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personali</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ħajja_personali-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Ħajja personali</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ħajja_personali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ħajja_bikrija_u_edukazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ħajja_bikrija_u_edukazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ħajja bikrija u edukazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ħajja_bikrija_u_edukazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reliġjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reliġjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reliġjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reliġjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saħħa_u_relazzjonijiet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saħħa_u_relazzjonijiet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Saħħa u relazzjonijiet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saħħa_u_relazzjonijiet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residenzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residenzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Residenzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residenzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karriera_xjentifika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karriera_xjentifika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Karriera xjentifika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karriera_xjentifika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invenzjonijiet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invenzjonijiet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Invenzjonijiet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invenzjonijiet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premju_Nobel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premju_Nobel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Premju Nobel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premju_Nobel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mewt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mewt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mewt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mewt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monumenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monumenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Monumenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monumenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kritika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referenzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aħbi jew uri l-werrej" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aħbi jew uri l-werrej</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Nobel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Żur artiklu f'lingwa differenti. Disponibbli fi 158 lingwi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158 lingwi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Нобель, Альфред – Abkażjan" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Нобель, Альфред" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkażjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ġermaniż tal-Iżvizzera" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż tal-Iżvizzera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AC%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8A%96%E1%89%A4%E1%88%8D" title="አልፍሬድ ኖቤል – Amhariku" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልፍሬድ ኖቤል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhariku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Aragoniż" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ingliż Antik" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Ingliż Antik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ألفرد نوبل – Għarbi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفرد نوبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Għarbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ألفريد نوبل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألفريد نوبل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="الفريد نوبل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفريد نوبل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%A8%27%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="আলফ্ৰেড ন'বেল – Assamiż" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আলফ্ৰেড ন'বেল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ażerbajġani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Ażerbajġani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="آلفرد نوبل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلفرد نوبل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel" title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel – Baliniż" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Baliniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel" title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфрэд Нобель – Belarussu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альфрэд Нобель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфрэд Нобэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альфрэд Нобэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алфред Нобел – Bulgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алфред Нобел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="আলফ্রেদ নোবেল – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলফ্রেদ নোবেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Bożnijaku" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bożnijaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel" title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Нобель Альфред – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нобель Альфред" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%AF_%D9%86%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D9%84" title="ئەلفرێد نۆبێل – Kurd Ċentrali" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفرێد نۆبێل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurd Ċentrali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Korsiku" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Tork tal-Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tork tal-Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ċek" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ċek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Daniż" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ġermaniż" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Άλφρεντ Νομπέλ – Grieg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλφρεντ Νομπέλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ingliż" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingliż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Spanjol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanjol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Estonjan" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="آلفرد نوبل – Persjan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلفرد نوبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Finlandiż" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Franċiż" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Frijuljan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Frijuljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Frisian tal-Punent" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian tal-Punent" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Irlandiż" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Galliku Skoċċiż" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Galliku Skoċċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Galiċjan" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiċjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2" title="આલ્ફ્રેડ નોબેલ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આલ્ફ્રેડ નોબેલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C" title="אלפרד נובל – Ebrajk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפרד נובל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrajk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="अल्फ़्रेद नोबेल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्फ़्रेद नोबेल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Kroat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel" title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel – Ungeriż" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alfred Bernhard Nobel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungeriż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ալֆրեդ Նոբել – Armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալֆրեդ Նոբել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A7%D5%AC" title="Ալֆրետ Նոպէլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալֆրետ Նոպէլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Indoneżjan" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneżjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Iżlandiż" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iżlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Taljan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Taljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB" title="アルフレッド・ノーベル – Ġappuniż" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルフレッド・ノーベル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Ġappuniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ġavaniż" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ġavaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ალფრედ ნობელი – Ġorġjan" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალფრედ ნობელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Ġorġjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Kabuljan" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabuljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Każak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Każak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8A_%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B" title="អាល់ហ្វ្រិដ ណូបែល – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាល់ហ្វ្រិដ ណូបែល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್‌ಫ್ರೆಡ್ ನೊಬೆಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್‌ಫ್ರೆಡ್ ನೊಬೆಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8" title="알프레드 노벨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알프레드 노벨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Kirgiż" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredus_Nobel" title="Alfredus Nobel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alfredus Nobel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Lussemburgiż" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lussemburgiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Litwan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C4%93ds_Nobels" title="Alfrēds Nobels – Latvjan" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alfrēds Nobels" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алфред Нобел – Maċedonjan" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алфред Нобел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Maċedonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BD" title="ആൽഫ്രഡ് നോബൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽഫ്രഡ് നോബൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Mongoljan" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="आल्फ्रेड नोबेल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्फ्रेड नोबेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အဲလ်ဖရက် နိုဘယ် – Burmiż" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲလ်ဖရက် နိုဘယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="آلفرد نوبل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلفرد نوبل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Naplitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल – Nepaliż" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अल्फ्रेड नोबेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaliż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="अल्फ्रेद नोबेल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अल्फ्रेद नोबेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Olandiż" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Olandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Ninorsk Norveġiż" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Ninorsk Norveġiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Bokmal Norveġiż" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norveġiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel%E2%80%99" title="Alfred Nobel’ – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Alfred Nobel’" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2" title="ଆଲଫ୍ରେଡ଼ ନୋବେଲ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲଫ୍ରେଡ଼ ନୋବେଲ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਅਲਫ਼ਰੈਡ ਨੋਬਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲਫ਼ਰੈਡ ਨੋਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Pollakk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pollakk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="الفریڈ نوبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الفریڈ نوبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%89_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="الفرېډ نوبل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الفرېډ نوبل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Portugiż" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Нобель, Альфред – Russu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нобель, Альфред" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D" title="आल्फ्रेड् नोबेल् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आल्फ्रेड् नोबेल्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱟᱞᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰ ᱱᱚᱵᱮᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱞᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰ ᱱᱚᱵᱮᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Sqalli" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sqalli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Skoċċiż" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skoċċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="الفريڊ نوبل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الفريڊ نوبل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Serbo-Kroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Slovakk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Albaniż" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алфред Нобел – Serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфред Нобел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Sundaniż" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Żvediż" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Żvediż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆல்பிரட் நோபல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்பிரட் நோபல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆల్‍ఫ్రెడ్ నోబెల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆల్‍ఫ్రెడ్ నోబెల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Алфред Нобел – Taġik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алфред Нобел" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Taġik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5" title="อัลเฟรด โนเบล – Tajlandiż" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลเฟรด โนเบล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Tork" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tork" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%84" title="ئالفېرد نوبىل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالفېرد نوبىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Альфред Нобель – Ukren" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альфред Нобель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukren" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="الفریڈ نوبل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الفریڈ نوبل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Vjetnamiż" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vjetnamiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ალფრედ ნობელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალფრედ ნობელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="אלפרעד נאבעל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלפרעד נאבעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7_%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D" title="ⴰⵍⴼⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ – Tamazight Standard tal-Marokk" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⴼⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Standard tal-Marokk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔 – Ċiniż" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Ċiniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE" title="諾貝爾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="諾貝爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alfred Nobel" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%B2%BB%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE" title="阿爾費利德·諾貝爾 – Kantoniż" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿爾費利德·諾貝爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23810#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Immodifika l-ħoloq interlingwi" class="wbc-editpage">Immodifika l-ħoloq</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spazji tal-isem"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Uri l-paġna ta' kontenut [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Paġna</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width:22em; text-align:left; font-size:88%; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center; text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background-color: lightsteelblue">Alfred Nobel</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:AlfredNobel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AlfredNobel2.jpg/260px-AlfredNobel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AlfredNobel2.jpg/390px-AlfredNobel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AlfredNobel2.jpg/520px-AlfredNobel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="2102" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue">Ħajja</th></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Isem propju</th> <td class="" style=""> Alfred Bernhard Nobel</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Twelid</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_and_Johannes_parish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob and Johannes parish (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Jakob and Johannes parish</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54006791?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>u <a href="/wiki/Stokkolma" title="Stokkolma">Stokkolma</a>, 21 Ottubru 1833</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Nazzjonalità</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvezja" title="Żvezja">Żvezja</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Residenza</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is-16_arrondissement_ta%27_Pari%C4%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Is-16 arrondissement ta' Pariġi (il-paġna ma teżistix)">is-16 arrondissement ta' Pariġi</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">L-ewwel lingwa</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BBvedi%C5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Żvediż (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Żvediż</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Mewt</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanremo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanremo (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sanremo</a>, 10 Diċembru 1896</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Post tad-dfin</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Aimiterju_tat-Tramuntana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ċimiterju tat-Tramuntana (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Ċimiterju tat-Tramuntana</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Kawża tal-mewt</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Kaw%C5%BCi_naturali" title="Kawżi naturali">kawżi naturali</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emorra%C4%A1ija_%C4%8Berebrali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emorraġija ċerebrali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">emorraġija ċerebrali</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue">Familja</th></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Missier</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immanuel Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Immanuel Nobel</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Omm</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolina_Andriette_Ahlsell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karolina Andriette Ahlsell (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Karolina Andriette Ahlsell</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Konjuga/i</th> <td class="" style=""> Not married</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Aħwa</th> <td class="" style=""> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>uri</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvig Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Ludvig Nobel</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706189?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Robert Nobel</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398286?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Oskar_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Oskar Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Emil Oskar Nobel</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382287?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Tribù</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Familja_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familja Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">familja Nobel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue">Edukazzjoni</th></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Lingwi</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BBvedi%C5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Żvediż (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Żvediż</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Franċiża">Franċiż</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa">Russu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Ingli%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ingliża">Ingliż</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Taljana" title="Lingwa Taljana">Taljan</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Għalliema</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile-Jules_Pelouze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théophile-Jules Pelouze (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Théophile-Jules Pelouze</a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445815?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue">Okkupazzjoni</th></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Okkupazzjoni</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimiku (il-paġna ma teżistix)">kimiku</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrijalista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrijalista (il-paġna ma teżistix)">industrijalista</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filantropu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filantropu (il-paġna ma teżistix)">filantropu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fotografu" title="Fotografu">fotografu</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manifattur_tal-armi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manifattur tal-armi (il-paġna ma teżistix)">manifattur tal-armi</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=In%C4%A1inier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inġinier (il-paġna ma teżistix)">inġinier</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xjenzat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xjenzat (il-paġna ma teżistix)">xjenzat</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Post tax-xogħol</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvezja" title="Żvezja">Żvezja</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Italja" title="Italja">Italja</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevran (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sevran</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387630?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Xogħlijiet importanti</th> <td class="" style=""> <i><a href="/wiki/Premju_Nobel" title="Premju Nobel">Premju Nobel</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynamite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dynamite (il-paġna ma teżistix)">dynamite</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80728?uselang=mt" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></i></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Premjijiet</th> <td class="" style=""> <div class="mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame (il-paġna ma teżistix)">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a> <small> (1998)</small> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Officer of the Legion of Honour"><img alt="Officer of the Legion of Honour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg/40px-Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg/80px-Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Officer_of_the_Legion_of_Honour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Officer of the Legion of Honour (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Officer of the Legion of Honour</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_(1748-1975)_-_Knight_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Knight of the Order of the Polar Star"><img alt="Knight of the Order of the Polar Star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Knight_BAR.png/40px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Knight_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Knight_BAR.png/60px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Knight_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Knight_BAR.png/80px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Knight_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Polar_Star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knight of the Order of the Polar Star (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Knight of the Order of the Polar Star</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy"><img alt="Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg/40px-Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg/60px-Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg/80px-Ufficiale_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_(Brazil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Officer of the Imperial Order of the Rose"><img alt="Officer of the Imperial Order of the Rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_%28Brazil%29.svg/40px-436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_%28Brazil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_%28Brazil%29.svg/60px-436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_%28Brazil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_%28Brazil%29.svg/80px-436px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Rose_%28Brazil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Officer_of_the_Imperial_Order_of_the_Rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Officer of the Imperial Order of the Rose (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Officer of the Imperial Order of the Rose</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knight Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus"><img alt="Knight Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg/40px-Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg/60px-Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg/80px-Ufficiale_SSML_Regno_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knight_Officer_of_the_Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knight Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Knight Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fritz_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fritz Medal (il-paġna ma teżistix)">John Fritz Medal</a> <small> (1910)</small> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kavallier tal-Leġjun tal-Unur"><img alt="Kavallier tal-Leġjun tal-Unur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/40px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/80px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavallier_tal-Le%C4%A1jun_tal-Unur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavallier tal-Leġjun tal-Unur (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Kavallier tal-Leġjun tal-Unur</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Officer of the Order of the Southern Cross"><img alt="Officer of the Order of the Southern Cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png/40px-BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png/60px-BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png/80px-BRA_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Officer_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Officer of the Order of the Southern Cross (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Officer of the Order of the Southern Cross</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%A1jun_tal-Unur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leġjun tal-Unur (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Leġjun tal-Unur</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Sħubija</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akkademja_Rjali_%C5%BBvedi%C5%BCa_tax-Xjenzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akkademja Rjali Żvediża tax-Xjenzi (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Akkademja Rjali Żvediża tax-Xjenzi</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Alfred Bernhard Nobel</b> (/noʊˈbɛl/ <i>noh-BEL</i>, bl-Iżvediż: [ˈǎlfrɛd nʊˈbɛlː]; twieled fil-21 ta' Ottubru 1833 – miet fl-10 ta' Diċembru 1896) kien kimiku, inġinier, inventur, negozjant u filantropu <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvezja" title="Żvezja">Żvediż</a>. Huwa baqa' magħruf l-iktar talli ħalla l-wirt tiegħu biex jiġi stabbilit il-<a href="/wiki/Premju_Nobel" title="Premju Nobel">Premju Nobel</a>, għalkemm ta ukoll diversi kontributi importanti għax-<a href="/wiki/Xjenza" title="Xjenza">xjenza</a>, u matul ħajtu rnexxielu jikseb 355 privattiva. L-iktar invenzjoni famuża ta' Nobel kienet id-dinamit, mezz iktar sikur u faċli biex wieħed jisfrutta l-qawwa splussiva tan-nitrogliċerina; ingħata l-privattiva fl-1867 u f'qasir żmien id-dinamit beda jintuża fid-<a href="/wiki/Id-Dinja" title="Id-Dinja">dinja</a> kollha għax-xogħol fil-minjieri u għall-iżilupp tal-infrastruttura. </p><p>Nobel wera interess fix-xjenza u biex jitgħallem minn kmieni, b'mod partikolari b'rabta mal-<a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimika</a> u mal-lingwi; huwa kellu ħakma tajba ta' sitt lingwi u kiseb l-ewwel privattiva tiegħu meta kellu 24 sena. Huwa daħal għal bosta biċċiet ta' negozju mal-familja tiegħu, fosthom is-sjieda ta' Bofors, produttur tal-<a href="/wiki/%C4%A6adid" title="Ħadid">ħadid</a> u tal-azzar li huwa żviluppa f'manifattur maġġuri tal-kanuni u ta' armamenti oħra. </p><p>Wara li qara aħbar żbaljata tal-<a href="/wiki/Mewt" title="Mewt">mewt</a> tiegħu fejn ġie kkundannat bħala wieħed li għamel qligħ mill-gwerra, Nobel ġie ispirat biex iħalli l-ġid tiegħu bħala wirt biex tiġi stabbilita l-istituzzjoni tal-Premju Nobel, li kull sena tagħti rikonoxximent lil dawk li jkunu "wasslu l-iktar benefiċċji għall-umanità".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L-element sintetiku nobelju<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> issemma għalih, u ismu u l-legat tiegħu ntużaw ukoll f'kumpaniji bħal Dynamit Nobel u AkzoNobel, li nħolqu minn fużjonijiet ma' kumpaniji li huwa stabbilixxa. </p><p>Nobel ġie elett bħala membru tal-Akkademja Żvediża Rjali tax-Xjenzi, li skont it-testment tiegħu, hija responsabbli għall-għażla tar-rebbieħa tal-<a href="/wiki/Premju_Nobel_g%C4%A7all-Fi%C5%BCika" title="Premju Nobel għall-Fiżika">Premju Nobel għall-Fiżika</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premju_Nobel_g%C4%A7all-Kimika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premju Nobel għall-Kimika (il-paġna ma teżistix)">għall-Kimika</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ħajja_personali"><span id=".C4.A6ajja_personali"></span>Ħajja personali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ħajja personali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ħajja personali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ħajja_bikrija_u_edukazzjoni"><span id=".C4.A6ajja_bikrija_u_edukazzjoni"></span>Ħajja bikrija u edukazzjoni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ħajja bikrija u edukazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ħajja bikrija u edukazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alfred Nobel twieled f'<a href="/wiki/Stokkolma" title="Stokkolma">Stokkolma</a>, fir-Renji Uniti tal-Iżvezja u n-<a href="/wiki/Norve%C4%A1ja" title="Norveġja">Norveġja</a> fil-21 ta' Ottubru 1833. Huwa kien it-tielet iben ta' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immanuel Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Immanuel Nobel</a> (1801-1872), li kien inventur u inġinier, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolina_Andriette_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karolina Andriette Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Karolina Andriette Nobel</a> (kunjomha xebba Ahlsell; 1805-1889).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il-koppja żżewġet fl-1827 u kellha tmint itfal. Il-familja tfaqqret u Alfred u t-tliet aħwa subien tiegħu għexu iktar mit-tfulija.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Min-naħa ta' missieru, Alfred Nobel kien dixxendent tax-xjenzat Żvediż <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olaus_Rudbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olaus Rudbeck (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Olaus Rudbeck</a> (1630-1702)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, u min-naħa tiegħu, meta kien żgħir kien interessat fl-inġinerija, partikolarment fl-isplussivi, u tgħallem il-prinċipji bażiċi minn missieru ta' età żgħira. L-interess ta' Alfred Nobel fit-teknoloġija wirtu mingħand missieru, li kien student tal-Istitut Irjali tat-Teknoloġija fi Stokkolma.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wara diversi fallimenti fin-negozju, missier Nobel ittrasferixxa ruħu f'<a href="/wiki/San_Pietruburgu" title="San Pietruburgu">San Pietruburgu</a>, ir-<a href="/wiki/Russja" title="Russja">Russja</a> u kiseb suċċess hemmhekk bħala manifattur ta' għodod motorizzati u ta' splussivi. Huwa vvinta t-torn tal-folji tal-<a href="/wiki/Injam" title="Injam">injam</a> (li witta t-triq għall-produzzjoni tal-plywood modern<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) u beda x-xogħol fuq it-torpedo.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fl-1842<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, il-familja ngħaqdet miegħu fil-belt. Ladarba saru għonja, il-ġenituri ta' Nobel setgħu jibagħtuh għand <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7alliem" title="Għalliem">għalliema</a> privati u huwa bbrilla fl-istudji, b'mod partikolari fil-kimika u fil-lingwi, u kiseb ħakma tajba tal-<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Ingli%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ingliża">Ingliż</a>, tal-<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Franċiża">Franċiż</a>, tal-<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a> u tar-<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa">Russu</a>. Għal 18-il xahar, mill-1841 sal-1842, Nobel attenda l-unika skola li qatt attenda bħala tifel, fi Stokkolma. </p><p>Nobel kiseb ħakma tajba tal-Iżvediż, tal-Franċiż, tar-Russu, tal-Ingliż, tal-Ġermaniż u tat-<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Taljana" title="Lingwa Taljana">Taljan</a>. Huwa żviluppa wkoll biżżejjed ħiliet letterarji biex jikteb il-<a href="/wiki/Poe%C5%BCija" title="Poeżija">poeżiji</a> bl-Ingliż. In-<i>Nemesi</i> tiegħu hija proża traġika b'erba' atti dwar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Cenci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Cenci (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Beatrice Cenci</a>. Ġiet stampata meta kien qed imut, iżda l-ħażna kollha nqerdet minnufih wara mewtu għajr tliet kopji, peress li tqieset bħala skandaluża u blasfemika. Ġiet ippubblikata fl-Iżvezja fl-2003 u ġiet tradotta bl-<a href="/wiki/Slovenja" title="Slovenja">Isloven</a> u bil-Franċiż.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reliġjon"><span id="Reli.C4.A1jon"></span><a href="/wiki/Reli%C4%A1jon" title="Reliġjon">Reliġjon</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Reliġjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Reliġjon"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nobel kien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luterani%C5%BCmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luteraniżmu (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Luteran</a> u attenda l-Knisja tal-Iżvezja Barra l-Pajjiż regolarment meta għex f'<a href="/wiki/Pari%C4%A1i" title="Pariġi">Pariġi</a>. Il-mexxej spiritwali tiegħu kien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Söderblom (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Nathan Söderblom</a> li ngħata l-<a href="/wiki/Premju_Nobel_g%C4%A7all-Pa%C4%8Bi" title="Premju Nobel għall-Paċi">Premju Nobel għall-Paċi</a> fl-1930.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel sar anjostiku meta kien żagħżugħ u sar ateu iktar 'il quddiem f'ħajtu, minkejja li xorta waħda ta donazzjonijiet ġenerużi lill-Knisja.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saħħa_u_relazzjonijiet"><span id="Sa.C4.A7.C4.A7a_u_relazzjonijiet"></span>Saħħa u relazzjonijiet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Saħħa u relazzjonijiet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Saħħa u relazzjonijiet"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nobel ivvjaġġa għall-biċċa l-kbira tal-ħajja tiegħu bħala negozjant, kellu kumpaniji fl-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a> u fl-<a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti" title="Stati Uniti">Amerka</a>, u kellu dar f'Pariġi mill-1873 sal-1891. Huwa baqa' b'karattru solitarju, b'waqtiet ta' dipressjoni.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Huwa baqa' ma żżewwiġx, għalkemm il-bijografi tiegħu jisħqu li kellu mill-inqas tliet innamrati. L-ewwel waħda fir-Russja ma' tfajla jisimha Alexandra li rrifjutat il-proponiment tiegħu. Fl-1876, il-Kontessa <a href="/wiki/Awstrija" title="Awstrija">Awstrijaka</a>-Boemjana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertha_Kinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertha Kinsky (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Bertha Kinsky</a> saret is-segretarja tiegħu, iżda telqitu wara soġġorn qasir biex tiżżewweġ lin-namrat preċedenti tagħha l-Baruni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Gundaccar_von_Suttner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Gundaccar von Suttner (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Arthur Gundaccar von Suttner</a>. Il-kuntatt tagħha ma' Nobel kien qasir, iżda baqgħet tikkorrispondi miegħu sa mewtu fl-1896, u x'aktarx li influwenzat id-deċiżjoni tiegħu li jinkludi premju għall-paċi fit-testment tiegħu.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hija ngħata l-Premju Nobel għall-Paċi fl-1905 "għall-attivitajiet sinċieri tagħha għall-paċi".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L-itwal relazzjoni ta' Nobel kienet ma' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofija_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofija Hess (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sofija Hess</a> minn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celje (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Celje</a> li ltaqa' magħha fl-1876.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ir-relazzjoni damet 18-il sena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residenzi">Residenzi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Residenzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Residenzi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bejn l-1865 u l-1873, Alfred Nobel kellu d-dar tiegħu fi Krümmel, <a href="/wiki/Amburgu" title="Amburgu">Hamburg</a>, u wara mar jgħix f'dar f'Avenue Malakoff f'Pariġi fl-1873.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fl-1894, meta akkwista lil Bofors-Gullspång, il-Villa ta' Björkborn kienet inkluża<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, u huwa għex fiha fl-Iżvezja matul is-sajf. Il-villa saret l-aħħar residenza tiegħu fl-Iżvezja u wara mewtu saret <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%BCew" title="Mużew">mużew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alfred Nobel miet fl-10 ta' Diċembru 1896, f'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanremo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanremo (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sanremo</a>, l-<a href="/wiki/Italja" title="Italja">Italja</a>, fl-aħħar residenza inġenerali tiegħu, il-Villa Nobel, b'veduta fuq il-<a href="/wiki/Mediterran" title="Mediterran">Baħar Mediterran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karriera_xjentifika">Karriera xjentifika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Karriera xjentifika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Karriera xjentifika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bħala żagħżugħ, Nobel studja mal-kimiku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Zinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Zinin (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Nikolai Zinin</a>; imbagħad, fl-1850, mar Pariġi sabiex ikompli jistudja u jaħdem. Hemmhekk iltaqa' ma' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascanio_Sobrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascanio Sobrero (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Ascanio Sobrero</a>, li kien ivvinta n-nitrogliċerina tliet snin qabel. Sobrero oppona b'qawwa l-użu tan-nitrogliċerina minħabba li kienet imprevedibbli, u kienet tisplodi meta kienet tkun soġġetta għal sħana jew pressjoni varjabbli. Iżda Nobel interessa ruħu ferm biex isib mod kif jikkontrolla u juża n-nitrogliċerina bħala splussiv li seta' jintuża b'mod kummerċjali, ladarba kellha ferm iktar qawwa mill-porvli. Fl-1851, ta' 18-il sena, huwa mar l-Istati Uniti għal sena biex jistudja<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, u ħadem għal perjodu qasir taħt l-inventur Żvediż-Amerikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ericsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ericsson (il-paġna ma teżistix)">John Ericsson</a>, li ddisinja l-bastiment militari tal-Gwerra Ċivili Amerikana, il-USS <i>Monitor</i>. Nobel kiseb l-ewwel privattiva tiegħu, privattiva <a href="/wiki/Renju_Unit" title="Renju Unit">Ingliża</a> għal miter tal-gass fl-1857, filwaqt li l-ewwel privattiva Żvediża tiegħu, li huwa rċieva fl-1863, kienet dwar "modi kif jitħejjew il-porvli".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il-fabbrika tal-familja pproduċiet l-armamenti għall-Gwerra tal-<a href="/wiki/Krimea" title="Krimea">Krimea</a> (1853-1856), iżda sabitha diffiċli li terġa' lura għall-produzzjoni domestika regolari meta ntemm il-kunflitt u falliet. Fl-1859, missier Nobel ħalla l-fabbrika f'idejn it-tieni iben tiegħu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvig Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Ludvig Nobel</a> (1831-1888), li tejjeb in-negozju ferm. Nobel u l-ġenituri tiegħu rritornaw lejn l-Iżvezja mir-Russja u Nobel iddedika lilu nnifsu għall-istudju tal-isplussivi, u speċjalment għall-manifattura sikura u għall-użu sikur tan-nitrogliċerina. Nobel ivvinta detonatur fl-1863, u fl-1865 iddisinja detonatur li jieħu wara ftit. </p><p>Fit-3 ta' Settembru 1864, kamra li ntużat għat-tħejjija tan-nitrogliċerina splodiet fil-fabbrika ta' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heleneborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heleneborg (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Heleneborg</a>, Stokkolma, l-Iżvezja, u mietu ħamsa min-nies, inkluż Emil, l-iżgħar wieħed mill-aħwa subien ta' Nobel. Mifni mill-aċċident, Nobel stabbilixxa l-kumpanija Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget AB f'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinterviken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinterviken (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Vinterviken</a> sabiex ikun jista' jkompli bix-xogħol f'post iktar iżolat.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel ivvinta d-dinamit fl-1867, sustanza kimika li kienet ferm iktar faċli u sikura min-nitrogliċerina li kienet tassew instabbli. Id-dinamit ingħata l-privattiva fl-Istati Uniti u fir-Renju Unit u ntuża b'mod estensiv fix-xogħol fil-minjieri u internazzjonalment fil-bini tan-networks tat-trasport. Fl-1875, Nobel ivvinta ġelignit, li kien iktar stabbli u iktar qawwi mid-dinamit, u fl-1887, ingħata l-privattiva għall-ballistit, li kien il-predeċessur tal-kordit. </p><p>Nobel ġie elett bħala membru tal-Akkademja Żvediża Rjali tax-Xjenzi fl-1884, l-istess istituzzjoni li iktar 'il quddiem bdiet tagħżel ir-rebbieħa ta' tnejn mill-Premjijiet Nobel, u huwa kiseb dottorat onorarju mill-Università ta' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uppsala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uppsala (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Uppsala</a> fl-1893. </p><p>L-aħwa Nobel Ludvig u Robert stabbilew il-kumpanija taż-żejt Branobel u saru tassew għonja. Alfred Nobel investa fihom u akkumula ġid kbir permezz tal-iżvilupp tar-reġjuni l-ġodda taż-żejt. Matul ħajtu, Nobel kiseb 355 privattiva internazzjonalment, u sa mewtu, in-negozju tiegħu kien stabbilixxa iktar minn 90 fabbrika tal-armamenti, minkejja l-karattru apparentement paċifista.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invenzjonijiet">Invenzjonijiet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Invenzjonijiet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Invenzjonijiet"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nobel sab li meta n-nitrogliċerina tiġi inkorporata f'sustanza inerti assorbenti bħal <i>kieselguhr</i> (materjal diatomiku), tiġi iktar sikura u iktar konvenjenti biex tikkontrollaha, u din it-taħlita kiseb privattiva għaliha fl-1867 bħala "dinamit".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel wera dan l-isplussiv għall-ewwel darba dik is-sena, f'barriera f'Redhill, Surrey, l-Ingilterra. Sabiex jgħin biex jerġa' jistabbilixxi r-reputazzjoni tiegħu u jtejjeb l-immaġni tan-negozju tiegħu mill-kontroversji ta' qabel assoċjati ma' splussivi perikolużi, Nobel ikkunsidra wkoll li jsemmi s-sustanza bħala "t-Trab Sikur ta' Nobel", iżda mbagħad għażel Dinamit minflok, b'referenza għall-kelma <a href="/wiki/Lingwa_Griega" title="Lingwa Griega">Griega</a> għal "qawwa" (δύναμις).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nobel iktar 'il quddiem ikkombina n-nitrogliċerina ma' diversi komposti tan-nitroċelluloża, simili għall-kollodju, iżda fl-aħħar mill-aħħar għażel riċetta iktar effiċjenti u kkombina splussiv nitrat ieħor, u kiseb sustanza trasparenti qisha ġelatina, li kienet iktar qawwija mid-dinamit. Din semmiha ġelignit jew ġelatina splussiva, u kiseb privattiva għaliha fl-1876; imbagħad għamel diversi kombinamenti simili oħra, li ġew immodifikati biż-żieda tan-nitrat tal-potassju u diversi sustanzi oħra. Il-ġelignit kien iktar stabbli, trasportabbli u ffurmat b'mod iktar konvenjenti biex joqgħod f'toqob apposta bħal dawk fit-tħaffir u fl-estrazzjoni tal-minjieri, b'mod ferm aħjar mill-komposti li kienu jintużaw qabel. Ġie adottat bħala t-teknoloġija standard għax-xogħol fil-minjieri fl-"Epoka tal-Inġinerija", u b'hekk Nobel kiseb suċċess finanzjarju kbir, anke jekk b'impatt kbir fuq saħħtu. Fergħa oħra minn din ir-riċerka rriżultat fl-invenzjoni tal-ballistit minn Nobel. Dan kien il-prekursur ta' bosta splussivi moderni bla duħħan u għadu jintuża bħala propellant għar-rokits.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premju_Nobel">Premju Nobel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Premju Nobel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Premju Nobel"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fl-1888, il-mewt ta' ħuh Ludvig waslet biex diversi gazzetti ppubblikat obitwarji żbaljati bħallikieku miet Alfred. Gazzetta Franċiża kkundannatu għall-invenzjoni tiegħu ta' splussivi militari—mhux, kif spiss jiġi kkwotat, id-dinamit, li kien jintuża l-iktar għal raġunijiet ċivili—u jingħad li dan wassal biex jieħu d-deċiżjoni li jħalli legat aħjar wara mewtu.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L-obitwarju ddikjara <i>Le marchand de la mort est mort</i> ("Il-merkant tal-mewt miet"), u sostna li "Dr. Alfred Nobel, li stagħna billi sab modi kif jinqatlu iktar nies u iktar malajr minn qatt qabel, miet ilbieraħ".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel qara l-obitwarju u baqa' ħażin bl-idea li seta' jibqa' mfakkar b'dan il-mod. Id-deċiżjoni tiegħu li jagħmel donazzjoni wara mewtu tal-maġġoranza ta' ġidu biex jiġi stabbilit il-Premju Nobel ġie kkreditat mill-inqas parzjalment bħala mod kif seta' jħalli legat aħjar wara mewtu.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fis-27 ta' Novembru 1895, fil-Klabb Żvediż-Norveġiż f'Pariġi, Nobel iffirma l-aħħar testment tiegħu u warrab il-biċċa l-kbira tal-patrimonju tiegħu sabiex wara mewtu jiġu stabbiliti l-Premjijiet Nobel, li kellhom jingħataw kull sena mingħar distinjoni ta' nazzjonalità. Wara t-tnaqqis tat-taxxi u l-laxxiti lil individwi, it-testment ta' Nobel alloka 94 % tal-assi totali tiegħu, jiġifieri 31,225,000 kronor Żvediż, biex jiġu stabbiliti l-ħames Premjijiet Nobel. Dan l-ammont kien jiswa £1,687,837 dak iż-żmien.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fl-2012, il-kapital kien jiswa madwar SEK 3.1 biljun (US$472 miljun, EUR 337 miljun), jiġifieri kważi d-doppju tal-ammont ta' kapital inizjali, meta titqies l-inflazzjoni.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L-ewwel tliet premjijiet kellhom jingħataw bħala rikonoxximent tal-eċċellenza fix-xjenza fiżika, fil-kimika u fix-xjenza medika jew il-fiżjoloġija; ir-raba' premju kellu jingħata għax-xogħlijiet letterarji "f'direzzjoni ideali" u l-ħames premju kellu jingħata lill-persuna jew lill-kumpanija jew lill-organizzazzjoni li tagħti l-ikbar servizz lill-kawża tal-fratellanza internazzjonali, lit-tneħħija jew lit-tnaqqis ta' armati, jew lill-istabbiliment jew l-issoktar ta' kungressi għall-paċi. </p><p>Il-formulazzjoni għall-premju letterarju għal xogħol "f'direzzjoni ideali" (<i>i idealisk riktning</i> bl-Iżvediż), hija kriptika u kkawżat ħafna konfużjoni. Għal bosta snin, l-Akkademja Żvediża interpretat "ideali" bħala "idealistika" (<i>idealistisk</i>) u użatha bħala raġuni biex il-premju ma jingħatax lil awturi importanti iżda inqas romantiċi, bħal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Ibsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrik Ibsen (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Henrik Ibsen</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Tolstoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Tolstoy (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Leo Tolstoy</a>. Din l-interpretazzjoni sadanittant ġie reveduta, u l-premju ngħata pereżempju lil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dario_Fo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dario Fo (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Dario Fo</a> u lil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Saramago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Saramago (il-paġna ma teżistix)">José Saramago</a>, li mhumiex parti mill-qasam tal-idealiżmu letterarju.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kien hemm lok għall-interpretazzjoni mill-korpi li kien semma biex jiddeċiedu dwar il-premjijiet għax-xjenza fiżika u għall-kimika, peress li ma kienx ikkonsultahom qabel għamel it-testment. Fit-testment ta' paġna tiegħu, huwa stipula li l-flus kellhom imorru għall-iskoperti jew għall-invenzjonijiet fix-xjenza fiżika u għall-iskoperti jew it-titjib fil-kimika. Huwa kien fetaħ il-bieb għall-premjijiet għat-teknoloġija, iżda ma ħalliex struzzjonijiet dwar kif kellha ssir distinzjoni bejn ix-xjenza u t-teknoloġija. Ladarba l-korpi tat-teħid tad-deċiżjonijiet li huwa kien għażel kienu iktar imħassbin dwar ix-xjenza, il-premjijiet kemm-il darba ngħataw lix-xjenzati iktar milli lill-inġiniera, lit-tekniċi jew lil inventuri oħra. </p><p>Il-bank ċentrali tal-Iżvezja, Sveriges Riksbank, iċċelebra t-300 anniversarju tiegħu fl-1968 billi ta donazzjoni ta' somma kbira ta' flus lill-Fondazzjoni Nobel sabiex tintuża għas-sitt premju fil-qasam tax-xjenza ekonomika f'ġieħ Alfred Nobel. Fl-2001, il-proproneputi ta' Alfred Nobel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Nobel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Peter Nobel</a> (li twieled fl-1931), talab lill-Bank tal-Iżvezja tagħmel distinzjoni bejn il-premju "tagħha" lill-ekonomisti "f'ġieħ Alfred Nobel" mill-ħames premjijiet l-oħra. Din it-talba kompliet iżżid il-kontroversja dwar jekk il-Premju tal-Bank tal-Iżvezja għax-Xjenzi Ekonomiċi f'Ġieħ Alfred Nobel huwiex tassew "Premju Nobel" leġittimu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mewt">Mewt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Mewt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Mewt"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nobel ġie akkużat għal tradiment kontra Franza minħabba l-bejgħ tal-ballistit lill-Italja, u għalhekk ittrasferixxa ruħu minn Pariġi għal Sanremo, l-Italja fl-1891.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fl-10 ta' Diċembru 1896, huwa kellu puplesija u miet. Huwa kien ħalla l-biċċa l-kbira ta' ġidu f'fond fiduċjarju, minn wara dahar il-familja tiegħu, sabiex jiġu ffinanzjati l-Premjijiet Nobel. Huwa ġie midfun fiċ-Ċimiterju ta' Norra fi Stokkolma.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monumenti">Monumenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Monumenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Monumenti"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-<i><a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">Monument</a> għal Alfred Nobel</i> (bir-Russu: Памятник Альфреду Нобелю, 59.960787°N, 30.334905°E) f'San Pietruburgu jinsab tul ix-xmara Bolshaya Nevka fix-Xatt ta' Petrogradskaya. Ġie ddedikat fl-1991 biex jikkommemora d-90 anniversarju tal-ewwel preżentazzjoni tal-Premju Nobel. Id-diplomatiku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Bertelman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Bertelman (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Thomas Bertelman</a> u l-Professur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkady_Melua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkady Melua (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Arkady Melua</a> ħadmu flimkien biex jinħoloq dan il-monument (1989). Il-Professur Arkady Melua pprovda l-fondi għall-istabbiliment tal-monument (J.S.Co. "Humanistica", 1990-1991). L-<a href="/wiki/Skultura" title="Skultura">iskultura</a> astratta tal-metall ġiet iddisinjata mill-artisti lokali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Alipov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Alipov (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sergey Alipov</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Shevchenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Shevchenko (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Pavel Shevchenko</a>, u qisha splużjoni jew friegħi ta' siġra. Ix-Xatt ta' Petrogradskaya huwa t-triq fejn il-familja Nobel għexet sal-1859.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritika">Kritika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Kritika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kritika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-kritika kontra Nobel tiffoka fuq ir-rwol ewlieni tiegħu fil-manifattura u fil-bejgħ tal-armi, u wħud jiddubitaw x'kien l-għanijiet tiegħu li jinħolqu l-Premjijiet Nobel, għaliex isostnu li kienu biss mossa biex itejbu r-reputazzjoni tiegħu.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenzi">Referenzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Referenzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Referenzi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106185721/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/alfred-nobel/financial-assets/">"Alfred Nobel's fortune | Nobels fredspris"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 2017-01-06. Arkivjat mill-oriġinal fl-2017-01-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Miġbur <span class="nowrap">2021-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Alfred+Nobel%27s+fortune+%7C+Nobels+fredspris&rft.chron=2017-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelpeaceprize.org%2Fen_GB%2Falfred-nobel%2Ffinancial-assets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmt.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Nobel" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">Manutenzjoni CS1: BOT: url-oriġinali status mhux magħruf (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Manutenzjoni_CS1:_BOT:_url-ori%C4%A1inali_status_mhux_mag%C4%A7ruf" title="Kategorija:Manutenzjoni CS1: BOT: url-oriġinali status mhux magħruf">link</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r256707">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/nobel-peace-prize/history/alfred-nobel-s-will">"Alfred Nobel's will - Nobel Peace Prize"</a>. <i>www.nobelpeaceprize.org</i> (bl-Ingliż). 2021-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Miġbur <span class="nowrap">2021-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelpeaceprize.org&rft.atitle=Alfred+Nobel%27s+will+-+Nobel+Peace+Prize&rft.chron=2021-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelpeaceprize.org%2Fnobel-peace-prize%2Fhistory%2Falfred-nobel-s-will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmt.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Nobel" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r256707"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/102/nobelium">"Nobelium - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table"</a>. <i>www.rsc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Miġbur <span class="nowrap">2021-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+%E2%80%98merchant+of+death%E2%80%99+Alfred+Nobel+became+a+champion+of+peace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20101004%2F29406%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmt.wikipedia.org%3AAlfred+Nobel" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r256707"></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Miksub minn "<a dir="ltr" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&oldid=307185">https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&oldid=307185</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spe%C4%8Bjali:Kategoriji" title="Speċjali:Kategoriji">Kategoriji</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Twieldu_fl-1833" title="Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1833">Twieldu fl-1833</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Mietu_fl-1896" title="Kategorija:Mietu fl-1896">Mietu fl-1896</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Inventuri" title="Kategorija:Inventuri">Inventuri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Xjenzati_%C5%BBvedi%C5%BCi" title="Kategorija:Xjenzati Żvediżi">Xjenzati Żvediżi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategoriji moħbija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Kategorija:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Manutenzjoni_CS1:_BOT:_url-ori%C4%A1inali_status_mhux_mag%C4%A7ruf" title="Kategorija:Manutenzjoni CS1: BOT: url-oriġinali status mhux magħruf">Manutenzjoni CS1: BOT: url-oriġinali status mhux magħruf</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sorsi_CS1_bl-Ingli%C5%BC_(en)" title="Kategorija:Sorsi CS1 bl-Ingliż (en)">Sorsi CS1 bl-Ingliż (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sorsi_CS1_bl-I%C5%BCvedi%C5%BC_(sv)" title="Kategorija:Sorsi CS1 bl-Iżvediż (sv)">Sorsi CS1 bl-Iżvediż (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sorsi_CS1_bl-Isloven_(sl)" title="Kategorija:Sorsi CS1 bl-Isloven (sl)">Sorsi CS1 bl-Isloven (sl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pa%C4%A1ni_li_ju%C5%BCaw_%C4%A7oloq_ma%C4%A1i%C4%8Bi_tal-ISBN" title="Kategorija:Paġni li jużaw ħoloq maġiċi tal-ISBN">Paġni li jużaw ħoloq maġiċi tal-ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> L-aħħar bidla fuq il-paġna: 23:20, 5 Mejju 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">It-test huwa disponibbli taħt il-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Liċenzja Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; jistgħu japplikaw xi kundizzjonijiet oħra. 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