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disparities</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: health disparities"> <meta name="keywords" content="health disparities"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="health disparities"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9112</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: health disparities</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9112</span> A Comparative Study of the Evolution of Disparities in Salaries of Hospital Executives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lesley%20Clack">Lesley Clack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Ellison"> Rachel Ellison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Chambers"> Elizabeth Chambers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A belief exists that there are huge gender and racial disparities among hospital CEO’s in the United States, and historically, male, Caucasian healthcare executives have made significantly larger salaries than females and other races. With a recent focus on reducing barriers and disparities in healthcare, it remains to be seen whether there have been changes in these disparities over time. The purpose of this study was to explore disparities among salaries of hospital executives in the United States. Analysis of salary data was conducted utilizing online hospital salary databases. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the significance of the differences. Results indicated that there had been improvements in disparities among some ethnicities. Gender disparities remain the largest gap. The implications of this study are significant for the field of healthcare management as disparities can affect both social dynamics and organizational culture. Understanding where disparities lie is the first step towards bridging the gap and reducing barriers for cultural diversity within healthcare management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title="health care">health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disparities" title=" disparities"> disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executives" title=" executives"> executives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112748/a-comparative-study-of-the-evolution-of-disparities-in-salaries-of-hospital-executives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9111</span> A Case Study of the Influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on Racial and Ethnic Gaps in Behavioral Health Care Access</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantol%20McIntosh">Shantol McIntosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to environmental and underlying health disparities, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an added set of economic implications worldwide. Black and Hispanic individuals are more susceptible to contract COVID-19, and if they do, they are more likely to have a severe case that necessitates hospitalization or results in death (Altarum et al., 2020). The literature shows that disparities in health and health treatment are nothing new as they have been recorded for decades and indicate systemic and structural imbalances rooted in racism and discrimination. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency with which these populations have access to healthcare and treatment. The study will also highlight the key drivers of health disparities. Findings and implications for research and policy will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20and%20ethnic%20disparities" title=" racial and ethnic disparities"> racial and ethnic disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144384/a-case-study-of-the-influence-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-racial-and-ethnic-gaps-in-behavioral-health-care-access" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9110</span> Analysis of Trends in Equity of Maternal Health Care in South India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anushree%20S.%20Panikkassery">Anushree S. Panikkassery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper analyses the pattern and trend of maternal health care in south Indian states. It studies the interstate disparities in terms of maternal health care. It also compares the trends in terms of achieving the target of sustainable development Goal is related to maternal health. The maternal health care (MHC) development is one of the key indicators for the development of health sector in the country and assumes significance from the socioeconomic and developmental perspectives. Maternal health care mainly consists of composite care during pregnancy, child birth as well as postpartum period. Antenatal care, identification, referral and management of high risk pregnancies, safe and healthy child birth and early postnatal care are some of the important issues pertaining to maternal health. Data is collected from national family health survey 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06, and 2015-16. A concentration index is used to study the disparities in equity of maternal health among south Indian states. The study shows that there has been an improvement in maternal health care in south Indian states with Kerala topping among the states. But there exist disparities among the south Indian states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title="antenatal care">antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disparities" title=" disparities"> disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80341/analysis-of-trends-in-equity-of-maternal-health-care-in-south-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9109</span> Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: An Investigation of the Relationship between Race, Ethnicity, Health Care Access, and Health Status</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorcas%20Matowe">Dorcas Matowe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inequality in health care for racial and ethnic minorities continues to be a growing concern for many Americans. Some of the barriers hindering the elimination of health disparities include lack of insurance, socioeconomic status (SES), and racism. This study will specifically focus on the association between some of these factors- health care access, which includes insurance coverage and frequency of doctor visits, race, ethnicity, and health status. The purpose of this study will be to address the following questions: is having health insurance associated with increased doctor visits? Are racial and ethnic minorities with health insurance more or less likely to see a doctor? Is the association between having health insurance moderated by being an ethnic minority? Given the current implications of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, this study will highlight the need to prioritize health care access for minorities and confront institutional racism. Critical Race Theory (CRT) will demonstrate how racism has reinforced these health disparities. This quantitative study design will analyze secondary data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire, a telephone survey conducted annually in all 50 states and three US territories by state health departments in conjunction with the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Non-identifying health-related data is gathered annually from over 400,000 adults 18 years and above about their health status and use of preventative services. Through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the relationship between the predictor variables of health care access, race, and ethnicity, the criterion variable of health status, and the latent variables of emotional support and life satisfaction will be examined. It is hypothesized that there will be an interaction between certain racial and ethnic minorities who went to see a doctor, had insurance coverage, experienced racism, and the quality of their health status, emotional support, and life satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20minorities" title="ethnic minorities">ethnic minorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities" title=" health disparities"> health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20access" title=" health access"> health access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title=" racism"> racism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69453/racial-and-ethnic-health-disparities-an-investigation-of-the-relationship-between-race-ethnicity-health-care-access-and-health-status" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9108</span> Assessing Urban Health Disparities in South Asia: A Comparative Study Using the Urban Health Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiza%20Azam">Fiza Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Zia"> Sahar Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Nazir%20Ali"> Fatima Nazir Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Hanif"> Aysha Hanif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health is a fundamental human right, and a healthy population is essential for the prosperity and sustainable development of any country. This research is aligned with United Nations' Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being. It aims to assess and rank key health indicators across selected South Asian countries. The study focuses on urban areas in these nations, drawing on data from the World Bank’s primary collection of relevant indicators and specific health determinants outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO). These determinants include the physical environment, income and social status, education, social support networks, and personal behavior. To evaluate disparities in urban health across the region, the Urban Health Index (UHI) developed by Georgia State University, USA, is employed, followed by a mapping technique including visualization through a choropleth map to identify the pattern of spatial variations in our key variables, such as socioeconomic indicators across the region. This index serves as a comparative tool to rank health outcomes, where higher UHI values indicate better health conditions. The findings reveal notable disparities across South Asia. Afghanistan, with the lowest UHI score of 0.0423, ranks first, indicating the least favorable urban health conditions. Pakistan follows with a UHI score of 0.1190. Bangladesh and India rank third and fourth with UHI scores of 0.3099 and 0.3250, respectively. The Maldives and Sri Lanka rank fifth and sixth, with UHI scores of 0.3432 and 0.3495. Bhutan is ranked seventh with a score of 0.4750. Nepal, with a UHI score of 0.5012, ranks eighth, indicating the best urban health conditions among the countries studied. The findings of this research are crucial for addressing health disparities, improving living conditions, and enhancing social well-being in the region. These insights can inform policy measures aimed at reducing inequalities and promoting sustainable urban health in South Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20health%20index" title="urban health index">urban health index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities" title=" health disparities"> health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Asia" title=" South Asia"> South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20Health%20Organization" title=" World Health Organization"> World Health Organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Nations" title=" United Nations"> United Nations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20conditions" title=" living conditions"> living conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193018/assessing-urban-health-disparities-in-south-asia-a-comparative-study-using-the-urban-health-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9107</span> Investigating Spatial Disparities in Health Status and Access to Health-Related Interventions among Tribals in Jharkhand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Suraia">Parul Suraia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20Sosan%20Lakra"> Harshit Sosan Lakra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indigenous communities represent some of the most marginalized populations globally, with India labeled as tribals, experiencing particularly pronounced marginalization and a concerning decline in their numbers. These communities often inhabit geographically challenging regions characterized by low population densities, posing significant challenges to providing essential infrastructure services. Jharkhand, a Schedule 5 state, is infamous for its low-level health status due to disparities in access to health care. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the spatial inequalities in healthcare accessibility among tribal populations within the state and pinpoint critical areas requiring immediate attention. Health indicators were selected based on the tribal perspective and association of Sustainable Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) with other SDGs. Focused group discussions in which tribal people and tribal experts were done in order to finalize the indicators. Employing Principal Component Analysis, two essential indices were constructed: the Tribal Health Index (THI) and the Tribal Health Intervention Index (THII). Index values were calculated based on the district-wise secondary data for Jharkhand. The bivariate spatial association technique, Moran’s I was used to assess the spatial pattern of the variables to determine if there is any clustering (positive spatial autocorrelation) or dispersion (negative spatial autocorrelation) of values across Jharkhand. The results helped in facilitating targeting policy interventions in deprived areas of Jharkhand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribal%20health" title="tribal health">tribal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20spatial%20disparities" title=" health spatial disparities"> health spatial disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20status" title=" health status"> health status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jharkhand" title=" Jharkhand"> Jharkhand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173538/investigating-spatial-disparities-in-health-status-and-access-to-health-related-interventions-among-tribals-in-jharkhand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9106</span> Psycho-Social Consequences of Gynecological Health Disparities among Immigrant Women in the USA: An Integrative Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadiza%20Akter">Khadiza Akter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tammy%20Greer"> Tammy Greer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raegan%20Bishop"> Raegan Bishop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An in-depth study of the psycho-social effects of gynecological health disparities among immigrant women in the USA is the goal of this integrative review paper. Immigrant women frequently encounter unique obstacles that have severe psycho-social repercussions when it comes to receiving high-quality gynecological treatment. The review investigates the interaction of psychological, sociological, and health factors that affect the psycho-social effects that immigrant women experience in recognition of the significance of addressing these imbalances. The difficulties that immigrant women face in providing high-quality gynecological treatment in the USA are examined in this study. These difficulties are caused by a variety of psychological issues, including acculturation stress and stigma, as well as by social problems like prejudice, language hurdles, and cultural norms. Additionally, variations in healthcare access and affordability have a role. This study highlights the particular challenges that immigrant women have in receiving high-quality gynecological treatment in the United States. These difficulties are caused by both social problems like language obstacles, cultural norms, and biases, as well as psychological ones like acculturation stress and stigma. Additionally, variations in gynecological care for immigrant women are greatly influenced by variances in healthcare availability and price. To find pertinent research looking at the psychological effects of gynecological health disparities among immigrant women in the USA, a thorough search of numerous databases was done. Numerous approaches, including mixed, quantitative, and qualitative ones, were used in the studies. The important findings from various investigations were extracted and synthesized after they underwent a careful evaluation. In order to lessen these discrepancies and enhance the overall well-being of immigrant women, healthcare professionals, legislators, and researchers must collaborate to create specialized treatments, regulations, and health system reforms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20barriers" title="cultural barriers">cultural barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gynecological%20health%20disparities" title=" gynecological health disparities"> gynecological health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care%20access" title=" health care access"> health care access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrant%20women" title=" immigrant women"> immigrant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-social%20consequences" title=" psycho-social consequences"> psycho-social consequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20stigma" title=" social stigma"> social stigma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168464/psycho-social-consequences-of-gynecological-health-disparities-among-immigrant-women-in-the-usa-an-integrative-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9105</span> The Effects of Racial Cohesion among White and Maori Populations on Healthcare in New Zealand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20C.%20Nash">Thomas C. Nash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New Zealand has a small, yet racially diverse, population of only 4.6 million people, consisting of a majority European immigrant population and a large indigenous Maori population. Because disparities in healthcare often exist among minority populations, it could be expected that the White and Maori populations of New Zealand would have unequal access to healthcare. In order to understand the ways these disparities may present themselves, it became important to travel to New Zealand in order to interview both Western and natural healthcare professionals, public health officials, health activists and Maori people. In observing the various mechanisms within the New Zealand healthcare system, some stand out as effective ways of alleviating the racial disparities often seen in healthcare. These include the efficiency of regional District Health Boards, the benefits of individuals making decisions regarding their treatment plans and the importance of cohesion among the Maori and White populations. In forming a conclusion around these observations, it is evident that the integration of Maori culture into contemporary New Zealand has benefited the healthcare system. This unity has generated support for non-Western medical treatments, in turn forming a healthcare system that creates low barriers to entry for non-traditional forms of healthcare. These low barriers allow individuals to allocate available healthcare resources in ways that are most beneficial for them and are consistent with their tastes and preferences, maximizing efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20and%20complementary%20healthcare" title="alternative and complementary healthcare">alternative and complementary healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20barriers%20to%20entry" title=" low barriers to entry"> low barriers to entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maori%20populations" title=" Maori populations"> Maori populations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20cohesion" title=" racial cohesion"> racial cohesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82517/the-effects-of-racial-cohesion-among-white-and-maori-populations-on-healthcare-in-new-zealand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9104</span> Socioeconomic Disparities in the Prevalence of Obesity in Adults with Diabetes in Israel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yael%20Wolff%20Sagy">Yael Wolff Sagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiska%20Loewenberg%20Weisband"> Yiska Loewenberg Weisband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vered%20Kaufman%20Shriqui"> Vered Kaufman Shriqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Krieger"> Michal Krieger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arie%20Ben%20Yehuda"> Arie Ben Yehuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronit%20Calderon%20Margalit"> Ronit Calderon Margalit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Obesity is both a risk factor and common comorbidity of diabetes. Obesity impedes the achievement of glycemic control, and enhances damage caused by hyperglycemia to blood vessels; thus it increases diabetes-related complications. This study assessed the prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among Israeli adults with diabetes, and estimated disparities associated with sex and socioeconomic position (SEP). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the setting of the Israeli National Program for Quality Indicators in Community Healthcare. Data on all the Israeli population is retrieved from electronic medical records of the four health maintenance organizations (HMOs). The study population included all Israeli patients with diabetes aged 20-64 with documented body mass index (BMI) in 2016 (N=180,451). Diabetes was defined as the existence of one or more of the following criteria: (a) Plasma glucose level >200 mg% in at least two tests conducted at least one month apart in the previous year; (b) HbA1c>6.5% at least once in the previous year (c) at least three prescriptions of diabetes medications were dispensed during the previous year. Two measures were included: the prevalence of obesity (defined as last BMI≥ 30 kg/m2 and <35 kg/m2) and the prevalence of morbid obesity (defined as last BMI≥ 35 kg/m2) in individuals aged 20-64 with diabetes. The cut-off value for morbid obesity was set in accordance with the eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery in diabetics. Data were collected by the HMOs and aggregated by age, sex and SEP. SEP was based on statistical areas ranking by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics and divided into 4 categories, ranking from 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest). Results: BMI documentation among adults with diabetes was 84.9% in 2016. The prevalence of obesity in the study population was 30.5%. Although the overall rate was similar in both sexes (30.8% in females, 30.3% in males), SEP disparities were stronger in females (32.7% in SEP level 1 vs. 27.7% in SEP level 4; 18.1% relative difference) compared to males (30.6% in SEP level 1 vs. 29.3% in SEP level 4; 4.4% relative difference). The overall prevalence of morbid obesity in this population was 20.8% in 2016. The rate among females was almost double compared to the rate in males (28.1% and 14.6%, respectively). In both sexes, the prevalence of morbid obesity was strongly associated with lower SEP. However, in females, disparities between SEP levels were much stronger (34.3% in SEP level 1 vs. 18.7% in SEP level 4; 83.4% relative difference) compared to SEP-disparities in males (15.7% in SEP level 1 vs. 12.3% in SEP level 4; 27.6% relative difference). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of BMI≥ 30 kg/m2 among adults with diabetes in Israel exceeds 50%; and the prevalence of morbid obesity suggests that 20% meet the BMI-criteria for bariatric surgery. Prevalence rates show major SEP- and sex-disparities; especially strong SEP disparities in morbid obesity among females. These findings highlight the need for greater consideration of different population groups when implementing interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities" title=" health disparities"> health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20policy" title=" health policy"> health policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20position" title=" socio-economic position"> socio-economic position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97256/socioeconomic-disparities-in-the-prevalence-of-obesity-in-adults-with-diabetes-in-israel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9103</span> Development of a Digital Healthcare Intervention to Reduce Digital and Healthcare Inequality in Rural Communities with a Focus on Hypertensive Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Festus%20Adedoyin">Festus Adedoyin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Mbeah%20Otoo"> Nana Mbeah Otoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Meacham"> Sofia Meacham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypertension is one of the main health issues in Ghana, where prevalence is higher in rural than in urban areas. This is due to the challenges rural areas have in accessing technology and healthcare services for hypertension control. This study's goal is to create a digital healthcare solution to alleviate this inequality. Through an analysis of current technology and problems, using the ring onion methodology, the study determined the needs for the intervention and evaluated healthcare disparities. An online application with teleconsultation capabilities, reminder mechanisms, and clinical decision support is part of the suggested solution. In outlying areas, mobile clinics in containers with the required equipment will be established. Heuristic evaluation and think-aloud sessions were used to assess the prototype's usability and navigational problems. This study highlights the need to develop digital health interventions to help manage hypertension in rural locations and decrease healthcare disparities. To develop and improve digital healthcare solutions for rural areas worldwide and in Ghana, this study might be used as a tool for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20health" title="digital health">digital health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20inequalities" title=" health inequalities"> health inequalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension%20management" title=" hypertension management"> hypertension management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168319/development-of-a-digital-healthcare-intervention-to-reduce-digital-and-healthcare-inequality-in-rural-communities-with-a-focus-on-hypertensive-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9102</span> Racial Bias by Prosecutors: Evidence from Random Assignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CarlyWill%20Sloan">CarlyWill Sloan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes are well-documented. However, there is little evidence on the extent to which racial bias by prosecutors is responsible for these disparities. This paper tests for racial bias in conviction by prosecutors. To identify effects, this paper leverages as good as random variation in prosecutor race using detailed administrative data on the case assignment process and case outcomes in New York County, New York. This paper shows that the assignment of an opposite-race prosecutor leads to a 5 percentage point (~ 8 percent) increase in the likelihood of conviction for property crimes. There is no evidence of effects for other types of crimes. Additional results indicate decreased dismissals by opposite-race prosecutors likely drive my property crime estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20justice" title="criminal justice">criminal justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosecutors" title=" prosecutors"> prosecutors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20disparities" title=" racial disparities"> racial disparities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108678/racial-bias-by-prosecutors-evidence-from-random-assignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9101</span> Cross-Cultural Psychiatry: An Analysis of Mental Health Care Accessibility and Societal Attitudes in South Asia and the USA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Khan">Irfan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiemeka%20David%20Ekene%20Arize"> Chiemeka David Ekene Arize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilly%20Swami"> Hilly Swami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mental health care access and stigma present global challenges, with disparities significantly influenced by economic, cultural, and societal factors. This paper focuses on the mental health care systems of South Asia and the United States, comparing how cultural norms, infrastructure, and policy affect mental health care accessibility and effectiveness in both regions. In South Asia, mental health care is hindered by a combination of underfunding, a critical shortage of professionals, and deeply ingrained cultural stigmas that deter help-seeking. Traditional beliefs often link mental disorders to supernatural causes, and women face additional barriers due to gender disparities. Despite recent policy reforms, implementation remains a challenge, particularly in rural areas. In contrast, the U.S. has a more developed healthcare infrastructure but continues to grapple with stigma, particularly within professional settings like law enforcement. Interventions such as the use of community health workers (CHWs) and collaborative care models have improved access, especially among underserved populations. However, the U.S. still faces disparities in care for minority groups, where cultural competence and stigma reduction are critical for improving outcomes. The paper’s comparative analysis identifies transferable strategies from the U.S. that could be adapted to South Asia’s context, such as integrating mental health care into primary care and using digital interventions to bridge the treatment gap in rural areas. Additionally, South Asia's community-centered approaches offer insights that could enhance the cultural adaptability of interventions in the U.S., particularly for ethnic minorities and immigrant populations. Through a systematic review, this paper examines intervention strategies, stigma, policy support, and the cultural and social determinants of mental health in both regions. The findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored mental health interventions and policy reforms that promote access and reduce stigma. Recommendations include enhancing public awareness, integrating mental health services into primary care, expanding community-based programs, and leveraging digital health interventions. This research contributes to the global discourse on mental health by highlighting culturally sensitive approaches that can be adapted to improve mental health care access and outcomes in both South Asia and the United States. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20stigma%20South%20Asia" title="mental health stigma South Asia">mental health stigma South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20care%20accessibility%20South%20Asia" title=" mental health care accessibility South Asia"> mental health care accessibility South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20influences%20mental%20health%20South%20Asia" title=" cultural influences mental health South Asia"> cultural influences mental health South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20interventions%20USA" title=" mental health interventions USA"> mental health interventions USA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20mental%20health%20care" title=" cross-cultural mental health care"> cross-cultural mental health care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191633/cross-cultural-psychiatry-an-analysis-of-mental-health-care-accessibility-and-societal-attitudes-in-south-asia-and-the-usa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9100</span> High-Risk Gene Variant Profiling Models Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Vulnerability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhua%20Zhang">Jianhua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiping%20Chen"> Weiping Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanjie%20Chen"> Guanjie Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Flannick"> Jason Flannick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Fikse"> Emma Fikse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glenda%20Smerin"> Glenda Smerin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanqin%20Yang"> Yanqin Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulong%20Li"> Yulong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20A.%20Hanover"> John A. Hanover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20F.%20Simonds"> William F. Simonds</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethnic disparities in many diseases are well recognized and reflect the consequences of genetic, behavior, and environmental factors. However, direct scientific evidence connecting the ethnic genetic variations and the disease disparities has been elusive, which may have led to the ethnic inequalities in large scale genetic studies. Through the genome-wide analysis of data representing 185,934 subjects, including 14,955 from our own studies of the African America Diabetes Mellitus, we discovered sets of genetic variants either unique to or conserved in all ethnicities. We further developed a quantitative gene function-based high-risk variant index (hrVI) of 20,428 genes to establish profiles that strongly correlate with the subjects' self-identified ethnicities. With respect to the ability to detect human essential and pathogenic genes, the hrVI analysis method is both comparable with and complementary to the well-known genetic analysis methods, pLI and VIRlof. Application of the ethnicity-specific hrVI analysis to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) national repository, containing 20,791 cases and 24,440 controls, identified 114 candidate T2DM-associated genes, 8.8-fold greater than that of ethnicity-blind analysis. All the genes identified are defined as either pathogenic or likely-pathogenic in ClinVar database, with 33.3% diabetes-associated and 54.4% obesity-associated genes. These results demonstrate the utility of hrVI analysis and provide the first genetic evidence by clustering patterns of how genetic variations among ethnicities may impede the discovery of diabetes and foreseeably other disease-associated genes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes-associated%20genes" title="diabetes-associated genes">diabetes-associated genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20health%20disparities" title=" ethnic health disparities"> ethnic health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20variant%20index" title=" high-risk variant index"> high-risk variant index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hrVI" title=" hrVI"> hrVI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T2DM" title=" T2DM"> T2DM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131697/high-risk-gene-variant-profiling-models-ethnic-disparities-in-diabetes-vulnerability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9099</span> Disparities in the Levels of Economic Development in Uttar Pradesh: A Regional Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naushaba%20Naseem%20Ahmed">Naushaba Naseem Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economic development does not merely depend upon the level of development but also on its distributive aspect. As it is a serious issue, the fruit of development is not equally distributed among the different section of peoples and different part of the country this cause the regional disparities in the levels of social economic development. Different part of the country has different resource endowments in term of natural, human and capital. If there is the uniform condition to grow, these areas that have better resources, are favourably placed grow comparatively faster as other areas. Thus with the very stage of development, gap between resourceful and less resourceful area goes on widening. This paper is an attempt to highlight the levels of disparities in term of economic development with the help of selected variables. Principal component analysis, correlation, and coefficient of variation are the techniques which were used in paper and employed published data for analysis. The result shows that Western region of Uttar Pradesh is more developed followed by Central Region. There will be urgent need in investment and developmental policies for the backward region like Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title="coefficient of variation">coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58501/disparities-in-the-levels-of-economic-development-in-uttar-pradesh-a-regional-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9098</span> Love and Money: Societal Attitudes Toward Income Disparities in Age-Gap Relationships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20Scarratt">Victoria Scarratt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Couples involved in age-gap relationships generally evoke negative stereotypes, opinions, and social disapproval. This research seeks to examine whether financial disparities in age-discrepant relationships cause negative attitudes in study participants. It was hypothesized that an age-gap couple (29 year difference) would receive a greater degree of societal disapproval when the couple also had a large salary gap compared to a similarly aged couple (1 year difference) with a salary gap. Additionally, there would be no significant difference between age-gap couples without a salary-gap compared to a similarly aged couple without a salary gap. To test the hypothesis, participants were given one of four scenarios regarding a couple in a romantic relationship.Then they were asked to respond to nine Likert scale questions. Results indicated that participants perceived age-gap relationships with a salary disparity to be less equitable in regard to a power imbalance between the couple and the financial and general gain that one partner will receive. A significant interaction was also detected for evoking feelings of disgust in participants and how morally correct it is for the couple to continue their relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20gap%20relationships" title="age gap relationships">age gap relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=love" title=" love"> love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20disparities" title=" financial disparities"> financial disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=societal%20stigmas" title=" societal stigmas"> societal stigmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship%20dynamics" title=" relationship dynamics"> relationship dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157349/love-and-money-societal-attitudes-toward-income-disparities-in-age-gap-relationships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9097</span> Evaluating the Impact of a Child Sponsorship Program on Paediatric Health and Development in Calauan, Philippines: A Retrospective Audit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Faraj">Daniel Faraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabella%20Raupach"> Arabella Raupach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlotte%20Hespe"> Charlotte Hespe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Wilcox"> Helen Wilcox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristie-Lee%20Anning"> Kristie-Lee Anning</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: International child sponsorship programs comprise a considerable proportion of global aid accessible to the general population. Team Philippines (TP), a healthcare and welfare initiative run in association with the University of Notre Dame Sydney since 2013, leads a holistic sponsorship program for thirty children from Calauan, Philippines. To date, empirical research has not been performed on the overall success and impact of the TP child sponsorship program. As such, this study aims to evaluate its effectiveness in improving pediatric outcomes. Methods: Study cohorts comprised thirty sponsored and twenty-nine age- and gender-matched non-sponsored children. Data were extracted from the TP Medical Director database and lifestyle questionnaires for July-November 2019. Outcome measures included anthropometry, markers of medical health, dental health, exercise, and diet. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS. Results: Sponsorship resulted in fewer medical diagnoses and prescription medications, superior dental health, and improved diet. Further, sponsored children may show a clinically significant trend toward improved physical health. Sponsorship did not affect growth and development metrics or levels of physical activity. Conclusions: The TP child sponsorship program significantly impacts positive pediatric health outcomes in the Calauan community. The strength of the program lies in its holistic, sustainable, and community-based model, which is enabled by effective international child sponsorship. This study further supports the relationship between supporting early livelihood and improved health in the pediatric population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20health" title="child health">child health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20status%20disparities" title=" health status disparities"> health status disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20disparities" title=" healthcare disparities"> healthcare disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20determinants%20of%20health" title=" social determinants of health"> social determinants of health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morbidity" title=" morbidity"> morbidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20health%20services" title=" community health services"> community health services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturally%20competent%20care" title=" culturally competent care"> culturally competent care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medically%20underserved%20areas" title=" medically underserved areas"> medically underserved areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20health%20management" title=" population health management"> population health management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172669/evaluating-the-impact-of-a-child-sponsorship-program-on-paediatric-health-and-development-in-calauan-philippines-a-retrospective-audit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9096</span> Effects of the Affordable Care Act On Preventive Care Disparities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cagdas%20Agirdas">Cagdas Agirdas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires non-grandfathered private insurance plans, starting with plan years on or after September 23rd, 2010, to provide certain preventive care services without any cost sharing in the form of deductibles, copayments or co-insurance. This requirement may affect racial and ethnic disparities in preventive care as it provides the largest copay reduction in preventive care. Objectives: We ask whether the ACA’s free preventive care benefits are associated with a reduction in racial and ethnic disparities in the utilization of four preventive services: cholesterol screenings, colonoscopies, mammograms, and pap smears. Methods: We use a data set of over 6,000 individuals from the 2009, 2010, and 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS). We restrict our data set only to individuals who are old enough to be eligible for each preventive service. Our difference-in-differences logistic regression model classifies privately-insured Hispanics, African Americans, and Asians as the treatment groups and 2013 as the after-policy year. Our control group consists of non-Hispanic whites on Medicaid as this program already covered preventive care services for free or at a low cost before the ACA. Results: After controlling for income, education, marital status, preferred interview language, self-reported health status, employment, having a usual source of care, age and gender, we find that the ACA is associated with increases in the probability of the median, privately-insured Hispanic person to get a colonoscopy by 3.6% and a mammogram by 3.1%, compared to a non-Hispanic white person on Medicaid. Similarly, we find that the median, privately-insured African American person’s probability of receiving these two preventive services improved by 2.3% and 2.4% compared to a non-Hispanic white person on Medicaid. We do not find any significant improvements for any racial or ethnic group for cholesterol screenings or pap smears. Furthermore, our results do not indicate any significant changes for Asians compared to non-Hispanic whites in utilizing the four preventive services. These reductions in racial/ethnic disparities are robust to reconfigurations of time periods, previous diagnosis, and residential status. Conclusions: Early effects of the ACA’s provision of free preventive care are significant for Hispanics and African Americans. Further research is needed for the later years as more individuals became aware of these benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventive%20care" title="preventive care">preventive care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Affordable%20Care%20Act" title=" Affordable Care Act"> Affordable Care Act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20sharing" title=" cost sharing"> cost sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20disparities" title=" racial disparities"> racial disparities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122759/effects-of-the-affordable-care-act-on-preventive-care-disparities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9095</span> A Tribe, a County, and a Casino: Socioeconomic Disparities between the Mohegan Tribe and New London County through Two Decades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Wang">Michaela Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since British established colonial settlements across the East Coast, Native Americans have suffered stark socio economic disparities in comparison to their neighboring communities. This paper employs the 1990, 2000, and 2010 United States Decennial Census to assess whether and to what extent the casino economy helped to close this socioeconomic gap between the Mohegan tribe and its surrounding community. These three Decennial Censuses cover two decades, from six years prior to the erection of Mohegan Sun casino to 14 years afterwards, including the Great Recession 2007-2009. Income, employment, education and housing parameters are selected as socio economic indicators. The profitable advent of the Mohegan Sun in 1996 dramatically improved the socio economic status of the Mohegan Tribe between 1990 and 2000. In fact, for most of these indicators––poverty, median household income, employment, home ownership, and car ownership––disparities shifted; tribal socioeconomic parameters improved from well below the level of New London County in 1990, to the same level or above the county rates in 2000. However, economic downturn in 2007-2009 Great Recession impacted Mohegan people remarkably. By 2010, disparities for household income, employment, home ownership, and car ownership returned. The casino bridged socio economic inequalities, but at the face of economic crises, the mono-product economy grew vulnerable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio%20economic" title="socio economic">socio economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous" title=" indigenous"> indigenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native%20American" title=" native American"> native American</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disparity" title=" disparity"> disparity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130393/a-tribe-a-county-and-a-casino-socioeconomic-disparities-between-the-mohegan-tribe-and-new-london-county-through-two-decades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9094</span> Health Ramifications of Workplace Bullying: Gender, Race and Sexual Orientation as Risk Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathleen%20Canul">Kathleen Canul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bullying is on the rise according to several recent studies. Workplace bullying has garnered less attention than other forms yet incidence rates range from 35-45%. The consequences of being bullied at work are broad, ranging from physiological to psychological to occupational. As the bullying progresses, employees begin to exhibit physical and psychological symptoms. Blood pressure rises, along with other cardiac related concerns. For men, covert coping with job unfairness was associated with a four-fold risk of heart attack and death. Gastrointestinal distress, headaches, muscle tension, sleep disorders and exhaustion are also common. Workplace bullying appears to contribute to the risk of subsequent psychotropic medication, as well. Emotionally, anxiety and depression increase along with lowered self-esteem and problems concentrating on the duties of the job. In an attempt to cope, individuals may succumb to unhealthy practices involving food, alcohol and other drugs. Patterns of bullying vary by gender, race, and ethnicity, as well as sexual orientation, with women, ethnic minorities and LGBTQ employees reporting higher rates of bullying in the workplace. Not only is this an issue of inequity on the job, but also a problem of health disparities as there are few mental health professionals confident and competent in dealing with workplace bullying issues, and the lack of culturally competent clinicians exacerbates this inequality in receiving adequate care. Alone, the topic of workplace bullying is not unique; however, the diverse experiences of underrepresented groups who disproportionately are affected on the job and suffer untreated, health related concerns represent a significant and emerging problem requiring attention. Conference participants who have experienced, witnessed or help those bullied on the job would benefit most from this review of the literature on the consequences of bullying experienced by diverse and underrepresented groups in the workplace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bullying" title="bullying">bullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20minorities" title=" ethnic minorities"> ethnic minorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities" title=" health disparities"> health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20conflict" title=" workplace conflict"> workplace conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58244/health-ramifications-of-workplace-bullying-gender-race-and-sexual-orientation-as-risk-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9093</span> Regional Disparities in the Level of Education in West Bengal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafisa%20Banu">Nafisa Banu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is an attempt to analyze the regional disparities in the level of education in West Bengal. The data based on secondary sources obtained from a census of India. The study is divided into four sections. The first section presents introductions, objectives and brief descriptions of the study area, second part discuss the methodology and data base, while third and fourth comprise the empirical results, interpretation, and conclusion respectively. For showing the level of educational development, 8 indicators have been selected and Z- score and composite score techniques have been applied. The present study finds out there are large variations of educational level due to various historical, economical, socio-cultural factors of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20disparity" title=" regional disparity"> regional disparity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy%20rate" title=" literacy rate"> literacy rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z-score" title=" Z-score"> Z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20score" title=" composite score"> composite score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35919/regional-disparities-in-the-level-of-education-in-west-bengal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9092</span> National Projects' Impact on the Regional Division</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaad%20Hamouda">Mosaad Hamouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Khalaf"> Kamal Khalaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaker%20Mousa"> Zaker Mousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> National projects are considered Egypt's future vision in investing its various resources and the best way to bring about a developmental renaissance that constitutes a quantum leap because of its developmental impact on the planning regions, which it achieves in attracting and localizing investments to achieve urban development, and what this has a noticeable impact on dividing those regions in order to achieve a developmental balance or at least reduce the severity of the disparities between them, by measuring the impact of these projects, which appear in the per capita share of the various developmental variables, and also analyzing global and local experiences so that a balanced division of the country’s regions can be reached, and the research finds a set of planning foundations that are compatible with the settlement of these national projects in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20projects" title="national projects">national projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20development" title=" regional development"> regional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=division%20of%20regions" title=" division of regions"> division of regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20disparities" title=" development disparities"> development disparities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174332/national-projects-impact-on-the-regional-division" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9091</span> Mediating Health in Rural Ghana: An Exploratory Study of AI-Driven Health Communications Channels and Media Reportage in Accra</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amos%20Ekow%20Coffie">Amos Ekow Coffie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This exploratory study investigates the impact of AI-driven health communications and media reportage on health outcomes in rural Ghana, focusing on rural communities within Accra. Despite the potential of AI-driven health communications in improving health outcomes, its adoption in rural Ghana is hindered by infrastructure challenges, digital literacy, and cultural factors. Media reportage plays a crucial role in shaping health perceptions and behaviors, but its impact is limited by inadequate health reporting, lack of specialized health journalists, and limited access to health information. This study aims to explore the integration of AI-driven health communications into media practices in rural Ghana, addressing the following research questions: How do AI-driven health communications impact health outcomes in rural Ghana? What role does media reportage play in shaping health perceptions and behaviors in Accra? How can AI-driven health communications and media reportage be optimized to improve health outcomes in rural Ghana? Using a mixed-methods approach, this study will combine surveys, interviews, and content analysis to investigate the impact of AI-driven Health Communication and media reportage on health outcomes in rural areas in Ghana. AI-driven health communications is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to design, deliver, and evaluate health messages, interventions, and campaigns. The study's findings will contribute to the development of effective health communication strategies, addressing the significant health disparities in rural areas in Ghana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20Driven%20Health%20Communication" title="AI Driven Health Communication">AI Driven Health Communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Media%20Reporting" title=" Media Reporting"> Media Reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rural%20Areas" title=" Rural Areas"> Rural Areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Communication%20Channels" title=" Communication Channels"> Communication Channels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191045/mediating-health-in-rural-ghana-an-exploratory-study-of-ai-driven-health-communications-channels-and-media-reportage-in-accra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9090</span> Analysis of Spatial Disparities of Population for Delicate Configuration of Public Service Facilities：Case of Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruan%20Yi-Chen">Ruan Yi-Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Wang-Ming"> Li Wang-Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Yuan"> Fang Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid growth of urbanization in China in recent years, public services are in short supply because of expanding population and limitation of financial support, which makes delicate configuration of public service facilities to become a trend in urban planning. Besides, the facility configuration standard implemented in China is equal to the whole the urban area without considering internal differences in it. Therefore, this article focuses on population Spatial disparities analysis in order to optimize facility configuration in communities of main city district. The used data, including population of 93 communities during 2010 to 2015, comes from GongShu district, Hangzhou city, PRC. Through the analysis of population data, especially the age structure of those communities, the communities finally divided into 3 types. Obviously, urban public service facilities allocation situation directly affect the quality of residents common lives, which turns out that deferent kinds of communities with deferent groups of citizens will have divergences in facility demanding. So in the end of the article, strategies of facility configuration will be proposed based on the population analysis in order to optimize the quantity and location of facilities with delicacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delicacy" title="delicacy">delicacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility%20configuration" title=" facility configuration"> facility configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20spatial%20disparities" title=" population spatial disparities"> population spatial disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20area" title=" urban area"> urban area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64221/analysis-of-spatial-disparities-of-population-for-delicate-configuration-of-public-service-facilitiescase-of-gongshu-district-hangzhou-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9089</span> The Dark History of American Psychiatry: Racism and Ethical Provider Responsibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Katherine%20Hoth">Mary Katherine Hoth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite racial and ethnic disparities in American psychiatry being well-documented, there remains an apathetic attitude among nurses and providers within the field to engage in active antiracism and provide equitable, recovery-oriented care. It is insufficient to be a “colorblind” nurse or provider and state that call care provided is identical for every patient. Maintaining an attitude of “colorblindness” perpetuates the racism prevalent throughout healthcare and leads to negative patient outcomes. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the how the historical beginnings of psychiatry have evolved into the disparities seen in today’s practice, as well as to provide some insight on methods that providers and nurses can employ to actively participate in challenging these racial disparities. Background The application of psychiatric medicine to White people versus Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color has been distinctly different as a direct result of chattel slavery and the development of pseudoscience “diagnoses” in the 19th century. This weaponization of the mental health of Black people continues to this day. Population The populations discussed are Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color, with a primary focus on Black people’s experiences with their mental health and the field of psychiatry. Methods A literature review was conducted using CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases with the following terms: psychiatry, mental health, racism, substance use, suicide, trauma-informed care, disparities and recovery-oriented care. Articles were further filtered based on meeting the criteria of peer-reviewed, full-text availability, written in English, and published between 2018 and 2023. Findings Black patients are more likely to be diagnosed with psychotic disorders and prescribed antipsychotic medications compared to White patients who were more often diagnosed with mood disorders and prescribed antidepressants. This same disparity is also seen in children and adolescents, where Black children are more likely to be diagnosed with behavior problems such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and White children with the same presentation are more likely to be diagnosed with Attention Hyperactivity Disorder. Medications advertisements for antipsychotics like Haldol as recent as 1974 portrayed a Black man, labeled as “agitated” and “aggressive”, a trope we still see today in police violence cases. The majority of nursing and medical school programs do not provide education on racism and how to actively combat it in practice, leaving many healthcare professionals acutely uneducated and unaware of their own biases and racism, as well as structural and institutional racism. Conclusions Racism will continue to grow wherever it is given time, space, and energy. Providers and nurses have an ethical obligation to educate themselves, actively deconstruct their personal racism and bias, and continuously engage in active antiracism by dismantling racism wherever it is encountered, be it structural, institutional, or scientific racism. Agents of change at the patient care level not only improve the outcomes of Black patients, but it will also lead the way in ensuring Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color are included in research of methods and medications in psychiatry in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disparities" title="disparities">disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychiatry" title=" psychiatry"> psychiatry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title=" racism"> racism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery-oriented%20care" title=" recovery-oriented care"> recovery-oriented care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma-informed%20care" title=" trauma-informed care"> trauma-informed care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165023/the-dark-history-of-american-psychiatry-racism-and-ethical-provider-responsibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9088</span> A Quantitative Assessment of the Social Marginalization in Romania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andra%20Costache">Andra Costache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%C4%83di%C5%A3a%20Alexe"> Rădiţa Alexe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of the spatial disparities of social marginalization is a requirement in the present-day socio-economic and political context of Romania, an East-European state, member of the European Union since 2007, at present faced with the imperatives of the growth of its territorial cohesion. The main objective of this article is to develop a methodology for the assessment of social marginalization, in order to understand the intensity of the marginalization phenomenon at different spatial scales. The article proposes a social marginalization index (SMI), calculated through the integration of ten indicators relevant for the two components of social marginalization: the material component and the symbolical component. The results highlighted a strong connection between the total degree of social marginalization and the dependence on social benefits, unemployment rate, non-inclusion in the compulsory education, criminality rate, and the type of pension insurance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20marginalization%20index" title=" social marginalization index"> social marginalization index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territorial%20disparities" title=" territorial disparities"> territorial disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU" title=" EU"> EU</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1934/a-quantitative-assessment-of-the-social-marginalization-in-romania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9087</span> Urban Metis Women’s Identity and Experiences with Health Services in Toronto, Ontario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renee%20Monchalin">Renee Monchalin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Métis peoples, while comprising over a third of the total Indigenous population in Canada, experience major gaps in health services that accommodate their cultural identities. This is problematic given Métis peoples experience severe disparities in health determinants and outcomes compared to the non-Indigenous Canadian population. At the same time, Métis are unlikely to engage in health services that do not value their cultural identities, often utilizing mainstream options. Given these contexts, this research aims to fill the culturally-safe health care gap for Métis peoples in Canada. It does this by engaging 56 urban Métis women who participated in a longitudinal cohort study, Our Health Counts (OHC) Toronto. Traditionally, Métis women were central to the health and well-being of their communities. However, due to decades of colonial legislation and forced land displacement, female narratives have been silenced, and Métis identities have been fractured. This has resulted in having direct implications on Métis people’s current health and access to health services. Solutions to filling the Métis health service gap may lie in the all too often unacknowledged or missing voices of Métis women. Through a conversational method, this research will explore urban Métis women’s perspectives on identity and their experiences with health services in Toronto. The goal of this research is to learn from urban Métis women on steps towards filling the health service gap. This research is currently in the data collection stage. Preliminary findings from the conversations will be disseminated. Policy recommendations for health service providers will be provided to better accommodate Métis people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20health" title="indigenous health">indigenous health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metis%20health" title=" Metis health"> Metis health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20service%20access" title=" health service access"> health service access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91062/urban-metis-womens-identity-and-experiences-with-health-services-in-toronto-ontario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9086</span> Utilizing Street Medicine to Reduce Communicable Disease Prevalence in a Cost-Effective Way</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bailey%20Hall">Bailey Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athena%20Hoppe"> Athena Hoppe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tevyn%20Kagele"> Tevyn Kagele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Nichols"> Anna Nichols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breeanna%20Messner"> Breeanna Messner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Spokane Street Medicine (SSM) Program aims to deliver medical care to people experiencing homelessness in Spokane, Washington. Street medicine is designed to function in a non-traditional setting to help deliver healthcare to a largely underserved population. In this analysis, the SSM Program’s medical charts from street and shelter encounters in early 2021 were reviewed in order to identify illness and diseases in people experiencing homelessness in Spokane. More than half of the prescriptions written during these encounters were for either an antibacterial, an antibiotic, or an antifungal. Estimates of the cost to the local healthcare system are included. Initiating treatment for communicable diseases in people experiencing homelessness via street medicine efforts greatly reduces economic costs while improving health outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20issues%20in%20public%20health" title="ethical issues in public health">ethical issues in public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity%20issues%20in%20public%20health" title=" equity issues in public health"> equity issues in public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20economics" title=" health economics"> health economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities" title=" health disparities"> health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20costs" title=" healthcare costs"> healthcare costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20public%20health" title=" medical public health"> medical public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health%20ethics" title=" public health ethics"> public health ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20medicine" title=" street medicine"> street medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141600/utilizing-street-medicine-to-reduce-communicable-disease-prevalence-in-a-cost-effective-way" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9085</span> Review of Health Disparities in Migrants Attending the Emergency Department with Acute Mental Health Presentations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacqueline%20Eleonora%20Ek">Jacqueline Eleonora Ek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Spiteri"> Michael Spiteri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Giordimaina"> Chris Giordimaina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Agius"> Pierre Agius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malta is known for being a key player as a frontline country with regard to irregular immigration from Africa to Europe. Every year the island experiences an influx of migrants as boat movement across the Mediterranean continues to be a humanitarian challenge. Irregular immigration and applying for asylum is both a lengthy and mentally demanding process. Those doing so are often faced with multiple challenges, which can adversely affect their mental health. Between January and August 2020, Malta disembarked 2 162 people rescued at sea, 463 of them between July & August. Given the small size of the Maltese islands, this regulation places a disproportionately large burden on the country, creating a backlog in the processing of asylum applications resulting in increased time periods of detention. These delays reverberate throughout multiple management pathways resulting in prolonged periods of detention and challenging access to health services. Objectives: To better understand the spatial dimensions of this humanitarian crisis, this study aims to assess disparities in the acute medical management of migrants presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute mental health presentations as compared to that of local and non-local residents. Method: In this retrospective study, 17795 consecutive ED attendances were reviewed to look for acute mental health presentations. These were further evaluated to assess discrepancies in transportation routes to hospital, nature of presenting complaint, effects of language barriers, use of CT brain, treatment given at ED, availability of psychiatric reviews, and final admission/discharge plans. Results: Of the ED attendances, 92.3% were local residents, and 7.7% were non-locals. Of the non-locals, 13.8% were migrants, and 86.2% were other-non-locals. Acute mental health presentations were seen in 1% of local residents; this increased to 20.6% in migrants. 56.4% of migrants attended with deliberate self-harm; this was lower in local residents, 28.9%. Contrastingly, in local residents, the most common presenting complaint was suicidal thought/ low mood 37.3%, the incidence was similar in migrants at 33.3%. The main differences included 12.8% of migrants presenting with refused oral intake while only 0.6% of local residents presented with the same complaints. 7.7% of migrants presented with a reduced level of consciousness, no local residents presented with this same issue. Physicians documented a language barrier in 74.4% of migrants. 25.6% were noted to be completely uncommunicative. Further investigations included the use of a CT scan in 12% of local residents and in 35.9% of migrants. The most common treatment administered to migrants was supportive fluids 15.4%, the most common in local residents was benzodiazepines 15.1%. Voluntary psychiatric admissions were seen in 33.3% of migrants and 24.7% of locals. Involuntary admissions were seen in 23% of migrants and 13.3% of locals. Conclusion: Results showed multiple disparities in health management. A meeting was held between entities responsible for migrant health in Malta, including the emergency department, primary health care, migrant detention services, and Malta Red Cross. Currently, national quality-improvement initiatives are underway to form new pathways to improve patient-centered care. These include an interpreter unit, centralized handover sheets, and a dedicated migrant health service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title="emergency department">emergency department</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135516/review-of-health-disparities-in-migrants-attending-the-emergency-department-with-acute-mental-health-presentations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9084</span> Assuming the Decision of Having One (More) Child: The New Dimensions of the Post Communist Romanian Family</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horea-Serban%20Raluca-Ioana">Horea-Serban Raluca-Ioana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Istrate%20Marinela"> Istrate Marinela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first part of the paper analyzes the dynamics of the total fertility rate both at the national and regional level, pointing out the regional disparities in the distribution of this indicator. At the same time, we also focus on the collapse of the number of live births, on the changes in the fertility rate by birth rank, as well as on the failure of acquiring the desired number of children. The second part of the study centres upon a survey applied to urban families with 3 and more than 3 offspring. The preliminary analysis highlights the fact that an increased fertility (more than 3rd rank) is triggered by the parents’ above the average material condition and superior education. The current situation of Romania, which is still passing through a period of relatively rapid demographic changes, marked by numerous convulsions, requires a new approach, in compliance with the recent interpretations appropriate to a new post-transitional demographic regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility%20rate" title="fertility rate">fertility rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20size%20intention" title=" family size intention"> family size intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20birth%20rank" title=" third birth rank"> third birth rank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20disparities" title=" regional disparities"> regional disparities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19830/assuming-the-decision-of-having-one-more-child-the-new-dimensions-of-the-post-communist-romanian-family" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9083</span> Disparities in Language Competence and Conflict: The Moderating Role of Cultural Intelligence in Intercultural Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Peyrols%20Wu">Catherine Peyrols Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intercultural interactions are becoming increasingly common in organizations and life. These interactions are often the stage of miscommunication and conflict. In management research, these problems are commonly attributed to cultural differences in values and interactional norms. As a result, the notion that intercultural competence can minimize these challenges is widely accepted. Cultural differences, however, are not the only source of a challenge during intercultural interactions. The need to rely on a lingua franca – or common language between people who have different mother tongues – is another important one. In theory, a lingua franca can improve communication and ease coordination. In practice however, disparities in people’s ability and confidence to communicate in the language can exacerbate tensions and generate inefficiencies. In this study, we draw on power theory to develop a model of disparities in language competence and conflict in a multicultural work context. Specifically, we hypothesized that differences in language competence between interaction partners would be positively related to conflict such that people would report greater conflict with partners who have more dissimilar levels of language competence and lesser conflict with partners with more similar levels of language competence. Furthermore, we proposed that cultural intelligence (CQ) an intercultural competence that denotes an individual’s capability to be effective in intercultural situations, would weaken the relationship between disparities in language competence and conflict such that people would report less conflict with partners who have more dissimilar levels of language competence when the interaction partner has high CQ and more conflict when the partner has low CQ. We tested this model with a sample of 135 undergraduate students working in multicultural teams for 13 weeks. We used a round-robin design to examine conflict in 646 dyads nested within 21 teams. Results of analyses using social relations modeling provided support for our hypotheses. Specifically, we found that in intercultural dyads with large disparities in language competence, partners with the lowest level of language competence would report higher levels of interpersonal conflict. However, this relationship disappeared when the partner with higher language competence was also high in CQ. These findings suggest that communication in a lingua franca can be a source of conflict in intercultural collaboration when partners differ in their level of language competence and that CQ can alleviate these effects during collaboration with partners who have relatively lower levels of language competence. Theoretically, this study underscores the benefits of CQ as a complement to language competence for intercultural effectiveness. Practically, these results further attest to the benefits of investing resources to develop language competence and CQ in employees engaged in multicultural work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20intelligence" title="cultural intelligence">cultural intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20interactions" title=" intercultural interactions"> intercultural interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20competence" title=" language competence"> language competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural%20teamwork" title=" multicultural teamwork"> multicultural teamwork</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106110/disparities-in-language-competence-and-conflict-the-moderating-role-of-cultural-intelligence-in-intercultural-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities&page=5">5</a></li> 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