beam with minimum relative Side Lobe Level (SLL). The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, which represents a new approach for optimization problems in electromagnetic, is used in the optimization process. The PSO is used to determine the optimal set of ‘ON-OFF’ elements that provides a radiation pattern with maximum SLL reduction. Optimization is done without prefixing the value of First Null Beam Width (FNBW). The variation of SLL with element spacing of thinned array is also reported. Simulation results show that the number of array elements can be reduced by more than 50% of the total number of elements in the array with a simultaneous reduction in SLL to less than -27dB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinned%20array" title="thinned array">thinned array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization"> Particle Swarm Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elliptical%20Cylindrical%20Array" title=" Elliptical Cylindrical Array"> Elliptical Cylindrical Array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Side%20Lobe%20Label." title=" Side Lobe Label."> Side Lobe Label.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4068/thinned-elliptical-cylindrical-antenna-array-synthesis-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Study on Discontinuity Properties of Phased-Array Ultrasound Transducer Affecting to Sound Pressure Fields Pattern</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Trong%20Thang">Tran Trong Thang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Phan%20Kien"> Nguyen Phan Kien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trinh%20Quang%20Duc"> Trinh Quang Duc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phased-array ultrasound transducer types are utilities for medical ultrasonography as well as optical imaging. However, their discontinuity characteristic limits the applications due to the artifacts contaminated into the reconstructed images. Because of the effects of the ultrasound pressure field pattern to the echo ultrasonic waves as well as the optical modulated signal, the side lobes of the focused ultrasound beam induced by discontinuity of the phased-array ultrasound transducer might the reason of the artifacts. In this paper, a simple method in approach of numerical simulation was used to investigate the limitation of discontinuity of the elements in phased-array ultrasound transducer and their effects to the ultrasound pressure field. Take into account the change of ultrasound pressure field patterns in the conditions of variation of the pitches between elements of the phased-array ultrasound transducer, the appropriated parameters for phased-array ultrasound transducer design were asserted quantitatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased-array%20ultrasound%20transducer" title="phased-array ultrasound transducer">phased-array ultrasound transducer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20pressure%20pattern" title=" sound pressure pattern"> sound pressure pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuous%20sound%20field" title=" discontinuous sound field"> discontinuous sound field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20visualization" title=" numerical visualization"> numerical visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15171/study-on-discontinuity-properties-of-phased-array-ultrasound-transducer-affecting-to-sound-pressure-fields-pattern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Faulty Sensors Detection in Planar Array Antenna Using Pelican Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafqat%20Ullah%20Khan">Shafqat Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nasir"> Ammar Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using planar antenna array (PAA) in radars, Broadcasting, satellite antennas, and sonar for the detection of targets, Helps provide instant beam pattern control. High flexibility and Adaptability are achieved by multiple beam steering by using a Planar array and are particularly needed in real-life Sanrio’s where the need arises for several high-directivity beams. Faulty sensors in planar arrays generate asymmetry, which leads to service degradation, radiation pattern distortion, and increased levels of sidelobe. The POA, a nature-inspired optimization algorithm, accurately determines faulty sensors within an array, enhancing the reliability and performance of planar array antennas through extensive simulations and experiments. The analysis was done for different types of faults in 7 x 7 and 8 x 8 planar arrays in MATLAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Planar%20antenna%20array" title="Planar antenna array">Planar antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelican%20optimisation%20Algorithm" title=" Pelican optimisation Algorithm"> Pelican optimisation Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faculty%20sensor" title=" Faculty sensor"> Faculty sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antenna%20arrays" title=" Antenna arrays"> Antenna arrays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186381/faulty-sensors-detection-in-planar-array-antenna-using-pelican-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> Efficient Antenna Array Beamforming with Robustness against Random Steering Mismatch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Che%20Lee"> Kun-Che Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of using antenna sensors for adaptive beamforming in the presence of random steering mismatch. We present an efficient adaptive array beamformer with robustness to deal with the considered problem. The robustness of the proposed beamformer comes from the efficient designation of the steering vector. Using the received array data vector, we construct an appropriate correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector and a correlation matrix associated with signal sources. Then, the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of the constructed signal correlation matrix is designated as an appropriate estimate of the steering vector. Finally, the adaptive weight vector required for adaptive beamforming is obtained by using the estimated steering vector and the constructed correlation matrix of the array data vector. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title=" antenna array"> antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearly%20constrained%20minimum%20variance" title=" linearly constrained minimum variance"> linearly constrained minimum variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector" title=" steering vector"> steering vector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84543/efficient-antenna-array-beamforming-with-robustness-against-random-steering-mismatch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Detection Characteristics of the Random and Deterministic Signals in Antenna Arrays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olesya%20Bolkhovskaya">Olesya Bolkhovskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Davydov"> Alexey Davydov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Maltsev"> Alexander Maltsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper approach to incoherent signal detection in multi-element antenna array are researched and modeled. Two types of useful signals with unknown wavefront were considered. First one is deterministic (Barker code), the second one is random (Gaussian distribution). The derivation of the sufficient statistics took into account the linearity of the antenna array. The performance characteristics and detecting curves are modeled and compared for different useful signals parameters and for different number of elements of the antenna array. Results of researches in case of some additional conditions can be applied to a digital communications systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title="antenna array">antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection%20curves" title=" detection curves"> detection curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20characteristics" title=" performance characteristics"> performance characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20processing" title=" quadrature processing"> quadrature processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20detection" title=" signal detection"> signal detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37526/detection-characteristics-of-the-random-and-deterministic-signals-in-antenna-arrays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> An Eigen-Approach for Estimating the Direction-of Arrival of Unknown Number of Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dia%20I.%20Abu-Al-Nadi">Dia I. Abu-Al-Nadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Mismar"> M. J. Mismar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20Ismail"> T. H. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A technique for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of unknown number of source signals is presented using the eigen-approach. The eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the autocorrelation matrix yields the minimum output power of the array. Also, the array polynomial with this eigenvector possesses roots on the unit circle. Therefore, the pseudo-spectrum is found by perturbing the phases of the roots one by one and calculating the corresponding array output power. The results indicate that the DOAs and the number of source signals are estimated accurately in the presence of a wide range of input noise levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20signal%20processing" title="array signal processing">array signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction-of-arrival" title=" direction-of-arrival"> direction-of-arrival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays" title=" antenna arrays"> antenna arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigenvalues" title=" Eigenvalues"> Eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigenvectors" title=" Eigenvectors"> Eigenvectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20multiplier" title=" Lagrange multiplier"> Lagrange multiplier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50693/an-eigen-approach-for-estimating-the-direction-of-arrival-of-unknown-number-of-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Design of an Acoustic Imaging Sensor Array for Mobile Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dibyendu%20Roy">Dibyendu Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ramu%20Reddy"> V. Ramu Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parijat%20Deshpande"> Parijat Deshpande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Dasgupta"> Ranjan Dasgupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Imaging of underwater objects is primarily conducted by acoustic imagery due to the severe attenuation of electro-magnetic waves in water. Acoustic imagery underwater has varied range of significant applications such as side-scan sonar, mine hunting sonar. It also finds utility in other domains such as imaging of body tissues via ultrasonography and non-destructive testing of objects. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using active acoustic imagery in air and simulate phased array beamforming techniques available in literature for various array designs to achieve a suitable acoustic sensor array design for a portable mobile robot which can be applied to detect the presence/absence of anomalous objects in a room. The multi-path reflection effects especially in enclosed rooms and environmental noise factors are currently not simulated and will be dealt with during the experimental phase. The related hardware is designed with the same feasibility criterion that the developed system needs to be deployed on a portable mobile robot. There is a trade of between image resolution and range with the array size, number of elements and the imaging frequency and has to be iteratively simulated to achieve the desired acoustic sensor array design. The designed acoustic imaging array system is to be mounted on a portable mobile robot and targeted for use in surveillance missions for intruder alerts and imaging objects during dark and smoky scenarios where conventional optic based systems do not function well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20sensor%20array" title="acoustic sensor array">acoustic sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20imagery" title=" acoustic imagery"> acoustic imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly%20detection" title=" anomaly detection"> anomaly detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array%20beamforming" title=" phased array beamforming"> phased array beamforming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43887/design-of-an-acoustic-imaging-sensor-array-for-mobile-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Electromagnetic Source Direction of Arrival Estimation via Virtual Antenna Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meiling%20Yang">Meiling Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguo%20Xie"> Shuguo Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilong%20Zhu"> Yilong Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, due to diverse electric products and complex electromagnetic environment, the localization and troubleshooting of the electromagnetic radiation source is urgent and necessary especially on the condition of far field. However, based on the existing DOA positioning method, the system or devices are complex, bulky and expensive. To address this issue, this paper proposes a single antenna radiation source localization method. A single antenna moves to form a virtual antenna array combined with DOA and MUSIC algorithm to position accurately, meanwhile reducing the cost and simplify the equipment. As shown in the results of simulations and experiments, the virtual antenna array DOA estimation modeling is correct and its positioning is credible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20antenna%20array" title="virtual antenna array">virtual antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOA" title=" DOA"> DOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=far%20field" title=" far field"> far field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75035/electromagnetic-source-direction-of-arrival-estimation-via-virtual-antenna-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Gan Nanowire-Based Sensor Array for the Detection of Cross-Sensitive Gases Using Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashfaque%20Hossain%20Khan">Ashfaque Hossain Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Thomson"> Brian Thomson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratan%20Debnath"> Ratan Debnath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Motayed"> Abhishek Motayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulpuri%20V.%20Rao"> Mulpuri V. Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though the efforts had been made, the problem of cross-sensitivity for a single metal oxide-based sensor can’t be fully eliminated. In this work, a sensor array has been designed and fabricated comprising of platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag) decorated TiO2 and ZnO functionalized GaN nanowires using industry-standard top-down fabrication approach. The metal/metal-oxide combinations within the array have been determined from prior molecular simulation study using first principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The gas responses were obtained for both single and mixture of NO2, SO2, ethanol, and H2 in the presence of H2O and O2 gases under UV light at room temperature. Each gas leaves a unique response footprint across the array sensors by which precise discrimination of cross-sensitive gases has been achieved. An unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) technique has been implemented on the array response. Results indicate that each gas forms a distinct cluster in the score plot for all the target gases and their mixtures, indicating a clear separation among them. In addition, the developed array device consumes very low power because of ultra-violet (UV) assisted sensing as compared to commercially available metal-oxide sensors. The nanowire sensor array, in combination with PCA, is a potential approach for precise real-time gas monitoring applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sensitivity" title="cross-sensitivity">cross-sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis%20%28PCA%29" title=" principle component analysis (PCA)"> principle component analysis (PCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20array" title=" sensor array"> sensor array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118468/gan-nanowire-based-sensor-array-for-the-detection-of-cross-sensitive-gases-using-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Simulation of Photovoltaic Array for Specified Ratings of Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smita%20Pareek">Smita Pareek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Dahiya"> Ratna Dahiya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The power generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) module depends on surrounding irradiance, temperature, shading conditions, and shading pattern. This paper presents a simulation of photovoltaic module using Matlab/Simulink. PV Array is also simulated by series and parallel connections of modules and their characteristics curves are given. Further PV module topology/configuration are proposed for 5.5kW inverter available in the literature. Shading of a PV array either complete or partial can have a significant impact on its power output and energy yield; therefore, the simulated model characteristics curves (I-V and P-V) are drawn for uniform shading conditions (USC) and then output power, voltage and current are calculated for variation in insolation for shading conditions. Additionally the characteristics curves are also given for a predetermined shadowing condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array" title="array">array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series" title=" series"> series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel" title=" parallel"> parallel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20shading" title=" partial shading"> partial shading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21871/simulation-of-photovoltaic-array-for-specified-ratings-of-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> Fabrication of Immune-Affinity Monolithic Array for Detection of α-Fetoprotein and Carcinoembryonic Antigen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li">Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ru%20Xia"> Li-Ru Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He-Ye%20Wang"> He-Ye Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao-Dong%20Bi"> Xiao-Dong Bi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we presented a highly sensitive immune-affinity monolithic array for detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Firstly, the epoxy functionalized monolith arrays were fabricated using UV initiated copolymerization method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the poly(BABEA-<em>co</em>-GMA) monolith exhibited a well-controlled skeletal and well-distributed porous structure. Then, AFP and CEA immune-affinity monolithic arrays were prepared by immobilization of AFP and CEA antibodies on epoxy functionalized monolith arrays. With a non-competitive immune response format, the presented AFP and CEA immune-affinity arrays were demonstrated as an inexpensive, flexible, homogeneous and stable array for detection of AFP and CEA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemiluminescent%20detection" title="chemiluminescent detection">chemiluminescent detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune-affinity" title=" immune-affinity"> immune-affinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolithic%20copolymer%20array" title=" monolithic copolymer array"> monolithic copolymer array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-initiated%20copolymerization" title=" UV-initiated copolymerization"> UV-initiated copolymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43820/fabrication-of-immune-affinity-monolithic-array-for-detection-of-a-fetoprotein-and-carcinoembryonic-antigen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Mutual Coupling Reduction between Patch Antenna Array Elements Using Metamaterial Z Shaped Resonators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oossama%20Tabbabi">Oossama Tabbabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mondher%20Labidi"> Mondher Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fethi%20Choubani"> Fethi Choubani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20David"> J. David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern wireless communication systems require compact design, low cost and simple structure antennas to insure reliability, agility, and high efficiency characteristics. This paper presents a microstrip antenna array designed for 8 GHz applications. To reduce the mutual coupling effects, a Z shape metamaterial structure was imprinted in the microstrip antenna array composed of two elements. Simulation results show the improvement of mutual coupling by adding Z shape metamaterial structure to the antenna substrate. The proposed structure reduces mutual coupling by 19 dB. The simulation has been performed by using HFSS simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title="antenna array">antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20design" title=" compact design"> compact design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20wireless%20communication" title=" modern wireless communication"> modern wireless communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20coupling%20effects" title=" mutual coupling effects"> mutual coupling effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42228/mutual-coupling-reduction-between-patch-antenna-array-elements-using-metamaterial-z-shaped-resonators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Evaluation of DNA Oxidation and Chemical DNA Damage Using Electrochemiluminescent Enzyme/DNA Microfluidic Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itti%20Bist">Itti Bist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snehasis%20Bhakta"> Snehasis Bhakta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Jiang"> Di Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tia%20E.%20Keyes"> Tia E. Keyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Martin"> Aaron Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20J.%20Forster"> Robert J. Forster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20F.%20Rusling"> James F. Rusling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DNA damage from metabolites of lipophilic drugs and pollutants, generated by enzymes, represents a major toxicity pathway in humans. These metabolites can react with DNA to form either 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which is the oxidative product of DNA or covalent DNA adducts, both of which are genotoxic and hence considered important biomarkers to detect cancer in humans. Therefore, detecting reactions of metabolites with DNA is an effective approach for the safety assessment of new chemicals and drugs. Here we describe a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor array which can detect DNA oxidation and chemical DNA damage in a single array, facilitating a more accurate diagnostic tool for genotoxicity screening. Layer-by-layer assembly of DNA and enzyme are assembled on the pyrolytic graphite array which is housed in a microfluidic device for sequential detection of two type of the DNA damages. Multiple enzyme reactions are run on test compounds using the array, generating toxic metabolites in situ. These metabolites react with DNA in the films to cause DNA oxidation and chemical DNA damage which are detected by ECL generating osmium compound and ruthenium polymer, respectively. The method is further validated by the formation of 8-oxodG and DNA adduct using similar films of DNA/enzyme on magnetic bead biocolloid reactors, hydrolyzing the DNA, and analyzing by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Hence, this combined DNA/enzyme array/LC-MS approach can efficiently explore metabolic genotoxic pathways for drugs and environmental chemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemiluminescence" title=" electrochemiluminescence"> electrochemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20damage" title=" DNA damage"> DNA damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20array" title=" microfluidic array"> microfluidic array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65139/evaluation-of-dna-oxidation-and-chemical-dna-damage-using-electrochemiluminescent-enzymedna-microfluidic-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Effects of Array Electrode Placement on Identifying Localised Muscle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20R.%20Al-Mulla">Mohamed R. Al-Mulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bader%20Al-Bader"> Bader Al-Bader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firouz%20K.%20Ghaaedi"> Firouz K. Ghaaedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Sepulveda"> Francisco Sepulveda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface electromyography (sEMG) is utilised in numerous studies on muscle activity. In the beginning, single electrodes were utilised; however, the newest approach is to use an array of electrodes or a grid of electrodes to improve the accuracy of the recorded reading. This research focuses on electrode placement on the biceps brachii, using an array of electrodes placed longitudinal and diagonally on the muscle belly. Trials were conducted on four healthy males, with sEMG signal acquisition from fatiguing isometric contractions. The signal was analysed using the power spectrum density. The separation between the two classes of fatigue (non-fatigue and fatigue) was calculated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI). Results show that higher separability between the fatigue content of the sEMG signal when placed longitudinally, in the same direction as the muscle fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20electrodes" title="array electrodes">array electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii" title=" biceps brachii"> biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20placement" title=" electrode placement"> electrode placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG"> EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isometric%20contractions" title=" isometric contractions"> isometric contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793/effects-of-array-electrode-placement-on-identifying-localised-muscle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Subarray Based Multiuser Massive MIMO Design Adopting Large Transmit and Receive Arrays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsiki%20Taniguchi">Tetsiki Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshio%20Karasawa"> Yoshio Karasawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a subarray based low computational design method of multiuser massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. In our previous works, use of large array is assumed only in transmitter, but this study considers the case both of transmitter and receiver sides are equipped with large array antennas. For this aim, receive arrays are also divided into several subarrays, and the former proposed method is modified for the synthesis of a large array from subarrays in both ends. Through computer simulations, it is verified that the performance of the proposed method is degraded compared with the original approach, but it can achieve the improvement in the aspect of complexity, namely, significant reduction of the computational load to the practical level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20array" title="large array">large array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massive%20multiple%20input%20multiple%20output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO)"> massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiuser" title=" multiuser"> multiuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20value%20decomposition" title=" singular value decomposition"> singular value decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subarray" title=" subarray"> subarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20forcing" title=" zero forcing"> zero forcing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37491/subarray-based-multiuser-massive-mimo-design-adopting-large-transmit-and-receive-arrays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Comparative Analysis of Two Approaches to Joint Signal Detection, ToA and AoA Estimation in Multi-Element Antenna Arrays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olesya%20Bolkhovskaya">Olesya Bolkhovskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Davydov"> Alexey Davydov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Maltsev"> Alexander Maltsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper two approaches to joint signal detection, time of arrival (ToA) and angle of arrival (AoA) estimation in multi-element antenna array are investigated. Two scenarios were considered: first one, when the waveform of the useful signal is known a priori and, second one, when the waveform of the desired signal is unknown. For first scenario, the antenna array signal processing based on multi-element matched filtering (MF) with the following non-coherent detection scheme and maximum likelihood (ML) parameter estimation blocks is exploited. For second scenario, the signal processing based on the antenna array elements covariance matrix estimation with the following eigenvector analysis and ML parameter estimation blocks is applied. The performance characteristics of both signal processing schemes are thoroughly investigated and compared for different useful signals and noise parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title="antenna array">antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20detection" title=" signal detection"> signal detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ToA" title=" ToA"> ToA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AoA%20estimation" title=" AoA estimation"> AoA estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11917/comparative-analysis-of-two-approaches-to-joint-signal-detection-toa-and-aoa-estimation-in-multi-element-antenna-arrays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Hierarchical Scheme for Detection of Rotating Mimo Visible Light Communication Systems Using Mobile Phone Camera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Hao%20Chen">Shih-Hao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Wai%20Chow"> Chi-Wai Chow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) scheme can extend the transmission capacity for the light-emitting-diode (LED) visible light communication (VLC) system. The MIMO VLC system using the popular mobile-phone camera as the optical receiver (Rx) to receive MIMO signal from n x n Red-Green-Blue (RGB) LED array is desirable. The key step of decoding the received RGB LED array signals is detecting the direction of received array signals. If the LED transmitter (Tx) is rotated, the signal may not be received correctly and cause an error in the received signal. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a novel hierarchical transmission scheme which can reduce the computation complexity of rotation detection in LED array VLC system. We use the n x n RGB LED array as the MIMO Tx. A novel two dimension Hadamard coding scheme is proposed and demonstrated. The detection correction rate is above 95% in the indoor usage distance. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Visible%20Light%20Communication%20%28VLC%29" title="Visible Light Communication (VLC)">Visible Light Communication (VLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple-input%20and%20multiple-output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)"> Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Red-Green-Blue%20%28RGB%29" title=" Red-Green-Blue (RGB)"> Red-Green-Blue (RGB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadamard%20coding%20scheme" title=" Hadamard coding scheme"> Hadamard coding scheme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15442/hierarchical-scheme-for-detection-of-rotating-mimo-visible-light-communication-systems-using-mobile-phone-camera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Cross Ventilation Potential in an Array of Building Blocks: The Case Study of Alexandria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakr%20Gomaa">Bakr Gomaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind driven Cross ventilation is achieved when air moves indoors due to the pressure difference on the building envelope. This is especially important in breezy moderate to humid settings in which fast air flow can promote thermal comfort. Studies have shown that the use of simple building forms or ignoring the urban context when studying natural ventilation can lead to inaccurate results. In this paper, the impact of the urban form of a regular array of buildings is investigated to define the impact of this urban setting on cross ventilation potential. The objective of this paper is to provide the necessary tools to achieve natural ventilation for cooling purposes in an array of building blocks context. The array urban form has been studied before for natural ventilation purposes yet to the best of our knowledge no study has considered the relationship between the urban form and the pressure patterns that develop on the buildings envelope for cross ventilation. For this we use detailed weather data for a case study city of Alexandria (Egypt), as well as a validated CFD simulations to investigate the cross ventilation potential in terms of pressure patterns in waterfront as well as in-city wind flows perpendicular to the buildings array. it was found that for both waterfront and in-city wind speeds the windows needed for cross ventilation in rear raws of the array are significantly larger than those needed for front raw. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20ventilation" title=" cross ventilation"> cross ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20coefficient" title=" pressure coefficient"> pressure coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56728/cross-ventilation-potential-in-an-array-of-building-blocks-the-case-study-of-alexandria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Design of Parity-Preserving Reversible Logic Signed Array Multipliers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Valinataj">Mojtaba Valinataj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reversible logic as a new favorable design domain can be used for various fields especially creating quantum computers because of its speed and intangible power consumption. However, its susceptibility to a variety of environmental effects may lead to yield the incorrect results. In this paper, because of the importance of multiplication operation in various computing systems, some novel reversible logic array multipliers are proposed with error detection capability by incorporating the parity-preserving gates. The new designs are presented for two main parts of array multipliers, partial product generation and multi-operand addition, by exploiting the new arrangements of existing gates, which results in two signed parity-preserving array multipliers. The experimental results reveal that the best proposed 4×4 multiplier in this paper reaches 12%, 24%, and 26% enhancements in the number of constant inputs, number of required gates, and quantum cost, respectively, compared to previous design. Moreover, the best proposed design is generalized for <em>n</em>×<em>n</em> multipliers with general formulations to estimate the main reversible logic criteria as the functions of the multiplier size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20multipliers" title="array multipliers">array multipliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baugh-Wooley%20method" title=" Baugh-Wooley method"> Baugh-Wooley method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20detection" title=" error detection"> error detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parity-preserving%20gates" title=" parity-preserving gates"> parity-preserving gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20computers" title=" quantum computers"> quantum computers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20logic" title=" reversible logic"> reversible logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68835/design-of-parity-preserving-reversible-logic-signed-array-multipliers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Improving Radiation Efficiency Using Metamaterial in Pyramidal Horn Antenna </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar%20Baghel">Amit Kumar Baghel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisir%20Kumar%20Nayak"> Sisir Kumar Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed metamaterial design help to increase the radiation efficiency at 2.9 GHz by reducing the side and back lobes by making the phase difference of the waves emerging from the phase center of the horn antenna same after passing through metamaterial array. The unit cell of the metamaterial is having concentric ring structure made of copper of 0.035 mm thickness on both sides of FR4 sheet. The inner ring diameter is kept as 3 mm, and the outer ring diameters are changed according to the path and tramission phase difference of the unit cell from the phase center of the antenna in both the horizontal and vertical direction, i.e., in x- and y-axis. In this case, the ring radius varies from 3.19 mm to 6.99 mm with the respective S21 phase difference of -62.25° to -124.64°. The total phase difference can be calculated by adding the path difference of the respective unit cell in the array to the phase difference of S21. Taking one of the unit cell as the reference, the total phase difference between the reference unit cell and other cells must be integer multiple of 360°. The variation of transmission coefficient S21 with the ring radius is greater than -6 dB. The array having 5 x 5 unit cell is kept inside the pyramidal horn antenna (L X B X H = 295.451 x 384.233 x 298.66 mm3) at a distance of 36.68 mm from the waveguide throat. There is an improvement in side lobe level in E-plane by 14.6 dB when the array is used. The front to back lobe ration is increased by 1 dB by using the array. The proposed antenna with metamaterial array can be used in beam shaping for wireless power transfer applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title="metamaterial">metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20lobe%20level" title=" side lobe level"> side lobe level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=front%20to%20back%20ratio" title=" front to back ratio"> front to back ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20forming" title=" beam forming "> beam forming </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82897/improving-radiation-efficiency-using-metamaterial-in-pyramidal-horn-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> Directivity and Gain Improvement for Microstrip Array Antenna with Directors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Elkamchouchi">Hassan M. Elkamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samy%20H.%20Darwish"> Samy H. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20H.%20Elkamchouchi"> Yasser H. Elkamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Morsy"> M. E. Morsy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methodology is suggested to design a linear rectangular microstrip array antenna based on Yagi antenna theory. The antenna with different directors' lengths as parasitic elements were designed, simulated, and analyzed using HFSS. The calculus and results illustrate the effectiveness of using specific parasitic elements to improve the directivity and gain for microstrip array antenna. The results have shown that the suggested methodology has the potential to be applied for improving the antenna performance. Maximum radiation intensity (Umax) of the order of 0.47w/st was recorded, directivity of 6.58dB, and gain better than 6.07dB are readily achievable for the antenna that working. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directivity" title="directivity">directivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=director" title=" director"> director</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna" title=" microstrip antenna"> microstrip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20improvment" title=" gain improvment"> gain improvment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46501/directivity-and-gain-improvement-for-microstrip-array-antenna-with-directors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> Near Field Focusing Behaviour of Airborne Ultrasonic Phased Arrays Influenced by Airflows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Sun">D. Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20F.%20Lu"> T. F. Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zander"> A. Zander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Trinkle"> M. Trinkle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the potential use of airborne ultrasonic phased arrays for imaging in outdoor environments as a means of overcoming the limitations experienced by kinect sensors, which may fail to work in the outdoor environments due to the oversaturation of the infrared photo diodes. Ultrasonic phased arrays have been well studied for static media, yet there appears to be no comparable examination in the literature of the impact of a flowing medium on the focusing behaviour of near field focused ultrasonic arrays. This paper presents a method for predicting the sound pressure fields produced by a single ultrasound element or an ultrasonic phased array influenced by airflows. The approach can be used to determine the actual focal point location of an array exposed in a known flow field. From the presented simulation results based upon this model, it can be concluded that uniform flows in the direction orthogonal to the acoustic propagation have a noticeable influence on the sound pressure field, which is reflected in the twisting of the steering angle of the array. Uniform flows in the same direction as the acoustic propagation have negligible influence on the array. For an array impacted by a turbulent flow, determining the location of the focused sound field becomes difficult due to the irregularity and continuously changing direction and the speed of the turbulent flow. In some circumstances, ultrasonic phased arrays impacted by turbulent flows may not be capable of producing a focused sound field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne" title="airborne">airborne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow" title=" airflow"> airflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focused%20sound%20field" title=" focused sound field"> focused sound field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20phased%20array" title=" ultrasonic phased array"> ultrasonic phased array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42051/near-field-focusing-behaviour-of-airborne-ultrasonic-phased-arrays-influenced-by-airflows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">434</span> Evaluation and Analysis of Light Emitting Diode Distribution in an Indoor Visible Light Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20J.%20Olaluyi">Olawale J. Olaluyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodele%20S.%20Oluwole"> Ayodele S. Oluwole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Akinsanmi"> O. Akinsanmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson%20O.%20Adeogo"> Johnson O. Adeogo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communication using visible light VLC is considered a cutting-edge technology used for data transmission and illumination since it uses less energy than radio frequency (RF) technology and has a large bandwidth, extended lifespan, and high security. The room's irregular distribution of small base stations, or LED array distribution, is the cause of the obscured area, minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and received power. In order to maximize the received power distribution and SNR at the center of the room for an indoor VLC system, the researchers offer an innovative model for the placement of eight LED array distributions in this work. We have investigated the arrangement of the LED array distribution with regard to receiving power to fill the open space in the center of the room. The suggested LED array distribution saved 36.2% of the transmitted power, according to the simulation findings. Aside from that, the entire room was equally covered. This leads to an increase in both received power and SNR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visible%20light%20communication%20%28VLC%29" title="visible light communication (VLC)">visible light communication (VLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitted%20diodes%20%28LED%29" title=" light emitted diodes (LED)"> light emitted diodes (LED)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20power%20distribution" title=" optical power distribution"> optical power distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal-to-noise%20ratio%20%28SNR%29." title=" signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)."> signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177852/evaluation-and-analysis-of-light-emitting-diode-distribution-in-an-indoor-visible-light-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">433</span> High Gain Mobile Base Station Antenna Using Curved Woodpile EBG Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kamphikul">P. Kamphikul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Krachodnok"> P. Krachodnok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Wongsan"> R. Wongsan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the gain improvement of a sector antenna for mobile phone base station by using the new technique to enhance its gain for microstrip antenna (MSA) array without construction enlargement. The curved woodpile Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) has been utilized to improve the gain instead. The advantages of this proposed antenna are reducing the length of MSAs array but providing the higher gain and easy fabrication and installation. Moreover, it provides a fan-shaped radiation pattern, wide in the horizontal direction and relatively narrow in the vertical direction, which appropriate for mobile phone base station. The paper also presents the design procedures of a 1x8 MSAs array associated with U-shaped reflector for decreasing their back and side lobes. The fabricated curved woodpile EBG exhibits bandgap characteristics at 2.1 GHz and is utilized for realizing a resonant cavity of MSAs array. This idea has been verified by both the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software and experimental results. As the results, the fabricated proposed antenna achieves a high gain of 20.3 dB and the half-power beam widths in the E- and H-plane of 36.8 and 8.7 degrees, respectively. Good qualitative agreement between measured and simulated results of the proposed antenna was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20improvement" title="gain improvement">gain improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna%20array" title=" microstrip antenna array"> microstrip antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20band%20gap" title=" electromagnetic band gap"> electromagnetic band gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station" title=" base station"> base station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12373/high-gain-mobile-base-station-antenna-using-curved-woodpile-ebg-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">432</span> Flip-Chip Bonding for Monolithic of Matrix-Addressable GaN-Based Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Ju%20Chen">Chien-Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Jui%20Yu"> Chia-Jui Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyun-Hao%20Liao"> Jyun-Hao Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ching%20Wu"> Chia-Ching Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Chyi%20Wu"> Meng-Chyi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 64 × 64 GaN-based micro-light-emitting diode array (μLEDA) with 20 μm in pixel size and 40 μm in pitch by flip-chip bonding (FCB) is demonstrated in this study. Besides, an underfilling (UF) technology is applied to the process for improving the uniformity of device. With those configurations, good characteristics are presented, operation voltage and series resistance of a pixel in the 450 nm flip chip μLEDA are 2.89 V and 1077Ω (4.3 mΩ-cm²) at 25 A/cm², respectively. The μLEDA can sustain higher current density compared to conventional LED, and the power of the device is 9.5 μW at 100 μA and 0.42 mW at 20 mA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title="GaN">GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-light-emitting%20diode%20array%28%CE%BCLEDA%29" title=" micro-light-emitting diode array(μLEDA)"> micro-light-emitting diode array(μLEDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flip-chip%20bonding" title=" flip-chip bonding"> flip-chip bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underfilling" title=" underfilling"> underfilling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73765/flip-chip-bonding-for-monolithic-of-matrix-addressable-gan-based-micro-light-emitting-diodes-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">431</span> Noninvasive Disease Diagnosis through Breath Analysis Using DNA-functionalized SWNT Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20Zhang">W. J. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Q.%20Du"> Y. Q. Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Wang"> M. L. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noninvasive diagnostics of diseases via breath analysis has attracted considerable scientific and clinical interest for many years and become more and more promising with the rapid advancement in nanotechnology and biotechnology. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, which are mainly blood borne, particularly provide highly valuable information about individuals’ physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, breath analysis is noninvasive, real-time, painless and agreeable to patients. We have developed a wireless sensor array based on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) for the detection of a number of physiological indicators in breath. Eight DNA sequences were used to functionalize SWNT sensors to detect trace amount of methanol, benzene, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, acetone and ethanol, which are indicators of heavy smoking, excessive drinking, and diseases such as lung cancer, breast cancer, cirrhosis and diabetes. Our tests indicated that DNA functionalized SWNT sensors exhibit great selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, different molecules can be distinguished through pattern recognition enabled by this sensor array. Thus, the DNA-SWNT sensor array has great potential to be applied in chemical or bimolecular detection for the noninvasive diagnostics of diseases and health monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breath%20analysis" title="breath analysis">breath analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA-SWNT%20sensor%20array" title=" DNA-SWNT sensor array"> DNA-SWNT sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noninvasive" title=" noninvasive"> noninvasive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36968/noninvasive-disease-diagnosis-through-breath-analysis-using-dna-functionalized-swnt-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">430</span> Adaptive Beamforming with Steering Error and Mutual Coupling between Antenna Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to close antenna spacing between antenna sensors within a compact space, a part of data in one antenna sensor would outflow to other antenna sensors when the antenna sensors in an antenna array operate simultaneously. This phenomenon is called mutual coupling effect (MCE). It has been shown that the performance of antenna array systems can be degraded when the antenna sensors are in close proximity. Especially, in a systems equipped with massive antenna sensors, the degradation of beamforming performance due to the MCE is significantly inevitable. Moreover, it has been shown that even a small angle error between the true direction angle of the desired signal and the steering angle deteriorates the effectiveness of an array beamforming system. However, the true direction vector of the desired signal may not be exactly known in some applications, e.g., the application in land mobile-cellular wireless systems. Therefore, it is worth developing robust techniques to deal with the problem due to the MCE and steering angle error for array beamforming systems. In this paper, we present an efficient technique for performing adaptive beamforming with robust capabilities against the MCE and the steering angle error. Only the data vector received by an antenna array is required by the proposed technique. By using the received array data vector, a correlation matrix is constructed to replace the original correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector. Then, the mutual coupling matrix due to the MCE on the antenna array is estimated through a recursive algorithm. An appropriate estimate of the direction angle of the desired signal can also be obtained during the recursive process. Based on the estimated mutual coupling matrix, the estimated direction angle, and the reconstructed correlation matrix, the proposed technique can effectively cure the performance degradation due to steering angle error and MCE. The novelty of the proposed technique is that the implementation procedure is very simple and the resulting adaptive beamforming performance is satisfactory. Simulation results show that the proposed technique provides much better beamforming performance without requiring complicated complexity as compared with the existing robust techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20coupling%20effect" title=" mutual coupling effect"> mutual coupling effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20algorithm" title=" recursive algorithm"> recursive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20angle%20error" title=" steering angle error"> steering angle error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84628/adaptive-beamforming-with-steering-error-and-mutual-coupling-between-antenna-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">429</span> Effects of Magnetization Patterns on Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Generator for Wave Energy Converter Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Won%20Seo">Sung-Won Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang-Young%20Choi"> Jang-Young Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rare earth magnets used in synchronous generators offer many advantages, including high efficiency, greatly reduced the size, and weight. The permanent magnet linear synchronous generator (PMLSG) allows for direct drive without the need for a mechanical device. Therefore, the PMLSG is well suited to translational applications, such as wave energy converters and free piston energy converters. This manuscript compares the effects of different magnetization patterns on the characteristics of double-sided PMLSGs in slotless stator structures. The Halbach array has a higher flux density in air-gap than the Vertical array, and the advantages of its performance and efficiency are widely known. To verify the advantage of Halbach array, we apply a finite element method (FEM) and analytical method. In general, a FEM and an analytical method are used in the electromagnetic analysis for determining model characteristics, and the FEM is preferable to magnetic field analysis. However, the FEM is often slow and inflexible. On the other hand, the analytical method requires little time and produces accurate analysis of the magnetic field. Therefore, the flux density in air-gap and the Back-EMF can be obtained by FEM. In addition, the results from the analytical method correspond well with the FEM results. The model of the Halbach array reveals less copper loss than the model of the Vertical array, because of the Halbach array’s high output power density. The model of the Vertical array is lower core loss than the model of Halbach array, because of the lower flux density in air-gap. Therefore, the current density in the Vertical model is higher for identical power output. The completed manuscript will include the magnetic field characteristics and structural features of both models, comparing various results, and specific comparative analysis will be presented for the determination of the best model for application in a wave energy converting system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy%20converter" title="wave energy converter">wave energy converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet%20linear%20synchronous%20generator" title=" permanent magnet linear synchronous generator"> permanent magnet linear synchronous generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20method" title=" analytical method"> analytical method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65820/effects-of-magnetization-patterns-on-characteristics-of-permanent-magnet-linear-synchronous-generator-for-wave-energy-converter-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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