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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Name given to a work of art</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg/220px-Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg/330px-Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg/440px-Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Pieces of art with titles of different kinds, none of them given by the artist. Clockwise from upper left: an 1887 <a href="/wiki/Self-portrait" title="Self-portrait">self-portrait</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>; a female ancestor figure by a <a href="/wiki/Chokwe_people" title="Chokwe people">Chokwe</a> artist; detail from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Venus" title="The Birth of Venus">The Birth of Venus</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1484–1486) by <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>; and an Okinawan <a href="/wiki/Shisa" title="Shisa">Shisa</a> lion</figcaption></figure> <p>In art, a <b>title</b> is a word or phrase used to identify and distinguish a particular <a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">work of art</a>. These titles can be descriptive, indicative of the content or theme of the work, or they can be more abstract and open to interpretation. Titles can be designated by the <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artists</a> themselves, or by <a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">curators</a> or other third parties, and can affect reception and <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">interpretation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, only <a href="/wiki/Works_of_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Works of art">works of art</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fine_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine arts">fine arts</a> are titled, but convenient descriptive titles may be needed for works in the <a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">decorative arts</a>, for cataloging, museum labels and similar fields. </p><p>It may be discovered or argued that the subject of a work has been wrongly identified. A <a href="/wiki/Salome_(Titian,_Rome)" title="Salome (Titian, Rome)">painting by Titian</a> has been argued to show both <i><a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Judith_beheading_Holofernes" title="Judith beheading Holofernes">Judith with the Head of Holofernes</a></i>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Arnolfini_Portrait" title="Arnolfini Portrait">Arnolfini Portrait</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> has been given several different titles by the museum over recent decades, as opinions as to the nature of the occasion and the people shown have changed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_curation">History and curation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artwork_title&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and curation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the ancient world, artworks were not typically given a <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper title</a>, the identification of something like a <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">cult image</a> being self-evident in a particular <a href="/wiki/Social_environment" title="Social environment">sociocultural context</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> akin to the concept of the <i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Man%27s_Bible" title="Poor Man's Bible">Poor Man's Bible</a></i>. They were sometimes inscribed by <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigraphy</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Signature#Art" title="Signature">signature of the artist</a> and/or the subject of the piece such as a <a href="/wiki/Titulus_(inscription)" title="Titulus (inscription)"><i>titulus</i></a>, but a <i>titulus</i> served simple utilitarian functions and was not a true title.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent <a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">art history</a>, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)#Art_history" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Pliny's chapters</a> that gave common names to works such as by <a href="/wiki/Praxiteles" title="Praxiteles">Praxiteles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relatively small group of narrative religious subjects in Western <a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">medieval art</a> were and are referred to by the standard names for an event shown, and used in theological and devotional literature.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The need for an agreed-upon title only emerged in a Western context in the 18th century, with more secular subjects, and more printed literature of <a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">art criticism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> cataloging of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_from_the_18th_century" title="List of museums from the 18th century">first museums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition#History" title="Art exhibition">first exhibitions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern times, titles of artworks are usually chosen by the artist. They can also have been assigned by galleries, <a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">private collectors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">printmakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">art dealers</a>, or curators, this historical process being the subject of a book by <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Yeazell" title="Ruth Yeazell">Ruth Yeazell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some works are titled with a simple descriptive phrase, for example <i><a href="/wiki/The_Train_in_the_Snow" title="The Train in the Snow">The Train in the Snow</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Sunflowers_(Van_Gogh_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)">Sunflowers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>. Other works may use more abstract or symbolic titles, for example <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scream" title="The Scream">The Scream</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persistence_of_Memory" title="The Persistence of Memory">The Persistence of Memory</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dali" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Dali">Salvador Dali</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">onomastician</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Room" title="Adrian Room">Adrian Room</a> compiled an encyclopedic dictionary in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John C. Welchman has written <i>Invisible Colors</i> as a critical history of modern titles, after an aphorism by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg/220px-Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg/330px-Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg/440px-Untitled_MET_DT7776.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3988" /></a><figcaption><i>Untitled</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a> (1914)</figcaption></figure> <p>Some artworks have had their <a href="/wiki/Museum_label" title="Museum label">museum label</a> names changed as new <a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">art history</a> research emerges<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as a modification of an offensive or <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> name.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curating institutions are responsible for thorough documentation of all title variants, including <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">translations</a> of an artwork title into one or more languages.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a proper title is considered the default for modern works, others may be designated "<a href="/wiki/Untitled_(disambiguation)#Artworks" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Untitled (disambiguation)">Untitled</a>" (by secondary sources or by the artist as a conscious choice), and are sometimes also assigned a parenthetical name for clarity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Origine_du_monde" title="L'Origine du monde">L'Origine du monde</a></i> (1866), to Marcel Duchamp's <a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)"><i>Fountain</i></a> (1916) and <i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i> (1919), to <a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Freytag-Loringhoven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morton_Livingston_Schamberg" title="Morton Livingston Schamberg">Schamberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/God_(sculpture)" title="God (sculpture)"><i>God</i></a> 1917, to <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Cattelan" title="Maurizio Cattelan">Maurizio Cattelan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/America_(Cattelan)" title="America (Cattelan)"><i>America</i></a> (2016), artists have used artwork titles to provide additional meaning and/or context to their works of art.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_criticism">Art criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artwork_title&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Art criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title of a work of art can have an impact on its reception and <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">aesthetic interpretation</a>, and can also be an aspect of the artist's overall vision for the piece. This can be particularly the case for <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, the title of a work of art may be a quote or <a href="/wiki/Homage_(arts)" title="Homage (arts)">homage</a> to another work of art or literature. Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Ekphrasis" title="Ekphrasis">ekphrastic</a> literature often repurposes the title of an artwork.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philosophically, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a> compared an artwork's title to a <a href="/wiki/Parergon" title="Parergon">parergon</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and considered it similarly to a <a href="/wiki/Simulacrum" title="Simulacrum">simulacrum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Jean-Luc Nancy</a> took a comparable approach.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title of a work of art is a part of its identity and can influence its reception and interpretation by audiences, as noted by art critic <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Danto" title="Arthur Danto">Arthur Danto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who made a thought experiment of a particular abstract mural being named after either the first or third of <a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion">Newton's laws of motion</a>; however, titles can be more impactful on the interpretation of some works than others.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artwork_title&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artworks_known_in_English_by_a_foreign_title" title="List of artworks known in English by a foreign title">List of artworks known in English by a foreign title</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artwork_title&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYeazell2015" class="citation book cs1">Yeazell, Ruth Bernard (2015-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j7lKCAAAQBAJ"><i>Picture Titles: How and Why Western Paintings Acquired Their Names</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7346-3"><bdi>978-1-4008-7346-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picture+Titles%3A+How+and+Why+Western+Paintings+Acquired+Their+Names&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7346-3&rft.aulast=Yeazell&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj7lKCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2008" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2008-08-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YNRWAAAAYAAJ"><i>A Dictionary of Art Titles: The Origins of the Names and Titles of 3,000 Works of Art</i></a>. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3889-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3889-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-3889-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Art+Titles%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Names+and+Titles+of+3%2C000+Works+of+Art&rft.pub=McFarland%2C+Incorporated%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3889-1&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYNRWAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Arnolfini Wedding</i>, <i>The Arnolfini Marriage</i>, the <i>Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife</i>, and other titles</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeuss2016" class="citation book cs1">Geuss, Raymond (2016-03-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7n-gCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT219"><i>Reality and Its Dreams</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-96895-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-96895-0"><bdi>978-0-674-96895-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reality+and+Its+Dreams&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.isbn=978-0-674-96895-0&rft.aulast=Geuss&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7n-gCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbles2019" class="citation web cs1">Ables, Kelsey (2019-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-artworks-untitled">"Why Many Artworks Are Untitled"</a>. <i>Artsy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artsy&rft.atitle=Why+Many+Artworks+Are+Untitled&rft.date=2019-07-04&rft.aulast=Ables&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsy.net%2Farticle%2Fartsy-editorial-artworks-untitled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/titre-des-oeuvres-d-art/">"TITRE DES ŒUVRES D'ART - Encyclopædia Universalis"</a>. <i>www.universalis.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.universalis.fr&rft.atitle=TITRE+DES+%C5%92UVRES+D%27ART+-+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Universalis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalis.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Ftitre-des-oeuvres-d-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΠαλαγιάPollittStaff1999" class="citation book cs1">Παλαγιά, Όλγα; Pollitt, J. J.; Staff, Department of Classics, Yale University (1999-01-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7qSsh7agZxEC&pg=PA8"><i>Personal Styles in Greek Sculpture</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65738-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65738-9"><bdi>978-0-521-65738-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Styles+in+Greek+Sculpture&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999-01-21&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65738-9&rft.aulast=%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC&rft.aufirst=%CE%8C%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1&rft.au=Pollitt%2C+J.+J.&rft.au=Staff%2C+Department+of+Classics%2C+Yale+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7qSsh7agZxEC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilds2018" class="citation book cs1">Childs, William A. 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Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-5933-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-5933-2"><bdi>978-1-4438-5933-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picturing+the+Language+of+Images&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-5933-2&rft.aulast=Petit&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlZ4xBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeikkilä2021" class="citation book cs1">Heikkilä, Martta (2021-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Z83EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210"><i>Deconstruction and the Work of Art: Visual Arts and Their Critique in Contemporary French Thought</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7936-1905-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7936-1905-1"><bdi>978-1-7936-1905-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deconstruction+and+the+Work+of+Art%3A+Visual+Arts+and+Their+Critique+in+Contemporary+French+Thought&rft.pages=2010&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft.isbn=978-1-7936-1905-1&rft.aulast=Heikkil%C3%A4&rft.aufirst=Martta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Z83EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpaid2020" class="citation book cs1">Spaid, Sue (2020-10-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pP4GEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT126"><i>The Philosophy of Curatorial Practice: Between Work and World</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-11491-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-11491-3"><bdi>978-1-350-11491-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Curatorial+Practice%3A+Between+Work+and+World&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-350-11491-3&rft.aulast=Spaid&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpP4GEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavedoff1999" class="citation book cs1">Savedoff, Barbara (1999-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T6VaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA251">"The Art Object"</a>. In Dayton, Eric (ed.). <i>Art and Interpretation: An Anthology of Readings in Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art</i>. Broadview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-190-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-190-2"><bdi>978-1-55111-190-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Art+Object&rft.btitle=Art+and+Interpretation%3A+An+Anthology+of+Readings+in+Aesthetics+and+the+Philosophy+of+Art&rft.pub=Broadview+Press&rft.date=1999-02-02&rft.isbn=978-1-55111-190-2&rft.aulast=Savedoff&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT6VaDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtwork+title" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> output pasted into the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&oldid=1125818376">initial revision of this article</a></span>. 6 December 2022. – via <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Art_world" title="Template:Art world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_world" title="Template talk:Art world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artwork title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name" title="List of painters by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most expensive artworks by living artists">works by living artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a 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