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href="https://liver.org.au" class="home" ><span property="name">Home</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"></span> > <span property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" title="Go to Your Liver." href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/" class="post post-page" ><span property="name">Your Liver</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"></span> > <span property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><span property="name" class="post post-page current-item">Liver Failure</span><meta property="url" content="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-failure/"><meta property="position" content="3"></span> </div> </div> <div class="main" id="main"> <div class="container"> <div class="content"> <h2>Key points</h2> <ul> <li>Liver failure is when the liver can鈥檛 do its normal functions</li> <li>It may be life threatening</li> <li>Chronic liver failure is the end-stage of many long-term liver diseases</li> <li>Acute liver failure can also happen when the liver is suddenly severely injured by a poison, a virus or an illness</li> <li>Liver failure often has serious complications</li> <li>If you have liver failure, you may need to be admitted to an intensive care unit</li> <li>Some people with liver failure need a liver transplant</li> </ul> <hr /> <p> </p> <h2>What causes liver failure?</h2> <p>Liver failure is a life-threatening condition. It is when the liver is so badly damaged it can鈥檛 do its normal functions.</p> <p>There are two types of liver failure: <strong>acute liver failure</strong> and <strong>chronic liver failure</strong>.</p> <h3>Acute liver failure</h3> <p>Some people who have a completely normal liver can suddenly develop liver failure due to a medication, a toxin, a virus or another illness. This is called acute liver failure and can be immediately life-threatening.</p> <p>Acute liver failure can happen in just 48 hours. When the liver fails very rapidly, it鈥檚 usually due to:</p> <ul> <li>Liver injury caused by a deliberate or accidental overdose of paracetamol</li> <li>Being poisoned by <a href="https://liver.org.au/living-well/looking-after-yourself/medicines/">medicines</a>, herbs or supplements or poisonous mushrooms</li> <li>Some viruses, including hepatitis A, B, and E, the Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis/">Autoimmune hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/wilsons-disease/">Wilson鈥檚 disease</a></li> <li>Complications of pregnancy</li> <li>Very low blood pressure due to severe infection, bleeding or heart failure</li> <li>Budd Chiari syndrome (a rare condition due to clots blocking blood vessels that drain out of the liver).</li> </ul> <h3>Chronic liver failure</h3> <p>Chronic liver failure develops slowly, over time. It comes at the advanced stage of many different liver diseases. It鈥檚 also called <a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/advanced-liver-disease/">advanced liver disease</a> or end-stage liver disease.</p> <p>There are different stages of chronic liver disease. First the liver may be inflamed (hepatitis). Then the liver starts to get stiff and scarred (fibrosis). Eventually, <a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cirrhosis/">cirrhosis聽</a>develops.</p> <p>Chronic liver failure can develop from many different liver diseases, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/hepatitis-b/">Hepatitis B</a> that lasts a long time</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/hepatitis-c/">Hepatitis C</a> if it鈥檚 not treated</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis/">Autoimmune hepatitis</a></li> <li>Drinking too much <a href="https://liver.org.au/living-well/alcohol/">alcohol</a> long-term, which can lead to cirrhosis</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease/">Fatty liver disease</a>, which can eventually develop into cirrhosis</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/haemochromatosis/">Haemochromatosis</a>, which causes too much iron to build up in the liver</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/">Primary sclerosing cholangitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis/">Primary biliary cholangitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/wilsons-disease/">Wilson’s disease</a></li> <li>Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>What are the symptoms of liver failure?</h2> <p>As the liver struggles to work, you might notice these symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>Very <a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/itching/">itchy skin</a></li> <li>Yellow skin and whites of the eyes (<a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/jaundice/">jaundice</a>)</li> <li>Swollen belly due to build-up of fluid (<a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/ascites-swollen-belly/">ascites</a>)</li> <li>Swollen legs, ankles and feet (oedema)</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/nausea-and-vomiting/">Nausea</a> and <a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/appetite-loss/">loss of appetite</a></li> <li>Vomiting blood</li> <li>Bleeding easily, or a lot of bruises</li> <li>Being confused and sleepy.</li> </ul> <div class="box-border">See your doctor straight away if you notice these symptoms. If symptoms are sudden and severe, you should go straight to an emergency department.</div> <p> </p> <p>If you have liver failure, you might develop complications:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cerebral oedema</strong>: a build-up of fluid on your brain</li> <li><strong>Blood clotting problems</strong>: because your liver isn鈥檛 working properly, you may find it difficult to stop any bleeding</li> <li><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/infections/"><strong>Infections</strong></a>: people with liver failure are more likely to develop pneumonia and urinary tract infections</li> <li><strong>Kidney failure</strong>: if the liver isn鈥檛 working, the kidneys can鈥檛 work properly either. This can lead to kidney failure</li> <li><strong><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/hepatic-encephalopathy/">Hepatic encephalopathy</a>:</strong> a complication of liver disease that may cause severe drowsiness or even unconsciousness (coma)</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>How is liver failure diagnosed?</h2> <p>Liver failure is diagnosed by a doctor based or results of physical examination, blood tests and scans.</p> <p>If you are known to have liver disease, your doctor should be regularly monitoring you and might diagnose decompensated cirrhosis or chronic liver failure as your condition gets worse.</p> <p>Some people are not known to have liver disease but suddenly become very unwell and have very abnormal blood test results that might show acute liver failure. This requires urgent hospital admission to find out why the liver has failed, and to start treatment to help you recover.</p> <a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-failure/liver-transplant/" class="btn" style="" target="">Read more about having a liver transplant</a> <hr /> <h2>How is liver failure treated?</h2> <p>Many people with severe chronic or acute liver failure will need to spend some time in intensive care so that the medical team can treat all the complications at the same time and allow the liver to recover. In some circumstances, if your medical team think the liver won鈥檛 recover, they may recommend a liver transplant.</p> <p>The medical team will treat any complications you might have. For example, there are treatments for fluid in the belly (ascites), bleeding, kidney problems and infections.</p> <p>If you are really drowsy or unconscious because of liver failure, a tube may be placed into your windpipe to allow a machine to move air in and out of your lungs.</p> <p>If the liver failure is caused by paracetamol poisoning, you will be given an antidote called N-acetylcysteine via a drip. This helps to clear the toxins out of your body. If you get this medicine early enough after a paracetamol overdose, liver failure may be prevented.</p> <p>In other situations, specific treatments in hospital can treat the cause of liver failure and allow the liver to recover.</p> <p>If your liver failure is caused by alcohol, it is really important to never drink again. Your doctors may recommend medicine or support to help you stop drinking. Your liver function may recover if you avoid alcohol.</p> <hr /> <h2>What to do next</h2> <p>If you have had liver failure, it is important to avoid anything that can cause further damage to the liver. It is important you have regular checkups with your healthcare team.</p> <a href="https://liver.org.au/living-well/" class="btn" style="" target="">Read more about living well</a> <p> </p> <div class="accordion accordion-a" id="accordion-1" style=""><div class="accordion-item" id="references"><div class="accordion-handle"><h3>References</h3></div><div class="accordion-content"><p>Hey P, Hanrahan TP, Sinclair M, Testro AG, Angus PW, Peterson A, Warrillow S, Bellomo R, Perini MV, Starkey G, Jones RM, Fink M, McClure T, Gow P. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31388400/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Epidemiology and outcomes of acute liver failure in Australia</a>. World J Hepatol. 2019 Jul 27;11(7):586-595. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i7.586. PMID: 31388400; PMCID: PMC6669190.</p> <p>Medical News Today. <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/liver-failure-stages#summary" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What to know about liver failure and liver disease stages</a>.</p> <p>NSW Emergency Care Institute. <a href="https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/networks/eci/clinical/clinical-tools/gastroenterology/chronic-liver-failure#heading5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chronic Liver Failure</a>.</p> <p>WebMD. <a href="https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-liver-failure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What Is Liver Failure?</a></p> </div></div></div> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 13px;">Reviewed November 2022</span></p> </div> <div id="sidebar-default" class="sidebar sidebar-a"> <div class="widget widget_nav_menu"> <h3 class="widget-title"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/">Your Liver</a></h3> <ul><li class="page_item page-item-47 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/about-the-liver/">About The Liver</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-125"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/about-the-liver/common-myths/">Common Myths</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-49 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/">Symptoms</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-1936"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/abdominal-pain-belly-ache/">Abdominal pain (belly ache)</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1942"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/appetite-loss/">Appetite loss</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1950"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/ascites-swollen-belly/">Ascites (swollen belly)</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1955"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/bruising/">Bruising</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1960"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/fatigue/">Fatigue</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2595"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/hepatic-encephalopathy/">Hepatic Encephalopathy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1967"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/infections/">Infections</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1972"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/itching/">Itching</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2588"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/jaundice/">Jaundice</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1977"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/memory-problems/">Memory problems</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1982"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/nausea-and-vomiting/">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1986"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/symptoms/sleep-problems/">Sleep problems</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-51 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/">Liver Diseases</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2514"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/alagille-syndrome/">Alagille Syndrome</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2501"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency/">Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-135"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis/">Autoimmune Hepatitis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-137"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/biliary-atresia/">Biliary Atresia</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2437"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/">Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-139"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cirrhosis/">Cirrhosis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-133"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease/">Fatty Liver Disease</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-141"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/gilberts-syndrome/">Gilberts Syndrome</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-145"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/haemochromatosis/">Haemochromatosis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-147"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/hepatitis-a/">Hepatitis A</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-149"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/hepatitis-b/">Hepatitis B</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-151"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/hepatitis-c/">Hepatitis C</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-143"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/liver-cancer-hcc/">Liver Cancer – HCC</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-153"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/liver-lesions/">Liver Lesions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2211"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis-2/">Primary Biliary Cholangitis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-159"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/">Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-157"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/pfic/">PFIC (Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis)</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-161"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/wilsons-disease/">Wilson’s Disease</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-53 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/new-to-liver-disease/">New To Liver Disease</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-163"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/new-to-liver-disease/can-liver-damage-be-reversed/">Can Liver Damage Be Reversed?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-167"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-terms-explained/">Liver Terms Explained</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-57 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/treatments/">Tests and treatments</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-177"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/treatments/liver-tests-explained/">Liver Tests Explained</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-181"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/treatments/liver-transplant/">Liver Transplant</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-165"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/treatments/health-professionals-you-might-see/">Health Professionals You Might See</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2844"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/treatments/what-to-ask-your-doctor/">What To Ask Your Doctor</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-175"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/treatments/clinical-trials/">Clinical Trials</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-2550 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/advanced-liver-disease/">Advanced Liver Disease</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2778"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/advanced-liver-disease/medications/">Medications</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-179"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/advanced-liver-disease/palliative-care/">Supportive and Palliative Care</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2566"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/advanced-liver-disease/end-of-life-care/">End-of-Life Care</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-59 current_page_item"><a href="https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-failure/" aria-current="page">Liver Failure</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div 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