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}); </script> </div> <div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053" class="publirAds"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053") { googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053"); } }); }); </script> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-offset-0 col-md-12" role="main"> <div class="mw-body" id="content"> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;" ></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading page-header" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ballotpedia's 2020 Recall Analysis</span></span></h1>  <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="siteSub">From Ballotpedia</div> <div id="contentSub" ></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="float:right;"><div style="float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cee0f2; padding: .2em .6em; border:1px solid #A3B1BF;"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Mid-Year_Recall_Report_(2021)" title="Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2021)"><small>2021 Mid-Year Report</small></a></b> <span style="font-size: larger;font-weight: bold;">→</span></div> <div style="float:left; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cee0f2; padding: .2em .6em;border:1px solid #A3B1BF;"><span style="font-size: larger;font-weight: bold;">←</span> <b><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Mid-Year_Recall_Report_(2020)" title="Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2020)"><small>2020 Mid-Year Report</small></a></b> </div> </div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center; width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Recall_overview" title="Recall overview"><img alt="RecallBanner.jpg" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9c/RecallBanner.jpg/200px-RecallBanner.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9c/RecallBanner.jpg/300px-RecallBanner.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9c/RecallBanner.jpg/400px-RecallBanner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Recall elections in 2020:<br />Year-end report</b></center> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ECEBED"><center><b><a href="#Statistics">Statistics</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <td><center> 301 targeted officials<br />238 separate recall efforts</center> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ECEBED"><center><a href="#Notable_recalls">Notable recalls</a></center> </th></tr> <tr> <td><center><a href="#Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District">Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25, Idaho</a><hr /><a href="#Adam_Fortney_recall,_Snohomish_County,_Washington">Snohomish County, Washington</a><hr /><a href="/Gretchen_Whitmer_recall,_Governor_of_Michigan_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gretchen Whitmer recall, Governor of Michigan (2020)">Michigan</a><hr /><a href="#Brandon_Dewey,_Mayor_of_Stevensville">Stevensville, Montana</a><hr /><a href="#Kshama_Sawant,_Seattle_City_Council">Seattle, Washington</a></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><big><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:Calendar#December" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Calendar">December 22, 2020</a></b> <i>(updated September 17, 2024)</i></big><br /> <b>By</b> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:editor@ballotpedia.org"><i>Ballotpedia staff</i></a><br /> </p><p>Ballotpedia’s coverage of recall efforts in 2020 showed an increase from <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_2019_Recall_Analysis" title="Ballotpedia's 2019 Recall Analysis">2019</a> and <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_2018_Recall_Analysis" title="Ballotpedia's 2018 Recall Analysis">2018</a>, but the efforts were fewer than those in <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_2017_Recall_Analysis" title="Ballotpedia's 2017 Recall Analysis">2017</a> and <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_2016_Recall_Analysis" title="Ballotpedia's 2016 Recall Analysis">2016</a>. </p> <ul><li>The 238 recall efforts against 301 officials in 2020 was an increase from the 151 efforts against 234 officials in 2019. When compared to 2018, 2020 saw more overall recall efforts (238 to 185) but about the same number of targeted officials (301 to 307). Of the past five years, however, 2016 had the most recalls with 244 efforts against 374 officials.</li> <li>There were 35 successful recall efforts in 2020 compared to 38 in 2019 and 80 in 2018.</li> <li>In 2020, California again claimed the top spot for the number of officials targeted for recall with 42. Idaho and Colorado tied for second with 25. California led the field for the number of officials targeted in 2020, 2019, 2017, and 2016. The exception was 2018, when Michigan had 67 officials targeted for recall to California’s 64.</li></ul> <p>Notable recalls across the second half of 2020 included the following: </p> <ul><li>In Idaho, three of the five members on the Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25 <a href="#Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District">board of trustees</a> faced recall due to their support of a hybrid teaching model instituted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.</li> <li>In Washington, Snohomish County <a href="#Adam_Fortney,_Snohomish_County_Sheriff">Sheriff Adam Fortney</a> was the subject of two recall efforts after he announced in April 2020 that his office would not enforce restrictions Gov. Jay Inslee (D) instituted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.</li> <li>In Michigan, <a href="#Gretchen_Whitmer,_Governor_of_Michigan">Gov. Gretchen Whitmer</a> (D) was the subject of 20 recall efforts in 2020. The efforts were related to executive orders she signed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.</li> <li>In Montana, Stevensville <a href="#Brandon_Dewey,_Mayor_of_Stevensville">Mayor Brandon Dewey</a> faced a recall due to allegations he had violated his oath of office by signing a $79,800 contract on behalf of the town without seeking approval from the town council.</li> <li>In Washington, Seattle <a href="#Kshama_Sawant,_Seattle_City_Council">Councilmember Kshama Sawant</a> was the subject of a recall effort due to allegations she had relinquished the authority of her office to an outside political organization, misused city funds, disregarded COVID-19 regulations, and misused her official position.</li></ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Statistics"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Statistics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Targets_by_state"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Targets by state</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Notable_recalls"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notable recalls</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pocatello-Chubbuck School District</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Adam_Fortney,_Snohomish_County_Sheriff"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Adam Fortney, Snohomish County Sheriff</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Gretchen_Whitmer,_Governor_of_Michigan"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of Michigan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Brandon_Dewey,_Mayor_of_Stevensville"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Brandon Dewey, Mayor of Stevensville</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Kshama_Sawant,_Seattle_City_Council"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Kshama Sawant, Seattle City Council</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Statistics">Statistics</span></h2> <p>In 2020, Ballotpedia covered a total of 238 recall efforts against 301 officials. Efforts against 73 of those officials remained ongoing at the end of the year. Recall attempts targeting 197 officials did not make it to the ballot and are marked as <i>Unsuccessful</i> on the chart below. Of the 55 officials whose recalls made it to the ballot, 35 were recalled and 20 survived the attempt. Recall elections for another four officials were scheduled but had not yet been held. Nine other officials resigned before their recalls could go to a vote, and five officials' recalls were handled by judicial proceedings. A breakdown of the various recall outcomes is displayed in the chart below. </p><p>Though 301 officials had recalls started against them, some were the focus of multiple recall efforts. Those additional efforts were added to the chart below to detail the different statuses. Because of that, the total is 343 rather than 301. </p><p><iframe title="Recall results, 2020" aria-label="Donut Chart" id="datawrapper-chart-3l2bZ" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3l2bZ/15/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 60% !important; border: none;" height="250"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script> </p><p><iframe title="Recall success by year" aria-label="Stacked Bars" id="datawrapper-chart-wX5Nv" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/wX5Nv/13/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="327" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p>City councilors drew more recall petitions than any other group in 2020. A total of 117 city council members faced recall campaigns, while school board members faced the second-most with 64. Recalls were also sought for 53 mayors and vice mayors. In state government, there were five state legislators and 19 state executives who faced recall efforts. A breakdown of the various recall targets is displayed in the chart below: </p><p><iframe title="Recall targets, 2020" aria-label="chart" id="datawrapper-chart-cefLr" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/cefLr/10/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 50% !important; border: none;" height="343"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Targets_by_state">Targets by state</span></h3> <p>California led the way in officials targeted for recall with 42 in 2020. Idaho and Colorado followed with 25. To view the number of recalls in a particular state, hover your mouse cursor over that state in the chart below. Ballotpedia did not cover recall efforts in 2020 in the states shown in gray. </p><p><iframe title=" Recall targets by state, 2020" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-mOYax" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mOYax/2/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 50% !important; border: none;" height="458"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script> </p><p>When adjusted for state population using the U.S. Census Bureau's July 2020 population estimates, Idaho emerges as the recall leader with 0.71 recalls per 100,000 residents. It is followed by Alaska (0.68 recalls per 100,000 residents) and North Dakota (0.65 recalls per 100,000 residents).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p><iframe title="Recalls by state per 100,000 residents, 2020" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-Avic3" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Avic3/11/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 50% !important; border: none;" height="458"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_recalls">Notable recalls</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District">Pocatello-Chubbuck School District</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District_No._25_recall,_Idaho_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25 recall, Idaho (2020)">Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25 recall, Idaho (2020)</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="floatright"><a href="/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District_No._25_recall,_Idaho_(2020)" title="Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25 recall, Idaho (2020)"><img alt="Pocatello-Chubbuck School District.jpg" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/82/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District.jpg/200px-Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/8/82/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="331" /></a></div> <p>An effort to recall three of the five members of the <a href="/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District_No._25,_Idaho" title="Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25, Idaho">Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25</a> board of trustees in <a href="/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> began in September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-began_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-began-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>Zone 1 representative Jackie Cranor, Zone 2 representative Janie Gebhardt, and Zone 5 representative Dave Mattson were named in the recall petitions after the board unanimously voted to continue using a hybrid teaching model (two days in-person and three days online) for middle school and high school students for the remainder of the first trimester of the 2020-2021 school year. The district started the hybrid model due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-began_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-began-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-board_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-board-3">[3]</a></sup> On November 13, 2020, the district sent a letter to families announcing that the hybrid teaching model would continue into the second trimester.<sup id="cite_ref-submittedsigs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-submittedsigs-4">[4]</a></sup> </p><p>Recall supporters said the board was not fully representing the electorate on the issue of hybrid learning and other issues. The school district released a statement saying that the board weighs a number of factors when making decisions and that majority opinion does not always rule.<sup id="cite_ref-began_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-began-2">[2]</a></sup> Recall supporters submitted petition signatures on November 30, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-submittedsigs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-submittedsigs-4">[4]</a></sup> </p><p>The county verified enough signatures on December 10, 2020, to add the recall election to the ballot. Cranor, Gebhardt, and Mattson had until December 17, 2020, to step down or face a recall election.<sup id="cite_ref-verified_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verified-5">[5]</a></sup> None of the board members stepped down.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p><p>Cranor, Gebhardt, and Mattson were also included in a <a href="/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District_No._25_recall,_Idaho_(2018)" title="Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25 recall, Idaho (2018)">2018 recall effort</a> against all five members who served on the board at the time. That effort started after the board voted to end the district's 20-year-old open enrollment policy that allowed students to choose which high school they attended. The leader of that recall put the effort on hold before the deadline to submit petitions. <a href="/Pocatello-Chubbuck_School_District_No._25_recall,_Idaho_(2018)" title="Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25 recall, Idaho (2018)">Click here</a> to read more about that recall effort. </p> <h3><span id="Adam_Fortney.2C_Snohomish_County_Sheriff"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Adam_Fortney,_Snohomish_County_Sheriff">Adam Fortney, Snohomish County Sheriff</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Adam_Fortney_recall,_Snohomish_County,_Washington_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Fortney recall, Snohomish County, Washington (2020)">Adam Fortney recall, Snohomish County, Washington (2020)</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>An effort to recall Adam Fortney from his position as sheriff of <a href="/Snohomish_County,_Washington" title="Snohomish County, Washington">Snohomish County, Washington</a>, has been approved to circulate petitions. The effort began after Fortney announced on Facebook in April 2020 that his office would not enforce restrictions <a href="/Governor_of_Washington" title="Governor of Washington">Gov.</a> <a href="/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> (D) set in place in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The recall petition said that Fortney had "endangered the peace and safety of the community and violated his statutory duties."<sup id="cite_ref-began_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-began-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-courtdecision_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtdecision-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>Fortney filed an appeal against the petition with the <a href="/Washington_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Supreme Court">Washington Supreme Court</a> on June 22, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-appeal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appeal-9">[9]</a></sup> On September 10, 2020, the court ruled against one charge listed on the recall petition but allowed it to circulate with the other three charges. Recall supporters had to collect 44,494 signatures in six months to get the recall on the ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-began_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-began-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-courtdecision_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtdecision-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-courtdate_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtdate-10">[10]</a></sup> </p><p>Another recall effort against Fortney did not go to a vote in 2020. That recall petition said that Fortney "used his position as an elected official to encourage citizens to defy the law and violate the Governor’s Emergency Proclamations." It was approved for circulation on May 15, 2020, and was approved for circulation on June 2, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2ndapproved_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ndapproved-12">[12]</a></sup> Recall supporters did not meet the December 1, 2020, deadline to submit signatures.<sup id="cite_ref-1strecallnovote_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1strecallnovote-13">[13]</a></sup> </p><p>In response to the recall efforts, Fortney said he stood by his statement that the sheriff's department "will not be enforcing an order preventing religious freedoms or constitutional rights."<sup id="cite_ref-began_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-began-2">[2]</a></sup> Fortney was elected sheriff on November 5, 2019, with 55% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Gretchen_Whitmer.2C_Governor_of_Michigan"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Gretchen_Whitmer,_Governor_of_Michigan">Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of Michigan</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Gretchen_Whitmer_recall,_Governor_of_Michigan_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gretchen Whitmer recall, Governor of Michigan (2020)">Gretchen Whitmer recall, Governor of Michigan (2020)</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/52/Gretchen_WhitmerMI.jpg/150px-Gretchen_WhitmerMI.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5/52/Gretchen_WhitmerMI.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Gretchen_WhitmerMI.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D)</div></div></div> <p>In Michigan, Gov. <a href="/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a> (D) has been the subject of 20 recall efforts in 2020. The Board of State Canvassers has approved nine recall petitions for circulation, rejected 10 recall petitions, and one recall effort was withdrawn by the petitioner. The recall petitions all criticize Whitmer over executive orders that she signed to respond to the <a href="/Government_responses_to_and_political_effects_of_the_coronavirus_pandemic,_2020_(Michigan)" title="Government responses to and political effects of the coronavirus pandemic, 2020 (Michigan)">coronavirus pandemic</a>. </p><p>Supporters of each approved recall effort need to submit 1,062,647 signatures within a 60-day period to require a recall election. The 60-day period begins on the first day that signatures are collected. The recall petition must be submitted to the office of Michigan's secretary of state no later than 180 days after it was approved by the board. </p><p>According to Bobby Leddy, a spokesperson for Whitmer’s campaign, the petition language for each approved recall has been appealed to the state Court of Appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-mlive_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlive-15">[15]</a></sup> Michigan laws state that the reason for recall must be deemed factual and clear by the Board of State Canvassers before the recall petition can be placed in circulation. The board does not document a rationale for their determination, only the judgment of rejected or approved. </p><p>In June 2020, Christopher Mills, a senior adviser to Whitmer's campaign, said the following about the first approved recall effort by petitioner Chad Baase: "Michiganders know that the vast majority support the governor’s swift and aggressive action in the fight against COVID-19. The governor plans to fight this recall aggressively while staying focused on protecting Michigan families from the spread of COVID-19."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> On December 3, 2020, the Michigan Court of Appeals agreed with the Board of State Canvassers that Baase's fourth recall petition was factual and clear and could be circulated for signatures. However, Baase said in an interview with <i>MLive</i> that he did not intend to collect signatures to recall Whitmer. Even though Baase has abandoned the recall effort, the petition will remain active until the signature filing deadline has passed.<sup id="cite_ref-mlive_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlive-15">[15]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Brandon_Dewey.2C_Mayor_of_Stevensville"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Brandon_Dewey,_Mayor_of_Stevensville">Brandon Dewey, Mayor of Stevensville</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Brandon_Dewey_recall,_Stevensville,_Montana_(2020)" title="Brandon Dewey recall, Stevensville, Montana (2020)">Brandon Dewey recall, Stevensville, Montana (2020)</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In <a href="/Stevensville,_Montana" title="Stevensville, Montana">Stevensville, Montana</a>, a recall effort against Mayor Brandon Dewey was rejected by voters. The recall was organized by resident Leanna Rodabaugh after Dewey signed a $79,800 contract with First Call Computer Solutions on behalf of the town. Rodabaugh accused Dewey of violating his oath of office because contracts of that size would normally require approval from the town council. Rodabaugh said that the way the contract was signed bypassed the competitive bid and contract award process. </p><p>In response to the recall effort, Dewey said, "If you strictly took state law and municipal ordinance, I think, yes, a case could be made that there was some impropriety. But that’s only true if you completely ignore the purchasing policy which the council adopted a number of years ago and has reviewed on a regular basis since delegating this authority to department heads and the mayor." </p><p>A review by Stevensville City Attorney Scott Owens stated that Dewey did not violate the law because, while an agreement had been signed by the mayor for an amount of money that usually would require council approval, the money had been included in the budget that the council approved and was only being paid out incrementally. Owens said that Dewey's actions were close to illegality but did not "cross the line." Dewey argued to the Ravalli County Clerk and later in a lawsuit filed with the Ravalli County District Court that the recall should not have been approved for circulation on the grounds of validity. Dewey cited the review by Owens in his filings. Judge Howard Recht ruled that there were sufficient grounds for a recall effort against Dewey. Recht said that Dewey "acted outside the law and without legal authority" when he signed the contract with First Call Computer Solutions. </p><p>The recall election was originally scheduled to take place by mail-in ballots on August 4, 2020. Judge Recht ordered that the recall election be put on hold in order to hear arguments in court. The recall election was rescheduled for November 3, 2020, following the court's ruling. Dewey survived the recall election, with 584 votes against the recall and 535 votes in favor. </p> <h3><span id="Kshama_Sawant.2C_Seattle_City_Council"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kshama_Sawant,_Seattle_City_Council">Kshama Sawant, Seattle City Council</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Kshama_Sawant_recall,_Seattle,_Washington_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kshama Sawant recall, Seattle, Washington (2020)">Kshama Sawant recall, Seattle, Washington (2020)</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/Kshama_Sawant" title="Kshama Sawant"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg/200px-Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="202" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg/300px-Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg/400px-Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="511" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Kshama_Sawant_Profile.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>District 3 Councilmember Kshama Sawant</div></div></div> <p>An effort to recall <a href="/Seattle,_Washington" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a> Councilmember <a href="/Kshama_Sawant" title="Kshama Sawant">Kshama Sawant</a> is headed to the <a href="/Washington_State_Supreme_Court" title="Washington State Supreme Court">Washington Supreme Court</a>. Sawant filed an appeal with the state supreme court after a Washington superior court judge certified four of the six grounds in the recall petition against her.<sup id="cite_ref-KSappeal_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSappeal-17">[17]</a></sup> Before a recall petition can move to the signature-gathering phase, <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Washington#Grounds_for_recall" title="Laws governing recall in Washington">Washington law</a> requires that a judicial review must find legally sufficient grounds for recall under the <a href="/Article_I,_Washington_State_Constitution#Section_33" title="Article I, Washington State Constitution">Washington Constitution</a>. The state supreme court is expected to consider Sawant’s appeal without hearing oral arguments during its conference on January 7, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-KSSC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSSC-18">[18]</a></sup> </p><p>The recall against Sawant was initiated on August 18, 2020, when petitioner Ernie Lou submitted a formal recall petition to the King County Elections Office.<sup id="cite_ref-KSfiling_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSfiling-19">[19]</a></sup> The four charges certified by the court allege that Sawant relinquished the authority of her office to an outside political organization; misused city funds for electioneering purposes; disregarded regulations related to COVID-19 by allowing people into city hall when it was closed to the public; and misused her official position by leading a protest march to Seattle Mayor <a href="/Jenny_Durkan" title="Jenny Durkan">Jenny Durkan</a>'s private residence, the location of which is protected under state confidentiality laws.<sup id="cite_ref-KSorder_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSorder-20">[20]</a></sup> If Sawant's appeal is unsuccessful and the recall moves to the signature-gathering phase, petitioners would be required to gather over 10,700 signatures from registered voters to get the recall on the ballot, which equals 25% of the total votes cast in the last District 3 election held in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-KSfiling_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSfiling-19">[19]</a></sup> </p><p>Kshama Sawant represents District 3 on the Seattle City Council. Though the office is officially nonpartisan, Sawant is a member of the Socialist Alternative Party and upon her election in 2013 was the first socialist elected to Seattle city government in 97 years.<sup id="cite_ref-KSsocialist_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KSsocialist-21">[21]</a></sup> She was first elected to the council as an at-large member in 2013, when she beat four-term Democratic incumbent <a href="/Richard_Conlin" title="Richard Conlin">Richard Conlin</a> 50.9% to 49.1%. When the council transitioned to <a href="/Seattle,_Washington#City_council" title="Seattle, Washington">district-based voting</a> at the 2015 election, Sawant was re-elected to the council as the member for District 3. She won re-election to the District 3 seat in <a href="/City_elections_in_Seattle,_Washington_(2019)" title="City elections in Seattle, Washington (2019)">2019</a> by 4.1 percentage points—51.8% to challenger <a href="/Egan_Orion" title="Egan Orion">Egan Orion</a>'s 47.7%. A total of 42,956 votes were cast in the 2019 District 3 election, with Sawant receiving 22,263 votes, Orion receiving 20,488, and the remainder being cast for write-in candidates. </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Recall_overview" title="Recall overview">Recall overview</a></li> <li><a href="/Political_recall_efforts" title="Political recall efforts">Political recall efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2020" title="Political recall efforts, 2020">Political recall efforts, 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/Laws_governing_recall" title="Laws governing recall">Laws governing recall</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Mid-Year_Recall_Report_(2020)" title="Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2020)">Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_2019_Recall_Analysis" title="Ballotpedia's 2019 Recall Analysis">Ballotpedia's 2019 Recall Analysis</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/research/evaluation-estimates.html"><i>United States Census Bureau</i>, "Evaluation Estimates: 2020," accessed March 19, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-began-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-began_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-began_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-began_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-began_2-3">2.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-began_2-4">2.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-began_2-5">2.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatejournal.com/coronavirus/effort-to-recall-school-district-25-board-members-launched-over-vote-to-keep-hybrid-model/article_085275d1-54d0-540f-8a3d-c7be414d9c79.html"><i>Idaho State Journal</i>, "Effort to recall School District 25 board members launched over vote to keep hybrid model, Indians mascot retirement," September 21, 2020</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "began" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-board-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-board_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.sd25.us/DistrictBoardEd.aspx"><i>Pocatello-Chubbuck School District No. 25</i>, "Board of Trustees," accessed September 28, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-submittedsigs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-submittedsigs_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-submittedsigs_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/local-group-of-concerned-parents-submit-signed-petitions-to-recall-three-sd25-board-members/article_4c6c520f-48d0-55dc-87c3-e952a30f5ef0.html"><i>Idaho State Journal</i>, "Local group of concerned parents submit signed petitions to recall three SD25 board members," December 2, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verified-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-verified_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/bannock-county-certifies-district-25-school-board-recall-petitions-parents-call-on-embattled-trustees-to/article_2e21cacb-81ee-51d4-a745-350db3c5b762.html"><i>Idaho State Journal</i>, "Bannock County certifies District 25 school board recall petitions; parents call on embattled trustees to resign," December 10, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/district-25-school-board-chooses-thunder-as-new-mascot-for-pocatello-high-school/article_05d35c35-3037-5f2b-99ab-04d5138cceea.html"><i>Idaho State Journal</i>, "District 25 school board chooses Thunder as new mascot for Pocatello High School," December 16, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-courtdecision-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-courtdecision_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-courtdecision_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldnet.com/news/state-supreme-court-clears-way-for-2nd-fortney-recall-bid/"><i>Herald Net</i>, "State Supreme Court clears way for 2nd Fortney recall bid," September 11, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://myedmondsnews.com/2020/06/judge-rejects-snohomish-county-sheriffs-motion-to-reconsider-recall-petition-ruling/"><i>My Edmond News</i>, "Judge rejects Snohomish County Sheriff’s motion to reconsider recall petition ruling," June 13, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appeal-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-appeal_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldnet.com/news/fortney-asks-state-high-court-to-stop-latest-recall-effort/"><i>Herald Net</i>, "Fortney asks state high court to stop latest recall effort," June 23, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-courtdate-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-courtdate_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://myedmondsnews.com/2020/07/state-supreme-court-sets-sept-10-as-date-to-decide-fortneys-appeal-of-recall/"><i>My Edmond News</i>, "State Supreme Court sets Sept. 10 as date to decide Fortney’s appeal of recall," July 5, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/state/local-judge-rules-covid-related-sheriffs-recall-petition-can-proceed/article_f8cfd746-3396-5abb-8461-277cb36ff132.html"><i>Union-Bulletin</i>, "Local judge rules COVID-related sheriff's recall petition can proceed," May 20, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2ndapproved-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2ndapproved_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldnet.com/news/judge-approves-2nd-recall-effort-against-sheriff-fortney/"><i>Herald Net</i>, "Judge approves 2nd recall effort against Sheriff Fortney," June 2, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1strecallnovote-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1strecallnovote_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldnet.com/news/group-behind-sheriff-recall-fined-for-campaign-violations/"><i>Herald Net</i>, "Group behind sheriff recall fined for campaign violations," December 4, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.snohomishcountywa.gov/DocumentCenter/View/68947/Summary-Report?bidId="><i>Snohomish County Elections</i>, "Summary Report: Snohomish County, 2019 General, Nov 05, 2019," accessed May 26, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlive-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mlive_15-0">15.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mlive_15-1">15.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.mlive.com/public-interest/2020/12/man-behind-whitmer-recall-abandons-effort-despite-court-ruling-in-his-favor.html"><i>MLive</i>, "Man behind Whitmer recall abandons effort, despite court ruling in his favor," December 3, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.metrotimes.com/news-hits/archives/2020/06/09/petition-to-recall-gov-whitmer-set-to-begin-july-1-after-panel-approves-language"><i>Detroit Metro Times</i>, "Petition to recall Gov. Whitmer set to begin July 1 after panel approves language," June 9, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KSappeal-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KSappeal_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://mynorthwest.com/2216697/kshama-sawant-appeals-recall-petition-washington-supreme-court/"><i>My Northwest</i>, "Kshama Sawant files appeal with state Supreme Court over recall petition," October 8, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KSSC-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KSSC_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.seattlepi.com/local/politics/article/seattle-kshama-sawant-recall-appeal-supreme-court-15773712.php"><i>Seattle Post-Intelligencer</i>, "Kshama Sawant recall appeal heads to Washington Supreme Court in January," December 4, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KSfiling-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KSfiling_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KSfiling_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://mynorthwest.com/2098852/group-submits-petition-to-recall-seattle-councilmember-kshama-sawant/"><i>My Northwest</i>, "Group submits petition to recall Seattle Councilmember Kshama Sawant," August 19, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KSorder-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KSorder_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.seattlepi.com/local/seattlenews/article/judge-hears-arguments-in-sawant-recall-petition-15571964.php"><i>Seattle Post-Intelligencer</i>, "Judge rules recall petition against Seattle City Councilmember Kshama Sawant can move forward," September 16, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KSsocialist-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KSsocialist_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/2013/11/14/sawant-wins-city-council-seat/"><i>Seattle Post-Intelligencer</i>, "Socialist Sawant wins City Council seat," November 14, 2013</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Recalls_by_office" title="Template:Recalls by office"><span title="View this template" style=";color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Recalls_by_office&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Recall_overview" title="Recall overview">Political recall elections</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;;"><big><b><a href="/Laws_governing_recall" title="Laws governing recall">Laws</a></b></big></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Alabama" title="Laws governing recall in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Alaska" title="Laws governing recall in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Arizona" title="Laws governing recall in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Arkansas" title="Laws governing recall in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_California" title="Laws governing recall in California">California</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Colorado" title="Laws governing recall in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Connecticut" title="Laws governing recall in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Laws governing recall in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Florida" title="Laws governing recall in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Georgia" title="Laws governing recall in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Hawaii" title="Laws governing recall in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Idaho" title="Laws governing recall in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Illinois" title="Laws governing recall in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Kansas" title="Laws governing recall in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Louisiana" title="Laws governing recall in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Maine" title="Laws governing recall in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Maryland" title="Laws governing recall in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Massachusetts" title="Laws governing recall in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Michigan" title="Laws governing recall in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Minnesota" title="Laws governing recall in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Missouri" title="Laws governing recall in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Montana" title="Laws governing recall in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Nebraska" title="Laws governing recall in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Nevada" title="Laws governing recall in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_New_Hampshire" title="Laws governing recall in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_New_Jersey" title="Laws governing recall in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_New_Mexico" title="Laws governing recall in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_New_York" title="Laws governing recall in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_North_Carolina" title="Laws governing recall in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_North_Dakota" title="Laws governing recall in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Ohio" title="Laws governing recall in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Oklahoma" title="Laws governing recall in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Oregon" title="Laws governing recall in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Rhode_Island" title="Laws governing recall in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_South_Dakota" title="Laws governing recall in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Tennessee" title="Laws governing recall in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Texas" title="Laws governing recall in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Vermont" title="Laws governing recall in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Virginia" title="Laws governing recall in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Washington" title="Laws governing recall in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_West_Virginia" title="Laws governing recall in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Wisconsin" title="Laws governing recall in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Laws_governing_recall_in_Wyoming" title="Laws governing recall in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> <br /><br /> <a href="/States_that_require_grounds_for_recalls" title="States that require grounds for recalls">States that require grounds for recalls</a> • <a href="/States_that_have_pre-petition_signature_requirements_for_recalls" title="States that have pre-petition signature requirements for recalls">States that have pre-petition signature requirements for recalls</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;;"><big><b><a href="/Political_recall_efforts_by_state" title="Political recall efforts by state">Recalls<br />by state</a></b></big></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Alabama" title="Recall campaigns in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Alaska" title="Recall campaigns in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Arizona" title="Recall campaigns in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Arkansas" title="Recall campaigns in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_California" title="Recall campaigns in California">California</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Colorado" title="Recall campaigns in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Connecticut" title="Recall campaigns in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_District_of_Columbia" title="Recall campaigns in District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Delaware" title="Recall campaigns in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Florida" title="Recall campaigns in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Georgia" title="Recall campaigns in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Hawaii" title="Recall campaigns in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Idaho" title="Recall campaigns in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Illinois" title="Recall campaigns in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Indiana" title="Recall campaigns in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Iowa" title="Recall campaigns in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Kansas" title="Recall campaigns in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Kentucky" title="Recall campaigns in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Louisiana" title="Recall campaigns in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Maine" title="Recall campaigns in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Maryland" title="Recall campaigns in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Massachusetts" title="Recall campaigns in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Michigan" title="Recall campaigns in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Minnesota" title="Recall campaigns in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Mississippi" title="Recall campaigns in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Missouri" title="Recall campaigns in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Montana" title="Recall campaigns in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Nebraska" title="Recall campaigns in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Nevada" title="Recall campaigns in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_New_Hampshire" title="Recall campaigns in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_New_Jersey" title="Recall campaigns in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_New_Mexico" title="Recall campaigns in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_New_York" title="Recall campaigns in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_North_Carolina" title="Recall campaigns in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_North_Dakota" title="Recall campaigns in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Ohio" title="Recall campaigns in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Oklahoma" title="Recall campaigns in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Oregon" title="Recall campaigns in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Pennsylvania" title="Recall campaigns in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Rhode_Island" title="Recall campaigns in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_South_Carolina" title="Recall campaigns in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_South_Dakota" title="Recall campaigns in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Tennessee" title="Recall campaigns in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Texas" title="Recall campaigns in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Utah" title="Recall campaigns in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Vermont" title="Recall campaigns in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Virginia" title="Recall campaigns in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Washington" title="Recall campaigns in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_West_Virginia" title="Recall campaigns in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Wisconsin" title="Recall campaigns in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Recall_campaigns_in_Wyoming" title="Recall campaigns in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";color:#FFFFFF; background:#bbccee;;"><big><b><a href="/Recall_campaigns,_organized_by_political_office_of_targeted_incumbent" title="Recall campaigns, 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<a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2023" title="Political recall efforts, 2023">2023</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2022" title="Political recall efforts, 2022">2022</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2021" title="Political recall efforts, 2021">2021</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2020" title="Political recall efforts, 2020">2020</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2019" title="Political recall efforts, 2019">2019</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2018" title="Political recall efforts, 2018">2018</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2017" title="Political recall efforts, 2017">2017</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2016" title="Political recall efforts, 2016">2016</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2015" title="Political recall efforts, 2015">2015</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2014" title="Political recall efforts, 2014">2014</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2013" title="Political recall efforts, 2013">2013</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2012" title="Political recall efforts, 2012">2012</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2011" title="Political recall efforts, 2011">2011</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2010" title="Political recall efforts, 2010">2010</a> • <a href="/Political_recall_efforts,_2009" title="Political recall efforts, 2009">2009</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ballotpedia%27s_2020_Recall_Analysis&oldid=9951220">https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ballotpedia%27s_2020_Recall_Analysis&oldid=9951220</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks-container" style="display:none"><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/Category:Recall,_2020" 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