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temperature–depth recorders</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: temperature–depth recorders"> <meta name="keywords" content="temperature–depth recorders"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="temperature–depth recorders"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10075</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: temperature–depth recorders</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10075</span> Diving Behaviour of White-Chinned Petrels and Its Relevance for Mitigating Longline Bycatch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Rollinson">D. P. Rollinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20J.%20Dilley"> B. J. Dilley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20G.%20Ryan"> P. G. Ryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) is the seabird species most commonly killed by Southern Hemisphere longline fisheries. Despite the importance of diving ability for mitigating longline bycatch, little is known of this species’ diving behaviour. We obtained data from temperature–depth recorders from nine white-chinned petrels breeding on Marion Island, southwestern Indian Ocean, during the late incubation and chickrearing period. Maximum dive depth (16 m) was slightly deeper than the previous estimate (13 m), but varied considerably among individuals (range 2–16 m). Males dived deeper than females, and birds feeding chicks dived deeper than incubating birds, but dive rate did not differ between the sexes. Time of day had no significant effect on dive depth or rate. Our findings will help to improve the design and performance of mitigation measures aimed at reducing seabird bycatch in longline fisheries, such as the calculation of minimum line sink rates and optimum aerial coverage of bird-scaring lines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dive%20depth" title="dive depth">dive depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dive%20duration" title=" dive duration"> dive duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%E2%80%93depth%20recorders" title=" temperature–depth recorders"> temperature–depth recorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seabirds" title=" seabirds"> seabirds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bird-scaring%20lines" title=" bird-scaring lines"> bird-scaring lines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15502/diving-behaviour-of-white-chinned-petrels-and-its-relevance-for-mitigating-longline-bycatch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10074</span> Temperature Profile Modelling in Flexible Pavement Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Csaba%20T%C3%B3th">Csaba Tóth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89va%20Lakatos"> Éva Lakatos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Peth%C5%91"> László Pethő</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seoyoung%20Cho"> Seoyoung Cho </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The temperature effect on asphalt pavement structure is a crucial factor at the design stage. In this paper, by applying the German guidelines for temperature along the asphalt depth is estimated. The aim is to consider temperature profiles in different seasons in numerical modelling. The model is built with an elastic and isotropic solid element with 19 subdivisions of asphalt layers to reflect the temperature variation. Comparison with the simple three-layer pavement system (asphalt layers, base, and subgrade layers) will be followed to see the difference in result without temperature variation along with the depth. Finally, the fatigue life calculation was checked to prove the validity of the methodology of considering the temperature in the numerical modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20profile" title="temperature profile">temperature profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20pavement%20modeling" title=" flexible pavement modeling"> flexible pavement modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20modeling" title=" temperature modeling"> temperature modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123609/temperature-profile-modelling-in-flexible-pavement-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10073</span> Comparison of Mean Monthly Soil Temperature at (5 and 30 cm) Depths at Compton Experimental Site, West Midlands (UK), between 1976-2008</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20Mansur">Aminu Mansur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comparison of soil temperature at (5 and 30 cm) depths at a research site over the period (1976-2008) was analyzed. Based on the statistical analysis of the database of (12,045) days of individual soil temperature measurements in sandy-loam of the (salwick series) soils, the mean soil temperature revealed a statistically significant increase of about -1.1 to 10.9°C at 5 cm depth in 1976 compared to 2008. Similarly, soil temperature at 30 cm depth increased by -0.1 to 2.1°C in 2008 compared to 1976. Although, rapid increase in soil temperature at all depths was observed during that period, but a thorough assessment of these conditions suggested that the soil temperature at 5 cm depth are progressively increasing over time. A typical example of those increases in soil temperature was provided for agriculture where Miscanthus (elephant) plant that grows within the study area is adversely affected by the mean soil temperature increase. The study concluded that these observations contribute to the growing mass of evidence of global warming and knowledge on secular trends. Therefore, there was statistically significant increase in soil temperature at Compton Experimental Site between 1976-2008. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20temperature" title="soil temperature">soil temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warming%20trend" title=" warming trend"> warming trend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20science" title=" environment science"> environment science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20and%20atmospheric%20sciences" title=" climate and atmospheric sciences"> climate and atmospheric sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26304/comparison-of-mean-monthly-soil-temperature-at-5-and-30-cm-depths-at-compton-experimental-site-west-midlands-uk-between-1976-2008" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10072</span> Exposure to Radio Frequency Waves of Mobile Phone and Temperature Changes of Brain Tissue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Forouharmajd">Farhad Forouharmajd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Ebrahimi"> Hossein Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Pourabdian"> Siamak Pourabdian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Prevalent use of cell phones (mobile phones) has led to increasing worries about the effect of radiofrequency waves on the physiology of human body. This study was done to determine different reactions of the temperatures in different depths of brain tissue in confronting with radiofrequency waves of cell phones. Methodology: This study was an empirical research. A cow's brain tissue was placed in a compartment and the effects of radiofrequency waves of the cell phone was analyzed during confrontation and after confrontation, in three different depths of 2, 12, and 22 mm of the tissue, in 4 mm and 4 cm distances of the tissue to a cell phone, for 15 min. Lutron thermometer was used to measure the tissue temperatures. Data analysis was done by Lutron software. Findings: The rate of increasing the temperature at the depth of 22 mm was higher than 2 mm and 12mm depths, during confrontation of the brain tissue at the distance of 4 mm with the cell phone, such that the tissue temperatures at 2, 12, and 22 mm depths increased by 0.29 ˚C, 0.31 ˚C, and 0.37 ˚C, respectively, relative to the base temperature (tissue temperature before confrontation). Moreover, the temperature of brain tissue at the distance of 4 cm by increasing the tissue depth was more than other depths. Increasing the tissue temperature also existed by increasing the brain tissue depth after the confrontation with the cell phone. The temperature of the 22 mm depth increased with higher speed at the time confrontation. Conclusion: Not only radiofrequency waves of cell phones increased the tissue temperature in all the depths of the brain tissue, but also the temperature due to radiofrequency waves of the cell phone was more at the depths higher than 22 mm of the tissue. In fact, the thermal effect of radiofrequency waves was higher in higher depths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20phone" title="mobile phone">mobile phone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency%20waves" title=" radio frequency waves"> radio frequency waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20tissue" title=" brain tissue"> brain tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98613/exposure-to-radio-frequency-waves-of-mobile-phone-and-temperature-changes-of-brain-tissue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10071</span> Unsupervised Learning and Similarity Comparison of Water Mass Characteristics with Gaussian Mixture Model for Visualizing Ocean Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Heng%20Wu">Jian-Heng Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bor-Shen%20Lin"> Bor-Shen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The temperature-salinity relationship is one of the most important characteristics used for identifying water masses in marine research. Temperature-salinity characteristics, however, may change dynamically with respect to the geographic location and is quite sensitive to the depth at the same location. When depth is taken into consideration, however, it is not easy to compare the characteristics of different water masses efficiently for a wide range of areas of the ocean. In this paper, the Gaussian mixture model was proposed to analyze the temperature-salinity-depth characteristics of water masses, based on which comparison between water masses may be conducted. Gaussian mixture model could model the distribution of a random vector and is formulated as the weighting sum for a set of multivariate normal distributions. The temperature-salinity-depth data for different locations are first used to train a set of Gaussian mixture models individually. The distance between two Gaussian mixture models can then be defined as the weighting sum of pairwise Bhattacharyya distances among the Gaussian distributions. Consequently, the distance between two water masses may be measured fast, which allows the automatic and efficient comparison of the water masses for a wide range area. The proposed approach not only can approximate the distribution of temperature, salinity, and depth directly without the prior knowledge for assuming the regression family, but may restrict the complexity by controlling the number of mixtures when the amounts of samples are unevenly distributed. In addition, it is critical for knowledge discovery in marine research to represent, manage and share the temperature-salinity-depth characteristics flexibly and responsively. The proposed approach has been applied to a real-time visualization system of ocean data, which may facilitate the comparison of water masses by aggregating the data without degrading the discriminating capabilities. This system provides an interface for querying geographic locations with similar temperature-salinity-depth characteristics interactively and for tracking specific patterns of water masses, such as the Kuroshio near Taiwan or those in the South China Sea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20mass" title="water mass">water mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20mixture%20model" title=" Gaussian mixture model"> Gaussian mixture model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20visualization" title=" data visualization"> data visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20framework" title=" system framework"> system framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137593/unsupervised-learning-and-similarity-comparison-of-water-mass-characteristics-with-gaussian-mixture-model-for-visualizing-ocean-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10070</span> Simulation Analysis and Control of the Temperature Field in an Induction Furnace Based on Various Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohaibullah%20Zarghoon">Sohaibullah Zarghoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Yousaf"> Syed Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyril%20Belavy"> Cyril Belavy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20Duris"> Stanislav Duris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Emebu"> Samuel Emebu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Matusu"> Radek Matusu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Induction heating is extensively employed in industrial furnaces due to its swift response and high energy efficiency. Designing and optimising these furnaces necessitates the use of computer-aided simulations. This study aims to develop an accurate temperature field model for a rectangular steel billet in an induction furnace by leveraging various parameters in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation analysis incorporated temperature dynamics, considering skin depth, temperature-dependent, and constant parameters of the steel billet. The resulting data-driven model was transformed into a state-space model using MATLAB's System Identification Toolbox for the purpose of designing a linear quadratic regulator (LQR). This controller was successfully implemented to regulate the core temperature of the billet from 1000°C to 1200°C, utilizing the distributed parameter system circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title="induction heating">induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LQR%20controller" title=" LQR controller"> LQR controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20depth" title=" skin depth"> skin depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field" title=" temperature field"> temperature field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188683/simulation-analysis-and-control-of-the-temperature-field-in-an-induction-furnace-based-on-various-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10069</span> Laser Welding of Titanium Alloy Ti64 to Polyamide 6.6: Effects of Welding Parameters on Temperature Profile Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Sayyad">A. Al-Sayyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Lama"> P. Lama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bardon"> J. Bardon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Hirchenhahn"> P. Hirchenhahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Houssiau"> L. Houssiau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Plapper"> P. Plapper</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composite metal–polymer materials, in particular titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) to polyamide (PA6.6), fabricated by laser joining, have gained cogent interest among industries and researchers concerned with aerospace and biomedical applications. This work adopts infrared (IR) thermography technique to investigate effects of laser parameters used in the welding process on the three-dimensional temperature profile at the rear-side of titanium, at the region to be welded with polyamide. Cross sectional analysis of welded joints showed correlations between the morphology of titanium and polyamide at the weld zone with the corresponding temperature profile. In particular, spatial temperature profile was found to be correlated with the laser beam energy density, titanium molten pool width and depth, and polyamide heat affected zone depth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20welding" title="laser welding">laser welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals%20to%20polymers%20joining" title=" metals to polymers joining"> metals to polymers joining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20monitoring" title=" process monitoring"> process monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20profile" title=" temperature profile"> temperature profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermography" title=" thermography"> thermography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114332/laser-welding-of-titanium-alloy-ti64-to-polyamide-66-effects-of-welding-parameters-on-temperature-profile-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10068</span> Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructural Evolution of Nanoindented Cu/Si Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woei-Shyan%20Lee">Woei-Shyan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Liang%20Chuang"> Yu-Liang Chuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nano-mechanical properties of as-deposited Cu/Si thin films indented to a depth of 2000 nm are investigated using a nanoindentation technique. The nanoindented specimens are annealed at a temperature of either 160 °C or 210°C, respectively. The microstructures of the as-deposited and annealed samples are then examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that both the loading and the unloading regions of the load-displacement curve are smooth and continuous, which suggests that no debonding or cracking occurs during nanoindentation. In addition, the hardness and Young’s modulus of the Cu/Si thin films are found to vary with the nanoindentation depth, and have maximum values of 2.8 GPa and 143 GPa, respectively, at the maximum indentation depth of 2000 nm. The TEM observations show that the region of the Cu/Si film beneath the indenter undergoes a phase transformation during the indentation process. In the case of the as-deposited specimens, the indentation pressure induces a completely amorphous phase within the indentation zone. For the specimens annealed at a temperature of 160°C, the amorphous nature of the microstructure within the indented zone is maintained. However, for the specimens annealed at a higher temperature of 210°C, the indentation affected zone consists of a mixture of amorphous phase and nanocrystalline phase. Copper silicide (η-Cu3Si) precipitates are observed in all of the annealed specimens. The density of the η-Cu3Si precipitates is found to increase with an increasing annealing temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoindentation" title="nanoindentation">nanoindentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%2FSi%20thin%20films" title=" Cu/Si thin films"> Cu/Si thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructural%20evolution" title=" microstructural evolution"> microstructural evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annealing%20temperature" title=" annealing temperature"> annealing temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46615/effect-of-annealing-temperature-on-microstructural-evolution-of-nanoindented-cusi-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10067</span> Optimal Geothermal Borehole Design Guided By Dynamic Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongshan%20Guo">Hongshan Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground-source heat pumps provide stable and reliable heating and cooling when designed properly. The confounding effect of the borehole depth for a GSHP system, however, is rarely taken into account for any optimization: the determination of the borehole depth usually comes prior to the selection of corresponding system components and thereafter any optimization of the GSHP system. The depth of the borehole is important to any GSHP system because the shallower the borehole, the larger the fluctuation of temperature of the near-borehole soil temperature. This could lead to fluctuations of the coefficient of performance (COP) for the GSHP system in the long term when the heating/cooling demand is large. Yet the deeper the boreholes are drilled, the more the drilling cost and the operational expenses for the circulation. A controller that reads different building load profiles, optimizing for the smallest costs and temperature fluctuation at the borehole wall, eventually providing borehole depth as the output is developed. Due to the nature of the nonlinear dynamic nature of the GSHP system, it was found that between conventional optimal controller problem and model predictive control problem, the latter was found to be more feasible due to a possible history of both the trajectory during the iteration as well as the final output could be computed and compared against. Aside from a few scenarios of different weighting factors, the resulting system costs were verified with literature and reports and were found to be relatively accurate, while the temperature fluctuation at the borehole wall was also found to be within acceptable range. It was therefore determined that the MPC is adequate to optimize for the investment as well as the system performance for various outputs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20borehole" title="geothermal borehole">geothermal borehole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPC" title=" MPC"> MPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modeling" title=" dynamic modeling"> dynamic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37120/optimal-geothermal-borehole-design-guided-by-dynamic-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10066</span> Influence of Bed Depth on Performance of Wire Screen Packed Bed Solar Air Heater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vimal%20Kumar%20Chouksey">Vimal Kumar Chouksey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Sharma"> S. P. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with theoretical analysis of performance of solar air collector having its duct packed with blackened wire screen matrices. The heat transfer equations for two-dimensional fully developed fluid flows under quasi-steady-state conditions have been developed in order to analyze the effect of bed depth on performance. A computer programme is developed in C++ language to estimate the temperature rise of entering air for evaluation of performance by solving the governing equations numerically using relevant correlations for heat transfer coefficient for packed bed systems. Results of air temperature rise and thermal efficiency obtained from the analysis have been compared with available experimental results and results have been found fairly in closed agreement. It has been found that there is considerable enhancement in performance with packed bed collector upto a certain total bed depth. Effect of total bed depth on efficiency show that there is an upper limiting value of total bed depth beyond which the thermal efficiency begins to fall again and this type of characteristics behavior is observed at all mass flow rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plane%20collector" title="plane collector">plane collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20heater" title=" solar air heater"> solar air heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire%20screen%20packed%20bed" title=" wire screen packed bed"> wire screen packed bed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68952/influence-of-bed-depth-on-performance-of-wire-screen-packed-bed-solar-air-heater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10065</span> In situ High Temperature Characterization of Diamond-Like Carbon Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rouhani">M. Rouhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20C.%20N.%20Hong"> F. C. N. Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20R.%20Jeng"> Y. R. Jeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tribological performance of DLC films is limited by graphitization at elevated temperatures. Despite of numerous studies on the thermal stability of DLC films, a comprehensive in-situ characterization at elevated temperature is still lacking. In this study, DLC films were deposited using filtered cathodic arc vacuum method. Thermal stability of the films was characterized in-situally using a synchronized technique integrating Raman spectroscopy and depth-sensing measurements. Tests were performed in a high temperature chamber coupled with feedback control to make it possible to study the temperature effects in the range of 21 – 450 ̊C. Co-located SPM and Raman microscopy maps at different temperature over a specific area on the surface of the film were prepared. The results show that the thermal stability of the DLC films depends on their sp3 content. Films with lower sp3 content endure graphitization during the temperature-course used in this study. The graphitization is accompanied with significant changes in surface roughness and Raman spectrum of the film. Surface roughness of the films start to change even before graphitization transformation could be detected using Raman spectroscopy. Depth-sensing tests (nanoindentation, nano-scratch and wear) endorse the surface roughness change seen before graphitization occurrence. This in-situ study showed that the surface of the films is more sensitive to temperature rise compared to the bulk. We presume the changes observed in films hardness, surface roughness and scratch resistance with temperature rise, before graphitization occurrence, is due to surface relaxation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLC%20film" title="DLC film">DLC film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoindentation" title=" nanoindentation"> nanoindentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stability" title=" thermal stability"> thermal stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78622/in-situ-high-temperature-characterization-of-diamond-like-carbon-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10064</span> Process Parameter Study on Friction Push Plug Welding of AA6061 Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Li">H. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Qin"> W. Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Ye"> Ben Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Friction Push Plug Welding (FPPW) is a solid phase welding suitable for repairing defective welds and filling self-reacting weld keyholes in Friction Stir Welds. In FPPW process, a tapered shaped plug is rotated at high speed and forced into a tapered hole in the substrate. The plug and substrate metal is softened by the increasing temperature generated by friction and material plastic deformation. This paper aims to investigate the effect of process parameters on the quality of the weld. Orthogonal design methods were employed to reduce the amount of experiment. Three values were selected for each process parameter, rotation speed (1500r/min, 2000r/min, 2500r/min), plunge depth (2mm, 3mm, 4mm) and plunge speed (60mm/min, 90mm/min, 120r/min). AA6061aluminum alloy plug and substrate plate was used in the experiment. In a trial test with the plunge depth of 1mm, a noticeable defect appeared due to the short plunge time and insufficient temperature. From the recorded temperature profiles, it was found that the peak temperature increased with the increase of the rotation speed, plunge speed and plunge depth. In the initial stage, the plunge speed was the main factor affecting heat generation, while in the steady state welding stage, the rotation speed played a more important role. The FPPW weld defect includes flash and incomplete penetration in the upper, middle and bottom interface with the substrate. To obtain defect free weld, the higher rotation speed and proper plunge depth were recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20push%20plug%20welding" title="friction push plug welding">friction push plug welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20parameter" title=" process parameter"> process parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld%20defect" title=" weld defect"> weld defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20design" title=" orthogonal design"> orthogonal design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96583/process-parameter-study-on-friction-push-plug-welding-of-aa6061-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10063</span> Thermal Performance of an Air-Water Heat Exchanger (AWHE) Operating in Groundwater and Hot-Humid Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%C3%A9sar%20Ram%C3%ADrez-Dolores">César Ramírez-Dolores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Wong-Loya"> Jorge Wong-Loya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Andaverde"> Jorge Andaverde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caleb%20Becerra"> Caleb Becerra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-depth geothermal energy can take advantage of the use of the subsoil as an air conditioning technique, being used as a passive system or coupled to an active cooling and/or heating system. This source of air conditioning is possible because at a depth less than 10 meters, the subsoil temperature is practically homogeneous and tends to be constant regardless of the climatic conditions on the surface. The effect of temperature fluctuations on the soil surface decreases as depth increases due to the thermal inertia of the soil, causing temperature stability; this effect presents several advantages in the context of sustainable energy use. In the present work, the thermal behavior of a horizontal Air-Water Heat Exchanger (AWHE) is evaluated, and the thermal effectiveness and temperature of the air at the outlet of the prototype immersed in groundwater is experimentally determined. The thermohydraulic aspects of the heat exchanger were evaluated using the Number of Transfer Units-Efficiency (NTU-ε) method under conditions of groundwater flow in a coastal region of sandy soil (southeastern Mexico) and air flow induced by a blower, the system was constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and sensors were placed in both the exchanger and the water to record temperature changes. The results of this study indicate that when the exchanger operates in groundwater, it shows high thermal gains allowing better heat transfer, therefore, it significantly reduces the air temperature at the outlet of the system, which increases the thermal effectiveness of the system in values > 80%, this passive technique is relevant for building cooling applications and could represent a significant development in terms of thermal comfort for hot locations in emerging economy countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convection" title="convection">convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth" title=" earth"> earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20energy" title=" geothermal energy"> geothermal energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177739/thermal-performance-of-an-air-water-heat-exchanger-awhe-operating-in-groundwater-and-hot-humid-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10062</span> Temperature Susceptibility of Multigrade Bitumen Asphalt and an Approach to Account for Temperature Variation through Deep Pavements </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brody%20R.%20Clark">Brody R. Clark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaminda%20Gallage"> Chaminda Gallage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Yeaman"> John Yeaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multigrade bitumen asphalt is a quality asphalt product that is not utilised in many places globally. Multigrade bitumen is believed to be less sensitive to temperature, which gives it an advantage over conventional binders. Previous testing has shown that asphalt temperature changes greatly with depth, but currently the industry standard is to nominate a single temperature for design. For detailed design of asphalt roads, perhaps asphalt layers should be divided into nominal layer depths and different modulus and fatigue equations/values should be used to reflect the temperatures of each respective layer. A collaboration of previous laboratory testing conducted on multigrade bitumen asphalt beams under a range of temperatures and loading conditions was analysed. The samples tested included 0% or 15% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) to determine what impact the recycled material has on the fatigue life and stiffness of the pavement. This paper investigated the temperature susceptibility of multigrade bitumen asphalt pavements compared to conventional binders by combining previous testing that included conducting a sweep of fatigue tests, developing complex modulus master curves for each mix and a study on how pavement temperature changes through pavement depth. This investigation found that the final design of the pavement is greatly affected by the nominated pavement temperature and respective material properties. This paper has outlined a potential revision to the current design approach for asphalt pavements and proposes that further investigation is needed into pavement temperature and its incorporation into design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt" title="asphalt">asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20modulus" title=" complex modulus"> complex modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life"> fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20stiffness" title=" flexural stiffness"> flexural stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20point%20bending" title=" four point bending"> four point bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multigrade%20bitumen" title=" multigrade bitumen"> multigrade bitumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20asphalt%20pavement" title=" recycled asphalt pavement"> recycled asphalt pavement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84273/temperature-susceptibility-of-multigrade-bitumen-asphalt-and-an-approach-to-account-for-temperature-variation-through-deep-pavements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10061</span> Analysis of Thermal Damping in Si Based Torsional Micromirrors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Resmi">R. Resmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Baiju"> M. R. Baiju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal damping of a dynamic vibrating micromirror is an important factor affecting the design of MEMS based actuator systems. In the development process of new micromirror systems, assessing the extent of energy loss due to thermal damping accurately and predicting the performance of the system is very essential. In this paper, the depth of the thermal penetration layer at different eigenfrequencies and the temperature variation distributions surrounding a vibrating micromirror is analyzed. The thermal penetration depth corresponds to the thermal boundary layer in which energy is lost which is a measure of the thermal damping is found out. The energy is mainly dissipated in the thermal boundary layer and thickness of the layer is an important parameter. The detailed thermoacoustics is used to model the air domain surrounding the micromirror. The thickness of the boundary layer, temperature variations and thermal power dissipation are analyzed for a Si based torsional mode micromirror. It is found that thermal penetration depth decreases with eigenfrequency and hence operating the micromirror at higher frequencies is essential for reducing thermal damping. The temperature variations and thermal power dissipations at different eigenfrequencies are also analyzed. Both frequency-response and eigenfrequency analyses are done using COMSOL Multiphysics software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigen%20frequency%20analysis" title="Eigen frequency analysis">Eigen frequency analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromirrors" title=" micromirrors"> micromirrors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20damping" title=" thermal damping"> thermal damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustic%20interactions" title=" thermoacoustic interactions"> thermoacoustic interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68224/analysis-of-thermal-damping-in-si-based-torsional-micromirrors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10060</span> Relationship between Monthly Shrimp Catch Rates and the Oceanography-Related Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20M.%20Al-foudari">Hussain M. Al-foudari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weizhong%20Chen"> Weizhong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20M.%20Bishop"> James M. Bishop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Correlations between oceanographic variables and monthly catch rates of total shrimp and those of each of the major species (Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis and Parapenaeopsis stylifera) showed significant differences for particular conditions. Catches of P. semisulcatus were basically positively correlated with temperature, i.e., the higher the temperature, the higher the catch rate, while those of M. affinis and P. stylifera were negatively correlated with temperature, i.e., high catch rates occurred in the low temperature waters. Thus, during the months January and April, P. semisulcatus preferred waters with high temperature, usually the offshore and southern areas, while M. affinis and P. stylifera preferred waters with low temperature, usually inshore and northern areas. The relationships between the catch rate of P. semisulcatus and salinity were not so clear. Results indicated that although salinity was one of the factors affecting the distribution of P. semisulcatus, it was not the principal factor, and impacts from other variables, such as temperature, might overshadow the correlation between the catch rates of P. semisulcatus and salinity. The relationship between shrimp catch rates and dissolved oxygen (DO) also showed mixed results. The catch rates of M. affinis increased with a decrease of surface DO in November 2013, but decreased with lower bottom DO in December. These results indicated that DO might be a factor affecting distributions of the shrimp; however; the true correlation between catch rate and DO might be easily overshadowed by other environmental variables. Catch rates of P. semisulcatus did not show any relationship with depth. P. semisulcatus is a migratory species and widely distributed in Kuwait's waters.During the shrimp season from July through December, P. semisulcatus occurs in almost all areas in Kuwait's waters irrespective of water depth. The catch rates of M. affinis and P. stylifera, however, showed clear relationships with depth. Both species had significantly higher catch rates in shallower waters, indicative of their restricted distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penaeus%20semisulcatus" title=" Penaeus semisulcatus"> Penaeus semisulcatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metapenaeus%20affinis" title=" Metapenaeus affinis"> Metapenaeus affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parapenaeopsis%20stylifera" title=" Parapenaeopsis stylifera"> Parapenaeopsis stylifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabian%20gulf" title=" Arabian gulf"> Arabian gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36059/relationship-between-monthly-shrimp-catch-rates-and-the-oceanography-related-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10059</span> Numerical Modeling of the Depth-Averaged Flow over a Hill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Avramenko">Anna Avramenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heikki%20Haario"> Heikki Haario</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports the development and application of a 2D depth-averaged model. The main goal of this contribution is to apply the depth averaged equations to a wind park model in which the treatment of the geometry, introduced on the mathematical model by the mass and momentum source terms. The depth-averaged model will be used in future to find the optimal position of wind turbines in the wind park. K-E and 2D LES turbulence models were consider in this article. 2D CFD simulations for one hill was done to check the depth-averaged model in practise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth-averaged%20equations" title="depth-averaged equations">depth-averaged equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20park%20model" title=" wind park model"> wind park model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21445/numerical-modeling-of-the-depth-averaged-flow-over-a-hill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10058</span> RGB-D SLAM Algorithm Based on pixel level Dense Depth Map</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Zhang">Hao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongyang%20Yu"> Hongyang Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scale uncertainty is a well-known challenging problem in visual SLAM. Because RGB-D sensor provides depth information, RGB-D SLAM improves this scale uncertainty problem. However, due to the limitation of physical hardware, the depth map output by RGB-D sensor usually contains a large area of missing depth values. These missing depth information affect the accuracy and robustness of RGB-D SLAM. In order to reduce these effects, this paper completes the missing area of the depth map output by RGB-D sensor and then fuses the completed dense depth map into ORB SLAM2. By adding the process of obtaining pixel-level dense depth maps, a better RGB-D visual SLAM algorithm is finally obtained. In the process of obtaining dense depth maps, a deep learning model of indoor scenes is adopted. Experiments are conducted on public datasets and real-world environments of indoor scenes. Experimental results show that the proposed SLAM algorithm has better robustness than ORB SLAM2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB-D" title="RGB-D">RGB-D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLAM" title=" SLAM"> SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dense%20depth" title=" dense depth"> dense depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20map" title=" depth map"> depth map</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147802/rgb-d-slam-algorithm-based-on-pixel-level-dense-depth-map" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10057</span> Analytical Solution for End Depth Ratio in Rectangular Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Abdulrahman">Abdulrahman Abdulrahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Abdulrahman"> Abir Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Free over-fall is an instrument for measuring discharge in open channels by measuring end depth. A comprehensive researchers investigated theoretically and experimentally brink phenomenon with various approaches for different cross-sectional shapes. Anderson's method, based on Boussinq's approximation and energy approach was used to derive a pressure distribution factor at end depth. Applying the one-dimensional momentum equation and the principles of limit slope analysis, a relevant analytical solution may be derived for brink depth ratio (EDR) in prismatic rectangular channel. Also relationships between end depth ratio and slope ratio for a given non-dimensional normal or critical depth with upstream supercritical flow regime are presented. Simple indirect procedure is used to estimate the end depth discharge ratio (EDD) for subcritical and supercritical flow using measured end depth. The comparison of this analysis with all previous theoretical and experimental studies showed an excellent agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title="analytical solution">analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brink%20depth" title=" brink depth"> brink depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20depth" title=" end depth"> end depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20measurement" title=" flow measurement"> flow measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20over%20fall" title=" free over fall"> free over fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title=" hydraulics"> hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20channel" title=" rectangular channel"> rectangular channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92286/analytical-solution-for-end-depth-ratio-in-rectangular-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10056</span> Investigation of Geothermal Gradient of the Niger Delta from Recent Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedapo%20Jepson%20Olumide">Adedapo Jepson Olumide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurowska%20Ewa"> Kurowska Ewa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Schoeneich"> K. Schoeneich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikpokonte%20A.%20Enoch"> Ikpokonte A. Enoch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, subsurface temperature measured from continuous temperature logs were used to determine the geothermal gradient of NigerDelta sedimentary basin. The measured temperatures were corrected to the true subsurface temperatures by applying the American Association of Petroleum Resources (AAPG) correction factor, borehole temperature correction factor with La Max’s correction factor and Zeta Utilities borehole correction factor. Geothermal gradient in this basin ranges from 1.20C to 7.560C/100m. Six geothermal anomalies centres were observed at depth in the southern parts of the Abakaliki anticlinorium around Onitsha, Ihiala, Umuaha area and named A1 to A6 while two more centre appeared at depth of 3500m and 4000m named A7 and A8 respectively. Anomaly A1 describes the southern end of the Abakaliki anticlinorium and extends southwards, anomaly A2 to A5 were found associated with a NW-SE structural alignment of the Calabar hinge line with structures describing the edge of the Niger Delta basin with the basement block of the Oban massif. Anomaly A6 locates in the south-eastern part of the basin offshore while A7 and A8 are located in the south western part of the basin offshore. At the average exploratory depth of 3500m, the geothermal gradient values for these anomalies A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, and A8 are 6.50C/100m, 1.750C/100m, 7.50C/100m, 1.250C/100m, 6.50C/100m, 5.50C/100m, 60C/100m, and 2.250C/100m respectively. Anomaly A8 area may yield higher thermal value at greater depth than 3500m. These results show that anomalies areas of A1, A3, A5, A6 and A7 are potentially prospective and explorable for geothermal energy using abandoned oil wells in the study area. Anomalies A1, A3.A5, A6 occur at areas where drilled boreholes were not exploitable for oil and gas but for the remaining areas where wells are so exploitable there appears no geothermal anomaly. Geothermal energy is environmentally friendly, clean and reversible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20logs" title="temperature logs">temperature logs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20gradient%20anomalies" title=" geothermal gradient anomalies"> geothermal gradient anomalies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy" title=" alternative energy"> alternative energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niger%20delta%20basin" title=" Niger delta basin"> Niger delta basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56754/investigation-of-geothermal-gradient-of-the-niger-delta-from-recent-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10055</span> Chatter Suppression in Boring Process Using Passive Damper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Prasannavenkadesan">V. Prasannavenkadesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elango"> A. Elango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chockalingam"> S. Chockalingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During machining process, chatter is an unavoidable phenomenon. Boring bars possess the cantilever shape and due to this, it is subjected to chatter. The adverse effect of chatter includes the increase in temperature which will leads to excess tool wear. To overcome these problems, in this investigation, Cartridge brass (Cu – 70% and Zn – 30%) is passively fixed on the boring bar and also clearance is provided in order to reduce the displacement, tool wear and cutting temperature. A conventional all geared lathe is attached with vibrometer and pyrometer is used to measure the displacement and temperature. The influence of input parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut and clearance on temperature, tool wear and displacement are investigated for various cutting conditions. From the result, the optimum conditions to obtain better damping in boring process for chatter reduction is identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boring" title="boring">boring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chatter" title=" chatter"> chatter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20damping" title=" mass damping"> mass damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20damping" title=" passive damping"> passive damping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40957/chatter-suppression-in-boring-process-using-passive-damper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10054</span> Experimental Studies on the Effect of Rake Angle on Turning Ti-6Al-4V with TiAlN Coated Carbides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyanarayana%20Kosaraju">Satyanarayana Kosaraju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venu%20Gopal%20Anne"> Venu Gopal Anne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sateesh%20Nagari"> Sateesh Nagari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of cutting speed, feedrate and rake angle in tool geometry on cutting forces and temperature generated on the tool tip in turning were investigated. The data used for the investigation derived from experiments conducted on precision lathe according to the full factorial design to observe the effect of each factor level on the process performance. During the tests, depth of cut were kept constant and each test was conducted with a sharp coated tool insert. Ti-6Al-4V was used as the workpiece material. The effects of cutting parameters and tool geometry on cutting forces and tool tip temperature were analyzed. The main cutting force was observed to have a decreasing trend and temperature found to be increasing trend as the rake angle increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20force" title="cutting force">cutting force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20tip%20temperature" title=" tool tip temperature"> tool tip temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rake%20angle" title=" rake angle"> rake angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining" title=" machining"> machining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37425/experimental-studies-on-the-effect-of-rake-angle-on-turning-ti-6al-4v-with-tialn-coated-carbides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10053</span> Spectral Re-Evaluation of the Magnetic Basement Depth over Yola Arm of Upper Benue Trough Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emberga%20Terhemb%20Opara%20Alexander">Emberga Terhemb Opara Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selemo%20Alexader"> Selemo Alexader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyekwuru%20Samuel"> Onyekwuru Samuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aeromagnetic data have been used to re-evaluate parts of the Upper Benue Trough Nigeria using spectral analysis technique in order to appraise the mineral accumulation potential of the area. The regional field was separated with a first order polynomial using polyfit program. The residual data was subdivided into 24 spectral blocks using OASIS MONTAJ software program. Two prominent magnetic depth source layers were identified. The deeper source depth values obtained ranges from 1.56km to 2.92km with an average depth of 2.37km as the magnetic basement depth while for the shallower sources, the depth values ranges from -1.17km to 0.98km with an average depth of 0.55km. The shallow depth source is attributed to the volcanic rocks that intruded the sedimentary formation and this could possibly be responsible for the mineralization found in parts of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20analysis" title="spectral analysis">spectral analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Upper%20Benue%20Trough" title=" Upper Benue Trough"> Upper Benue Trough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20basement%20depth" title=" magnetic basement depth"> magnetic basement depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeromagnetic" title=" aeromagnetic"> aeromagnetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27913/spectral-re-evaluation-of-the-magnetic-basement-depth-over-yola-arm-of-upper-benue-trough-nigeria-using-aeromagnetic-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10052</span> Effect of Fault Depth on Near-Fault Peak Ground Velocity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanyan%20Yu">Yanyan Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiping%20Ding"> Haiping Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengjun%20Chen"> Pengjun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiou%20Sun"> Yiou Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fault depth is an important parameter to be determined in ground motion simulation, and peak ground velocity (PGV) demonstrates good application prospect. Using numerical simulation method, the variations of distribution and peak value of near-fault PGV with different fault depth were studied in detail, and the reason of some phenomena were discussed. The simulation results show that the distribution characteristics of PGV of fault-parallel (FP) component and fault-normal (FN) component are distinctly different; the value of PGV FN component is much larger than that of FP component. With the increase of fault depth, the distribution region of the FN component strong PGV moves forward along the rupture direction, while the strong PGV zone of FP component becomes gradually far away from the fault trace along the direction perpendicular to the strike. However, no matter FN component or FP component, the strong PGV distribution area and its value are both quickly reduced with increased fault depth. The results above suggest that the fault depth have significant effect on both FN component and FP component of near-fault PGV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20depth" title="fault depth">fault depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-fault" title=" near-fault"> near-fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGV" title=" PGV"> PGV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73475/effect-of-fault-depth-on-near-fault-peak-ground-velocity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10051</span> A Failure Investigations of High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack at Plat Forming Unit Furnace Elbow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altoumi%20Alndalusi">Altoumi Alndalusi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) failure is the common phenomena at elevated temperature in hydrogen environment in oil and gas field. The failure occurred once after four years at the internal surface of Platforming elbow. Both visual and microscopic examinations revealed that the failure was initiated due to blistering forming followed by large cracking at the inner surface. Crack morphology showed that the crack depth was about 50% of material wall thickness and its behavior generally was intergranular. This study concluded that the main reason led to failure due to incorrect material selection comparing to the platforming conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decarburization" title="decarburization">decarburization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20affected%20zone" title=" heat affected zone"> heat affected zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20pressure" title=" partial pressure"> partial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20form" title=" plate form"> plate form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97396/a-failure-investigations-of-high-temperature-hydrogen-attack-at-plat-forming-unit-furnace-elbow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10050</span> Effect of Microstructure on Transition Temperature of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ozel">A. Ozel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ductile to brittle transition temperature is a very important criterion that is used for selection of materials in some applications, especially in low-temperature conditions. For that reason, in this study transition temperature of as-cast and austempered unalloyed ductile iron in the temperature interval from -60 to +100 degrees C have been investigated. The microstructures of samples were examined by light microscope. The impact energy values obtained from the experiments were found to depend on the austempering time and temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austempered%20Ductile%20Iron%20%28ADI%29" title="Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)">Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charpy%20test" title=" Charpy test"> Charpy test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20temperature" title=" transition temperature "> transition temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28406/effect-of-microstructure-on-transition-temperature-of-austempered-ductile-iron-adi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10049</span> Elevated Temperature Shot Peening for M50 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinxin%20Ma">Xinxin Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangze%20Tang"> Guangze Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuxin%20Yang"> Shuxin Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinguang%20He"> Jinguang He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Zhang"> Fan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peiling%20Sun"> Peiling Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Liu"> Ming Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minyu%20Sun"> Minyu Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqin%20Wang"> Liqin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a traditional surface hardening technique, shot peening is widely used in industry. By using shot peening, a residual compressive stress is formed in the surface which is beneficial for improving the fatigue life of metal materials. At the same time, very fine grains and high density defects are generated in the surface layer which enhances the surface hardness, either. However, most of the processes are carried out at room temperature. For high strength steel, such as M50, the thickness of the strengthen layer is limited. In order to obtain a thick strengthen surface layer, elevated temperature shot peening was carried out in this work by using Φ1mm cast ion balls with a speed of 80m/s. Considering the tempering temperature of M50 steel is about 550 oC, the processing temperature was in the range from 300 to 500 oC. The effect of processing temperature and processing time of shot peening on distribution of residual stress and surface hardness was investigated. As we known, the working temperature of M50 steel can be as high as 315 oC. Because the defects formed by shot peening are unstable when the working temperature goes higher, it is worthy to understand what happens during the shot peening process, and what happens when the strengthen samples were kept at a certain temperature. In our work, the shot peening time was selected from 2 to 10 min. And after the strengthening process, the samples were annealed at various temperatures from 200 to 500 oC up to 60 h. The results show that the maximum residual compressive stress is near 900 MPa. Compared with room temperature shot peening, the strengthening depth of 500 oC shot peening sample is about 2 times deep. The surface hardness increased with the processing temperature, and the saturation peening time decreases. After annealing, the residual compressive stress decreases, however, for 500 oC peening sample, even annealing at 500 oC for 20 h, the residual compressive stress is still over 600 MPa. However, it is clean to see from SEM that the grain size of surface layers is still very small. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shot%20peening" title="shot peening">shot peening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M50%20steel" title=" M50 steel"> M50 steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20compressive%20stress" title=" residual compressive stress"> residual compressive stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20temperature" title=" elevated temperature "> elevated temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28286/elevated-temperature-shot-peening-for-m50-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10048</span> Depth Estimation in DNN Using Stereo Thermal Image Pairs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Faruk%20Akyuz">Ahmet Faruk Akyuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Sakir%20Bilge">Hasan Sakir Bilge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Depth estimation using stereo images is a challenging problem in computer vision. Many different studies have been carried out to solve this problem. With advancing machine learning, tackling this problem is often done with neural network-based solutions. The images used in these studies are mostly in the visible spectrum. However, the need to use the Infrared (IR) spectrum for depth estimation has emerged because it gives better results than visible spectra in some conditions. At this point, we recommend using thermal-thermal (IR) image pairs for depth estimation. In this study, we used two well-known networks (PSMNet, FADNet) with minor modifications to demonstrate the viability of this idea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stereo%20matching" title="thermal stereo matching">thermal stereo matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20neural%20networks" title="deep neural networks">deep neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Depth%20estimation" title="Depth estimation">Depth estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140133/depth-estimation-in-dnn-using-stereo-thermal-image-pairs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10047</span> Scour Depth Prediction around Bridge Piers Using Neuro-Fuzzy and Neural Network Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bonakdari">H. Bonakdari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Ebtehaj"> I. Ebtehaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of scour depth around bridge piers is frequently considered in river engineering. One of the key aspects in efficient and optimum bridge structure design is considered to be scour depth estimation around bridge piers. In this study, scour depth around bridge piers is estimated using two methods, namely the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Therefore, the effective parameters in scour depth prediction are determined using the ANN and ANFIS methods via dimensional analysis, and subsequently, the parameters are predicted. In the current study, the methods’ performances are compared with the nonlinear regression (NLR) method. The results show that both methods presented in this study outperform existing methods. Moreover, using the ratio of pier length to flow depth, ratio of median diameter of particles to flow depth, ratio of pier width to flow depth, the Froude number and standard deviation of bed grain size parameters leads to optimal performance in scour depth estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neuro-fuzzy%20inference%20system%20%28ANFIS%29" title="adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)">adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network%20%28ANN%29" title=" artificial neural network (ANN)"> artificial neural network (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title=" bridge pier"> bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20depth" title=" scour depth"> scour depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20regression%20%28NLR%29" title=" nonlinear regression (NLR)"> nonlinear regression (NLR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73889/scour-depth-prediction-around-bridge-piers-using-neuro-fuzzy-and-neural-network-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10046</span> Experimental Study of Local Scour Depth around Cylindrical Bridge Pier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20T.%20Shukri">Mohammed T. Shukri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The failure of bridges due to excessive local scour during floods poses a challenging problem to hydraulic engineers. The failure of bridges piers is due to many reasons such as localized scour combined with general riverbed degradation. In this paper, we try to estimate the temporal variation of scour depth at nonuniform cylindrical bridge pier, by experimental work conducted in hydraulic laboratories of Gaziantep University Civil Engineering Department on a flume having dimensions of 8.3 m length, 0.8 m width and 0.9 m depth. The experiments will be carried on 20 cm depth of sediment layer having d<sub>50</sub>=0.4 mm. Three bridge pier shapes having different scaled models will be constructed in a 1.5m of test section in the channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title="scour">scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20scour" title=" local scour"> local scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20piers" title=" bridge piers"> bridge piers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20depth" title=" scour depth"> scour depth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63562/experimental-study-of-local-scour-depth-around-cylindrical-bridge-pier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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