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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概要" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概要"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概要</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概要-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-照片" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#照片"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>照片</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-照片-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">加加林启航处</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。15种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="منصة جاجارين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منصة جاجارين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plataforma_Gagarin" title="Plataforma Gagarin – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plataforma Gagarin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startovac%C3%AD_komplex_%C4%8D._1_kosmodromu_Bajkonur" title="Startovací komplex č. 1 kosmodromu Bajkonur – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Startovací komplex č. 1 kosmodromu Bajkonur" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagarin%27s_Start" title="Gagarin's Start – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gagarin's Start" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plataforma_Gagarin" title="Plataforma Gagarin – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plataforma Gagarin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرتابگاه گاگارین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرتابگاه گاگارین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aire_de_lancement_Gagarine" title="Aire de lancement Gagarine – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aire de lancement Gagarine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD" title="गगारिन का आरंभ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गगारिन का आरंभ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E7%99%BA%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" title="ガガーリン発射台 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガガーリン発射台" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="გაგარინის სტარტი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაგარინის სტარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗഗാറിൻസ് സ്റ്റാർട്ട് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗഗാറിൻസ് സ്റ്റാർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompleks_startowy_nr_1_kosmodromu_Bajkonur" title="Kompleks startowy nr 1 kosmodromu Bajkonur – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kompleks startowy nr 1 kosmodromu Bajkonur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plataforma_Gagarin" title="Plataforma Gagarin – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plataforma Gagarin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Гагаринский старт – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гагаринский старт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Гагарінський старт – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гагарінський старт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2580456#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&oldid=81835902" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&id=81835902&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%258A%25A0%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%2590%25AF%25E8%2588%25AA%25E5%25A4%2584"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%258A%25A0%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%2590%25AF%25E8%2588%25AA%25E5%25A4%2584"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_1" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2580456" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&params=45_55_13_N_63_20_32_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">45°55′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">63°20′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">45.92028°N 63.34222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.92028; 63.34222</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">加加林启航处</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg/200px-Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg/300px-Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg/400px-Soyuz_TMA-3_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FTMA-3" title="联盟TMA-3">联盟TMA-3</a>正在从加加林起航点发射升空</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">名称</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%A7%91%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA" title="拜科努尔航天发射场">拜科努尔航天发射场</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">地点</th><td class="infobox-data label" style=""><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&params=45.920278_N_63.342222_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">45°55′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">63°20′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">45.920278°N 63.342222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.920278; 63.342222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">简称</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="">LC-1/5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">所属</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="苏联太空计划">苏联太空计划</a> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/23px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/35px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/46px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="325" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯航天集团">俄罗斯航天集团</a> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%9B" title="俄罗斯空天军">俄罗斯空天军</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><span class="nowrap">总发射数</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">服役中</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发射台数</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><span class="nowrap">最小/最大</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%80%BE%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="轨道倾角">轨道倾角</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">49° – 99°</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""></td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>发射历史</b></td> </tr><tr> <td><b>状态</b></td> <td>服役中</td> </tr><tr> <td><b>发射次数</b></td> <td>520</td> </tr><tr> <td><b>相关火箭</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R-7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="R-7火箭家族">R-7火箭家族</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="東方號運載火箭">东方号运载火箭</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%87%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="上升号运载火箭">上升号运载火箭</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="闪电运载火箭">闪电运载火箭</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="联盟号运载火箭">联盟号运载火箭</a>（使用中）</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>加加林启航处</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（俄语：<span lang="ru">Гагаринский старт</span>, <i>Gagarinskiy start</i>），又名<b>拜科努尔一号发射阵地</b>或<b>阵地1/5，</b>是一座属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>境内<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%A7%91%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA" title="拜科努尔航天发射场">拜科努尔航天发射场</a>的火箭发射工位，曾用于执行<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="苏联太空计划">苏联太空计划</a>的火箭发射任务，现归<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯航太">俄罗斯国家航天集团</a>管辖。 </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概要"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>这里是1961年时，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林">尤里·加加林</a>乘坐<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%80%E8%99%9F" title="東方一號">东方一号</a>宇宙飞船，开始世界首次载人航天任务的发射阵地。这个作为这一类型发射阵地中的首座通常也被称为<b>一号阵地</b>（<span lang="ru">Площадка №1</span>, <i>Ploshchadka No.1</i>），另外也有<b>NIIP-5 LC1</b>，<b>拜科努尔LC1</b>，<b>LC-1/5</b>，<b>LC-1</b>，<b>GIK-5 LC1</b>等名字。 </p><p>1954年3月17日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="苏联部长会议">苏联部长会议</a>命令数个部门于1955年1月1日之前完成<a href="/wiki/R-7%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9" title="R-7弹道导弹">R-7火箭</a>试验场的选址工作。一个特设侦查局在考虑数个地区之后选定了<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国">哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图拉坦地区（页面不存在）">图拉坦地区</a>。选址在1955年12月25日被批准，并预计于1958年完成建设工作。<sup id="cite_ref-RSWB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSWB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一号发射阵地的建设工作由军方工程部队于1955年7月20日开始。有超过60辆大型车辆为工委的建设夜以继日地工作；每天大约有15000立方米的土方被挖掘、清理，工程的总土方量达到了75万立方米。进入冬季，炸药也被大量使用。1956年10月末，所有为R-7火箭试验所计划的主要建筑和基础设施全部安装到位，被命名为“二号阵地”总装与测试车间（<span lang="ru">Монтажно-испытательный корпус</span>, <i>Montazhno-ispytatel'nyj korpus</i>）完成建设，外加一条连接一号阵地和二号阵地的特别铁道也完成了选址工作。<sup id="cite_ref-NKA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NKA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>截止至1957年4月，所有剩余工作完成，发射场完成了发射准备。 </p><p>1957年5月15日，R-7导弹从一号阵地进行了首射试验。1957年10月4日，世界首颗人造卫星<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B1%E8%99%9F" title="史普尼克1號">斯普特尼克1号</a>在此发射升空。众多的载人航天任务，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林">尤里·加加林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B2%E4%BA%AC%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%83" title="瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃">瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃</a>的飞行，所有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>时期的向<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="和平号空间站">和平号空间站</a>的载人飞行任务也均在此处开展。另外，一号阵地也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%8F%B7%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="月球号系列探测器">月球计划</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="火星计划">火星计划</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="金星計劃">金星计划</a>和许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8F%B7%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="宇宙号人造卫星">宇宙号系列卫星</a>的发射场。从1957年到1966年间，除了航天发射任务之外，一号阵地也部署了搭载战略核武器的洲际弹道导弹。<sup id="cite_ref-RSW_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSW-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>截止到2000年，共有超过400次航天发射任务在此处执行。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一号阵地进行的第500次发射任务是2015年9月2日发射的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FTMA-18M" title="联盟TMA-18M">联盟TMA-18M</a>飞船。 </p><p>1961年，苏联太空计划中与日俱增的航天发射任务使得拜科努尔增加了新的发射平台——LC31/6。一号阵地被作为载人发射的主要设施，而LC31/6则负责了一些联盟号任务。一号阵地在早年间也因一些助推器爆炸事故而受损。 </p><p>截止到2016年，在阵地范围内发生的最近事故是在1983年9月，试图发射<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FT-10-1" title="联盟T-10-1">联盟T-10-1</a>任务时，在发射准备过程中发生的助推器起火爆炸事故，导致了一号阵地的受损并在近一年的时间之内无法使用。 </p><p>2019年，在为<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F2%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="联盟2号运载火箭">联盟2号运载火箭</a>所计划的2023首航而进行的现代化升级之前，加加林启航处于7月和9月各执行了最后两次载人飞行发射任务。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>与此同时，新的载人任务将由<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F2%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="联盟2号运载火箭">联盟2号运载火箭</a>于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%A7%91%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA31%E5%8F%B7%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="拜科努尔航天发射场31号发射台">31号发射台</a>执行。31号工位自2012年以来执行的首次载人航天发射任务是2020年4月6日的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FMS-16" title="联盟MS-16">联盟MS-16任务</a>。 </p><p>最后一次从加加林启航处执行的任务是于2019年9月25日飞往<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="国际空间站">国际空间站</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FMS-15" title="联盟MS-15">联盟MS-15任务</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="照片"><span id=".E7.85.A7.E7.89.87"></span>照片</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：照片"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="联盟TMA-16任务于2009年9月30日从加加林启航处发射升空，飞往国际空间站。"><img alt="联盟TMA-16任务于2009年9月30日从加加林启航处发射升空，飞往国际空间站。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg/160px-Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg/239px-Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg/319px-Soyuz_TMA-16_Lifts_Off.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FTMA-16" title="联盟TMA-16">联盟TMA-16</a>任务于2009年9月30日从加加林启航处发射升空，飞往国际空间站。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="联盟TMA-13任务在转场之前的日出，2008年10月10日。"><img alt="联盟TMA-13任务在转场之前的日出，2008年10月10日。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg/181px-Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg/271px-Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg/361px-Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Soyuz_launch_pad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9FTMA-13" title="联盟TMA-13">联盟TMA-13</a>任务在转场之前的日出，2008年10月10日。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="进步M-13M任务发射升空，2011年10月30日。"><img alt="进步M-13M任务发射升空，2011年10月30日。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg/90px-Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg/134px-Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg/179px-Progress_M-13M_rocket_launches_from_Gagarin%27s_Start.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">进步M-13M任务发射升空，2011年10月30日。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="加加林启航处的泄火道"><img alt="加加林启航处的泄火道" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg/183px-Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg/275px-Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg/367px-Soyuz_expedition_19_launch_pad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">加加林启航处的泄火道</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_(Satellite_picture).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一发联盟号运载火箭在加加林启航处的卫星图片，2018年"><img alt="一发联盟号运载火箭在加加林启航处的卫星图片，2018年" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_%28Satellite_picture%29.jpg/174px-Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_%28Satellite_picture%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_%28Satellite_picture%29.jpg/260px-Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_%28Satellite_picture%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_%28Satellite_picture%29.jpg/347px-Baikonur_Cosmodrome_-_Baikonur-Kosmodrom_%28Satellite_picture%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="886" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">一发联盟号运载火箭在加加林启航处的卫星图片，2018年</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%A7%91%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA31%E5%8F%B7%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="拜科努尔航天发射场31号发射台">拜科努尔航天发射场31号发射台</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%A7%92%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B014%E5%8F%B7%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" title="卡纳维拉尔角空军基地14号发射台">卡纳维拉尔角空军基地14号发射台</a>，在美国具有同等地位的载人飞行首航地。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"As Suffredini spoke, a Soyuz TMA-5 spacecraft was being hoisted onto Russia's Baikonur launch pad, named "Gagarin's Start" after the first man in space. ", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/13/content_381791.htm">http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/13/content_381791.htm</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201202012615/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/13/content_381791.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） , <a href="/wiki/China_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="China Daily">China Daily</a>, 2004-10-13 on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz TMA-5（页面不存在）">Soyuz TMA-5</a> launch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSWB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSWB_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_origin.html">Origin of the test range in Tyuratam</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151123203845/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_origin.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at Russianspaceweb.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NKA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NKA_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/237/36.shtml">Creation and Launch of the First Earth's Satellite</a> by V.Poroshkov <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029143025/http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/237/36.shtml">存檔</a>，存档日期29 October 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSW-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSW_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baiurlc1.htm">Baikonur LC1</a><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160730/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baiurlc1.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期15 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007101921/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_r7_1.html">Gagarin's pad</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_r7_1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-10-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&rft.btitle=Gagarin%27s+pad&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fbaikonur_r7_1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805234000/https://ria.ru/20190808/1557281344.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20190808/1557281344.html">原始内容</a>存档于2020-08-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20190808%2F1557281344.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. K. Golovanov, M., "Korolev: Facts and myths", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka (publisher)（页面不存在）">Nauka</a>, 1994, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-02-000822-2" title="Special:网络书源/5-02-000822-2">5-02-000822-2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-1/01.html">"Rockets and people"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170710163357/http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-1/01.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Chertok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Chertok（页面不存在）">B. E. Chertok</a>, M: "mechanical engineering", 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-217-02942-0" title="Special:网络书源/5-217-02942-0">5-217-02942-0</a></li> <li>«A breakthrough in space» - Konstantin Vasilyevich Gerchik, M: LLC "Veles", 1994, - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-87955-001-X" title="Special:网络书源/5-87955-001-X">5-87955-001-X</a></li> <li>"Testing of rocket and space technology - the business of my life" Events and facts - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkady_Ostashev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkady Ostashev（页面不存在）">A.I. Ostashev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korolyov,_Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korolyov, Moscow Oblast（页面不存在）">Korolyov</a>, 2001.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://cosmosravelin.narod.ru/r-space/bibliografia.html">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150121124105/http://cosmosravelin.narod.ru/r-space/bibliografia.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>"Baikonur. Korolev. Yangel." - M. I. Kuznetsk, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voronezh（页面不存在）">Voronezh</a>: IPF "Voronezh", 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-89981-117-X" title="Special:网络书源/5-89981-117-X">5-89981-117-X</a></li> <li>"Look back and look ahead. Notes of a military engineer" - Rjazhsky A. A., 2004, SC. first, the publishing house of the "Heroes of the Fatherland" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-91017-018-X" title="Special:网络书源/5-91017-018-X">5-91017-018-X</a></li> <li>"Rocket and space feat Baikonur" - Vladimir Порошков, the "Patriot" publishers 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-7030-0969-3" title="Special:网络书源/5-7030-0969-3">5-7030-0969-3</a></li> <li>"Unknown Baikonur" - edited by B. I. Posysaeva, M.: "globe", 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-8155-0051-8" title="Special:网络书源/5-8155-0051-8">5-8155-0051-8</a></li> <li>"Bank of the Universe" - edited by Boltenko A. C., <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, 2014., publishing house "Phoenix", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-966-136-169-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-966-136-169-9">978-966-136-169-9</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0%E6%9E%97%E5%90%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%84&params=45_55_13_N_63_20_32_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">45°55′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">63°20′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span 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