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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Minesweeper of the United States Navy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/USS_Flamingo" title="USS Flamingo">USS Flamingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Guide" title="USS Guide">USS Guide</a>, <a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Guide" title="USC&GS Guide">USC&GS Guide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Viking" title="USS Viking">USS Viking</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USC%26GS_Guide_(1918).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USC%26GS_Guide_%281918%29.jpg/300px-USC%26GS_Guide_%281918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USC%26GS_Guide_%281918%29.jpg/450px-USC%26GS_Guide_%281918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/USC%26GS_Guide_%281918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="282" /></a></span><div>USC&GS <i>Guide</i></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United States</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>USS <i>Flamingo</i> (AM-32)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">Flamingo</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jersey_Drydock_and_Transportation_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Jersey Drydock and Transportation Company (page does not exist)">New Jersey Drydock and Transportation Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabethport,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethport, New Jersey">Elizabethport</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>18 October 1917</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>24 August 1918</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>12 February 1919</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decommissioned</td><td>5 May 1922</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Transferred to <b>U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey</b> 23 January 1923</td></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg/63px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg/84px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>USC&GS <i>Guide</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Guide" title="Guide">Guide</a>, a person who leads anyone through unknown or unmapped country</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_states_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United states Coast and Geodetic Survey (page does not exist)">U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Acquired</td><td>23 January 1923 by U.S. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> via transfer from <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Homeport</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, 1923</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, 1923–1941</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Nickname(s)</td><td><i>Guide</i> and <a href="/wiki/Survey_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey ship">survey ships</a> <a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Discoverer_(1918)" title="USC&GS Discoverer (1918)">USC&GS <i>Discoverer</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Pioneer_(1918)" title="USC&GS Pioneer (1918)">USC&GS <i>Pioneer</i></a> collectively were known as the "Bird Boats"</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Transferred to U.S. Navy 27 June 1941</td></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United States</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>USS <i>Viking</i> (ARS-1)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Acquired</td><td>27 June 1941</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>3 January 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Stricken</td><td>19 April 1953</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sold for scrapping, 22 July 1953</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics as minesweeper</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Lapwing-class_minesweeper" title="Lapwing-class minesweeper"><i>Lapwing</i>-class minesweeper</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>850 tons</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>180 ft (55 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>9 ft (2.7 m)9½"</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>Triple expansion reciprocating <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Babcock_%26_Wilcox" title="Babcock & Wilcox">Babcock & Wilcox</a> <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a>, one shaft.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>14 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (26 km/h; 16 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>78</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td>2 × <a href="/wiki/3%22/50_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="3"/50 caliber gun">3"/50 caliber</a> <a href="/wiki/Gun_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun mount">gun mounts</a></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics as survey ship</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Survey_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey ship">Survey ship</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>850 to 950 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>187.8 ft (57.2 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>35.5 ft (10.8 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>9.8 ft (3.0 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td>1,200 <a href="/wiki/Shaft_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaft horsepower">shaft horsepower</a> (1.6 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">megawatts</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>Two 200-<a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">psi</a> <a href="/wiki/Babcock_%26_Wilcox" title="Babcock & Wilcox">Babcock & Wilcox</a> <a href="/wiki/Boilers" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilers">boilers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harlan_and_Hollingsworth" title="Harlan and Hollingsworth">Harlan and Hollingsworth</a> <a href="/wiki/Vertical_triple_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical triple expansion">vertical triple expansion</a> engine; one shaft</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>14 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>USS <i>Flamingo</i> (AM-32)</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Lapwing-class_minesweeper" title="Lapwing-class minesweeper"><i>Lapwing</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweeper</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> near the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. After service overseas clearing mines after the <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a>, the ship was laid up until 1922 when she was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a> for use by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a>. Renamed <b>USC&GS <i>Guide</i></b>, the ship operated as a <a href="/wiki/Survey_vessel" title="Survey vessel">survey vessel</a> along the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</a> for 17 years, making significant contributions to <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_survey" title="Hydrographic survey">hydrographic surveying</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oceanography" title="Oceanography">oceanography</a>. In June 1941, <i>Guide</i> was transferred back to the Navy, converted into a <a href="/wiki/Salvage_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvage ship">salvage ship</a>, and renamed <b>USS <i>Viking</i> (ARS-1)</b>. As <i>Viking</i>, she worked primarily from bases in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> until 1953, when she was sold for scrapping. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="USS_Flamingo">USS <i>Flamingo</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Viking_(ARS-1)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: USS Flamingo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <b>USS <i>Flamingo</i> (AM-32)</b>, a <a href="/wiki/Lapwing-class_minesweeper" title="Lapwing-class minesweeper"><i>Lapwing</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minesweeper (ship)">minesweeper</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Keel-laying" class="mw-redirect" title="Keel-laying">laid down</a> on 18 October 1917 by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jersey_Drydock_and_Transportation_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Jersey Drydock and Transportation Company (page does not exist)">New Jersey Drydock and Transportation Company</a> at <a href="/wiki/Elizabethport,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethport, New Jersey">Elizabethport</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. She was <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">launched</a> on 24 August 1918 and <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> as USS <i>Flamingo</i>, Minesweeper No. 32, on 12 February 1919. <i>Flamingo</i> <a href="/wiki/Fitting_out" title="Fitting out">fitted out</a> at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Navy Yard">New York Navy Yard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and later shifted to <a href="/wiki/Tompkinsville,_Staten_Island" title="Tompkinsville, Staten Island">Tompkinsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, New York, on 29 March 1919. The minesweeper performed various towing jobs and carried stores locally in the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Naval_District" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Naval District">3rd Naval District</a> into the spring of 1919. On 10 April 1919, she suffered damage in a collision with an unnamed <a href="/wiki/Panama_Railroad_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama Railroad Company">Panama Railroad Company</a> <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tug</a>, and she underwent repairs at <a href="/wiki/Port_Richmond,_Staten_Island" title="Port Richmond, Staten Island">Port Richmond</a>, Staten Island. Shifting to the New York Navy Yard soon thereafter, <i>Flamingo</i> began fitting out for "distant service." </p><p><i>Flamingo</i> departed Tompkinsville on 18 May 1919 bound for the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney Islands</a>. Proceeding via <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, she arrived at <a href="/wiki/Kirkwall,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkwall, Scotland">Kirkwall</a>, Scotland, on 5 June 1919 to begin her tour of duty with the United States Minesweeping Detachment, <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. Along with U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Submarine_chaser" title="Submarine chaser">submarine chasers</a>, chartered British <a href="/wiki/Naval_trawler" title="Naval trawler">naval trawlers</a>, and fellow <i>Lapwing</i>-class minesweepers, <i>Flamingo</i> participated in the clearing of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Mine_Barrage" title="North Sea Mine Barrage">North Sea Mine Barrage</a>. Laid by the U.S. Navy after the United States entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the barrier had served as a formidable obstacle for German <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> based at North Sea ports. By 1919, however, the barrage merely hampered the resumption of peaceful commerce. </p><p>On 23 June 1919, <i>Flamingo</i> transported officers and men from Kirkwall to <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverness, Scotland">Inverness</a>, Scotland, and returned to her base in the evening carrying supplies for the detachment flagship, <a href="/wiki/USS_Black_Hawk_(AD-9)" title="USS Black Hawk (AD-9)">USS <i>Black Hawk</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Destroyer_Tender" class="mw-redirect" title="Destroyer Tender">Destroyer Tender</a> No. 9).<i>Flamingo</i> then performed tug duty at Kirkwallcbetween 25 June and 7 July 1919. On 11 July 1919, she departed to assist in clearing Group 11 of the mine barrage in the second phase of the fourth clearance operation conducted by the Minesweeping Detachment. </p><p>The first days were uneventful. On 15 July, <i>Flamingo</i> anchored for the night, as was usual practice, to the north of the minefield. During the ensuing evening hours, strong winds and currents caused herto drag her <a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">anchor</a>. She slowly worked southward from her original position. The next morning, when <i>Flamingo</i> weighed anchor to get underway, she discovered that she had drifted into the minefield and had fouled one of the <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a> in her anchor cable. The mine was trailing just beneath the <a href="/wiki/Fantail_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantail (ship)">fantail</a> of the ship and exploded beneath <i>Flamingo</i>′s stern. The underwater blast badly damaged the <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a>, disabled the <a href="/wiki/Capstan_(nautical)" title="Capstan (nautical)">capstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electrical_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical generator">generator</a>, and dished in the ship's stern plating in several places. <a href="/wiki/USS_Eider" title="USS Eider">USS <i>Eider</i></a> (Minesweeper No. 17) lent assistance and towed <i>Flamingo</i> to <a href="/wiki/Invergordon" title="Invergordon">Invergordon</a>, Scotland, for <a href="/wiki/Drydock" class="mw-redirect" title="Drydock">drydocking</a> and repairs on 17 July 1919. </p><p><i>Flamingo</i> was ready to return to the base at Kirkwall by early August 1919. She transported a cargo of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a> to <i>Black Hawk</i> on her return voyage, arriving at Kirkwall on 13 August 1919. Two days later, the minesweeper towed her crippled <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Pelican_(AM-27)" title="USS Pelican (AM-27)">USS <i>Pelican</i></a> (Minesweeper No. 27) to <a href="/wiki/South_Shields" title="South Shields">South Shields</a>, England, for drydocking and repairs in the wake of <i>Pelican</i>′s mining in July. </p><p>Later in August, <i>Flamingo</i> resumed her minesweeper duties with the detachment, working out of the Norwegian ports of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lervic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lervic (page does not exist)">Lervic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haugesund" title="Haugesund">Haugesund</a> before returning to Kirkwall via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otters_Wick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otters Wick (page does not exist)">Otters Wick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, on 7 September 1919. She subsequently participated in the final sweep of the mine barrage – the climactic sweep which detonated five mines, cut loose 47, and destroyed 50 – into late September 1919. Once the arduous and dangerous job was complete, <i>Flamingo</i> departed Kirkwall on 1 October 1919 and, after a voyage which took her via <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Devonport" title="HMNB Devonport">Devonport</a>, England; <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a>, France; <a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon, Portugal">Lisbon</a>, Portugal; the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, eventually arrived at Tompkinsville on 20 November 1919. </p><p>The pause at Tompkinsville was a brief one, however, for <i>Flamingo</i> was underway five days later, on 25 November 1919, bound for the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Navy Yard">Portsmouth Navy Yard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kittery,_Maine" title="Kittery, Maine">Kittery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>. She arrived on 28 November 1919 and soon commenced an overhaul. Assigned to the 1st Division, 2nd Mine Squadron, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atlantic_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Atlantic Fleet">United States Atlantic Fleet</a>, on 1 July 1920, <i>Flamingo</i> received the classification AM-32 on 17 July 1920, as the U.S. Navy adopted its <a href="/wiki/Hull_classification_symbol" title="Hull classification symbol">modern system of alphanumeric hull numbers</a> on that date. <i>Flamingo</i> operated with the 2nd Mine Squadron into the autumn of 1920, then was placed in reserve at Portsmouth Navy Yard on 18 November 1920. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="USC&GS_Guide"><span id="USC.26GS_Guide"></span>USC&GS <i>Guide</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Viking_(ARS-1)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: USC&GS Guide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USC%26GS_Guide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/USC%26GS_Guide.jpg/300px-USC%26GS_Guide.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/USC%26GS_Guide.jpg/450px-USC%26GS_Guide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/USC%26GS_Guide.jpg/600px-USC%26GS_Guide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Pioneer_(1918)" title="USC&GS Pioneer (1918)">USC&GS <i>Pioneer</i></a> and USC&GS <i>Guide</i> at <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Harbor,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Harbor, Alaska">Dutch Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory of Alaska</a>, in 1940.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Flamingo</i> remained inactive for almost a year a half before an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> of 25 March 1922 authorized the Navy to transfer the vessel to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a> for use by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a>, and she accordingly was <a href="/wiki/Ship_decommissioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship decommissioning">decommissioned</a> on 5 May 1922. Turned over to the Coast and Geodetic Survey at Portsmouth Navy Yard on 23 January 1923 for use as a <a href="/wiki/Survey_vessel" title="Survey vessel">survey vessel</a>, the ship was renamed <b>USC&GS <i>Guide</i></b>, first Coast and Geodetic Survey ship of the name, on 1 March 1923. She and the survey ships <a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Discoverer_(1918)" title="USC&GS Discoverer (1918)">USC&GS <i>Discoverer</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Pioneer_(1918)" title="USC&GS Pioneer (1918)">USC&GS <i>Pioneer</i></a>, also former Navy minesweepers, were known as the "Bird Boats" in the Coast and Geodetic Survey because all had been named after birds – <i>Guide</i> had been USS <i>Flamingo</i>, <i>Discoverer</i> had been <a href="/wiki/USS_Auk_(AM-38)" title="USS Auk (AM-38)">USS <i>Auk</i> (AM-38)</a>, and <i>Pioneer</i> had been <a href="/wiki/USS_Osprey_(AM-29)" title="USS Osprey (AM-29)">USS <i>Osprey</i> (AM-29)</a> – while in Navy service. </p><p>By January 1923, the Coast and Geodetic Survey had decided to install a Hayes sonic rangefinder – an early <a href="/wiki/Echo_sounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo sounder">echo sounder</a> – aboard <i>Guide</i>, which the Coast and Geodetic Survey planned to commission into its fleet later that year. It also decided to pursue the development of <a href="/wiki/Radio_acoustic_ranging" title="Radio acoustic ranging">radio acoustic ranging</a>, a new concept involving a method for determining a ship′s precise location at sea by detonating an explosive charge underwater near the ship, detecting the arrival of the underwater sound waves at <a href="/wiki/Hydrophone" title="Hydrophone">hydrophones</a> at remote locations, and radioing the time of arrival of the sound waves at the remote stations to the ship, allowing the ship′s crew to use <a href="/wiki/Triangulation" title="Triangulation">triangulation</a> to determine the ship′s position. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_H._Heck" title="Nicholas H. Heck">Nicholas H. Heck</a> (1882–1953), a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">officer</a>, took charge of that development process. Both echo sounding and radio acoustic ranging required a precise understanding of the speed of sound through water.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Guide</i>′s conversion to and <a href="/wiki/Fitting-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitting-out">fitting out</a> as a survey ship on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_East_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="United States East Coast">United States East Coast</a> was completed in 1923. After Heck oversaw tests at Coast and Geodetic Survey headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, that demonstrated that shipboard recording of the time of an explosion could be performed accurately enough for his radio acoustic ranging concept to work,<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heck had <i>Guide</i> based at <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>. Under his direction, <i>Guide</i> both tested her new echo sounder's ability to make accurate depth soundings and conducted radio acoustic ranging experiments in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Coast_Artillery_Corps" title="United States Army Coast Artillery Corps">United States Army Coast Artillery Corps</a>. Despite many difficulties, testing of both echo sounding and radio acoustic ranging wrapped up successfully in November 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late November 1923, with Heck aboard, <i>Guide</i> departed <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, bound for her new <a href="/wiki/Home_port" title="Home port">home port</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, with her route planned to take her over a wide variety of ocean depths so that she could continue to test her echo sounder.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Guide</i> made history during the voyage, becoming the first Coast and Geodetic Survey ship to use echo sounding to measure and record the depth of the sea at points along her course; she also measured water temperatures and took water samples so that the Scripps Institution for Biological Research (now the <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography" title="Scripps Institution of Oceanography">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a>) at <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla, California">La Jolla</a>, California, could measure <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> levels.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also compared echo sounder soundings with those made by lead lines, discovering that using a single speed of sound through water, as had been the previous practice by those conducting echo sounding experiments, yielded acoustic depth-finding results that did not match the depths found by lead lines.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She transited the Panama Canal on 8 December 1923. Before she reached San Diego later in December 1923, she had accumulated much data beneficial to the study of the movement of sound waves through water and measuring their velocity under varying conditions of salinity, <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, information essential both to depth-finding and radio acoustic ranging.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon arriving in California, Heck and <i>Guide</i> personnel in consultation with the Scripps Institution developed formulas that allowed accurate echo sounding of depths in all but the shallowest waters and installed hydrophones at La Jolla and <a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a>, California, to allow experimentation in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> with radio acoustic ranging.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Heck's direction, <i>Guide</i> then conducted experiments off the coast of California during the early months of 1924 that demonstrated that accurate echo sounding was possible using the new formulas. Experiments with radio acoustic ranging, despite initial difficulties, demonstrated that the method also was practical, although difficulty with getting some of the explosive charges to detonate hampered some of the experimental program.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1924, the Coast and Geodetic Survey concluded that both echo sounding and radio acoustic ranging were fundamentally sound, with no foundational problems left to solve, and that all that remained necessary was continued development and refinement of both techniques during their operational use. Heck turned over continued development of echo sounding and radio acoustic ranging to <i>Guide'</i>s commanding officer, <a href="/wiki/Commander_(United_States)" title="Commander (United States)">Commander</a> Robert Luce, and returned to his duties in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-start_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operating off <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> in 1924, <i>Guide</i> became the first ship to employ radio acoustic ranging operationally. While off Oregon that year, she successfully employed the technique at a distance of 206 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (382 km) between the ranging explosion and the remote hydrophones detecting its sound and in the process achieved the first observed indication of the ocean sound layer that was later called the <a href="/wiki/SOFAR_channel" title="SOFAR channel">sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel</a> or deep sound channel (DSC).<sup id="cite_ref-theberge20091202_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theberge20091202-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based at San Diego and conducting <a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_survey" title="Hydrographic survey">hydrographic surveys</a> off the U.S. West Coast, <i>Guide</i> performed Coast and Geodetic Survey duties for over 17 years. In company with <i>Pioneer</i>, she conducted many early <a href="/wiki/Bathymetry" title="Bathymetry">bathymetric</a> surveys on the U.S. West Coast. On more than one occasion, <i>Guide</i> assisted mariners in distress. On 3 June 1927, she came to the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a> <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooner</a> <i>City of Nome</i>, which was on fire at <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_Washington" title="Aberdeen, Washington">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Times060627a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times060627a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Guide</i> stood by <i>City of Nome</i> until 5 June 1927, pumped water into the schooner, and helped retard the fire sufficiently to allow <a href="/wiki/Marine_salvage" title="Marine salvage">salvage</a> of <i>City of Nome</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a>. On 4 February 1933, she rendered assistance to the <a href="/wiki/Fishing_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing boat">fishing boat</a> <i>Giuseppina</i>, which had broken down with engine trouble in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a>, California. </p><p>As tensions mounted in Europe and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> in the late 1930s, the U.S. Navy expanded to meet the emergency, especially after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> began in Europe following the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. The Navy needed <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary vessel">auxiliary vessels</a> of various types, and cast a wide net in looking for them. One of the ships identified for transfer to the Navy was <i>Guide</i>, and, on 27 June 1941, she was transferred from the Coast and Geodetic Survey to the Navy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Viking_(ARS-1)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An underwater geographic feature of the Pacific Ocean, <a href="/wiki/Guide_Seamount" title="Guide Seamount">Guide Seamount</a> off the coast of California, is named for <i>Guide</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="USS_Viking">USS <i>Viking</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Viking_(ARS-1)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: USS Viking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 July 1941, work to convert the vessel into a <a href="/wiki/Rescue_and_salvage_ship" title="Rescue and salvage ship">rescue and salvage ship</a> began at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego_Marine_Construction_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Diego Marine Construction Company (page does not exist)">San Diego Marine Construction Company</a> in San Diego. During the reconfiguration, the Navy renamed the ship <b>USS <i>Viking</i></b>, third U.S. Navy ship of the name, on 5 August 1941 and classified her as <b>ARS-1</b>. While the alterations were still in progress, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> aircraft <a href="/wiki/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked</a> <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> on 7 December 1941, plunging the United States into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Placed in service on 3 January 1942, <i>Viking</i> was pronounced ready for duty on 12 February 1942. </p><p>Manned by a civilian crew and operated from San Diego by the Merritt, Chapman, and Scott <a href="/wiki/Marine_salvage" title="Marine salvage">salvage</a> firm – a civilian company working under a contract let by the U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ships" title="Bureau of Ships">Bureau of Ships</a> – <i>Viking</i> was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/11th_Naval_District" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Naval District">11th Naval District</a>. </p><p>Between 3 and 6 July 1942, <i>Viking</i> assisted two U.S. Navy local <a href="/wiki/Patrol_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrol craft">patrol craft</a>, <i>YP-267</i> and <i>YP-269</i>, which had run aground off San Diego, towing them both back to port for repairs. According to her movement reports, <i>Viking</i> appears to have spent an uneventful autumn and winter at her home port.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Viking</i> shifted to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a>, California, briefly in January 1943, en route <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalupe, Baja California">Guadalupe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>, Mexico, to perform emergency salvage operations under the aegis of the Commander, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sea_Frontier" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Sea Frontier">Western Sea Frontier</a>. Returning to San Diego in February 1943, <i>Viking</i> operated there into 1944. </p><p>On 27 October 1944, <i>Viking</i> steamed to <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pedro, California">San Pedro</a>, California, for a refit. She returned to San Diego later in November 1944. On 31 December 1944, <i>Viking</i> departed San Diego in company with the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_ocean_tug" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet ocean tug">fleet ocean tug</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Tenino" title="USS Tenino">USS <i>Tenino</i> (ATF-115)</a> bound for <a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a>. There, the two vessels joined the rescue and salvage ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Seize" title="USS Seize">USS <i>Seize</i> (ARS-26)</a> in unsuccessful attempts to refloat the grounded <a href="/wiki/Tank_landing_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank landing ship">tank landing ship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_LST-563" title="USS LST-563">USS <i>LST-563</i></a>. During the salvage operation, <i>Viking</i> suffered damage from heavy seas and put into San Diego for repairs soon thereafter. </p><p><i>Viking</i> subsequently operated out of San Diego and San Pedro through the end of World War II in mid-August 1945. She performed tug and tow services for ships ranging in size from <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> to tank landing ships into the 1950s. In December 1949, she aided the grounded steamer <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Aristocratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Aristocratus (page does not exist)">SS <i>Aristocratus</i></a> off the south point of California′s <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Island,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa Island, California">Santa Rosa Island</a>. Eventually, <i>Viking's</i> area of operations embraced <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Hueneme,_California" title="Port Hueneme, California">Port Hueneme</a>, California, as well as the San Diego area. </p><p>Relieved by the rescue and salvage ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Gear" title="USS Gear">USS <i>Gear</i> (ARS-34)</a> as salvage vessel for the 11th Naval District, <i>Viking</i> was returned to Navy custody by the Merritt, Chapman, and Scott salvage firm. On 17 March 1953, she was authorized for disposal, and her name was struck from the <a href="/wiki/Navy_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy list">Navy list</a> on 19 April 1953. She lay at the Naval Supply Depot at San Pedro until sold on 22 July 1953 to Nathan Cohen and Son, Inc., of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a>, California. She was scrapped soon thereafter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Viking_(ARS-1)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-start-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.noaa.gov/stories_tales/acoustic.html">NOAA History: The Start of the Acoustic Work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theberge20091202-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theberge20091202_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/system-without-fixed-points">Theberge, Alfred E., "System Without Fixed Points: Development of the Radio-Acoustic Ranging Navigation Technique (Part 1)," hydro-international.com, December 2, 2009.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/the-discovery-of-long-distance-sound-transmission-in-the-ocean">hydro-international.com The Discovery of Long-Distance Sound Transmission in the Ocean</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times060627a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Times060627a_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1">"Casualty reports". <i>The Times</i>. No. 44600. London. 6 June 1927. col G, p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Casualty+reports&rft.issue=44600&rft.pages=col+G%2C+p.-18&rft.date=1927-06-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Viking+%28ARS-1%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> </i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Naval_Fighting_Ships" title="Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships">Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</a><i>. The entry can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/v/viking-ars-1-iii.html">here</a>.</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/11/02032.htm">NavSource.org NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive USS Viking (ARS-1) ex-USC&GS Guide ex-USS Flamingo (AM-32) ex-Minesweeper No. 32</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.noaa.gov/ships/guide.html">NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Tools of the Trade: Ships: Coast and Geodetic Survey Ships: Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.noaa.gov/hallofhonor/lifesaving1845-1937.html">NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Hall of Honor: Lifesaving and Protection of Property by the Coast & Geodetic Survey 1845-1937</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Viking_(ARS-1)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/11/02032.htm">Photo gallery</a> of <i>Viking</i> at NavSource Naval History</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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talk:Lapwing class minesweeper"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lapwing_class_minesweeper" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lapwing class minesweeper"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lapwing-class_minesweepers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lapwing-class_minesweeper" title="Lapwing-class minesweeper"><i>Lapwing</i>-class minesweepers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweepers</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lapwing_(AM-1)" title="USS Lapwing (AM-1)"><i>Lapwing</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Owl_(AM-2)" title="USS Owl (AM-2)"><i>Owl</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Robin_(AM-3)" title="USS Robin (AM-3)"><i>Robin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Swallow_(AM-4)" title="USS Swallow (AM-4)"><i>Swallow</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Tanager_(AM-5)" title="USS Tanager (AM-5)"><i>Tanager</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cardinal_(AM-6)" title="USS Cardinal (AM-6)"><i>Cardinal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oriole_(AM-7)" title="USS Oriole (AM-7)"><i>Oriole</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Curlew_(AM-8)" title="USS Curlew (AM-8)"><i>Curlew</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Finch_(AM-9)" title="USS Finch (AM-9)"><i>Finch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Heron_(AM-10)" title="USS Heron (AM-10)"><i>Heron</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Condor" title="USS Condor"><i>Condor</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Plover" title="USS Plover"><i>Plover</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Turkey_(AM-13)" title="USS Turkey (AM-13)"><i>Turkey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Woodcock" title="USS Woodcock"><i>Woodcock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Quail_(AM-15)" title="USS Quail (AM-15)"><i>Quail</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Partridge_(AM-16)" title="USS Partridge (AM-16)"><i>Partridge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Eider" title="USS Eider"><i>Eider</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Thrush_(AM-18)" title="USS Thrush (AM-18)"><i>Thrush</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Avocet_(AVP-4)" title="USS Avocet (AVP-4)"><i>Avocet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Bobolink_(AM-20)" title="USS Bobolink (AM-20)"><i>Bobolink</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lark_(AM-21)" title="USS Lark (AM-21)"><i>Lark</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Widgeon_(AM-22)" title="USS Widgeon (AM-22)"><i>Widgeon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Teal" title="USS Teal"><i>Teal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Brant_(AM-24)" title="USS Brant (AM-24)"><i>Brant</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Kingfisher_(AM-25)" title="USS Kingfisher (AM-25)"><i>Kingfisher</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Rail_(AM-26)" title="USS Rail (AM-26)"><i>Rail</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pelican_(AM-27)" title="USS Pelican (AM-27)"><i>Pelican</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Falcon_(AM-28)" title="USS Falcon (AM-28)"><i>Falcon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Osprey_(AM-29)" title="USS Osprey (AM-29)"><i>Osprey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Seagull_(AM-30)" title="USS Seagull (AM-30)"><i>Seagull</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Tern_(AM-31)" title="USS Tern (AM-31)"><i>Tern</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Flamingo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Penguin_(AM-33)" title="USS Penguin (AM-33)"><i>Penguin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Swan_(AM-34)" title="USS Swan (AM-34)"><i>Swan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Whippoorwill_(AM-35)" title="USS Whippoorwill (AM-35)"><i>Whippoorwill</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Bittern_(AM-36)" title="USS Bittern (AM-36)"><i>Bittern</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Sanderling_(AM-37)" title="USS Sanderling (AM-37)"><i>Sanderling</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Auk_(AM-38)" title="USS Auk (AM-38)"><i>Auk</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Chewink_(AM-39)" title="USS Chewink (AM-39)"><i>Chewink</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cormorant_(AM-40)" title="USS Cormorant (AM-40)"><i>Cormorant</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Gannet_(AM-41)" title="USS Gannet (AM-41)"><i>Gannet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Grebe" title="USS Grebe"><i>Grebe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Mallard_(AM-44)" title="USS Mallard (AM-44)"><i>Mallard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Ortolan_(AM-45)" title="USS Ortolan (AM-45)"><i>Ortolan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Peacock_(AM-46)" title="USS Peacock (AM-46)"><i>Peacock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pigeon_(ASR-6)" title="USS Pigeon (ASR-6)"><i>Pigeon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Redwing_(AM-48)" title="USS Redwing (AM-48)"><i>Redwing</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Sandpiper_(AM-51)" title="USS Sandpiper (AM-51)"><i>Sandpiper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vireo_(AM-52)" title="USS Vireo (AM-52)"><i>Vireo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Warbler_(AM-53)" title="USS Warbler (AM-53)"><i>Warbler</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Willet" title="USS Willet"><i>Willet</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Rescue_and_salvage_ship" title="Rescue and salvage ship">rescue and salvage ships</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Viking</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Survey_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey ship">survey ships</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Auk_(AM-38)" title="USS Auk (AM-38)"><i>Discoverer</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Guide</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Osprey_(AM-29)" title="USS Osprey (AM-29)"><i>Pioneer</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <i>None</i></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Raven-class_minesweeper" title="Raven-class minesweeper"><i>Raven</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mine_warfare_vessels_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of mine warfare vessels of the United States Navy">List of minesweepers of the United States Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1919" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1919_shipwrecks" title="Template:1919 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1919_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:1919 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1919_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1919 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1919" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1919</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1919" title="List of shipwrecks in 1919">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1 Jan: <a href="/wiki/HMY_Iolaire" title="HMY Iolaire">HMY <i>Iolaire</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jan: <a href="/wiki/SM_UC-40" title="SM UC-40"><i>UC-40</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Jan: <i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Feb: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Erin%27s_Isle" title="HMS Erin's Isle">HMS <i>Erin's Isle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Feb: <a href="/wiki/SM_U-16_(Germany)" title="SM U-16 (Germany)"><i>U-16</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Feb: <a href="/wiki/SM_UC-91" title="SM UC-91"><i>UC-91</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Feb: <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Mirabeau" title="French battleship Mirabeau"><i>Mirabeau</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Feb: <a href="/wiki/SM_UC-71" title="SM UC-71"><i>UC-71</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Feb: <a href="/wiki/SM_U-21_(Germany)" title="SM U-21 (Germany)"><i>U-21</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Mar: <a href="/wiki/HNoMS_Thor_(1872)" title="HNoMS Thor (1872)">HNoMS <i>Thor</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Vulkan" title="SMS Vulkan">SMS <i>Vulkan</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SM_U-118" title="SM U-118"><i>U-118</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Freehold" title="USS Freehold">USS <i>Freehold</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 April: <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Narval" title="Russian submarine Narval"><i>Narval</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Kit" title="Russian submarine Kit"><i>Kit</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_submarine_Kashalot_(1915)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian submarine Kashalot (1915) (page does not exist)"><i>Kashalot</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Courtney_(SP-375)" title="USS Courtney (SP-375)">USS <i>Courtney</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Otis_W._Douglas" title="USS Otis W. Douglas">USS <i>Otis W. Douglas</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Gypsum_Queen" title="USS Gypsum Queen">USS <i>Gypsum Queen</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_James" title="USS James">USS <i>James</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">April (unknown date): <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Potemkin" title="Russian battleship Potemkin">Borets za Svobodu</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cupar_(1918)" title="HMS Cupar (1918)">HMS <i>Cupar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">5 May: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Leipzig_(1875)" title="SMS Leipzig (1875)">SMS <i>Leipzig</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Chilean_submarine_Rucumilla" title="Chilean submarine Rucumilla"><i>Rucumilla</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_L55" title="HMS L55">HMS <i>L55</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Jun: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kinross" title="HMS Kinross">HMS <i>Kinross</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Oleg" title="Russian cruiser Oleg"><i>Oleg</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jun: <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_German_fleet_at_Scapa_Flow" title="Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow">Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow</a> – <a href="/wiki/SMS_Bayern" title="SMS Bayern">SMS <i>Bayern</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Bremse" title="SMS Bremse">SMS <i>Bremse</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Brummer" title="SMS Brummer">SMS <i>Brummer</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_C%C3%B6ln_(1916)" title="SMS Cöln (1916)">SMS <i>Cöln</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Dresden_(1917)" title="SMS Dresden (1917)">SMS <i>Dresden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Derfflinger" title="SMS Derfflinger">SMS <i>Derfflinger</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1916)" title="SMS Emden (1916)">SMS <i>Emden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Friedrich_der_Grosse_(1911)" title="SMS Friedrich der Grosse (1911)">SMS <i>Friedrich der Grosse</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_G38" title="SMS G38">SMS <i>G38</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_G39" title="SMS G39">SMS <i>G39</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_G40" title="SMS G40">SMS <i>G40</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hindenburg" title="SMS Hindenburg">SMS <i>Hindenburg</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1913)" title="SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913)">SMS <i>Grosser Kurfürst</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kaiser_(1911)" title="SMS Kaiser (1911)">SMS <i>Kaiser</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kaiserin" title="SMS Kaiserin">SMS <i>Kaiserin</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Karlsruhe_(1916)" title="SMS Karlsruhe (1916)">SMS <i>Karlsruhe</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_K%C3%B6nig" title="SMS König">SMS <i>König</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_K%C3%B6nig_Albert" title="SMS König Albert">SMS <i>König Albert</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kronprinz" title="SMS Kronprinz">SMS <i>Kronprinz Wilhelm</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Markgraf" title="SMS Markgraf">SMS <i>Markgraf</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Moltke" title="SMS Moltke">SMS <i>Moltke</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Prinzregent_Luitpold" title="SMS Prinzregent Luitpold">SMS <i>Prinzregent Luitpold</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_S32_(1914)" title="SMS S32 (1914)">SMS <i>S32</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_S36_(1914)" title="SMS S36 (1914)">SMS <i>S36</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_S50" title="SMS S50">SMS <i>S50</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Seydlitz" title="SMS Seydlitz">SMS <i>Seydlitz</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_V45" title="SMS V45">SMS <i>V45</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_V46" title="SMS V46">SMS <i>V46</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Von_der_Tann" title="SMS Von der Tann">SMS <i>Von der Tann</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_G102" title="SMS G102">SMS <i>G102</i></a> </span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Jun: <a href="/wiki/PS_Duchess_of_Richmond_(1910)" title="PS Duchess of Richmond (1910)"><i>Duchess of Richmond</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jun (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/SS_Erinpura" title="SS Erinpura"><i>Erinpura</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_May" title="USS May">USS <i>May</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_G-2" title="USS G-2">USS <i>G-2</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Aug: <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Basilicata" title="Italian cruiser Basilicata"><i>Basilicata</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Aug: <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Pamiat_Azova" title="Russian cruiser Pamiat Azova">Dvina</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 Sep: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Vittoria_(1917)" title="HMS Vittoria (1917)">HMS <i>Vittoria</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 Sep: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Verulam_(1917)" title="HMS Verulam (1917)">HMS <i>Verulam</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Sep: <a href="/wiki/SS_Valbanera" title="SS Valbanera"><i>Valbanera</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Sep: <a href="/wiki/USS_St._Sebastian" title="USS St. Sebastian">USS <i>St. Sebastian</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Sylvia_(SP-471)" title="USS Sylvia (SP-471)">USS <i>SP-471</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Sep: <a href="/wiki/USS_Coco" title="USS Coco">USS <i>Coco</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Katherine_K." title="USS Katherine K.">USS <i>Katherine K.</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Patrol_No._1" title="USS Patrol No. 1">USS <i>Patrol No. 1</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Sea_Hawk" title="USS Sea Hawk">USS <i>Sea Hawk</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Sep: <a href="/wiki/USS_Helena_I" title="USS Helena I">USS <i>Helena I</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Sep: <a href="/wiki/HMS_M25" title="HMS M25">HMS <i>M25</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_M27" title="HMS M27">HMS <i>M27</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_West_Arvada" title="SS West Arvada"><i>West Arvada</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 Sep: <a href="/wiki/ML-18_(motor_launch_boat)" title="ML-18 (motor launch boat)"><i>ML-18</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/ML-62_(motor_launch_boat)" title="ML-62 (motor launch boat)"><i>ML-62</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/ML-191_(motor_launch_boat)" title="ML-191 (motor launch boat)"><i>ML-191</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Ossifrage" title="SS Ossifrage"><i>Ossifrage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Sep: <a href="/wiki/SS_Auguste_Helmerich" title="SS Auguste Helmerich"><i>August Helmerich</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Frank_O%27Connor" title="SS Frank O'Connor"><i>Frank O'Connor</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Sizergh_Castle" title="SS Sizergh Castle"><i>Sizergh Castle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Daram" title="SS Daram"><i>Daram</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Kaiser_Franz_Joseph_I" title="SMS Kaiser Franz Joseph I">SMS <i>Kaiser Franz Joseph I</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_H41" title="HMS H41">HMS <i>H41</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Oct <a href="/wiki/Russian_destroyer_Gavriil" title="Russian destroyer Gavriil"><i>Gavriil</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Fazilka" title="SS Fazilka"><i>Fazilka</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Nov: <a href="/wiki/SS_Council_Bluffs" title="SS Council Bluffs"><i>Council Bluffs</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Nov: <a href="/wiki/SS_Myron" title="SS Myron"><i>Myron</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Nov: <a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Poltava_(1911)" title="Russian battleship Poltava (1911)"><i>Poltava</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 Dec: <a href="/wiki/USS_Kerwood" title="USS Kerwood">USS <i>Kerwood</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Cufic_(1888)" title="SS Cufic (1888)"><i>Cufic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <i><a href="/wiki/SM_UB-14" title="SM UB-14">UB-14</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1 Jan: USS <a href="/wiki/SS_Northern_Pacific" title="SS Northern Pacific"><i>Northern Pacific</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Jan <a href="/wiki/SS_Prince_Rupert" title="SS Prince Rupert"><i>Prince Rupert</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 Feb: <a href="/wiki/USS_Narragansett_(SP-2196)" title="USS Narragansett (SP-2196)">USS <i>Narragansett</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Feb: <a href="/wiki/RMS_Aquitania" title="RMS Aquitania">RMS <i>Aquitania</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mar: <a href="/wiki/Russian_monitor_Perun" title="Russian monitor Perun"><i>Perun</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Apr: <a href="/wiki/RMS_Saxonia_(1899)" title="RMS Saxonia (1899)"><i>Saxonia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 Jun: <a href="/wiki/USS_Halcyon_II_(SP-582)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Halcyon II (SP-582)">USS <i>SP-582</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Baden" title="SMS Baden">SMS <i>Baden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1916)" title="SMS Emden (1916)">SMS <i>Emden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Frankfurt" title="SMS Frankfurt">SMS <i>Frankfurt</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_N%C3%BCrnberg_(1916)" title="SMS Nürnberg (1916)">SMS <i>Nürnberg</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jun (unknown date): USS <a href="/wiki/MS_West_Grama" title="MS West Grama"><i>West Grama</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Grampian" title="SS Grampian"><i>Grampian</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Edward_Luckenbach" title="SS Edward Luckenbach">USS <i>Edward Luckenbach</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Jul: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">USS <i>Flamingo</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Sep: <a href="/wiki/USS_R-6" title="USS R-6">USS <i>R-6</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sep (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/SS_Sangola" title="SS Sangola"><i>Sangola</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Vulcan_(1889)" title="HMS Vulcan (1889)">HMS <i>Vulcan</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">October (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/SS_Prince_Rupert" title="SS Prince Rupert"><i>Prince Rupert</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Nov <a href="/wiki/SS_Juan_Casiano" title="SS Juan Casiano"><i>Juan Casiano</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Nov <a href="/wiki/SS_Rastrello" title="SS Rastrello"><i>Atle Jarl</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Jan <a href="/wiki/SS_Prince_Rupert" title="SS Prince Rupert"><i>Prince Rupert</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 Dec: <a href="/wiki/USFS_Murre" title="USFS Murre">USFS <i>Murre</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-11" title="Japanese submarine Ro-11">Submarine No. 19</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-12" title="Japanese submarine Ro-12">Submarine No. 20</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1918" title="List of shipwrecks in 1918">1918</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1918" title="List of shipwrecks in 1918"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1920" title="List of shipwrecks in 1920"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1920" title="List of shipwrecks in 1920">1920</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_December_1918" title="List of shipwrecks in December 1918">December 1918</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_December_1918" title="List of shipwrecks in December 1918"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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