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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Detailed version</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Detailed_version-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Detailed version subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Detailed_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basal_angiosperms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basal_angiosperms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Basal angiosperms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basal_angiosperms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnoliids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnoliids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Magnoliids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnoliids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_lineage:_unplaced_to_more_inclusive_clade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_lineage:_unplaced_to_more_inclusive_clade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_lineage:_unplaced_to_more_inclusive_clade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monocots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monocots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Monocots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monocots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Probable_sister_of_eudicots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Probable_sister_of_eudicots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Probable sister of eudicots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Probable_sister_of_eudicots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eudicots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eudicots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Eudicots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eudicots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Core_eudicots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_eudicots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Core eudicots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Core_eudicots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superrosids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superrosids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Superrosids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superrosids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rosids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Rosids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fabids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1.1</span> <span>Fabids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COM_clade;_placement_uncertain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COM_clade;_placement_uncertain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1.1.1</span> <span>COM clade; placement uncertain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COM_clade;_placement_uncertain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malvids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malvids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1.2</span> <span>Malvids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malvids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superasterids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superasterids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Superasterids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superasterids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asterids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asterids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Asterids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asterids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lamiids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lamiids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1.1</span> <span>Lamiids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lamiids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campanulids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campanulids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1.2</span> <span>Campanulids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campanulids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_APG_IV" title="Sistem APG IV – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sistem APG IV" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_APG_IV" title="Sistema APG IV – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema APG IV" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A9m_APG_IV" title="Systém APG IV – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Systém APG IV" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV-systemet" title="APG IV-systemet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="APG IV-systemet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_clasificaci%C3%B3n_APG_IV" title="Sistema de clasificación APG IV – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de clasificación APG IV" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_APG_IV" title="Classification APG IV – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification APG IV" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV_%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98_%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%84" title="APG IV 분류 체계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="APG IV 분류 체계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustav_APG_IV" title="Sustav APG IV – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sustav APG IV" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_klasifikasi_APG_IV" title="Sistem klasifikasi APG IV – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem klasifikasi APG IV" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificazione_APG_IV" title="Classificazione APG IV – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classificazione APG IV" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV-rendszer" title="APG IV-rendszer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="APG IV-rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV-systeem" title="APG IV-systeem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="APG IV-systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV" title="APG IV – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="APG IV" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV-systemet" title="APG IV-systemet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="APG IV-systemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_APG_IV" title="System APG IV – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System APG IV" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_APG_IV" title="Sistema APG IV – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema APG IV" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_APG_IV" title="Система APG IV – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система APG IV" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A9m_APG_IV" title="Systém APG IV – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Systém APG IV" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_4" title="பூக்கும் தாவரத் தொகுதிமரபு குழும முறைமை 4 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பூக்கும் தாவரத் தொகுதிமரபு குழும முறைமை 4" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asismel_n_APG_IV" title="Asismel n APG IV – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asismel n APG IV" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/APG_IV_sistemi" title="APG IV sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="APG IV sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_APG_IV" title="Система APG IV – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система APG IV" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_APG_IV" title="Hệ thống APG IV – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống APG IV" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9APG_IV%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="被子植物APG IV分類法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="被子植物APG IV分類法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24895148#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="APG IV">APG IV</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2016 revision of a flowering plant classification</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angiosperm_floral_evolution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Angiosperm_floral_evolution.png/500px-Angiosperm_floral_evolution.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Angiosperm_floral_evolution.png/750px-Angiosperm_floral_evolution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Angiosperm_floral_evolution.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of angiosperms shown in diagram format, per APG IV</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>APG IV system</b> of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">molecular</a>-based, <a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">system of plant taxonomy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (angiosperms) being developed by the <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the <a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first <a href="/wiki/APG_system" title="APG system">APG system</a> was published in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (<a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a>), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Short_version">Short version</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Short version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Chloranthidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chloranthales17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Lilidae</b> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">Orchidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Ceratophyllidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ceratophyllales19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rosids97" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vitales11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asterids99" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_families" title="Category:Angiosperm families">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detailed_version">Detailed version</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Detailed version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Key to symbols used: </p> <dl><dd>* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the <a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> of 2009</dd> <dd>† = the order has been added since the APG III system</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basal_angiosperms"><a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal angiosperms</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basal angiosperms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a> <small>Melikyan et al.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a> <small>Pichon, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a> <small>Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydatellaceae" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a> <small>U.Hamann</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a> <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a> <small>Croizat, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a> <small>Gibbs, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnoliids"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Magnoliids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a> <small>Cronq.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a> <small>Mart., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a> <small>Giseke, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (including Asaraceae <small>Vent.</small>, Hydnoraceae <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small>, Lactoridaceae <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a> <small>I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a> <small>Diels, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a> <small>Orb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a> <small>Schodde</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a> <small>Reiche, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_lineage:_unplaced_to_more_inclusive_clade">Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a> <small>Mart.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monocots"><a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Monocots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a> <small>Mart.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a> <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a> <small>F.Rudolphi, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a> <small>Planch., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a> <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a> <small>Vines, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a> <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a> <small>Vines, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a> <small>Takht.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a> <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a> <small>Mart.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a> <small>Fr. ex Bjurzon</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small> (not monophyletic.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a> <small>Gardner, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a> <small>Caruel, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a> <small>Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a> <small>Perleb</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Beccari" title="Odoardo Beccari">Becc.</a>, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a> <small>Hutch, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a> <small>Conran & Clifford</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a> <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">Orchidaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a> <small>M.W.Chase et al.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a> <small>H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small> (as 'Ixiolirionaceae'; spelling corrected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a> <small>Leyb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a> <small>M.W.Chase et al.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons. prop.</small> (including Xanthorrhoeaceae <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> <small>Bromhead</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small> (=Palmae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a> <small>Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a> <small>Link, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a> <small>Griseb.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a> <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a> <small>Ridl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a> <small>Vines</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> <small>Small</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> * (including Anarthriaceae <small>D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small>, Centrolepidaceae <small>Endl., nom. cons.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a> <small>Toml. & A.C.Sm.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a> <small>D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> <small>Barnhart, nom. cons.</small> (= Gramineae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Probable_sister_of_eudicots">Probable sister of eudicots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Probable sister of eudicots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a> <small>Gray, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eudicots"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eudicots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a> <small>K.Wilh., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a> <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a> <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a> <small>T.Lestib., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a> <small>Takht. ex Cronq.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a> <small>Eichler, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small> * (including Haptanthaceae <small>C.Nelson</small>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_eudicots"><a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">Core eudicots</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Core eudicots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a> <small>Nied., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Meissner" title="Carl Meissner">Meisn.</a>, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a> <small>DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> † <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a> <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superrosids"><a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Superrosids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a> <small>Kuhlm., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a> <small>Raf., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a> <small>Müll.Arg., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a> <small>Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a> <small>Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rosids"><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rosids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Fabids">Fabids</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fabids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a> <small>Bromhead</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a> <small>D.Don</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= Leguminosae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a> <small>Arn., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a> <small>Rendle, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a> <small>Gaudich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> <small>Engl.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a> <small>Kuprian.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a> <small>DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a> <small>Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a> <small>Gray, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a> <small>Tiegh. ex Takht.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a> <small>Ridl.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="COM_clade"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="COM_clade;_placement_uncertain"><span id="COM_clade.3B_placement_uncertain"></span>COM clade; placement uncertain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: COM clade; placement uncertain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a> <small>J. Leonard, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a> <small>A.Chev.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a> <small>Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons.</small> * (including Allantospermum <small>Forman</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a> <small>Exell & Mendonça</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a> <small>Pers., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a> <small>L.Beauvis. ex Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= Guttiferae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a> <small>Voigt, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a> <small>H.Pfeiff.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a> <small>Meisn.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a> <small>Doweld & Reveal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a> <small>Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a> <small>Baill., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a> <small>Marc.-Berti</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a> <small>Harms, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a> <small>Batsch, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a> <small>Miers</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a> <small>Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a> <small>Mart., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a> <small>Klotzsch</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a> <small>DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a> <small>Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a> <small>Small, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Malvids">Malvids</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Malvids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (including Bersamaceae <small>Doweld</small>, Greyiaceae <small>Hutch., nom. cons.</small>, Ledocarpaceae <small>Meyen</small>, Melianthaceae <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small>, Rhynchothecaceae <small>A.Juss.</small>, Vivianiaceae <small>Klotzsch, nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a> <small>A.St.-Hil., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a> <small>A.DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a> <small>S.A.Graham</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a> <small>Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a> <small>A.DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a> <small>Tiegh., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a> <small>S.H.Oh & D.Potter</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a> <small>Doweld</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a> <small>Fernando & Quinn</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a> <small>Doweld</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a> <small>M.H.Alford</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a> <small>Christenh. et al.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a> <small>Merr., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a> <small>Schnizl.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> (including Xanthocerataceae <small>Buerki et al.</small>, as 'Xanthoceraceae')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a> <small>A.Rich.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a> <small>C.Bayer et al.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a> <small>Kostel., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a> <small>Bullock</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (including <i>Pakaraimaea</i> <small>Maguire & P.S.Ashton</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a> <small>Caruel, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small> *</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a> <small>Bromhead</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a> <small>Stapf, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a> <small>Iltis</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a> <small>Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a> <small>Pax, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a> <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a> <small>A.Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small> * (including Borthwickiaceae <small>J.X.Su et al.</small>, Stixidaceae <small>Doweld</small> as 'Stixaceae', <i>Forchhammeria</i> <small>Liebm.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a> <small>Burnett, nom. cons.</small> (= Cruciferae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superasterids"><a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Superasterids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a> <small>Doweld</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> (not monophyletic; including Aptandraceae <small>Miers</small>, Coulaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>, Erythropalaceae <small>Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons.</small>, Octoknemaceae <small>Soler. nom. cons.</small>, Strombosiaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>, Ximeniaceae <small>Horan.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a> <small>Valeton, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a> <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> (not monophyletic if Balanophoraceae are embedded; including Amphorogynaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Cervantesiaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Comandraceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Nanodeaceae <small>Nickrent & Der</small>, Thesiaceae <small>Vest</small>, Viscaceae <small>Batsch</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a> <small>Desv., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a> <small>Link, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a> <small>Salisb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a> <small>Dumort, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a> <small>Chrtek et al.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a> <small>Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a> <small>Prance</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a> <small>Tiegh.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a> <small>Christenh.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a> <small>Schäferhoff & Borsch</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a> <small>Heimerl, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a> <small>Shipunov ex Reveal</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a> <small>Doweld & Reveal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a> <small>Christenh.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh</small> * (including Rivinaceae <small>C.Agardh</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a> <small>Behnke</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a> <small>Bartl., nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a> <small>Raf.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a> <small>Radlk., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a> <small>Raf., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a> <small>S.Soriano</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a> <small>Eggli & Nyffeler</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asterids"><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Asterids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a> <small>Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a> <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a> <small>DC., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a> <small>A.Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a> <small>Gürke, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a> <small>Mirb., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a> <small>Desf., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a> <small>DC. & Spreng., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a> <small>Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a> <small>Klotzsch, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a> <small>Makino, nom. cons.</small> (placement in order unclear)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lamiids">Lamiids</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lamiids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a> <small>Tiegh.</small> † <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a> <small>Kobuski ex Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a> <small>Miers, nom. cons.</small> *</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a> <small>Takht.</small> † <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a> <small>H.Karst. ex Schnizl.</small> *</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a> <small>Mart.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a> <small>Engl., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a> <small>L.Struwe & V.A.Albert</small> * (including Pteleocarpaceae <small>Brummitt</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> † <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small> (including Codonaceae <small>Weigend & Hilger</small>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a> <small>Doweld</small> † <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a> <small>Dandy</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a> <small>Nakai, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a> <small>T.Baskerv., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> <small>Bromhead</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a> <small>Wettst.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a> <small>Olmstead</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a> <small>Rich. & Juss., nom. cons.</small> * (the position of <i>Peltanthera</i> <small>Benth.</small> is problematic and here considered unplaced to family)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a> <small>Kunth, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a> <small>Borsch et al.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a> <small>Domin, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a> <small>Horan., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a> <small>Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a> <small>Reveal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a> <small>Sreem.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a> <small>J.St.Hil., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a> <small>Martinov, nom. cons.</small> (= Labiatae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a> <small>Reveal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a> <small>Schauer, nom. cons.</small> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a> <small>Vent., nom. cons.</small> * (including Lindenbergiaceae <small>Doweld</small>, Rehmanniaceae <small>Reveal</small>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Campanulids">Campanulids</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Campanulids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a> <small>Senft</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a> <small>Kårehed</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a> <small>Blume, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a> <small>Small</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a> <small>Decne.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a> <small>J.Agardh, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a> <small>Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</small> (= Compositae <small>Giseke, nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a> <small>Link</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a> <small>Dumort.</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a> <small>D.Don, nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a> <small>E.Mey., nom. cons.</small> (= Viburnaceae <small>Raf., nom. cons. prop.</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> <small>Nakai</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a> <small>Hu</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a> <small>Takht., nom. cons. prop.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a> <small>R.Br., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a> <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> <small>Lindl., nom. cons.</small> (= Umbelliferae <small>Juss., nom. cons.</small>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> for the angiosperms, as shown below.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:110%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Core_angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Core angiosperms">Core angiosperms</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">magnoliids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">monocots</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">commelinids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>(<a href="#PENTA">continued</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="PENTA"></span> </p><div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:110%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Pentapetalae" title="Pentapetalae">Pentapetalae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">superrosids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">rosids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">fabids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">malvids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">superasterids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">asterids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">campanulids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">lamiids</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG_IV2016">APG IV (2016)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009">Haston et al. (2009)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG_IV20165_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG_IV2016">APG IV (2016)</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeHilgerStevens2019_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColeHilgerStevens2019">Cole, Hilger & Stevens (2019)</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAPG_III2009" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">105–</span>121, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083">10654/18083</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+III&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10654%2F18083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAPG+IV+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAPG_IV2016" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a></i>, <b>181</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385">10.1111/boj.12385</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+IV&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fboj.12385&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAPG+IV+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHastonRichardsonStevensChase2009" class="citation cs2">Haston, E.; Richardson, J.E.; Stevens, P.F.; Chase, M.W. & Harris, D.J. (2009), "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">128–</span>131, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.01000.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=The+Linear+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+%28LAPG%29+III%3A+a+linear+sequence+of+the+families+in+APG+III&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.01000.x&rft.aulast=Haston&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+P.F.&rft.au=Chase%2C+M.W.&rft.au=Harris%2C+D.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAPG+IV+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFay2016" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Fay" title="Michael Francis Fay">Fay, Michael</a> (9 May 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805051050/http://www.kew.org/discover/blogs/kew-science/apg-classification-consensus">"APG - classification by consensus"</a>, <i>Kew Science</i>, <a href="/wiki/RBG_Kew" class="mw-redirect" title="RBG Kew">RBG Kew</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/discover/blogs/kew-science/apg-classification-consensus">the original</a> on 2016-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kew+Science&rft.atitle=APG+-+classification+by+consensus&rft.date=2016-05-09&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fdiscover%2Fblogs%2Fkew-science%2Fapg-classification-consensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAPG+IV+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColeHilgerStevens2019" class="citation cs2">Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d3amtssd1tejdt.cloudfront.net/2019/2320/6/APP-E-2019-V3-PPA.pdf"><i>Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Poster+-+Flowering+Plant+Systematics&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Theodor+C.H.&rft.au=Hilger%2C+Hartmut+H.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Peter+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd3amtssd1tejdt.cloudfront.net%2F2019%2F2320%2F6%2FAPP-E-2019-V3-PPA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAPG+IV+system" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy753" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="Template:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="Template talk:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">List of systems of plant taxonomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by <a href="/wiki/Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley</a> in his 1853 edition, and <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dahlgren" title="Rolf Dahlgren">Dahlgren</a> (1982). Examples include the works of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Scopoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pierre_Ventenat" title="Étienne Pierre Ventenat">Ventenat</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Batsch" title="August Batsch">Batsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/August_Grisebach" title="August Grisebach">Grisebach</a>.</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Linnaean753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="John_Ray_system_(1686–1704)42" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_Ray" title="John Ray">John Ray system (1686–1704)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>A discourse on the seeds of plants</i></li> <li><i>Methodus plantarum nova</i></li> <li><i>De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis</i></li> <li><i>Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/41px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/62px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/83px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="2342" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Darwinian753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean system (1735–51)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genera_Plantarum" title="Genera Plantarum">Genera Plantarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_Botanica" title="Philosophia Botanica">Philosophia Botanica</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adanson_system" title="Adanson system">Adanson system (1763)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Familles naturelles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De_Jussieu_system" title="De Jussieu system">De Jussieu system (1789)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De_Candolle_system" title="De Candolle system">De Candolle system (1819–24)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire_de_la_botanique" class="mw-redirect" title="Théorie élémentaire de la botanique">Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux</a></i></li> <li><i>Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Berchtold" title="Friedrich von Berchtold">Berchtold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">Presl</a><br /> system (1820–1823)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/O_Prirozenosti_Rostlin" class="mw-redirect" title="O Prirozenosti Rostlin">O Prirozenosti Rostlin</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Adolph_Agardh" title="Carl Adolph Agardh">Agardh system (1825)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classes Plantarum</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Gray system (1821)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Natural Arrangement of British Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Julius_Perleb" title="Karl Julius Perleb">Perleb system (1826)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Charles_Joseph_Dumortier" title="Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier">Dumortier system (1829)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Analyse des familles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley system (1830–45)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</i></li> <li><i>The Vegetable Kingdom</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/George_Don" title="George Don">Don system (1834)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>General History of Dichlamydious Plants</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bentham_%26_Hooker_system" title="Bentham & Hooker system">Bentham & Hooker system<br />(1862–83)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Ernest_Baillon" title="Henri Ernest Baillon">Baillon system (1867–94)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Histoire des plantes</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Post-Darwinian_(Phyletic)753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post-<a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> (Phyletic)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nineteenth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eichler_system" title="Eichler system">Eichler system (1875–1886)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert</i></li> <li><i>Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engler_system" title="Engler system">Engler system (1886–1924)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien">Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li> <li><i>Das Pflanzenreich</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_van_Tieghem" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe van Tieghem">van Tieghem system (1891)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de botanique</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twentieth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_von_Dalla_Torre" title="Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre">Dalla Torre & Harms<br /> system (1900–07)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_Warming" title="Eugenius Warming">Warming system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Haandbog i den systematiske botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hallier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Hallier">Hallier system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bessey_system" title="Bessey system">Bessey system (1915)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wettstein_system" title="Wettstein system">Wettstein system (1901–35)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Handbuch der systematischen Botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Paulus_Lotsy" title="Johannes Paulus Lotsy">Lotsy system (1907–11)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_system" title="Hutchinson system">Hutchinson system (1926–73)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Calestani" title="Vittorio Calestani">Calestani system (1933)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yojiro_Kimura" title="Yojiro Kimura">Kimura system (1956)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Emberger" title="Louis Emberger">Emberger system (1960)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de Botanique systématique</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melchior_system" title="Melchior system">Melchior system (1964)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Takhtajan_system" title="Takhtajan system">Takhtajan system (1966–97)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants</i></li> <li><i>Flowering plants: origin and dispersal</i></li> <li><i>Diversity and classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system (1968–81)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>The evolution and classification of flowering plants</i></li> <li><i>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goldberg_system" title="Goldberg system">Goldberg system (1986–89</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dahlgren_system" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren system (1975–85)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorne_system" title="Thorne system">Thorne system (1968–2000)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kubitzki_system" title="Kubitzki system">Kubitzki system (1990–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reveal_system" title="Reveal system">Reveal system (1997)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group_System_(1998–)753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_system" title="APG system">An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants (APG I)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_II_system" title="APG II system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_%26_Reveal_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase & Reveal System">Chase & Reveal System</a> (2009)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Website">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><i><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Plantae (L.)">Plantae</a></i> at Wikispecies • </dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&oldid=1246537025">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=APG_IV_system&oldid=1246537025</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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