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setCookie("ArticleDetailTemplate",TemplateName,1); //alert(getCookie("ArticleDetailTemplate")); } function setCookie(c_name,value,expiredays) { var exdate=new Date(); exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate()+expiredays); //alert(exdate.toGMTString());alert(expiredays); document.cookie=c_name+ "=" +value+ ((expiredays==null) ? "" : ";expires="+exdate.toGMTString()+";path=/"); } function getCookie(c_name) { if (document.cookie.length>0) { c_start=document.cookie.indexOf(c_name + "="); if (c_start!=-1) { c_start=c_start + c_name.length+1; c_end=document.cookie.indexOf(";",c_start); if (c_end==-1) c_end=document.cookie.length; return unescape(document.cookie.substring(c_start,c_end)); } } return ""; } function ShowDivFlowPlayerWithLightBox(PopUpDivID, OverLayDivID, moduleID, imageURL) { if (imageURL != '') { var divSplashClass = document.getElementById('divSplashClass_' + moduleID); if (divSplashClass != null) { divSplashClass.innerHTML = '<style> .flowplayer.is-splash { background: url(' + imageURL + ') no-repeat; background-position:center; background-size : 100% 100%;} </style> '; } } jQuery('.ListVideoPopup_' + moduleID).children().appendTo('#Body'); var PopupDiv = document.getElementById(PopUpDivID); var OverlayDiv = document.getElementById(OverLayDivID); if (PopupDiv != null) { PopupDiv.style.display = "block"; } if (OverlayDiv != null) { OverlayDiv.style.display = "block"; } } function CloseDivFlowPlayerWithLightBox(PopUpDivID, OverLayDivID, ModuleId,VideoID) { var PopupDiv = document.getElementById(PopUpDivID); var OverlayDiv = document.getElementById(OverLayDivID); if (PopupDiv != null) { PopupDiv.style.display = "none"; } if (OverlayDiv != null) { OverlayDiv.style.display = "none"; } try { if (PopUpDivID.indexOf("Embed") != -1) { var divHtml = PopupDiv.innerHTML; PopupDiv.innerHTML = ""; PopupDiv.innerHTML = divHtml; } else { $("#player_" + ModuleId + '_' + VideoID).remove(); $('<div />').attr('id','player_' + ModuleId + '_' + VideoID).appendTo(PopupDiv); } var divSplashClass = document.getElementById('divSplashClass_' + ModuleId); if (divSplashClass != null) { divSplashClass.innerHTML = ""; } } catch (Error) { alert("There was an error in stopping video.please click the video again, stop the video manually and close the popup"); } } //book Mark Functions var pfViewTop = 0; var pf_isSafari = true; var pf_scrollElement = jQuery("html"); if(pf_isSafari) { pf_scrollElement = jQuery("body"); } function BookMarkClick(RefItemID) { pfViewTop = jQuery(pf_scrollElement).scrollTop(); jQuery('#div' + RefItemID).show(); jQuery(pf_scrollElement).scrollTop(jQuery('#pfitem' + RefItemID).offset().top); } function ReturnToBookMark(RefItemID) { jQuery('#div' + RefItemID).hide(); pfViewTop = jQuery(pf_scrollElement).scrollTop(pfViewTop); } function ProcessRSVPButtonClick(ModuleID, EventID, UserID, PortalID, RsvpButtonText, RsvpedButtonText, isRsvpWithFormMaster, FormMasterTabUrl) { var TargetURL = "/DesktopModules/PackFlashPublish/ArticleList/controls/GetTabArticles.aspx/ProcessRSVPClick"; var params = '{ "ModuleID": "' + ModuleID + '" , "EventID": "' + EventID + '" , "UserID": "' + UserID + '" , "PortalID": "' + PortalID + '", "isRsvpWithFormMaster": "' + isRsvpWithFormMaster + '"}'; var RSVPbtn = document.getElementById("RSVP_" + ModuleID + "_" + EventID); if (RSVPbtn != null) { RSVPbtn.value = "process.."; } jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", cache: "true", data: params, url: TargetURL, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "json", success: function(result) { FinalRSVPProcess(result, ModuleID, EventID, RsvpButtonText, RsvpedButtonText, isRsvpWithFormMaster,FormMasterTabUrl); } }); return false; } function FinalRSVPProcess(data, ModuleID, EventID, RsvpButtonText, RsvpedButtonText, isRsvpWithFormMaster, FormMasterTabUrl) { if (data.hasOwnProperty("d")) { data = data.d; } data = jQuery.parseJSON(data); var RSVPbtn = document.getElementById("RSVP_" + ModuleID + "_" + EventID); if (RSVPbtn != null) { if (data.result == "1") { RSVPbtn.value = RsvpedButtonText; RSVPbtn.className = "RsvpedButton"; } else if (data.result == "2") { RSVPbtn.value = RsvpButtonText; RSVPbtn.className = "RsvpButton"; if (isRsvpWithFormMaster) { RSVPbtn.setAttribute("onClick", "javascript:location.href='" + FormMasterTabUrl + "';"); } } } } </script> <div id="dnn_ctr12348_ArticleList_pnlUpdate"> <span id="dnn_ctr12348_ArticleList_ArticleList12348_lblMessage"></span> <div style="display: none;"> Desktop /Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/bulletin-10Oct2024-cover.jpg?width=287&quality=90&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true 67772 <span class="slider-image-title "><span class="slider-image-contenttype "><a href="https://www.aapg.org/publications/journals/bulletin/pfcontenttypeid/120" target="_self">Bulletin Complete Issue</a></span>: </span> <span class="slider-image-tag custom-caption">Bulletin Complete Issue</span> </div> <div class="box landing-page-issue dnnRight"> <a href=''> <noscript data-slimmage><img itemprop="image" class="padded lazy" data-original="http://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/bulletin-10Oct2024-cover.jpg?width=287&quality=90&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true" src="http://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/bulletin-10Oct2024-cover.jpg?width=287&quality=90&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true" alt="AAPG Bulletin"></noscript> </a> <p> <!--<a class="dnnPrimaryAction" href=''>Access the AAPG Bulletin</a>--> <a class="dnnPrimaryAction" href='https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/issue'>Access the AAPG Bulletin</a> </p> </div> <h5>Current Issue: October 2024, v. 108, no. 10</h5> <p>7 articles in this issue.</p> </div> </div><!-- End_Module_12348 --></div></div> </div><div class="DnnModule DnnModule-PackFlash_PublishList DnnModule-12349"><a name="12349"></a> <div class="No_Title_White"><div id="dnn_ctr12349_contentpane"><!-- Start_Module_12349 --><div id="dnn_ctr12349_ModuleContent" class="DNNModuleContent ModPackFlashPublishListC"> <div id="divSplashClass_12349"></div> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> function SetADTCookie(TemplateName) { //alert(TemplateName); setCookie("ArticleDetailTemplate",TemplateName,1); //alert(getCookie("ArticleDetailTemplate")); } function setCookie(c_name,value,expiredays) { var exdate=new Date(); exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate()+expiredays); //alert(exdate.toGMTString());alert(expiredays); document.cookie=c_name+ "=" +value+ ((expiredays==null) ? "" : ";expires="+exdate.toGMTString()+";path=/"); } function getCookie(c_name) { if (document.cookie.length>0) { c_start=document.cookie.indexOf(c_name + "="); if (c_start!=-1) { c_start=c_start + c_name.length+1; c_end=document.cookie.indexOf(";",c_start); if (c_end==-1) c_end=document.cookie.length; return unescape(document.cookie.substring(c_start,c_end)); } } return ""; } function ShowDivFlowPlayerWithLightBox(PopUpDivID, OverLayDivID, moduleID, imageURL) { if (imageURL != '') { var divSplashClass = document.getElementById('divSplashClass_' + moduleID); if (divSplashClass != null) { divSplashClass.innerHTML = '<style> .flowplayer.is-splash { background: url(' + imageURL + ') no-repeat; background-position:center; background-size : 100% 100%;} </style> '; } } jQuery('.ListVideoPopup_' + moduleID).children().appendTo('#Body'); var PopupDiv = document.getElementById(PopUpDivID); var OverlayDiv = document.getElementById(OverLayDivID); if (PopupDiv != null) { PopupDiv.style.display = "block"; } if (OverlayDiv != null) { OverlayDiv.style.display = "block"; } } function CloseDivFlowPlayerWithLightBox(PopUpDivID, OverLayDivID, ModuleId,VideoID) { var PopupDiv = document.getElementById(PopUpDivID); var OverlayDiv = document.getElementById(OverLayDivID); if (PopupDiv != null) { PopupDiv.style.display = "none"; } if (OverlayDiv != null) { OverlayDiv.style.display = "none"; } try { if (PopUpDivID.indexOf("Embed") != -1) { var divHtml = PopupDiv.innerHTML; PopupDiv.innerHTML = ""; PopupDiv.innerHTML = divHtml; } else { $("#player_" + ModuleId + '_' + VideoID).remove(); $('<div />').attr('id','player_' + ModuleId + '_' + VideoID).appendTo(PopupDiv); } var divSplashClass = document.getElementById('divSplashClass_' + ModuleId); if (divSplashClass != null) { divSplashClass.innerHTML = ""; } } catch (Error) { alert("There was an error in stopping video.please click the video again, stop the video manually and close the popup"); } } //book Mark Functions var pfViewTop = 0; var pf_isSafari = true; var pf_scrollElement = jQuery("html"); if(pf_isSafari) { pf_scrollElement = jQuery("body"); } function BookMarkClick(RefItemID) { pfViewTop = jQuery(pf_scrollElement).scrollTop(); jQuery('#div' + RefItemID).show(); jQuery(pf_scrollElement).scrollTop(jQuery('#pfitem' + RefItemID).offset().top); } function ReturnToBookMark(RefItemID) { jQuery('#div' + RefItemID).hide(); pfViewTop = jQuery(pf_scrollElement).scrollTop(pfViewTop); } function ProcessRSVPButtonClick(ModuleID, EventID, UserID, PortalID, RsvpButtonText, RsvpedButtonText, isRsvpWithFormMaster, FormMasterTabUrl) { var TargetURL = "/DesktopModules/PackFlashPublish/ArticleList/controls/GetTabArticles.aspx/ProcessRSVPClick"; var params = '{ "ModuleID": "' + ModuleID + '" , "EventID": "' + EventID + '" , "UserID": "' + UserID + '" , "PortalID": "' + PortalID + '", "isRsvpWithFormMaster": "' + isRsvpWithFormMaster + '"}'; var RSVPbtn = document.getElementById("RSVP_" + ModuleID + "_" + EventID); if (RSVPbtn != null) { RSVPbtn.value = "process.."; } jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", cache: "true", data: params, url: TargetURL, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "json", success: function(result) { FinalRSVPProcess(result, ModuleID, EventID, RsvpButtonText, RsvpedButtonText, isRsvpWithFormMaster,FormMasterTabUrl); } }); return false; } function FinalRSVPProcess(data, ModuleID, EventID, RsvpButtonText, RsvpedButtonText, isRsvpWithFormMaster, FormMasterTabUrl) { if (data.hasOwnProperty("d")) { data = data.d; } data = jQuery.parseJSON(data); var RSVPbtn = document.getElementById("RSVP_" + ModuleID + "_" + EventID); if (RSVPbtn != null) { if (data.result == "1") { RSVPbtn.value = RsvpedButtonText; RSVPbtn.className = "RsvpedButton"; } else if (data.result == "2") { RSVPbtn.value = RsvpButtonText; RSVPbtn.className = "RsvpButton"; if (isRsvpWithFormMaster) { RSVPbtn.setAttribute("onClick", "javascript:location.href='" + FormMasterTabUrl + "';"); } } } } </script> <div id="dnn_ctr12349_ArticleList_pnlUpdate"> <span id="dnn_ctr12349_ArticleList_ArticleList12349_lblMessage"></span> <h5>Ahead of Print</h5> <p>16 accepted manuscripts are published in advance of the printed issues. Updated on 15 August, 2024.</p> </div> </div><!-- End_Module_12349 --></div></div> </div><div class="DnnModule DnnModule-DNN_HTML DnnModule-575 DnnVersionableControl"><a name="575"></a> <div class="No_Title_White"><div id="dnn_ctr575_contentpane"><!-- Start_Module_575 --><style> .DnnModule-575 { display: table; } </style><div id="dnn_ctr575_ModuleContent" class="DNNModuleContent ModDNNHTMLC"> <div id="dnn_ctr575_HtmlModule_lblContent"><!-- <div class="box imgbox300 dnnRight"><img alt="" src="/portals/0/images/Bulletin/2014/05may/may-2014-cover300px.jpg" /> <p><a class="dnnPrimaryAction" href="http://aapg.to/bulletin201405">Access the AAPG Bulletin</a></p> </div> <h5>Current Issue: May 2014</h5> <p><span>9 articles in this issue.</span></p> <h5>Ahead of Print</h5> <p><span class="discreet">33 accepted manuscripts are published in advance of the printed issues. Updated on 05 May 2014.</span></p> --> <h5>2014 Impact Factor:</h5> <p>Impact Factor: 2.606<br /> 5-year Impact Factor: 3.158</p> <p>The AAPG Bulletin is a technical journal that is recognized in the industry as the leading peer-reviewed publication for information on geoscience and the associated technology of the energy industry. 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