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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div 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aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Egenskaper-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Egenskaper</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fysiske_egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fysiske_egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fysiske egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fysiske_egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjemiske_egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjemiske_egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kjemiske egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjemiske_egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksjonsevne_og_forbindelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksjonsevne_og_forbindelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reaksjonsevne og forbindelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksjonsevne_og_forbindelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kvikksølv_og_aluminium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvikksølv_og_aluminium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kvikksølv og aluminium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kvikksølv_og_aluminium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotoper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotoper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Isotoper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotoper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forekomst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forekomst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Forekomst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forekomst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anvendelse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Anvendelse</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historisk_anvendelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historisk_anvendelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historisk anvendelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historisk_anvendelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelser_under_utfasing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelser_under_utfasing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Anvendelser under utfasing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anvendelser_under_utfasing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelse_i_dag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelse_i_dag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Anvendelse i dag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anvendelse_i_dag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miljøskade_og_utslipp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miljøskade_og_utslipp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Miljøskade og utslipp</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Miljøskade_og_utslipp-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Miljøskade og utslipp</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Miljøskade_og_utslipp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naturlige_utslipp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturlige_utslipp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Naturlige utslipp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturlige_utslipp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menneskeskapte_utslipp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menneskeskapte_utslipp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Menneskeskapte utslipp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menneskeskapte_utslipp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minamata-ulykken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minamata-ulykken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Minamata-ulykken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minamata-ulykken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-«U_864»_utenfor_Fedje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#«U_864»_utenfor_Fedje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>«U 864» utenfor Fedje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-«U_864»_utenfor_Fedje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oak_Ridge-utslippet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oak_Ridge-utslippet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Oak Ridge-utslippet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oak_Ridge-utslippet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kvikksølvforgiftning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvikksølvforgiftning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kvikksølvforgiftning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kvikksølvforgiftning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Kvikksølvforgiftning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kvikksølvforgiftning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Behandling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behandling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Behandling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behandling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restriksjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restriksjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Restriksjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restriksjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kvikksølv</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 170 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvikksølv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kviks%C3%B8lv" title="Kviksølv – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kviksølv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvicksilver" title="Kvicksilver – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvicksilver" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyksilvur" title="Kyksilvur – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kyksilvur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikasilfur" title="Kvikasilfur – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvikasilfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%9C%E1%89%83" title="ባዜቃ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባዜቃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elleesilb%C3%A2" title="Elleesilbâ – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Elleesilbâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%82" title="زئبق – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زئبق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Սնդիկ – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սնդիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghearyiru" title="Ghearyiru – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ghearyiru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuriu_(elementu)" title="Mercuriu (elementu) – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mercuriu (elementu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotimembe" title="Kuarepotimembe – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotimembe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civ%C9%99" title="Civə – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Civə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="جیوه – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیوه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasa_(datu)" title="Rasa (datu) – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rasa (datu)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6" title="পারদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-g%C3%AEn" title="Chúi-gîn – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-gîn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%88" title="Терегөмөш – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Терегөмөш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ртуць – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ртуць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ртуць – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ртуць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पारा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asugi" title="Asugi – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asugi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Живак – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="མེར་ཁུ་རི། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེར་ཁུ་རི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Živa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevargant" title="Bevargant – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bevargant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Чĕркĕмĕл – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чĕркĕмĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rtu%C5%A5" title="Rtuť – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rtuť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentuvivu" title="Argentuvivu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Argentuvivu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_byw_(elfen)" title="Arian byw (elfen) – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arian byw (elfen)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeba" title="Zeeba – dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zeeba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82" title="زاواق – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زاواق" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eallisilba" title="Eallisilba – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eallisilba" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quecksilber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6" title="ދިރޭރަހަ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިރޭރަހަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_t%C3%B3zh%C3%A1anii" title="Béésh tózháanii – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh tózháanii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elavh%C3%B5be" title="Elavhõbe – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elavhõbe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υδράργυρος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδράργυρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%B9ri" title="Mercùri – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mercùri" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mercury (element)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эрексия – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эрексия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrargo" title="Hidrargo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrargo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuriu_(elementu)" title="Mercuriu (elementu) – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mercuriu (elementu)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua) – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Merkurio (elementua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="جیوه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element) – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mercury (element)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mercure (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mearcair_(d%C3%BAil)" title="Mearcair (dúil) – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mearcair (dúil)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercur" title="Mercur – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mercur" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mearcar_(meatailt)" title="Mearcar (meatailt) – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mearcar (meatailt)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury" title="Mercury – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mercury" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B" title="પારો – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પારો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAi-ngi%C3%B9n" title="Súi-ngiùn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Súi-ngiùn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мөңгүсан – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Мөңгүсан" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%9D%80" title="수은 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수은" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melekulia" title="Melekulia – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Melekulia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Սնդիկ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սնդիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Živa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkurio" title="Merkurio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Merkurio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento)" title="Mercurio (elemento) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mercurio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Джынасу – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джынасу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Mercury" title="I-Mercury – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Mercury" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigidi_(inhlwa)" title="Isigidi (inhlwa) – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isigidi (inhlwa)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כספית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כספית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%9Br%C9%A9k%C9%A9r%C9%A9" title="Mɛrɩkɩrɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɛrɩkɩrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8" title="ಪಾದರಸ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾದರಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asugi" title="Asugi – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Asugi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვერცხლისწყალი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვერცხლისწყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Сынап – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сынап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkuri" title="Merkuri – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Merkuri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebaki" title="Zebaki – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zebaki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8ki_(chimi)" title="Mèki (chimi) – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mèki (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AEbeq" title="Zîbeq – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zîbeq" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Сымап – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сымап" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Хьюму муси – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хьюму муси" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A)" title="Mercury (ອົງປະກອບ) – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="Mercury (ອົງປະກອບ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrargyrum" title="Hydrargyrum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hydrargyrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvsudrabs" title="Dzīvsudrabs – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvsudrabs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quecks%C3%ABlwer" title="Quecksëlwer – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quecksëlwer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyvsidabris" title="Gyvsidabris – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvsidabris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuio_(elemento)" title="Mercuio (elemento) – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mercuio (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kwik" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artugu" title="Artugu – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Artugu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/margu" title="margu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="margu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_(element_chimich)" title="Mercurio (element chimich) – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mercurio (element chimich)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higany" title="Higany – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Higany" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жива – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жива" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volavelona" title="Volavelona – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volavelona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82)" title="രസം (മൂലകം) – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രസം (മൂലകം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konuoi" title="Konuoi – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konuoi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पारा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%82" title="زيبق – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيبق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="جیوه – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جیوه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABi-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%80ng" title="Cūi-ngṳ̀ng – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūi-ngṳ̀ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%81" title="Мөнгөн ус – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгөн ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="ပြဒါး – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြဒါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoliamochitl" title="Yoliamochitl – nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Yoliamochitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="पारो – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पारो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="पारो – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पारो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" title="水銀 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水銀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaksalwer" title="Kwaksalwer – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kwaksalwer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Майдар – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Майдар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A6" title="ପାରଦ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାରଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisha_meetaa" title="Bisha meetaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bisha meetaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simob" title="Simob – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Simob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਾਰਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="پارہ – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پارہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="پاره – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element) – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mercuri (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quecks%C3%BClver" title="Quecksülver – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Quecksülver" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rt%C4%99%C4%87" title="Rtęć – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rtęć" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico) – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element) – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mercur (element)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaku_qullqi" title="Yaku qullqi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaku qullqi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="पारदः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पारदः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%B9riu_(elementu_ch%C3%ACmicu)" title="Mercùriu (elementu chìmicu) – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mercùriu (elementu chìmicu)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element) – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mercur (element)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kw%C3%A4ks%C3%A4%C3%A4lwer" title="Kwäksäälwer – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kwäksäälwer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhiva" title="Zhiva – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zhiva" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuriu_(elementu_ch%C3%ACmicu)" title="Mercuriu (elementu chìmicu) – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mercuriu (elementu chìmicu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="රසදිය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසදිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element) – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mercury (element)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortu%C5%A5" title="Ortuť – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ortuť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo_srebro" title="Živo srebro – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Živo srebro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBywe_strzyb%C5%82o" title="Żywe strzybło – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Żywe strzybło" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkuri" title="Meerkuri – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Meerkuri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95" title="جیوە – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جیوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жива – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Živa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_raksa" title="Cai raksa – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cai raksa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elohopea" title="Elohopea – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elohopea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoge" title="Asoge – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asoge" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாதரசம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாதரசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Терекөмеш – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Терекөмеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="పాదరసము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాదరసము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97" title="ปรอท – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรอท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Симоб – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Симоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1va" title="Cıva – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cıva" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ртуть – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ртуть" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="پارہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%83%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A(element)" title="مېركۇرىي(element) – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مېركۇرىي(element)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raemxngaenz" title="Raemxngaenz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Raemxngaenz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artut%27" title="Artut' – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Artut'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thủy ngân – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủy ngân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrargin" title="Hidrargin – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hidrargin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mierkeure_(elemint)" title="Mierkeure (elemint) – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mierkeure (elemint)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="汞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoge" title="Asoge – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asoge" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קוועקזילבער – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוועקזילבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0d%C3%A1k%C3%A0ol%C3%B3mi" title="Fàdákàolómi – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fàdákàolómi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" title="水銀 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水銀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q925#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Kvikks%C3%B8lv" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk 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accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom 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tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks bred biografi"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Kvikksølv</th></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hg-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hg-TableImage.svg/300px-Hg-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hg-TableImage.svg/450px-Hg-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hg-TableImage.svg/600px-Hg-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Basisdata</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Navn</th><td colspan="2">Kvikksølv</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Symbol</th><td colspan="2">Hg</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Atomnummer</a></th><td colspan="2">80</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utseende</th><td colspan="2">sølvhvit</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Plass i <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet">periodesystemet</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_grupper" title="Periodesystemets grupper">Gruppe</a></th><td colspan="2">12</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder">Periode</a></th><td colspan="2">6</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Blokk</th><td colspan="2">d</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_serie" title="Kjemisk serie">Kjemisk serie</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Transisjonsmetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Transisjonsmetall">transisjonsmetall</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Atomegenskaper</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atomvekt</a></th><td colspan="2">200,59 <a href="/wiki/Atommasseenhet" title="Atommasseenhet">u</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Empirisk <a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">atomradius</a></th><td colspan="2">150 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Kalkulert <a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">atomradius</a></th><td colspan="2">171 pm</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Kovalent atomradius</th><td colspan="2">149 pm</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfigurasjon" title="Elektronkonfigurasjon">Elektronkonfigurasjon</a></th><td colspan="2">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektroner</a> per energinivå</th><td colspan="2">2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oksidasjonstilstand" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidasjonstilstand">Oksidasjonstilstander</a></th><td colspan="2">1, 2, 4</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Krystallstruktur">Krystallstruktur</a></th><td colspan="2">rombisk</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Fysiske egenskaper</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stofftilstand" class="mw-redirect" title="Stofftilstand">Stofftilstand</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ske" title="Væske">væske</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">Smeltepunkt</a></th><td colspan="2">-38,83 °<a href="/wiki/Celsiusskalaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsiusskalaen">C</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kokepunkt" title="Kokepunkt">Kokepunkt</a></th><td colspan="2">356,73 °C</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Molart_volum" title="Molart volum">Molart volum</a></th><td colspan="2">14,09 · 10<sup>-6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kubikkmeter" title="Kubikkmeter">m³</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(enhet)" title="Mol (enhet)">mol</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet">Tetthet</a></th><td colspan="2">13 546 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>/m³</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kritisk_temperatur" title="Kritisk temperatur">Kritisk temperatur</a></th><td colspan="2">1 750 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritisk_trykk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritisk trykk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kritisk trykk</a></th><td colspan="2">172 MPa</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fordampningsvarme" title="Fordampningsvarme">Fordampningsvarme</a></th><td colspan="2">59,229 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smeltevarme" title="Smeltevarme">Smeltevarme</a></th><td colspan="2">2,295 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Damptrykk" title="Damptrykk">Damptrykk</a></th><td colspan="2">0,0002 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(enhet)" title="Pascal (enhet)">Pa</a> ved 234 K</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lydfart" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydfart">Lydfart</a></th><td colspan="2">1 407 <a href="/wiki/Meter_per_sekund" title="Meter per sekund">m/s</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4" class="center">Diverse</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet">Elektronegativitet</a> etter Pauling-skalaen</th><td colspan="2">2,00</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spesifikk_varmekapasitet" title="Spesifikk varmekapasitet">Spesifikk varmekapasitet</a></th><td colspan="2">140 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a>/(kg · K)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_ledningsevne" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrisk ledningsevne">Elektrisk ledningsevne</a></th><td colspan="2">1,04 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(enhet)" title="Siemens (enhet)">S/m</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Termisk_konduktivitet" title="Termisk konduktivitet">Termisk konduktivitet</a></th><td colspan="2">8,3 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a>/(m · K)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><small><a href="/wiki/SI-systemet" title="SI-systemet">SI</a>-enheter & <a href="/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur">STP</a> er brukt, hvis ikke annet er nevnt. MV = Manglende verdi.</small></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kvikksølv</b> er et <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">kjemisk grunnstoff</a> med symbol <b>Hg</b> og <a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">atomnummer</a> 80. Grunnstoffets symbol er en forkortelse av <b>hydrargyrum</b>, etter <i>hydr</i>, vann, og <i>argyros</i>, sølv. Kvikksølv er eneste metall som er flytende ved <a href="/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur">standard trykk og temperatur</a>; det eneste av de andre grunnstoffene som er flytende under disse betingelsene, er <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">brom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Med et <a href="/wiki/Smeltepunkt" title="Smeltepunkt">frysepunkt</a> på -38,83 °C og et <a href="/wiki/Kokepunkt" title="Kokepunkt">kokepunkt</a> på 356,73 °C, er kvikksølv et av metallene med minst differanse mellom frysepunkt og kokepunkt, og har således et av de minste spekter for temperaturforskjeller i flytende tilstand av alle metaller. Som et sølvfarget <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metall</a> med høy massetetthet, og tilhørende i <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet">periodesystemets</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-blokk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-blokk (ikke skrevet ennå)">d-blokk</a>, er kvikksølv et av de fem metalliske grunnstoffene som er <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ske" title="Væske">flytende</a> ved eller i nærheten av <a href="/wiki/Romtemperatur" title="Romtemperatur">romtemperatur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6risk_trykk" title="Atmosfærisk trykk">atmosfærisk trykk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norrby_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norrby-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvor de andre er <a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">cesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">francium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a>. </p><p>På verdensbasis er naturlige kvikksølvforekomster vanligvis bundet i <a href="/wiki/Sinober_(mineral)" title="Sinober (mineral)">sinober</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lvsulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølvsulfid (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølvsulfid</a>). Det røde fargepigmentet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermilion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vermilion (ikke skrevet ennå)">vermilion</a> blir vanligvis framstilt ved utvinning fra sinober. Sinober er meget giftig ved inntak eller innånding av dets støv. <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Kvikksølvforgiftning">Kvikksølvforgiftning</a> kan også forårsakes av eksponering av vannløselige kvikksølvforbindelser (som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(II)klorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(II)klorid (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølvklorid</a> og <a href="/wiki/Metylkvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Metylkvikksølv">metylkvikksølv</a>), innånding av kvikksølvdamp, eller inntak av sjømat forurenset med kvikksølv. </p><p>Kvikksølv har blitt benyttet i <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manometer" title="Manometer">manometre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blodtrykksm%C3%A5ler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blodtrykksmåler (ikke skrevet ennå)">blodtrykksmålere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flott%C3%B8r" title="Flottør">flottører</a> brukt til nivåregulering, enkelte elektriske brytere, og andre vitenskapelige instrumenter. Bekymringer i forbindelse med grunnstoffets toksisitet har ført til at kvikksølvbaserte termometre og blodtrykksmålere i stor grad er faset ut for bruk i kliniske omgivelser til fordel for <a href="/wiki/Alkoholer" title="Alkoholer">alkoholfylte</a>, digitale eller <a href="/wiki/Termistor" title="Termistor">termistor</a>-baserte instrumenter. Kvikksølv er fortsatt i bruk i vitenskapelige forskningsapplikasjoner og i <a href="/wiki/Amalgam" title="Amalgam">amalgam</a> brukt til <a href="/wiki/Tannfylling" title="Tannfylling">tannfyllinger</a>, samt til elektrisk belysning: elektrisitet som passerer kvikksølvdamp i et fosforrør, slik det gjør i lysrør, produserer kortbølget <a href="/wiki/Ultrafiolett_str%C3%A5ling" title="Ultrafiolett stråling">ultrafiolett lys</a> som gjør at fosforet sender ut lys i synlig bølgelengde. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mercury_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mercury_symbol.svg/120px-Mercury_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mercury_symbol.svg/180px-Mercury_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mercury_symbol.svg/240px-Mercury_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>Symbolet for planeten <a href="/wiki/Merkur" title="Merkur">Merkur</a> (☿) har siden oldtiden representert grunnstoffet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kvikksølv har blitt funnet i egyptiske gravsteder datert til 1500 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> ble kvikksølv benyttet i den hensikt å forlenge livet, lege benbrudd og opprettholde en generelt god helsetilstand.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang Di</a>, som var første keiser for et forent Kina, ble angivelig gravlagt i et gravkammer med elver av flytende kvikksølv, lagt til i en modell av landet han regjerte over, hvor de skulle representere Kinas elver. Keiseren selv døde etter å ha drukket kvikksølv og spist en pulverblanding av blant annet knust <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a>, noe som angivelig skulle gi ham evig liv.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wright_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">Antikkens grekere</a> brukte kvikksølv i salver; <a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_Egypt" title="Oldtidens Egypt">Oldtidens egyptere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">romerne</a> brukte det i <a href="/wiki/Kosmetikk" title="Kosmetikk">kosmetikk</a>, noe som noen ganger kunne forårsake deformasjoner i ansiktet. I <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamanai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamanai (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lamanai</a>, som en gang var en av de større byene i <a href="/wiki/Mayaer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayaer">Maya-sivilisasjonen</a>, er det gjort funn av kvikksølv under en markør i en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meso-amerikansk_ballhall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meso-amerikansk ballhall (ikke skrevet ennå)">meso-amerikansk ballhall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omtrent 500 f.Kr. var kvikksølv i bruk til framstilling av <a href="/wiki/Amalgam" title="Amalgam">amalgamer</a> (Middelalderlatin <i>amalgama</i>, «kvikksølvlegering») sammen med andre metaller.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi">Alkymister</a> trodde at kvikksølv var «<i>prima materia</i>», basis for alle stoff. De mente at ulike metaller kunne dannes ved å tilsette ulik kvalitet og kvantitet av <a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel">svovel</a>. Det edleste av disse var <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a>, og kvikksølv ble benyttet i forsøkene på å forvandle uedle (eller ikke rene) metaller til gull, noe som også var mange alkymisters store mål.<sup id="cite_ref-Stillman_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stillman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Hg</b> er det moderne <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjemisk symbol">kjemiske symbolet</a> for kvikksølv. Det stammer fra <i>hydrargyrum</i>, en latinisering av det <a href="/wiki/Gresk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk språk">greske</a> ordet <i>ὑδράργυρος</i>, <i>hydrargyros</i>, som er en kombinasjon av ordene <i>vann</i> og <i>sølv</i> - siden det er flytende som vann og har et utseende som ligner sølv. Grunnstoffets engelske navn <i>mercury</i>, kommer fra den romerske guden <a href="/wiki/Merkur_(gud)" title="Merkur (gud)">Merkur</a>, budbringeren. Det er også forbundet med planeten <a href="/wiki/Merkur" title="Merkur">Merkur</a>. Det astrologiske symbolet for planeten er det samme som det alkymistiske tegnet for kvikksølv, og et indisk ord for alkymi er <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasav%C4%81tam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasavātam (ikke skrevet ennå)">Rasavātam</a></i>, som betyr «kvikksølvet vei» (eller måte).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kvikksølv er det eneste metallet hvis alkymiske, planetariske navn ble det vanligvis brukte navn, men imidlertid bare i deler av verden.<sup id="cite_ref-Stillman_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stillman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ordet «kvikksølv» stammer fra <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8n" title="Norrøn">norrønt</a>, <i>kviksilfr.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette ordet har den samme betydningen som <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> <i>ὑδράργυρος</i> (<i>hydrargyros</i>, betyr <i>flytende</i> <i>sølv</i>) og <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>argentum vivum</i> (betyr <i>levende sølv</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egenskaper">Egenskaper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fysiske_egenskaper">Fysiske egenskaper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fysiske egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fysiske egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvikksølv er et sølvhvitt metall med høy massetetthet. Sammenlignet med andre metaller, har det dårlige varmeledningsevne, men leder elektrisitet relativt bra.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kjemiske_egenskaper">Kjemiske egenskaper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kjemiske egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjemiske egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvikksølv har et uvanlig lavt smeltepunkt for et d-blokkmetall å være. En komplett forklaring på dette vil kreve en dypere redegjørelse ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantefysikk</a>, men kan forklares slik: kvikksølv har en unik elektronkonfigurasjon, hvor underskallene 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d og 6s er fylt opp med elektroner. Da en slik konfigurasjon motstår fjerning av elektroner, opptrer kvikksølv på lignende måte som <a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">edelgassene</a>, som former svake bindinger og dermed smelter lett. Stabiliteten av 6s-skallet skyldes at 4f-skallet allerede er fylt opp. Et f-skall forhindrer i liten grad atomladingen som oppstår som et resultat av samspillet mellom 6s-skallet og atomkjernen. Fraværet av et fylt f-skall er årsaken til at <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a> har et betydelig høyere smeltepunkt. Metaller som <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a> har et elektron mindre i 6s-skallet enn man finner i kvikksølv. Elektronene i gull faller lettere bort, slik at det dannes relativt sterke <a href="/wiki/Metallbinding" title="Metallbinding">metallbindinger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Norrby_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norrby-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ved smeltepunktet (−38.86 °C) har kvikksølv en massetetthet på 13,534 g/cm³.<sup id="cite_ref-GenChem_Textbook_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GenChem_Textbook-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksjonsevne_og_forbindelser">Reaksjonsevne og forbindelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Reaksjonsevne og forbindelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Reaksjonsevne og forbindelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvikksølv løses opp og danner <a href="/wiki/Amalgam" title="Amalgam">amalgamer</a> med gull, <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a>, og mange andre metaller. Da jern er et unntak, har flasker av jern tradisjonelt blitt brukt til oppbevaring av kvikksølv. Andre metaller som ikke danner amalgamer i kontakt med kvikksølv, er <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">tantal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> og <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a>. Når varmet opp, reagerer kvikksølv med oksygen i luften, slik at <a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lvoksid" title="Kvikksølvoksid">kvikksølvoksid</a> dannes, en forbindelse som kan dekomponeres ved videre oppvarming.<sup id="cite_ref-patnaik_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da kvikksølv ligger over <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_elektrokjemiske_spenningsserie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den elektrokjemiske spenningsserie (ikke skrevet ennå)">den elektrokjemiske spenningsserien</a>, reagerer ikke kvikksølv med de fleste syrer, som fortynnet <a href="/wiki/Svovelsyre" title="Svovelsyre">svovelsyre</a>, men kvikksølv løses opp i konsentrerte, oksiderende, sterke syrer som konsentrert svovelsyre, <a href="/wiki/Salpetersyre" title="Salpetersyre">salpetersyre</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kongevann" title="Kongevann">kongevann</a>, hvor det dannes salter av kvikksølv og henholdsvis <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrater</a> og <a href="/wiki/Klorid" title="Klorid">klorider</a>. Som med <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølv</a>, reagerer kvikksølv med <a href="/wiki/Hydrogensulfid" title="Hydrogensulfid">hydrogensulfid</a> under normaltrykk. Kvikksølv reagerer også med svovel i pulverform, som brukes blant annet i sett for bruk ved kvikksølvsøl for å absorbere kvikksølvdamp (settene inneholder også <a href="/wiki/Aktivt_kull" title="Aktivt kull">aktivt kull</a> og sinkpulver).<sup id="cite_ref-patnaik_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Viktige kvikksølvsalter inkluderer: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(I)klorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(I)klorid (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølv(I)klorid</a>, også kalt kalomel, er fortsatt i bruk til medisinske formål, akustoptiske filtre og som standard i elektrokjemi;<sup id="cite_ref-electrode_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electrode-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(II)klorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(II)klorid (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølv(II)klorid</a> er en meget etsende, lett sublimerende og giftig forbindelse;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kviks%C3%B8lvfulminat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kviksølvfulminat">Kviksølvfulminat</a>, også kalt knallkviksølv, er en detonator tidligere hyppig brukt i forbindelse med eksplosiver;<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lvoksid" title="Kvikksølvoksid">Kvikksølv(II)oksid</a>, ofte bare omtalt som kvikksølvoksid;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(II)sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(II)sulfid (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølv(II)sulfid</a>, finnes naturlig i sinober, og i foredlet tilstand som fargepigmentet vermilion;<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(II)selenid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(II)selenid (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølv(II)selenid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(II)tellurid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(II)tellurid (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølv(II)tellurid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv-kadmiumtellurid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv-kadmiumtellurid (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølv-kadmiumtellurid</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv-sinktellurid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv-sinktellurid (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølv-sinktellurid</a> blir brukt i <a href="/wiki/Halvleder" title="Halvleder">halvledere</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrar%C3%B8d_detektor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrarød detektor (ikke skrevet ennå)">infrarøde detektorer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>I disse forbindelsene finner man kvikksølv med oksidasjonstilstandene +1 og +2. Oksidasjonstilstanden +1 involverer det dimeriske kationet Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>. Løsninger med Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> er i likevekt med Hg<sup>2+</sup> og metallisk kvikksølv: </p> <dl><dd>Hg<sup>2+</sup> + Hg <span class="Unicode" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Code2001, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">⇌</span> Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup></dd></dl> <p>Denne likevekten betyr at løsninger med Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>-ioner også har en liten andel Hg<sup>2+</sup>. Ved å la Hg<sup>2+</sup> inngå i en annen reaksjon, som ved danning av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_(kjemi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks (kjemi) (ikke skrevet ennå)">komplekse forbindelser</a> med sterke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligand (ikke skrevet ennå)">ligander</a> eller ved felling av et ikkeløselig salt, vil likevekten forskyves slik at Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> blir omdannet til Hg<sup>2+</sup> og kvikksølv i ren tilstand.<sup id="cite_ref-henderson_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-henderson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foruten Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> kan kvikksølv også inngå i andre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplekst_ion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplekst ion (ikke skrevet ennå)">komplekse ioner</a>, som Hg<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Høyere oksidasjonstilstander for kvikksølv ble bekreftet i september 2007, da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv(IV)fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølv(IV)fluorid (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølv(IV)fluorid</a> (HgF<sub>4</sub>) ble framstilt ved hjelp av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matrix_(kjemi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matrix (kjemi) (ikke skrevet ennå)">matrix</a> isolasjonsteknikker.<sup id="cite_ref-WangX_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WangX-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laboratorieforsøk har vist at elektriske utladninger får <a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">edelgasser</a> til å inngå forbindelser med kvikksølvdamp. Disse forbindelsene holdes sammen av <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalske_krefter" title="Van der Waalske krefter">van der Waalske krefter</a>, med henholdsvis Hg·Ne, Hg·Ar, Hg·Kr og Hg·Xe som resultat (se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Excimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Excimer (ikke skrevet ennå)">excimer</a>). Organiske kvikksølvforbindelser er også viktige. <a href="/wiki/Metylkvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Metylkvikksølv">Metylkvikksølv</a> er en farlig forbindelse som ofte inngår som forurensning i innsjøer og elver.<sup id="cite_ref-methylHg_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-methylHg-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kvikksølv_og_aluminium"><span id="Kvikks.C3.B8lv_og_aluminium"></span>Kvikksølv og aluminium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kvikksølv og aluminium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kvikksølv og aluminium"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvikksølv lar seg lett kombinere med <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> i dannelsen av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminiumamalgam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminiumamalgam (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølv-aluminiumamalgam</a>, når metallene i ren tilstand kommer i kontakt. Dersom aluminiumamalgamen kommer i kontakt med luft, oksiderer imidlertid aluminiumen, og ren kvikksølv blir dannet igjen. Oksidet flakes av, og ny aluminiumamalgam eksponeres i kontakt med luft, og prosessen gjentas. Prosessen fortsetter inntil all kvikksølvamalgamen er oppløst. Fordi prosessen frigjør kvikksølv, kan en liten mengde kvikksølv tære gjennom et større stykke aluminium over tid, ved progressivt å danne amalgam, for så å tære av aluminiumen som oksid.<sup id="cite_ref-CorrAl_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorrAl-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aluminium i kontakt med luft er vanligvis beskyttet av et molekyltynt lag med sin egen oksid, som hindrer oksygen i å reagere med selve metallet. Kvikksølv i kontakt med oksidet er ikke skadelig, men dersom ren aluminium skulle være eksponert, kan kvikksølvet blande seg med dette, og aluminiumen kan skades.<sup id="cite_ref-CorrAl_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorrAl-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gray_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er derfor restriksjoner på bruk og håndtering av kvikksølv i nærheten av aluminium. Kvikksølv er i særdeleshet ikke tillatt medbragt på fly under de fleste omstendigheter, på grunn av faren for at det skal danne amalgam med eksponerte flydeler av aluminium.<sup id="cite_ref-CorrAl_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorrAl-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotoper">Isotoper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Isotoper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Isotoper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lvisotoper" title="Kvikksølvisotoper">Kvikksølvisotoper</a> </p> </div> <p>Naturlig forekommende kvikksølv består av 7 stabile <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a>: <sup>196</sup><b>Hg</b> (0,15 %), <sup>198</sup><b>Hg</b> (9,97 %), <sup>199</sup><b>Hg</b> (16,87 %), <sup>200</sup><b>Hg</b> (23,1 %), <sup>201</sup><b>Hg</b> (13,18 %), <sup>202</sup><b>Hg</b> (29,86 %) og <sup>204</sup><b>Hg</b> (6,87 %). I tillegg finnes 33 kunstig fremstilte ustabile (og dermed <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivitet" title="Radioaktivitet">radioaktive</a>) isotoper hvorav de mest stabile er <sup>194</sup><b>Hg</b> med <a href="/wiki/Halveringstid" title="Halveringstid">halveringstid</a> 444 år, <sup>203</sup><b>Hg</b> med halveringstid 46,612 døgn, <sup>197</sup><b>Hg</b> med halveringstid 64,14 timer og <sup>195m1</sup><b>Hg</b> med halveringstid 41,6 timer. Alle de resterende isotopene har halveringstider kortere enn 1 døgn, og de fleste kortere enn 1 time.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">CAS</a>-nummer: 7439-97-6 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forekomst">Forekomst</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forekomst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forekomst"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg/250px-MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg/375px-MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg/500px-MercuryOreUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Kvikksølvmalm</figcaption></figure> <p>Kvikksølv kan i sjeldne tilfeller forekomme i ren form naturlig, men finnes hovedsakelig i <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineralet</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinober_(mineral)" title="Sinober (mineral)">sinober</a> (<b>HgS</b>). Dette mineralet forekommer vanligvis i områder med tidligere <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkansk</a> aktivitet. Andelen av kvikksølv i jordskorpen er omtrent 0,08 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">ppm</a>. Forekomster finnes blant annet i <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algerie" title="Algerie">Algerie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>. Fordi Italia og Spania omtrent ikke produserer kvikksølv, har disse to landene 2/3 av all verdens forekomster. De rikeste kvikksølv-malmene kan inneholde opptil 2,5 % kvikksølv. </p><p>Den vanligste fremstillingsmetoden av kvikksølv er ved <a href="/wiki/Redoksreaksjon" title="Redoksreaksjon">kjemisk reduksjon</a> av mineralet <a href="/wiki/Sinober_(mineral)" title="Sinober (mineral)">sinober</a> med oksygen (<b>O</b><sub>2</sub>). I 2007 var Kina verdens ledende produsent med 1 100 <a href="/wiki/Tonn" title="Tonn">tonn</a> fulgt av Kirgisistan med 250 tonn. På verdensbasis er det anslått at verdensproduksjonen i 2007 var 1 500 tonn.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mer enn 100 000 tonn kvikksølv ble utvunnet i <a href="/wiki/Huancavelica" title="Huancavelica">Huancavelica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> i over 300 år etter oppdagelsen av forekomstene i <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>; kvikksølv fra Huancavelica var avgjørende for <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølvproduksjonen</a> i de <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">spanske</a> koloniene i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Amerika" title="Sør-Amerika">Sør-Amerika</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anvendelse">Anvendelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Anvendelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Anvendelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hg_Mercury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hg_Mercury.jpg/250px-Hg_Mercury.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hg_Mercury.jpg/375px-Hg_Mercury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hg_Mercury.jpg/500px-Hg_Mercury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Rent kvikksølv</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historisk_anvendelse">Historisk anvendelse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historisk anvendelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historisk anvendelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Impregnering av trevirke</li> <li>Innenfor <a href="/wiki/Metallurgi" title="Metallurgi">metallurgi</a> benyttet <a href="/wiki/Grekere" title="Grekere">grekere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Romere" class="mw-redirect" title="Romere">romere</a> kvikksølv til å ekstrahere <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a>. Dette kan forklare at <a href="/wiki/Alkymist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkymist">alkymister</a> senere håpet å kunne forvandle kvikksølv til gull.</li> <li>Fremkalling av tidlige fotografier (<a href="/wiki/Daguerreotypi" title="Daguerreotypi">daguerreotypi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%B8lving" class="mw-redirect" title="Forsølving">Forsølving</a> av <a href="/wiki/Speil" title="Speil">speil</a></li> <li>Grohemmende maling (før <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soppmiddel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soppmiddel (ikke skrevet ennå)">Soppmiddel</a> (før <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoksyetylkvikks%C3%B8lvacetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoksyetylkvikksølvacetat (ikke skrevet ennå)">metoksyetylkvikksølvacetat</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-KjPlVe_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KjPlVe_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kvikksølv ble en gang brukt som rensemiddel for geværløp.</li> <li>Rengjøring</li> <li>Kvikksølvforbindelser har blitt brukt som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiseptikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiseptikum (ikke skrevet ennå)">antiseptika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avf%C3%B8ringsmiddel" title="Avføringsmiddel">avføringsmiddel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antidepressivum" title="Antidepressivum">antidepressiva</a>, og mot <a href="/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis">syfilis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a> bygde en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lvfontene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølvfontene (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølvfontene</a> for den Spanske Paviljong ved <a href="/wiki/Verdensutstilling" title="Verdensutstilling">Verdensutstillingen</a> (året 1937) i Paris. Fontenen er nå utstilt ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3_Mir%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundació Miró (ikke skrevet ennå)">Fundació Miró</a> i <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.</li> <li>I hattemaker-yrket ble kvikksølvnitrat benyttet, noe som førte til at hattemakere ofte ble kvikksølvforgiftet. De psykologiske symptomene forbundet med kvikksølvforgiftning kan ha vært opprinnelsen til det engelske uttrykket «<i>(as) mad as a hatter</i>» norsk: «gal som en hattemaker» som betyr «sprøyte gal». <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> ble på sine eldre dager svært opptatt av alkymistiske eksperimenter, og analyser av <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5r" title="Hår">hår</a> har påvist kvikksølvforgiftning hos ham – noe som kan forklare hans eksentriske oppførsel.</li> <li>Medisinsk bruk. Kvikksølv og kvikksølvforbindelser var tidligere brukt i <a href="/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin">medisiner</a>, men nå som de giftige virkningene er mer kjent og forstått, har denne bruken nesten opphørt. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lvklorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølvklorid (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølvklorid</a>, Hg<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, (også kjent som <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalomel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalomel (ikke skrevet ennå)">kalomel</a></i>) ble brukt tradisjonelt som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanndrivende_middel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanndrivende middel (ikke skrevet ennå)">vanndrivende middel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desinfeksjonsmiddel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desinfeksjonsmiddel (ikke skrevet ennå)">desinfeksjonsmiddel</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Avf%C3%B8ringsmiddel" title="Avføringsmiddel">avføringsmiddel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lvklorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølvklorid (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølvklorid</a>, HgCl<sub>2</sub>, (også kjent som <i>korrosiv sublimat</i>) ble brukt for å behandle <a href="/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis">syfilis</a> (også sammen med andre kvikksølv forbindelser)</li> <li><i>Blue mass</i>, en tablett eller sirup som hadde kvikksølv som hovedbestanddelen, ble gitt på resept gjennom hele det 19. århundre mot flere problemer som <a href="/wiki/Forstoppelse" title="Forstoppelse">forstoppelse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depresjon_(sykdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Depresjon (sykdom)">depresjon</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8dsel" title="Fødsel">fødsel</a>, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tannpine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tannpine (ikke skrevet ennå)">tannpine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>I begynnelsen av 20. århundre ble kvikksølv gitt til barn som avføringsmiddel og middel mot innvollsorm.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg/250px-Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg/375px-Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg/500px-Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption>Kvikksølvsøyle for å måle trykk</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anvendelser_under_utfasing">Anvendelser under utfasing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Anvendelser under utfasing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Anvendelser under utfasing"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Produksjon av <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a> og <a href="/wiki/Natriumhydroksid" title="Natriumhydroksid">natriumhydroksid</a> (natronlut) ved hjelp av den såkalte «Castner-Kellner prosessen».</li> <li>Tannfyllinger av amalgam. Norge har fra 1. januar 2008 innført forbud mot all bruk av kvikksølv i produkter, herunder kvikksølvamalgam som tannfyllingsmateriale.</li> <li>Antiseptikumet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merbromin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merbromin (ikke skrevet ennå)">merbromin</a>, som inneholder kvikksølv, brukes fremdeles, men er forbudt i flere land.</li> <li>I noen <a href="/wiki/Vaksine" title="Vaksine">vaksiner</a> har <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konserveringsmiddelet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konserveringsmiddelet (ikke skrevet ennå)">konserveringsmiddelet</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thimerosal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thimerosal (ikke skrevet ennå)">thimerosal</a> (som inneholder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etylkvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etylkvikksølv (ikke skrevet ennå)">etylkvikksølv</a>) vært benyttet siden 1930-årene.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imidlertid er mengden kvikksølv man får i seg gjennom en vaksine mye mindre enn det man får i seg gjennom normalt sunt kosthold. I tillegg har etyl-kvikksølv den egenskapen at kroppen skiller det ut etter et par dager i motsetning til kvikksølv man får i seg gjennom mat som lagres i kroppens fettvev for resten av livet. <a href="/wiki/Vaksineskepsis" title="Vaksineskepsis">Vaksinemotstandere</a> gir ofte kvikksølvforbindelsen skylden for autoimmune sykdommer og <a href="/wiki/Autisme" title="Autisme">autisme</a> hos barn, men medisinsk forskning har ikke kunnet påvise noen sammenheng.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kvikksølv<a href="/wiki/Malm" title="Malm">malmen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinober_(mineral)" title="Sinober (mineral)">sinober</a> er fremdeles en viktig del av <a href="/wiki/Tradisjonell_kinesisk_medisin" title="Tradisjonell kinesisk medisin">tradisjonell kinesisk</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetansk_medisin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibetansk medisin (ikke skrevet ennå)">tibetansk medisin</a>. Siden mange land forbyr disse medisinene, blir mindre giftige alternativer produsert.</li> <li>Kvikksølv har vært brukt i <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a>- og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølvutvinning</a>. Denne forurensende praksisen er fremdeles brukt av <i>los garimpeiros</i> (gullgruvarbeiderne) rundt <a href="/wiki/Amazonas" title="Amazonas">Amazonas</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>.</li> <li>Flytende kvikksølv har vært brukt som <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B8lev%C3%A6ske" title="Kjølevæske">kjølevæske</a> for <a href="/wiki/Atomreaktor" title="Atomreaktor">atomreaktorer</a>. På grunn av kvikksølvs høye egenvekt er det energikrevende å sirkulere det, og derfor har <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> vært foreslått som erstatning.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anvendelse_i_dag">Anvendelse i dag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Anvendelse i dag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Anvendelse i dag"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvikksølv blir brukt i <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manometer" title="Manometer">manometre</a>, blodtrykksmålere, flottørbrytere og andre vitenskapelige instrumenter. Bekymringer knyttet til kvikksølvets giftighet, har ført til en utfasing av bruken av grunnstoffet til fordel for alkoholfylte, digitale eller termistorbaserte instrumenter. Et alternativ til kvikksølv i medisinske termometre er legeringen «Galinstan» (etter <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a>, Stannum (<a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)">tinn</a>)) som har smeltepunkt på -19 °C. Kvikksølv har imidlertid fortsatt en rekke bruksområder, spesielt innen forskning og til vitenskapelige instrumenter. </p> <ul><li>Kvikksølv er brukt hovedsakelig ved produksjon av industrikjemikalier og i elektriske og elektroniske produkter. Det blir brukt i noen <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometre</a>, særlig de som brukes for å ta mål av høye temperaturer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blodtrykksapparat" class="mw-redirect" title="Blodtrykksapparat">Blodtrykksapparat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">Barometre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusjonspumpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diffusjonspumpe (ikke skrevet ennå)">diffusjonspumper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coulometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Coulometer">coulometre</a>, og flere andre laboratorieinstrumenter. Som ugjennomsiktig væske med høy <a href="/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet">tetthet</a> og nesten lineær <a href="/wiki/Varmeutvidelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmeutvidelse">varmeutvidelse</a> er kvikksølv ideelt for disse brukene.</li> <li>I noen gassfylte <a href="/wiki/Elektronr%C3%B8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronrør">elektronrør</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysbuelikeretter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lysbuelikeretter (ikke skrevet ennå)">lysbuelikerettere</a>.</li> <li>Kvikksølv brukes i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lvdamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølvdamp (ikke skrevet ennå)">kvikksølvdamp</a>-lamper, <a href="/wiki/Neonlys" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonlys">neonlys</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Lysr%C3%B8r" title="Lysrør">lysrør</a>/sparepærer.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lvbryter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvikksølvbryter (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kvikksølvbryter</a>, elektrisk bryter i gamle <a href="/wiki/Brannvarsler" class="mw-redirect" title="Brannvarsler">brannvarslere</a>, bryter i <a href="/wiki/Termostat" title="Termostat">termostater</a>, bevegelsesbrytere</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrode" title="Elektrode">Elektroder</a> i noen slags <a href="/wiki/Elektrolyse" title="Elektrolyse">elektrolyse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_batteri" title="Elektrisk batteri">akkumulatorceller</a>, i produksjon av <a href="/wiki/Natriumhydroksid" title="Natriumhydroksid">natriumhydroksid</a> og <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkalisk_akkumulator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkalisk akkumulator (ikke skrevet ennå)">Alkaliske akkumulatorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatorer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insektdrepende_middel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insektdrepende middel (ikke skrevet ennå)">Insektdrepende middel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flytende_speil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flytende speil (ikke skrevet ennå)">Flytende speil</a> i <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskoper</a></li></ul> <p>Et nytt <a href="/wiki/Atomur" title="Atomur">atomur</a>, som benytter kvikksølv istedenfor <a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">cesium</a>, har blitt utviklet. Nøyaktighet er ventet å være omkring et sekund pr 100 000 000 år.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png/250px-Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="405" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png/375px-Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png/500px-Mercury_fremont_ice_core.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption>Kvikksølvavleiringer de siste 270 årene i iskjerner fra Fremont-isbreen i <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miljøskade_og_utslipp"><span id="Milj.C3.B8skade_og_utslipp"></span>Miljøskade og utslipp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Miljøskade og utslipp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Miljøskade og utslipp"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvikksølvforbindelser finnes i atmosfæren og i vann som følge av både industrielle og naturlige utslipp. Som mange andre <a href="/wiki/Tungmetall" title="Tungmetall">tungmetall</a> akkumuleres det i levende organismer, noe som fører til at konsentrasjonen øker jo høyere i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6ringskjede" title="Næringskjede">næringskjeden</a> det kommer. <a href="/wiki/Predasjon" title="Predasjon">Predatorer</a> på toppen av de marine næringskjedene, som for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Isbj%C3%B8rn" title="Isbjørn">isbjørn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seler" title="Seler">sel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai">hai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makrellst%C3%B8rje" title="Makrellstørje">makrellstørje</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sverdfisk" title="Sverdfisk">sverdfisk</a> er, sammen med <a href="/wiki/Muslinger" title="Muslinger">muslinger</a>, særlig utsatt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naturlige_utslipp">Naturlige utslipp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Naturlige utslipp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Naturlige utslipp"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturlige utslipp har hovedsakelig kommet som følge av vulkanutbrudd. Disse utslippene står for omtrent halvparten av atmosfærisk kvikksølv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menneskeskapte_utslipp">Menneskeskapte utslipp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Menneskeskapte utslipp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Menneskeskapte utslipp"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menneskeskapte utslipp kommer fra kullkraftverk, raffinering av gull og andre industrielle virksomheter. Avsig fra søppelfyllinger er også en kilde til forurensing av grunnvann og vassdrag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minamata-ulykken">Minamata-ulykken</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Minamata-ulykken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Minamata-ulykken"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et av de verste tilfellene av kvikksølvrelaterte helseskader var dumpingen av kvikksølv i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minamata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minamata (ikke skrevet ennå)">Minamata</a>-bukten i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Chisso Corporation, en <a href="/wiki/Petrokjemi" title="Petrokjemi">petrokjemisk</a> industribedrift, ble funnet skyldig i å ha dumpet 27 tonn kvikksølv i perioden fra 1932 til 1968. Det er anslått at over 3 000 mennesker fikk det som ble kalt <a href="/wiki/Minamata-sykdom" title="Minamata-sykdom">Minamata-sykdom</a> i form av varige misdannelser, alvorlige symptomer på kvikksølvforgiftning eller døde, i det som senere ble kjent som Minamata-ulykken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="«U_864»_utenfor_Fedje"><span id=".C2.ABU_864.C2.BB_utenfor_Fedje"></span>«U 864» utenfor Fedje</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: «U 864» utenfor Fedje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen «U 864» utenfor Fedje"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Utenfor kysten av <a href="/wiki/Fedje_kommune" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedje kommune">Fedje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hordaland" title="Hordaland">Hordaland</a> ligger vraket av den tyske ubåten <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C2%ABU_864%C2%BB" title="«U 864»">«U 864»</a></span> fra <a href="/wiki/Andre_verdenskrig" title="Andre verdenskrig">andre verdenskrig</a>. Den ble senket i februar 1945, og ifølge tyske historiske kilder hadde den en last på mellom 65 og 70 tonn kvikksølv. Norsk institutt for vannforskning (<a href="/wiki/NIVA" class="mw-redirect" title="NIVA">NIVA</a>) har undersøkt havbunnen rundt vraket, og funnet ut at det er forurenset av kvikksølv.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oak_Ridge-utslippet">Oak Ridge-utslippet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oak Ridge-utslippet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Oak Ridge-utslippet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et av historiens største industri-utslipp av kvikksølv var fra Colex-anlegget, et litiumisotop separasjonsanlegg i Oak Ridge i <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, USA. Anlegget var i drift på 1950- og 1960-tallet. Opptegnelsene er ufullstendige, men regjeringskommisjoner har anslått at omkring 900 tonn kvikksølv ikke er gjort rede for.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kvikksølvforgiftning"><span id="Kvikks.C3.B8lvforgiftning"></span>Kvikksølvforgiftning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kvikksølvforgiftning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kvikksølvforgiftning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Skull_and_Crossbones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/50px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/75px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/100px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Kvikksølvforgiftning kan være både akutt og kronisk. Symptomer omfattet skjelving, følelsesmessig ustabilitet, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8vnl%C3%B8shet" title="Søvnløshet">søvnløshet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demens" title="Demens">demens</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Hallusinasjon" title="Hallusinasjon">hallusinasjon</a>. Undersøkelser har vist at akutt eksponering (4-8 timer) for rent kvikksølv i konsentrasjoner fra 1,1 til 44 mg/m³ førte til brystsmerter, <a href="/wiki/Dyspn%C3%A9" title="Dyspné">dyspné</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste">hoste</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blodspytting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blodspytting (ikke skrevet ennå)">blodspytting</a>, problemer med lungefunksjon, og bevis på <a href="/wiki/Lungebetennelse" title="Lungebetennelse">lungebetennelse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eksponering for kvikksølvsdamper kan føre til alvorlige problemer med <a href="/wiki/Sentralnervesystemet" title="Sentralnervesystemet">sentralnervesystemet</a>, inklusivt psykotiske reaksjoner som <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallusinasjon" title="Hallusinasjon">hallusinasjoner</a>, og tendens til <a href="/wiki/Selvmord" title="Selvmord">selvmordstanker</a>. </p><p>Akutt kvikksølvforgiftning kan føre til funksjonelle forstyrrelser, som omfatter irritabilitet, opphisselse, blyghet, og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8vnl%C3%B8shet" title="Søvnløshet">søvnløshet</a>. Ved fortsatt eksponering utvikles en muskelskjelving som kan forverres til voldsomme muskelkramper. Skjelvingen starter først i hender og senere i øyelokkene, leppene, og tungen. Langtidseksponering av lavere konsentrasjoner kvikksølv har blitt forbundet med svakere symptomer av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tretthet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tretthet (ikke skrevet ennå)">tretthet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irritabilitet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irritabilitet (ikke skrevet ennå)">irritabilitet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukommelsessvikt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukommelsessvikt (ikke skrevet ennå)">hukommelsessvikt</a>, sterke <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B8m" title="Drøm">drømmer</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Depresjon_(sykdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Depresjon (sykdom)">depresjon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behandling">Behandling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Behandling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Behandling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forskning på behandling av kvikksølvforgiftning er begrenset. Medisiner som er tilgjengelig for akutt kvikksølvforgiftning omfatter chelater N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamin (NAP), dimercaprol (britisk anti-Lewisite (BAL)), dimerkaptopropansulfonsyre (DMPS), og dimerkaptoravsyre (DMSA). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restriksjoner">Restriksjoner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Restriksjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Restriksjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På grunn av de helseskadelige effektene av kvikksølveksponering, er industri- og handelsbruk av stoffet regulert i mange land. <a href="/wiki/Verdens_helseorganisasjon" title="Verdens helseorganisasjon">Verdens helseorganisasjon</a>, USAs Occupational Safety and Health Administration og NIOSH (blant andre) anser kvikksølv som yrkesrisiko, og har satt grenser for kvikksølvkonsentrasjonen i arbeidsmiljøet. </p><p><b>I Norge</b> ble det fra 1. januar 2008 innført et generelt forbud mot bruk og import av kvikksølv, med mindre spesiell tillatelse foreligger.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_union" title="Den europeiske union"><b>EU</b></a> vedtok i 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=RoHS-direktivet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RoHS-direktivet (ikke skrevet ennå)">RoHS-direktivet</a> (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive). Dette direktivet begrenser (blant annet) kvikksølvinnholdet i salgsvarer til 0,01 %. </p><p><b>Regjeringen i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></b> vedtok i <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> «Clean Air Act», en lov som setter kvikksølv på en liste over miljøgifter som krever ekstra streng kontroll. Som en følge av loven måtte industribedrifter som slipper ut mye kvikksølv, gå med på å montere utstyr for utslippsovervåking (<i>maximum achievable control technologies (MACT)</i>). I mars <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ble kraftverk føyd til listen over virksomheter som skulle kontrolleres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Green, J. and Damji, S. <i>Chemistry</i>, Melton: IBID Press, 3rd ed. 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Senese, F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/why-is-mercury-liquid.shtml">«Why is mercury a liquid at STP?»</a>. General Chemistry Online at Frostburg State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. mai 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Senese%2C+F&rft.btitle=Why+is+mercury+a+liquid+at+STP%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=General+Chemistry+Online+at+Frostburg+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Finorganic%2Ffaq%2Fwhy-is-mercury-liquid.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norrby-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Norrby_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norrby_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Norrby, L.J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-education_1991-02_68_2/page/110">«Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks?»</a>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. 68 (2): 110. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JChEd..68..110N">1991JChEd..68..110N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed068p110">10.1021/ed068p110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=Why+is+mercury+liquid%3F+Or%2C+why+do+relativistic+effects+not+get+into+chemistry+textbooks%3F&rft.au=Norrby%2C+L.J.&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.pages=110&rft.volume=68&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-chemical-education_1991-02_68_2%2Fpage%2F110&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JChEd..68..110N&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed068p110&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070115042236/http://www.ec.gc.ca/MERCURY/EN/bf.cfm">«Mercury and the environment — Basic facts»</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environment Canada (ikke skrevet ennå)">Environment Canada</a>, Federal Government of Canada. 2004. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/MERCURY/EN/bf.cfm">originalen</a> 15. januar 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. mars 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Mercury+and+the+environment+%E2%80%94+Basic+facts&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Environment+Canada%2C+Federal+Government+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ec.gc.ca%2FMERCURY%2FEN%2Fbf.cfm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626042032/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/metals/stories/mercury.html">«Mercury — Element of the ancients»</a>. Center for Environmental Health Sciences, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/metals/stories/mercury.html">originalen</a> 26. juni 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. mars 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Mercury+%E2%80%94+Element+of+the+ancients&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Center+for+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Dartmouth+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dartmouth.edu%2F~toxmetal%2Fmetals%2Fstories%2Fmercury.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704151150/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22854.htm">«Qin Shihuang»</a>. Ministry of Culture, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. 2003. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22854.htm">originalen</a> 4. juli 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. mars 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Qin+Shihuang&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture%2C+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaculture.org%2Fgb%2Fen_aboutchina%2F2003-09%2F24%2Fcontent_22854.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wright-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wright_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wright, David Curtis (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofchina00wrig"><i>The History of China</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofchina00wrig/page/49">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/031330940X" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/031330940X">031330940X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Wright%2C+David+Curtis&rft.btitle=The+History+of+China&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=031330940X&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofchina00wrig&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFPendergast1982"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_M._Pendergast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David M. Pendergast (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pendergast, David M.</a> (6. august 1982), «Ancient maya mercury», <i>Science</i> <b>217</b>: 533–535</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ancient+maya+mercury&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.aulast=Pendergast&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Pendergast%2C%26%2332%3BDavid+M.&rft.date=6.+august+1982&rft.volume=217&rft.pages=533%E2%80%93535&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kvikks%C3%B8lv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611124757/http://www.guidetobelize.info/en/maya/belize-mayan-lamanai-guide.shtml">«Lamanai»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetobelize.info/en/maya/belize-mayan-lamanai-guide.shtml">originalen</a> 11. juni 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 17. juni 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Lamanai&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidetobelize.info%2Fen%2Fmaya%2Fbelize-mayan-lamanai-guide.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hesse R W (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=DIWEi5Hg93gC&pg=PA120"><i>Jewelrymaking through history</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. s. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0313335079" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0313335079">0313335079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Hesse+R+W&rft.btitle=Jewelrymaking+through+history&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0313335079&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DDIWEi5Hg93gC%26pg%3DPA120&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stillman-11"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Stillman_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stillman_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stillman, J. M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=hdaAGF5Y1N0C"><i>Story of Alchemy and Early Chemistry</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. s. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780766132306" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9780766132306">9780766132306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Stillman%2C+J.+M.&rft.btitle=Story+of+Alchemy+and+Early+Chemistry&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780766132306&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DhdaAGF5Y1N0C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cox, R (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=ykEN2zHvCpQC&pg=PA260"><i>The Pillar of Celestial Fire</i></a>. 1st World Publishing. s. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1887472304" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/1887472304">1887472304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Cox%2C+R&rft.btitle=The+Pillar+of+Celestial+Fire&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1887472304&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=1st+World+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DykEN2zHvCpQC%26pg%3DPA260&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boye_Wangensteen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boye Wangensteen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Boye Wangensteen</a> (red), <a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5lsordboka" title="Bokmålsordboka">Bokmålsordboka</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Norsk_spr%C3%A5kr%C3%A5d" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk språkråd">Norsk språkråd</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kunnskapsforlaget" title="Kunnskapsforlaget">Kunnskapsforlaget</a>. Isbn 82-573-1528-1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leif_Heggstad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leif Heggstad (ikke skrevet ennå)">Leif Heggstad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finn_H%C3%B8dneb%C3%B8" title="Finn Hødnebø">Finn Hødnebø</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_Simensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Simensen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Erik Simensen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norr%C3%B8n_Ordbok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norrøn Ordbok (ikke skrevet ennå)">Norrøn Ordbok</a>, <i>kviksilfr</i> (4.utg) (2004), <a href="/wiki/Det_Norske_Samlaget" title="Det Norske Samlaget">Det Norske Samlaget</a>. Isbn 82-521-3493-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-15"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_15-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_15-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_15-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Hammond, C. R <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">The Elements</a> in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0849304865" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-0486-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/periodic/faq/why-is-mercury-liquid.shtml">«Why is mercury a liquid at STP?»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 7. juli 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Why+is+mercury+a+liquid+at+STP%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Fperiodic%2Ffaq%2Fwhy-is-mercury-liquid.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GenChem_Textbook-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GenChem_Textbook_17-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113608/http://chemed.chem.wisc.edu/chempaths/GenChem-Textbook/Macroscopic-Properties-and-Microscopic-Models.html">«Macroscopic Properties and Microscopic Models»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemed.chem.wisc.edu/chempaths/GenChem-Textbook/Macroscopic-Properties-and-Microscopic-Models.html">originalen</a> 20. juli 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=Macroscopic+Properties+and+Microscopic+Models&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemed.chem.wisc.edu%2Fchempaths%2FGenChem-Textbook%2FMacroscopic-Properties-and-Microscopic-Models.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patnaik-18"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-patnaik_18-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patnaik_18-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&pg=PA576"><i>Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. s. 560–576. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0070494398" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0070494398">0070494398</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. juni 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.aufirst=Pradyot&rft.aulast=Patnaik&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Inorganic+Chemical+Compounds&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0070494398&rft.pages=560-576&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DXqj-TTzkvTEC%26pg%3DPA576&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-electrode-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-electrode_19-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Banus, Mg (1941). «A design for a saturated calomel electrode». <i>Science</i>. 93 (2425): 601–602. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17795970">17795970</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.93.2425.601-a">10.1126/science.93.2425.601-a</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=A+design+for+a+saturated+calomel+electrode&rft.au=Banus%2C+Mg&rft.date=1941&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2425&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=601-602&rft.volume=93&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.93.2425.601-a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17795970&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rogalski, A (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=4b3WLgomvd0C&pg=PA507"><i>Infrared detectors</i></a>. CRC Press. s. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9056992031" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9056992031">9056992031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Rogalski%2C+A&rft.btitle=Infrared+detectors&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9056992031&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D4b3WLgomvd0C%26pg%3DPA507&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-henderson-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-henderson_21-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Henderson, W. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maingroupchemist00hend_891"><i>Main group chemistry</i></a>. Great Britain: Royal Society of Chemistry. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maingroupchemist00hend_891/page/n171">162</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0854046178" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0854046178">0854046178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Henderson%2C+W.&rft.btitle=Main+group+chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0854046178&rft.pages=162&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaingroupchemist00hend_891&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">I. David Brown; Ronald J. Gillespie; Keith R. Morgan; Zin Tun; P. K. Ummat (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic00194a020">«Preparation and crystal structure of mercury hexafluoroniobate (Hg3NbF6) and mercury hexafluorotantalate (Hg3TaF6): mercury layer compounds»</a>. <i>ACS Inorganic Chemistry</i>. 23 (26): 4506–4508. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fic00194a020">10.1021/ic00194a020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+crystal+structure+of+mercury+hexafluoroniobate+%28Hg3NbF6%29+and+mercury+hexafluorotantalate+%28Hg3TaF6%29%3A+mercury+layer+compounds&rft.au=I.+David+Brown&rft.au=Keith+R.+Morgan&rft.au=P.+K.+Ummat&rft.au=Ronald+J.+Gillespie&rft.au=Zin+Tun&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=26&rft.jtitle=ACS+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=4506-4508&rft.volume=23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1021%2Fic00194a020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic00194a020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WangX-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WangX_23-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wang, X; Andrews, L; Riedel, S; Kaupp, M (2007). «Mercury Is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF4». <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Weinheim: Wiley. 46 (44): 83718371–5. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17899620">17899620</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200703710">10.1002/anie.200703710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=Mercury+Is+a+Transition+Metal%3A+The+First+Experimental+Evidence+for+HgF4&rft.au=Andrews%2C+L&rft.au=Kaupp%2C+M&rft.au=Riedel%2C+S&rft.au=Wang%2C+X&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=44&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.pages=83718371-5&rft.volume=46&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200703710&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17899620&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-methylHg-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-methylHg_24-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">National Research Council (U.S.) – Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=BPvWJbBMd7wC"><i>Toxicological effects of methylmercury</i></a>. National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780309071406" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9780309071406">9780309071406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29+%E2%80%93+Board+on+Environmental+Studies+and+Toxicology&rft.btitle=Toxicological+effects+of+methylmercury&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780309071406&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DBPvWJbBMd7wC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CorrAl-25"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-CorrAl_25-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CorrAl_25-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CorrAl_25-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vargel, C.; Jacques, M.; Schmidt, M. P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PA158"><i>Corrosion of Aluminium</i></a>. Elsevier. s. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780080444956" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/9780080444956">9780080444956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Vargel%2C+C.%3B+Jacques%2C+M.%3B+Schmidt%2C+M.+P.&rft.btitle=Corrosion+of+Aluminium&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780080444956&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DNAABS5KrVDYC%26pg%3DPA158&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray_26-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gray, T. (22. september 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-09/amazing-rusting-aluminum">«The Amazing Rusting Aluminum»</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Science (ikke skrevet ennå)">Popular Science</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 7. juli 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Gray%2C+T.&rft.btitle=The+Amazing+Rusting+Aluminum&rft.date=2004-09-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Popular+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popsci.com%2Fscitech%2Farticle%2F2004-09%2Famazing-rusting-aluminum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Hg_iso.htm">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Isotoptabell for kvikksølv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509163252/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Hg_iso.htm">Arkivert</a> 9. mai 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mercury/mcs-2008-mercu.pdf">US Geological Survey – Mineral Commodity Summaries 2008 (pdf)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KjPlVe_1-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KjPlVe_1_29-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite id="KjPlVe_1" class="citation book"><i>Kjemisk plantevern</i> (på norsk) (1 utg.). <a href="/wiki/%C3%85s" title="Ås">Ås</a>: Landbruksforlaget. 1989. s. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-529-1362-8" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-529-1362-8">82-529-1362-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Kjemisk+plantevern&rft.date=1989&rft.edition=1&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-529-1362-8&rft.pages=76&rft.place=%C3%85s&rft.pub=Landbruksforlaget.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hillary Mayell (17. juli 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/07/0717_lincoln.html">«Did Mercury in "Little Blue Pills" Make Abraham Lincoln Erratic?»</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=Did+Mercury+in+%22Little+Blue+Pills%22+Make+Abraham+Lincoln+Erratic%3F&rft.au=Hillary+Mayell&rft.date=2001-07-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2001%2F07%2F0717_lincoln.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccine/thimerosal.htm">«Thimerosal in Vaccines»</a>. United States Food and Drug Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. mai 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Thimerosal+in+Vaccines&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fcber%2Fvaccine%2Fthimerosal.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zwillich, Todd (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/content/article/87/99457.htm">«Experts Reject Vaccine-Autism Link»</a>. WebMD Medical News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.au=Zwillich%2C+Todd&rft.btitle=Experts+Reject+Vaccine-Autism+Link&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WebMD+Medical+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F87%2F99457.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1435488.stm">«World's most precise clock developed»</a>. BBC. 7. juli 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 7. juli 2001</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=World%27s+most+precise+clock+developed&rft.date=2001-07-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F1435488.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/update/upd010723.htm#Time">«New Atomic Clock Could Be 1,000 Times Better Than Today’s Best»</a>. <i>NIST update</i>. 23. juli 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=New+Atomic+Clock+Could+Be+1%2C000+Times+Better+Than+Today%E2%80%99s+Best&rft.date=2001-07-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST+update&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpublic_affairs%2Fupdate%2Fupd010723.htm%23Time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niva.no/SYMFONI/infoportal/PUBLIKASJON.NSF/URLInter/4CD27D1C50BF6037C1257155003991D6?openDocument">Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA) - Artikkel: «NIVAs arbeid med ubåten U864»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060930152735/http://www.niva.no/SYMFONI/infoportal/PUBLIKASJON.NSF/URLInter/4CD27D1C50BF6037C1257155003991D6?openDocument">Arkivert</a> 30. september 2006 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708173535/http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/new/findingaids/epidemiologic/oakridge1/intro.html">«Introduction»</a>. <i>Y-12 Mercury Task Force Files: A Guide to Record Series of the Department of Energy and its Contractors</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Energy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Department of Energy</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/new/findingaids/epidemiologic/oakridge1/intro.html">originalen</a> 8. juli 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Y-12+Mercury+Task+Force+Files%3A+A+Guide+to+Record+Series+of+the+Department+of+Energy+and+its+Contractors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hss.energy.gov%2Fhealthsafety%2Fohre%2Fnew%2Ffindingaids%2Fepidemiologic%2Foakridge1%2Fintro.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">McFarland, RB and H. Reigel. <i>J Occup Med</i>. 1978 Aug;20(8):532-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">WHO (1976) Environmental Health Criteria 1: Mercury, Geneva, World Health Organization, 131 pp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">WHO. Inorganic mercury. Environmental Health Criteria 118. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miljostatus.no/templates/PageWithRightListing____2867.aspx">Miljøstatus i Norge – Kvikksølv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011191306/http://www.miljostatus.no/templates/PageWithRightListing____2867.aspx">Arkivert</a> 11. oktober 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630045554/http://www.epa.gov/air/mercuryrule/">«Clean Air Mercury Rule»</a>. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/air/mercuryrule/">originalen</a> 30. juni 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. mai 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKvikks%C3%B8lv&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Mercury+Rule&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28EPA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fair%2Fmercuryrule%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvikks%C3%B8lv&action=edit&section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span 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href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" 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