CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91369c6c29ffd083',cH: '2Sj3jrwNt5wPmg6rZ41EKT9479xRyMFXL_fOL.rhq7c-1739804049-1.2.1.1-ZL_RhNW4YpJhBpuN5h_fMdCoEieksP1C.NXnpmIR5aygACb1p5OnXNt8GyO8RuMJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=heavy-metal%20oxide&__cf_chl_tk=AlqkEBjBsUrx6GUFwR_wOLJNb0oxlTM_S6xJewuvBfw-1739804049-1.0.1.1-zJ6TaBweXJCelnYKxWBNMBVlxInhXwjeE0Hz6dH0JxI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739804049',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=heavy-metal%20oxide&__cf_chl_f_tk=AlqkEBjBsUrx6GUFwR_wOLJNb0oxlTM_S6xJewuvBfw-1739804049-1.0.1.1-zJ6TaBweXJCelnYKxWBNMBVlxInhXwjeE0Hz6dH0JxI",md: "FUBbwSyrLSmuMndMLU6qnasiNF_8w5ei9nesn.4UP.I-1739804049-1.2.1.1-wfkOHxANWPutflYHYlJlNPEdoORn8um8umnxG0IR0poD.NrIw.G77imqXWGObMKGLKegTVzEtFvxBytBIuhoXJTLErcsdlmaQ19wr0EiwOnd6pgRJ_r6lwWFhmNSRuix0v.MlPHO.6EP.iH_NTsKfDBkMPLJSFfHVSKMromuomMejL2HGu5lx4k1eGKzO4XMwfQ6I_0v1ha735BSSj5iRglMQO3fRB7OfULl_YScFt0sbucGPlSuXzruPGOEtJW9f20thxoOJacEE5YVO2bK9zpKs0suVXxdJVTuepgoSJTl0OVaVaajil8mFitt2rV0V6qqWPoh3gwpSdwi8aEcu6aVWlfaTztPHkUbM.b2AzJ4Wp4YL0lm6kW8ie0Xf8O9hqTZYfj48_Q1oLrRvo5C103ta9eaGCwvX3F1FrNpRW0HUSVpFKw5xMESDuYZHQBvuQ2G4hGp.NlxKTV8gE4QwXerzpJ3rcgq5K7c1fltpYmiz89YmiGx9TAk71mFMMnIq4IquI0e8Ikhxh.WUKp.EvpJKYwzxKR6fBBopasAERrB3R4C12SAEnNIfYX9dDR8S6vbow0k3TK7asTF4OsYgdZIruL44Z1gJ7P_KLhI2EHsktUIttnbQe5GnCpUYt3UEjpuweOP0CdnBukn3sKX5H46UgOmwdrDCVh76xFtVz9.ZMKSHiAXUmdujEzTnPVHo976RFHWzAUCQ8WCtidKngl3SlpBFoHQivZFzHYopcn8FQWNEOuGU0lO6S8Hw.M3bvgTIPS7OglmG0ojaIVwdCvaCWiS5B5bqi8vEZ9t3AOp3rHes5RYUzfM0BAzMmV8wQVKMGIaQw65vKUy8RmKG4EQ8ceO7zEP9NG7Y6yjdFQoIL.oKdL8Zzr9kvCTqVZCw58Oblphl4.NP6FaDWCk3ruYw6PxcgnYiK4.rbv8tbpY3SHb1ziXEOj5GD0GzjzxqoLMvuQAJXRi4TH4iOOVT1udgjvYNHmUT1sdUxYiT28Gf29y1hUppmtdOQzBNSHCf6uJPAEzSh1nhj8Kv0mxet2ssg5hwkeW9Oczk1pv2qWuO2kKwQvugKFCfQZBxjeOpwbDPsReKi3M9klUwK3XzocfKDXMmmgGfb_GF_pbWXo7kDqmwW1YYGSyA_KknlJG.O6i0czcS6mwgrTsdfD4ZgF_5163L_189ntP58fUKto0gq39dnMGQiF7Grj8VJYtRopEczSqZfJRW69tmUtj2bkHQ4S0UNKkaGPrr73QTSSOgTc26G1USyZLGkTjQP1I3zErDm16waH1Y6uGI4SZaORvZBwTgh7ZtAfEk3wFQqWljE_EZFSQLKiNLjVdzIO7_RGUTm7.dQNK_W8_HDHkr1lYdDMldSKiv1F0bK9pmkVoEuPyCPkEzWUWDaycCYQt2SJfy1k27s1wdFJVNB7ETDvzuAIWUv8YPuHSYIPCokMHpKCauFat5A3xIwGaQ9qEyu6z24pqNQ1EZRO5QAcqXH7a3_LMvMyr69MC6zViAqvzTbVr2Dv_DhZEynyS72Y.EzKdsvHbNz2KRFSMJpJvNn8qnJkmOzdepZFc8xaBuIf7CNeS66pJbXOwhjeNicq2RjBKI9jg0WH_v0x.tOg7B7bUkKHGQBVjK1fymx2y._IUYaX86tvqA5vXypQmhKlo9.DjuZT6d5N0ulI2MaemBvy6lMzLrWlZqccxPSXRQq9Lw91c92uc0zJrSpeKKtbOvkyFYz0dKbjoZKUu3by0569ydXDgLZywwGIQEo0Ge87zKcKRD9OdokC2XeTqsVK8.Zngz1.1q2EPKKd4Fg4rDYrqK86tbBetWtVRP7YqtzqINdL0HeIU_TFazoWWP.WRxODVwNc3kKbhLjl7uT1hygIO.J6lPLKzoLTIG3I1lYaGzs5NAl11hVM21BPHrJ2ZWvf1vYcs8S1rOLisEDcWN_FgkGw2rH1UjkyvmclVDe8",mdrd: "SJaSTXtaeapORz_H8_yJei500q7nCS3HcFVyUSCSaRU-1739804049-1.2.1.1-o5UpviDUcOKYVJ6wGXT.evKwvPLewBrjW2JcrSg3U1P3K5M_nkQF95yE7iEbjIa6r7Ek87SKCEtgbRKrzypYHWSITHULjq4_Q3xkWXgIZPg1K4__ngd3rxwwewp_JwZ_DpKEcq6fVkvN8DAoYwSwwoVRexWs8Eq66GONfldSM2xshntZcGYif.pyIqScGIghUghQ5HsrtLX5twmTutd5q3MjbpRQBBgLffQ6duUldkGwFomm3HMUcIjKcDeZEsWjgreG59rhua2PPyWo2JNX50m855AgSafGlihTcAKsXdGdZ2QnGJsXVvRnM1zQMXNfJcW9qnzUM2l0y5gBZWtjNuE3EcrvjG8nUFLo.BCv4R4NHNzKzJFDNWOIsDZWPAKO1.X1t_Gi5MNUiIKFi7.HzFp_imNpeoHpymQ8fAy7BCNmTNu40.hWPuNnuZpyT3qHXKn54CeeKkZdHK2Sw_NKz1HtQwDZMWMBTNjB59gAW00K5iptx6ywNMZesgvz.U66mUeqvpLRUn3XEVbJBt8QYbvCp10z223ol.4EG1InlfCnDnxKWImdcpYc03ZoziE2Q5S.hV83IWZXOWtSEKCSttJHVlKWPXwSwWyv43vNkUAYddGp5ih02PtjGJr6_9IxUw9EFBaJmUQKgxWhxyPYy4Uwf3PqvkMEQ9v_fTiKCUvtt7_610kklluQyOz_v0Bgv4b038tnx7M4buRqfYs_XMw7Q6eUkNlG8T3t9wXL_fZbOxvYdpYLtHcaHYQo22kIeUUWRioatXfoikJSzcEqmRQoEQPQ.QDNiIF.fkXV3RrOh9HW5thYSgGPZeKg9ZrlnfkYW7wnFXSSFWn7i5kXFEZeJYwKchE7zcNtz37LWzT2.ceDEOy4RtFYixe6nvPQR8K4842_p5Sk980vr6X2bgS.2pbqfdU7XFI8ASrt16zSVHHJlbFGX08zjdCgJzJeRV8MSDTflklwX1z8Sfe.9vkL6xKTYW2zuoWosMxu4vA_8uNEnfJOodnTeuAHhaFySfuZypZ4gQxZ05AsUablWNca51VUDkwq9RpTP1teP8yQcthcRgJXpEIkSLa0c2TRS5tiQ8d1RDuN47bK0_6TPSa7UnKNkG0Vh_Fw6SGwqgh1klWPtPJxHRdhrdBs0jdXlvxTLFvjSMx0gOwqERdQWZkrWZz2.HcV3AUHWhp6u0cXGJ97rGnWMa4I5zD29gQJJBiIRU8_eLM7Eqy_ygv0UiIJVhribdFZ5w6_iyN3rkomW3U80jBnDu9.sNHRPYyXQd_FbZuN.n50Qd9iavfL5fsETto_p5oASwY2saDohsVQBSRLlZBC4dJ3IZQaQdhpR_2H.InPQBhct7TNULLRj1231iNVGxxui5A8jfEBG02uNbT1Jp_abCGXgRFxzdrjps9u6MvrD0mi7aIR28Giy3Id.b20V3vUX2m8twAg.B6shxPjKT5SkUohEpUBgTmH.MLwZ8yi09M9jDYAj1h31UlxYxjrSXQ43bpY7VM2EdZr.h.NlSZX9FP2FqOqJf3vJqiBvC4vVmkE06TpfD864aZle2A2.4FNi5K0sMySs_tiYmNVsIlVi.o516Omh269zmubyex5bAuRWFsRVHflnIlmFWNAil4PXBVmm6SYFrgxDF8QVeJyBYq4YkWds6biiC1qP0leCoD8cXvhW.S4s9KUcoYLZn8roS3bRmKTkVhHEnyLl8lSES0XcJr_nS4uYy.AsQ2rr_6.cfCe1sXlMyylSNv2_zykmd.BwNg_M_Cj_rsW5vSqz3ugYo237jSnGoUrNDvt2u5B3pFYtI7jkJE8U4e.8UNdI43RgvL9nK4ZnEdsGDMU8toaPcf7RNB98lKbfpibNEPjb2fZIPS.t8LsOm5zC3SBlAzjZo4zSrU7JK6vlYNwoB70FDy3TJAorE5_s3xo_aYd5Cwh6qkBK1TmbR8D2vElIzcldnulrAuhZPStUseYkNprrmRNxRkG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91369c6c29ffd083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=heavy-metal%20oxide&__cf_chl_rt_tk=AlqkEBjBsUrx6GUFwR_wOLJNb0oxlTM_S6xJewuvBfw-1739804049-1.0.1.1-zJ6TaBweXJCelnYKxWBNMBVlxInhXwjeE0Hz6dH0JxI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>