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<span>Swedish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sami_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sami_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sami languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sami_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Romani</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Finland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ফিনল্যান্ডের ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিনল্যান্ডের ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soome_keeled" title="Soome keeled – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Soome keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandiako_hizkuntzak" title="Finlandiako hizkuntzak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Finlandiako hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_en_Finlande" title="Langues en Finlande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues en Finlande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_di_Finlandia" title="Bahasa di Finlandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa di Finlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k_i_Finland" title="Språk i Finland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Språk i Finland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Языки Финляндии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языки Финляндии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_kielet" title="Suomen kielet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suomen kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k_i_Finland" title="Språk i Finland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Språk i Finland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Мови Фінляндії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мови Фінляндії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_t%E1%BA%A1i_Ph%E1%BA%A7n_Lan" title="Ngôn ngữ tại Phần Lan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ tại Phần Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1232329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#efefef;">Languages of Finland</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">1st</a>: 86%, <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">2nd</a>: 13%) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">1st</a>: 5%, <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">2nd</a>: 44%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Minority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>officially recognized</b>: <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Immigrant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese languages">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Foreign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (70%) <br /> <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (30%) <br /> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (10%)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a><br />Basic Finnish/Swedish<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/KB_Sweden.svg/200px-KB_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/KB_Sweden.svg/300px-KB_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/KB_Sweden.svg/400px-KB_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Finnish_multilingual" title="Keyboard layout">Finnish Multilingual</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg/200px-KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg/300px-KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg/400px-KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">[1]</a> (europa.eu)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The two main official <b>languages of Finland</b> are <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>. There are also several official <a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">minority languages</a>: three variants of <a href="/wiki/Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami language">Sami</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish Sign Language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finnish">Finnish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Finnish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_(2016).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg/200px-Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg/300px-Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg/400px-Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="3220" /></a><figcaption>Municipalities of Finland: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EEEEC1; color:black;"> </span> unilingually Finnish</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#37ABC8; color:black;"> </span> bilingual with Finnish as majority language, Swedish as minority language</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0055D4; color:white;"> </span> bilingual with Swedish as majority language, Finnish as minority language</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000080; color:white;"> </span> unilingually Swedish</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#800033; color:white;"> </span> bilingual with Finnish as majority language, Sami as minority language</div></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish language</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> is the language of the majority, 85.7% of the population in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic language</a> closely related to <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> and less closely to the <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Swedish">Swedish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Swedish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Finland Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_Swedish" class="mw-redirect" title="Åland Swedish">Åland Swedish</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> is the main language of 5.2% of the population in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (92.4% in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> autonomous province), down from 14% at the beginning of the 20th century. In 2012, 44% of Finnish citizens with another registered primary language than Swedish could hold a conversation in this language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swedish was the language of the administration until the late 19th century. Today it is one of the two main official languages, with a position equal to Finnish in most legislation, though the working language in most governmental bodies is Finnish. Both Finnish and Swedish are <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Swedish" title="Mandatory Swedish">compulsory subjects</a> in school with an exception for children with a third language as their native language. A successfully completed language test is a prerequisite for governmental offices where a university degree is required. </p><p>The four largest Swedish-speaking communities in Finland, in absolute numbers, are those of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porvoo" title="Porvoo">Porvoo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaasa" title="Vaasa">Vaasa</a>, where they constitute significant minorities. In Helsinki, currently 5.5% of the population are native Swedish speakers and 18.3% are native speakers of languages other than Finnish and Swedish.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish dialects spoken in Finland mainland are known as <a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland-Swedish">Finland-Swedish</a>. There is a rich Finland-Swedish literature, including authors such as <a href="/wiki/Tove_Jansson" title="Tove Jansson">Tove Jansson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Johan Ludvig Runeberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_S%C3%B6dergran" title="Edith Södergran">Edith Södergran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Topelius" class="mw-redirect" title="Zacharias Topelius">Zacharias Topelius</a>. Runeberg is considered Finland's <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a> and wrote the national anthem, "<a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme">Vårt land</a>", which was only later translated to Finnish. </p><p>Within language policy making in Finland, <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Taxell#Taxell's_Paradox" title="Christoffer Taxell">Taxell's paradox</a> refers to the notion that monolingual solutions are essential to the realization of functional bilingualism, with multilingual solutions ultimately leading to monolingualism. The thinking is based on the observation of the Swedish language in environments such as schools is subordinated to the majority language Finnish for practical and social reasons, despite the positive characteristics associated with mutual language learning.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is spoken as a <a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">foreign language</a> by most Finns. Official statistics from 2012 show that at least 70% of <a href="/wiki/Finnish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish people">Finns</a> can speak English.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English is the native language of 0.5% of the Finnish population.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sami_languages">Sami languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sami languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg/220px-Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg/330px-Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg/440px-Karigasniemi_border_20090715.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Traffic signs in Utsjoki, written in Finnish and in Northern Sámi, marking the municipal border.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami languages</a> are a group of related languages spoken across <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland</a>. They are distantly related to Finnish. The three Sami languages spoken in Finland, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sami">Northern Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami</a>, have a combined native speaker population of only 2,035 in 2022 albeit there are more than 10,000 Sami people in Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romani">Romani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Romani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Romani language in Finland is called <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Kalo">Finnish Kalo</a>. It has been spoken in Finland for roughly 450 years. It has been significantly influenced by other languages in Finland, such as Finnish. Of the around 13,000 <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Romani">Finnish Romani</a>, only 30% speak and understand the language well. The number of speakers diminished drastically after WW2. Most Finnish Romani speak Finnish or Swedish in their day-to-day life.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finnish municipalities have the possibility to organize education in Finnish Kalo, if there are a sufficient amount of Romani children to form a group. A significant challenge to this is the lack of Finnish Kalo teachers. According to the Finnish constitution, Finnish Romani have the right to practise their language and culture. The number of Romani language speakers is estimated to have decreased by 40% over the past 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karelian">Karelian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Karelian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a> was spoken in the historical Border-Karelia region (<i>Raja-Karjala</i>) on the northeastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a>. After the war, evacuated Karelian speakers were settled all over Finland. In 2001, the Karelian Language Society estimated that the language was understood by 11,000–12,000 people in Finland, most of whom were elderly. A more recent estimate is that there are around 5,000 first language speakers in Finland, but the size of the language community is 30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karelian was recognized in a regulation by the then president <a href="/wiki/Tarja_Halonen" title="Tarja Halonen">Tarja Halonen</a> in November 2009, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian">Russian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Russian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg/220px-Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg/330px-Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg/440px-Sofiankatu_street_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>A trilingual museum street sign in Helsinki with Russian, Finnish and Swedish represented. </figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian language is the most spoken immigrant language in Finland (1.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the Russian language still has no official minority status in Finland, although historically it served as a third co-official language with Finnish and Swedish between 1900 and 1917. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sign_languages">Sign languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sign languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Finland, two sign languages have official status, the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish Sign Language</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish Sign language</a>, both of which belong to the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sign_Language_family" title="Swedish Sign Language family">Swedish Sign Language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finnish Sign Language is the <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a> most commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. There are 5,000 Finnish <a href="/wiki/Deaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf">deaf</a> who have Finnish Sign Language as a first language. As the Finnish system records users by their <a href="/wiki/Written_language" title="Written language">written language</a>, not their <a href="/wiki/Spoken_language" title="Spoken language">spoken</a> alone, nearly all deaf people who sign are assigned this way and may be subsumed into the overall Finnish language figures. However, <a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish sign</a> is today only spoken by around 300 people, and is severely endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_bilingualism">Territorial bilingualism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Territorial bilingualism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg/200px-Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg/300px-Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg/400px-Helsinki_municipal_border_sign_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption>For example, in some regions road signs are written first in Finnish and then in Swedish or even in some areas vice versa.</figcaption></figure> <p>All municipalities outside <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> where both official languages are spoken by either at least 8% of the population or at least 3,000 people are considered bilingual. Swedish reaches these criteria in 59 out of 336 municipalities located in Åland (where this does not matter) and the coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/Ostrobothnia_(region)" title="Ostrobothnia (region)">Ostrobothnia region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Finland" title="Southwest Finland">Southwest Finland</a> (especially in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85boland" title="Åboland">Åboland</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Uusimaa" title="Uusimaa">Uusimaa</a>. Outside these areas there are some towns with significant Swedish-speaking minorities not reaching the criteria. Thus the inland is officially unilingually Finnish-speaking. Finnish reaches the criteria everywhere but in Åland and in three municipalities in the <a href="/wiki/Ostrobothnia_(region)" title="Ostrobothnia (region)">Ostrobothnia region</a>, which is also the only <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">region</a> on the Finnish mainland with a Swedish-speaking majority (52% to 46%). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami languages</a> have an official status in the northernmost Finland, in <a href="/wiki/Utsjoki" title="Utsjoki">Utsjoki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enonteki%C3%B6" title="Enontekiö">Enontekiö</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Sodankyl%C3%A4" title="Sodankylä">Sodankylä</a>, regardless of proportion of speakers. </p><p>In the bilingual municipalities signs are in both languages, important documents are translated and authorities have to be able to serve in both languages. Authorities of the central administration have to serve the public in both official languages, regardless of location, and in Sami in certain circumstances. </p><p>Places often have different names in Finnish and in Swedish, both names being equally official as name of the town. For a list, see <a href="/wiki/Names_of_places_in_Finland_in_Finnish_and_in_Swedish" title="Names of places in Finland in Finnish and in Swedish">Names of places in Finland in Finnish and in Swedish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#C5C5C5; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 276.12648198156px; border-left-color:#4189DD"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#4189DD"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#4189DD"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 253.03555600337px; border-left-color:#FFFFFF"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FFFFFF"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FFFFFF"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 227.54733746112px; border-left-color:#165D31"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#165D31"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#165D31"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 201.55467623159px; border-left-color:#0072CE"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#0072CE"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#0072CE"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 175.83170544689px; border-left-color:#D52B1E"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#D52B1E"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#D52B1E"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 137.45648693893px; border-left-color:#FFCD00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FFCD00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FFCD00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 71.603528462567px; border-left-color:#002F6C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#002F6C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#002F6C"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Population by mother tongue (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#002F6C; color:white;"> </span> Finnish (84.89%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFCD00; color:black;"> </span> Swedish (5.10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D52B1E; color:white;"> </span> Russian (1.78%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0072CE; color:white;"> </span> Estonian (0.90%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#165D31; color:white;"> </span> Arabic (0.74%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span> English (0.60%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4189DD; color:black;"> </span> Somali (0.46%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C5C5C5; color:black;"> </span> Other (5.53%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg/220px-Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg/330px-Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg/440px-Foreign_languages_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">foreign languages</a> and Swedish as <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a> in Finland, in percent of the adult population, 2005</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png/220px-Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png/330px-Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png/440px-Knowledge_of_English_in_Finland_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Knowledge of the English language in Finland, 2005. According to the Eurobarometer,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 63% of the respondents indicated that they know English well enough to have a conversation. Of these 23% (percent, not percentage points) reported a very good knowledge of the language whereas 34% had a good knowledge and 43% basic English skills.</figcaption></figure> <p>93% of Finns aged 18–64 can speak a foreign language, and 78% can speak two or more. 2,184,000 or 66% can speak both Swedish and English, while 1,003,000 (30%) can speak German and English and 882,000 (27%) Swedish and German.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-center tr::before{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"No.";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"#";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border:0 solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#aaaaaa}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#c8ccd1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:rgba(84,89,93,.3)}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 inset #202122}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable):not(.mw-datatable) tr::before{border-color:#000000}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 solid #c8ccd1}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{border-top-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:last-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tfoot tr:last-child::before{border-bottom-width:1px}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Residents of Finland by native language<br />(2011 and 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Language </th> <th colspan="2">Speakers </th> <th rowspan="2">Percentage<br />of total<br />population<br />(2021) </th></tr> <tr> <th>(2011) </th> <th>(2021) </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ffdead;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td align="right">4,863,351</td> <td align="right">4,800,243</td> <td align="right">86.52% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffdead;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Swedish</a></td> <td align="right">291,219</td> <td align="right">287,933</td> <td align="right">5.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td align="right">58,331</td> <td align="right">87,552</td> <td align="right">1.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a></td> <td align="right">33,076</td> <td align="right">50,232</td> <td align="right">0.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td align="right">11,252</td> <td align="right">36,466</td> <td align="right">0.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td align="right">13,804</td> <td align="right">25,638</td> <td align="right">0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></td> <td align="right">14,045</td> <td align="right">23,656</td> <td align="right">0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td> <td align="right">5,623</td> <td align="right">16,499</td> <td align="right">0.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a></td> <td align="right">8,623</td> <td align="right">15,850</td> <td align="right">0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese languages">Chinese</a></td> <td align="right">8,257</td> <td align="right">14,780</td> <td align="right">0.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></td> <td align="right">7,408</td> <td align="right">13,830</td> <td align="right">0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td> <td align="right">6,060</td> <td align="right">12,310</td> <td align="right">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></td> <td align="right">6,342</td> <td align="right">10,831</td> <td align="right">0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td> <td align="right">5,720</td> <td align="right">10,039</td> <td align="right">0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td align="right">4,988</td> <td align="right">9,891</td> <td align="right">0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></td> <td align="right">1,500</td> <td align="right">7,278</td> <td align="right">0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td align="right">5,592</td> <td align="right">7,258</td> <td align="right">0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></td> <td align="right">2,018</td> <td align="right">6,326</td> <td align="right">0.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></td> <td align="right">3,139</td> <td align="right">5,982</td> <td align="right">0.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td align="right">1,638</td> <td align="right">5,934</td> <td align="right">0.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td align="right">3,152</td> <td align="right">5,352</td> <td align="right">0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td align="right">2,007</td> <td align="right">5,131</td> <td align="right">0.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td align="right">1,475</td> <td align="right">5,048</td> <td align="right">0.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></td> <td align="right">3,676</td> <td align="right">4,958</td> <td align="right">0.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></td> <td align="right">1,432</td> <td align="right">4,163</td> <td align="right">0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td align="right">1,785</td> <td align="right">3,837</td> <td align="right">0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td align="right">1,806</td> <td align="right">3,356</td> <td align="right">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></td> <td align="right">1,377</td> <td align="right">3,264</td> <td align="right">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></td> <td align="right">1,360</td> <td align="right">3,245</td> <td align="right">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td> <td align="right">2,181</td> <td align="right">3,243</td> <td align="right">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a></td> <td align="right">966</td> <td align="right">3,023</td> <td align="right">0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td> <td align="right">998</td> <td align="right">2,675</td> <td align="right">0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td align="right">1,080</td> <td align="right">2,409</td> <td align="right">0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td align="right">1,281</td> <td align="right">2,029</td> <td align="right">0.04% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffdead;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami</a></td> <td align="right">1,870</td> <td align="right">2,023</td> <td align="right">0.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td align="right">792</td> <td align="right">1,866</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a></td> <td align="right">239</td> <td align="right">1,842</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a></td> <td align="right">796</td> <td align="right">1,796</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></td> <td align="right">1,152</td> <td align="right">1,738</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a></td> <td align="right">1,046</td> <td align="right">1,718</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></td> <td align="right">613</td> <td align="right">1,527</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinyarwanda language">Kinyarwanda</a></td> <td align="right">456</td> <td align="right">1,308</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></td> <td align="right">120</td> <td align="right">1,269</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td align="right">703</td> <td align="right">1,242</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td> <td align="right">770</td> <td align="right">1,240</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a></td> <td align="right">499</td> <td align="right">1,145</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a></td> <td align="right">437</td> <td align="right">1,046</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <caption>Residents of Finland by language family (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" width="150">Family </th> <th scope="col" width="150">No. of speakers </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages" title="Finno-Ugric languages">Finno-Ugric</a></td> <td align="right">4,877,161</td> <td align="right">88.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></td> <td align="right">320,016</td> <td align="right">5.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a></td> <td align="right">102,161</td> <td align="right">1.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td> <td align="right">57,844</td> <td align="right">1.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a></td> <td align="right">47,804</td> <td align="right">0.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></td> <td align="right">24,802</td> <td align="right">0.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></td> <td align="right">13,760</td> <td align="right">0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></td> <td align="right">11,651</td> <td align="right">0.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></td> <td align="right">11,459</td> <td align="right">0.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai</a></td> <td align="right">10,243</td> <td align="right">0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a></td> <td align="right">8,841</td> <td align="right">0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></td> <td align="right">5,678</td> <td align="right">0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a></td> <td align="right">4,036</td> <td align="right">0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></td> <td align="right">3,884</td> <td align="right">0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></td> <td align="right">1,716</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a></td> <td align="right">1,617</td> <td align="right">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian languages">Caucasian</a></td> <td align="right">932</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td> <td align="right">12,141</td> <td align="right">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Asian</td> <td align="right">958</td> <td align="right">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td align="right">8,588</td> <td align="right">0.16% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <caption>Residents of Finland aged 18–64 that have some knowledge of foreign languages in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" width="150">Language </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td align="right">90% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffdead;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td align="right">67%<sup id="cite_ref-As_a_second_language_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-As_a_second_language-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td align="right">31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td align="right">11% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffdead;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td align="right">10%<sup id="cite_ref-As_a_second_language_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-As_a_second_language-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td align="right">10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td align="right">8% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland%27s_language_strife" title="Finland's language strife">Finland's language strife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_%C3%85land" title="Languages of Åland">Languages of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_places_in_Finland_in_Finnish_and_in_Swedish" title="Names of places in Finland in Finnish and in Swedish">Names of places in Finland in Finnish and in Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Languages of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Languages of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Languages of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Greenland" title="Languages of Greenland">Languages of Greenland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOIF2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412002239/http://www.francophonie.org/Langue-Francaise-2014/projet/Rapport-OIF-2014.pdf"><i>La langue française dans le monde 2014</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Nathan. 2014. pp. 13–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-09-882654-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-09-882654-0"><bdi>978-2-09-882654-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francophonie.org/Langue-Francaise-2014/projet/Rapport-OIF-2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+langue+fran%C3%A7aise+dans+le+monde+2014&rft.pages=13-19&rft.pub=Nathan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-2-09-882654-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francophonie.org%2FLangue-Francaise-2014%2Fprojet%2FRapport-OIF-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10028081">"De finlandssvenska teckenspråkiga – en osynlig minoritet"</a>. <i>svenska.yle.fi</i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=svenska.yle.fi&rft.atitle=De+finlandssvenska+teckenspr%C3%A5kiga+%E2%80%93+en+osynlig+minoritet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fa%2F7-10028081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.fi/en/publication/cl8lprraorrr20dut5a0tywm5">"Number of foreign-language speakers grew by nearly 38,000 persons"</a>. Statistics Finland. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+foreign-language+speakers+grew+by+nearly+38%2C000+persons&rft.pub=Statistics+Finland&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.fi%2Fen%2Fpublication%2Fcl8lprraorrr20dut5a0tywm5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">Europeans and their languages, situationen 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-01-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValkonen2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Valkonen, Eero (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/71802">"En- eller tvåspråkiga lösningar? : diskursanalys om användning av begreppet "den taxellska paradoxen" i Vasabladets debattinlägg 2013–2018"</a>. <i>University of Jyväskylä</i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4&rft.atitle=En-+eller+tv%C3%A5spr%C3%A5kiga+l%C3%B6sningar%3F+%3A+diskursanalys+om+anv%C3%A4ndning+av+begreppet+%E2%80%9Dden+taxellska+paradoxen%E2%80%9D+i+Vasabladets+debattinl%C3%A4gg+2013%E2%80%932018&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Valkonen&rft.aufirst=Eero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjyx.jyu.fi%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F71802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-615859">"Taxell om sin paradox"</a>. <i>svenska.yle.fi</i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=svenska.yle.fi&rft.atitle=Taxell+om+sin+paradox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fa%2F7-615859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/f551bd64-8615-4781-9be1-c592217dad83">"Europeans and their languages"</a>. Special Eurobarometer 386. June 2012. p. 21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saamelaisk%C3%A4r%C3%A4j%C3%A4t&rft.atitle=Tietoa+meist%C3%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamediggi.fi%2Ftietoa-meista%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/3-6319825">"Romanikieli on vaarassa kadota"</a> (in Finnish). YLE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romanikieli+on+vaarassa+kadota&rft.pub=YLE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F3-6319825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oikeusministerio.fi/muut-kielet">"Muut kielet"</a> (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muut+kielet&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foikeusministerio.fi%2Fmuut-kielet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotus.fi/kielitieto/kielet/karjala">"Etusivu Kielitieto Kielet Karjala"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etusivu+Kielitieto+Kielet+Karjala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotus.fi%2Fkielitieto%2Fkielet%2Fkarjala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2009/20090068">Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 68/2009 27.11.2009</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotus.fi/kielitieto/kielet/suomen_viittomakielet">"Suomen viittomakielet"</a>. <i>Kotimaisten kielten keskus</i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotimaisten+kielten+keskus&rft.atitle=Suomen+viittomakielet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotus.fi%2Fkielitieto%2Fkielet%2Fsuomen_viittomakielet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10028081">"De finlandssvenska teckenspråkiga – en osynlig minoritet"</a>. <i>svenska.yle.fi</i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=svenska.yle.fi&rft.atitle=De+finlandssvenska+teckenspr%C3%A5kiga+%E2%80%93+en+osynlig+minoritet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fa%2F7-10028081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pxdata.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rl.px/">"Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2023"</a>. <i>stat.fi</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stat.fi&rft.atitle=Language+according+to+age+and+sex+by+region%2C+1990-2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpxdata.stat.fi%2FPxWeb%2Fpxweb%2Fen%2FStatFin%2FStatFin__vaerak%2Fstatfin_vaerak_pxt_11rl.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/">"Eurobarometer"</a>. <i>europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europa.eu&rft.atitle=Eurobarometer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Feurobarometer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.fi/til/aku/2017/04/aku_2017_04_2018-12-12_kat_003_fi.html">"Tilastokeskus - 3. Useampaa kuin yhtä vierasta kieltä osaa 78 prosenttia suomalaisista"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tilastokeskus+-+3.+Useampaa+kuin+yht%C3%A4+vierasta+kielt%C3%A4+osaa+78+prosenttia+suomalaisista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.fi%2Ftil%2Faku%2F2017%2F04%2Faku_2017_04_2018-12-12_kat_003_fi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pxnet2.stat.fi:443/PXWebPXWeb/pxweb/sv/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rm.px/">"Befolkning 31.12. efter Område, Språk, Kön, År och Uppgifter"</a>. <i>Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web tietokannat</i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tilastokeskuksen+PX-Web+tietokannat&rft.atitle=Befolkning+31.12.+efter+Omr%C3%A5de%2C+Spr%C3%A5k%2C+K%C3%B6n%2C+%C3%85r+och+Uppgifter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpxnet2.stat.fi%3A443%2FPXWebPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Fsv%2FStatFin%2FStatFin__vrm__vaerak%2Fstatfin_vaerak_pxt_11rm.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pxnet2.stat.fi:443/PXWebPXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rl.px/">"Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot"</a>. <i>Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web tietokannat</i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tilastokeskuksen+PX-Web+tietokannat&rft.atitle=V%C3%A4est%C3%B6+31.12.+muuttujina+Maakunta%2C+Kieli%2C+Ik%C3%A4%2C+Sukupuoli%2C+Vuosi+ja+Tiedot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpxnet2.stat.fi%3A443%2FPXWebPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Ffi%2FStatFin%2FStatFin__vrm__vaerak%2Fstatfin_vaerak_pxt_11rl.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tilastokeskus.fi/til/aku/2017/04/aku_2017_04_2018-12-12_kat_001_fi.html">"Englantia, ruotsia ja saksaa osataan eniten"</a> (in Finnish). Statistics Finland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Englantia%2C+ruotsia+ja+saksaa+osataan+eniten&rft.pub=Statistics+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tilastokeskus.fi%2Ftil%2Faku%2F2017%2F04%2Faku_2017_04_2018-12-12_kat_001_fi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-As_a_second_language-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-As_a_second_language_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-As_a_second_language_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As a second language.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Finland&action=edit&section=13" 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Finland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Finland" title="Template:Languages of Finland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Finland" title="Template talk:Languages of Finland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Finland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Finland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages of Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Finnish Kalo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages" title="Sámi languages">Sámi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Languages_of_Finland" title="Institute for the Languages of Finland">Institute for the Languages of Finland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Finland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finland_topics" title="Template:Finland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finland_topics" title="Template talk:Finland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Finland-related_topics" title="List of Finland-related topics">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland" title="History of Finland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Finland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_under_Swedish_rule" title="Finland under Swedish rule">Finland under Swedish rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">Cudgel War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland_during_the_Great_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland during the Great Northern War">The Great Wrath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Finnish_Art" title="Golden Age of Finnish Art">Golden Age of Finnish Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Finland" title="Independence of Finland">Independence of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland in World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandization" title="Finlandization">Finlandization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland_(1917%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Finland (1917–present)">History of independent Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Finland" title="Military history of Finland">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Finland" title="Geography of Finland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Finland" title="List of cities and towns in Finland">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Finland" title="List of extreme points of Finland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Finland" title="Geology of Finland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Finland" title="List of islands of Finland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Finland" title="List of lakes of Finland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Finland" title="List of national parks of Finland">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Finland" title="List of rivers of Finland">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Finland_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Finland by population">Urban areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Finland" title="Wildlife of Finland">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Finland" title="Politics of Finland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Finland" title="Administrative divisions of Finland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Finland" title="Constitution of Finland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Government" title="Finnish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Finland" title="Human rights in Finland">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Finland" title="Judicial system of Finland">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Finland" title="Law of Finland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Finland" title="Law enforcement in Finland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">NATO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Finland" title="List of political parties in Finland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Finland" title="Economy of Finland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Finland" title="Agriculture in Finland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Finland" title="Bank of Finland">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_government_enterprises" title="List of Finnish government enterprises">Government-owned companies</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Finland" title="Industry in Finland">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_income_policy_agreement_(Finland)" title="National income policy agreement (Finland)">National income agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_maritime_cluster" title="Finnish maritime cluster">Ship-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_startup_scene" title="Finnish startup scene">Startups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Helsinki" title="Nasdaq Helsinki">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Finland" title="Taxation in Finland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Finland" title="Tourism in Finland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Finland" title="Transport in Finland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Finland" title="Category:Society of Finland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Finland" title="Abortion in Finland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Finland" title="Crime in Finland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Finland" title="Climate change in Finland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland" title="Demographics of Finland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Finland" title="Healthcare in Finland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Finland" title="Welfare in Finland">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Finland" title="Architecture of Finland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_art" title="Finnish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Finland" title="Coat of arms of Finland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Finland" title="Folklore of Finland">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_literature" title="Finnish literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala"><i>The Kalevala</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland" title="Music of Finland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_national_symbols" title="Finnish national symbols">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Finland" title="Public holidays in Finland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Finland)" title="Independence Day (Finland)">Independence Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Finland" title="Sport in Finland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Finland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Finland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Finland" title="Outline of Finland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finland-related_topics" title="List of Finland-related topics">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Finland#Further_reading" title="Finland">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Finland" title="Category:Finland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Finland" title="Portal:Finland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Europe" title="Template:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Albania" title="Languages of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Andorra" title="Languages of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia" title="Languages of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Austria" title="Languages of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Azerbaijan" title="Languages of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belarus" title="Languages of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium" title="Languages of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia" title="Languages of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany" title="Languages of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Greece" title="Languages of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hungary" title="Languages of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iceland" title="Languages of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Languages of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Liechtenstein" title="Languages of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Luxembourg" title="Languages of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malta" title="Languages of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Moldova" title="Languages of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Monaco" title="Languages of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Languages of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Languages of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Poland" title="Languages of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_San_Marino" title="Languages of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ukraine" title="Languages of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Languages of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_%C3%85land" title="Languages of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Languages of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Languages of the Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Languages of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Jersey" title="Languages of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Svalbard" title="Languages of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minority_languages_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minority_languages_of_Europe" title="Template:Minority languages of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minority_languages_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Minority languages of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minority_languages_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minority languages of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minority_languages_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Minority languages</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European<br /> Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Austria" title="Minority languages of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Minority languages of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Denmark" title="Minority languages of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Greece#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_communes_in_Poland" title="Bilingual communes in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_law_of_Slovakia" title="Language law of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <br />European states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Georgia (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Moldova#Official_minority_languages" title="Languages of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom#Principal_minority_language_areas" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Vatican City (page does not exist)">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited <br />recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Kosovo" title="Minority languages of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Nagorno-Karabakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Nagorno-Karabakh (page does not exist)">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (page does not exist)">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_languages_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority languages of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities" 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