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Practical Extraction and Report Language</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq-frequently-asked-questions-about-Perl-($Date:-1998/07/20-23:12:17-$)">perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1998/07/20 23:12:17 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq1-General-Questions-About-Perl-($Revision:-1.14-$,-$Date:-1998/06/14-22:15:25-$)">perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 1998/06/14 22:15:25 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq2-Obtaining-and-Learning-about-Perl-($Revision:-1.24-$,-$Date:-1998/07/20-23:40:28-$)">perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 1998/07/20 23:40:28 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq3-Programming-Tools-($Revision:-1.28-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-22:08:49-$)">perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 22:08:49 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq4-Data-Manipulation-($Revision:-1.25-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-22:49:55-$)">perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 22:49:55 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq5-Files-and-Formats-($Revision:-1.24-$,-$Date:-1998/07/05-15:07:20-$)">perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq6-Regexps-($Revision:-1.22-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-14:01:07-$)">perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 14:01:07 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq7-Perl-Language-Issues-($Revision:-1.21-$,-$Date:-1998/06/22-15:20:07-$)">perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1998/06/22 15:20:07 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq8-System-Interaction-($Revision:-1.25-$,-$Date:-1998/07/05-15:07:20-$)">perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfaq9-Networking-($Revision:-1.20-$,-$Date:-1998/06/22-18:31:09-$)">perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1998/06/22 18:31:09 $)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perldelta-what's-new-for-perl5.005">perldelta - what's new for perl5.005</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perldata-Perl-data-types">perldata - Perl data types</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlsyn-Perl-syntax">perlsyn - Perl syntax</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlop-Perl-operators-and-precedence">perlop - Perl operators and precedence</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlre-Perl-regular-expressions">perlre - Perl regular expressions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlrun-how-to-execute-the-Perl-interpreter">perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlfunc-Perl-builtin-functions">perlfunc - Perl builtin functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlvar-Perl-predefined-variables">perlvar - Perl predefined variables</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlsub-Perl-subroutines">perlsub - Perl subroutines</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlmod-Perl-modules-(packages-and-symbol-tables)">perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlmodlib-constructing-new-Perl-modules-and-finding-existing-ones">perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlmodinstall-Installing-CPAN-Modules">perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlform-Perl-formats">perlform - Perl formats</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perllocale-Perl-locale-handling-(internationalization-and-localization)">perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlref-Perl-references-and-nested-data-structures">perlref - Perl references and nested data structures</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perldsc-Perl-Data-Structures-Cookbook">perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perllol,-perlLoL-Manipulating-Lists-of-Lists-in-Perl">perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perltoot-Tom's-object-oriented-tutorial-for-perl">perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlobj-Perl-objects">perlobj - Perl objects</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perltie-how-to-hide-an-object-class-in-a-simple-variable">perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlbot-Bag'o-Object-Tricks-(the-BOT)">perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlipc-Perl-interprocess-communication-(signals,-fifos,-pipes,-safe-subprocesses,-sockets,-and-semaphores)">perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perldebug-Perl-debugging">perldebug - Perl debugging</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perldiag-various-Perl-diagnostics">perldiag - various Perl diagnostics</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlsec-Perl-security">perlsec - Perl security</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perltrap-Perl-traps-for-the-unwary">perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlport-Writing-portable-Perl">perlport - Writing portable Perl</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlstyle-Perl-style-guide">perlstyle - Perl style guide</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlpod-plain-old-documentation">perlpod - plain old documentation</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlbook-Perl-book-information">perlbook - Perl book information</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlembed-how-to-embed-perl-in-your-C-program">perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlapio-perl's-IO-abstraction-interface.">perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlxs-XS-language-reference-manual">perlxs - XS language reference manual</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlxstut,-perlXStut-Tutorial-for-XSUBs">perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlguts-Perl's-Internal-Functions">perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlcall-Perl-calling-conventions-from-C">perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#perlhist-the-Perl-history-records">perlhist - the Perl history records</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#PRAGMA-DOCUMENTATION">PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION</a> <ul> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#attrs-set/get-attributes-of-a-subroutine">attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#re-Perl-pragma-to-alter-regular-expression-behaviour">re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#autouse-postpone-load-of-modules-until-a-function-is-used">autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#base-Establish-IS-A-relationship-with-base-class-at-compile-time">base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#blib-Use-MakeMaker's-uninstalled-version-of-a-package">blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#constant-Perl-pragma-to-declare-constants">constant - Perl pragma to declare constants</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#diagnostics-Perl-compiler-pragma-to-force-verbose-warning-diagnostics">diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#fields-compile-time-class-fields">fields - compile-time class fields</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#integer-Perl-pragma-to-compute-arithmetic-in-integer-instead-of-double">integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#less-perl-pragma-to-request-less-of-something-from-the-compiler">less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#lib-manipulate-@INC-at-compile-time">lib - manipulate @INC at compile time</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#locale-Perl-pragma-to-use-and-avoid-POSIX-locales-for-built-in-operations">locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#overload-Package-for-overloading-perl-operations">overload - Package for overloading perl operations</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#sigtrap-Perl-pragma-to-enable-simple-signal-handling">sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#strict-Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-constructs">strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#subs-Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-sub-names">subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#vars-Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-global-variable-names">vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#MODULE-DOCUMENTATION">MODULE DOCUMENTATION</a> <ul> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#AnyDBM_File-provide-framework-for-multiple-DBMs">AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#AutoLoader-load-subroutines-only-on-demand">AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#AutoSplit-split-a-package-for-autoloading">AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B-The-Perl-Compiler">B - The Perl Compiler</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Asmdata-Autogenerated-data-about-Perl-ops,-used-to-generate-bytecode">B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Assembler-Assemble-Perl-bytecode">B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Bblock-Walk-basic-blocks">B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Bytecode-Perl-compiler's-bytecode-backend">B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::C-Perl-compiler's-C-backend">B::C - Perl compiler's C backend</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::CC-Perl-compiler's-optimized-C-translation-backend">B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Debug-Walk-Perl-syntax-tree,-printing-debug-info-about-ops">B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Deparse-Perl-compiler-backend-to-produce-perl-code">B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Disassembler-Disassemble-Perl-bytecode">B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Lint-Perl-lint">B::Lint - Perl lint</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::O,-O-Generic-interface-to-Perl-Compiler-backends">B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Showlex-Show-lexical-variables-used-in-functions-or-files">B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Stackobj-Helper-module-for-CC-backend">B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Terse-Walk-Perl-syntax-tree,-printing-terse-info-about-ops">B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#B::Xref-Generates-cross-reference-reports-for-Perl-programs">B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Benchmark-benchmark-running-times-of-code">Benchmark - benchmark running times of code</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI-Simple-Common-Gateway-Interface-Class">CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI::Apache-Make-things-work-with-CGI.pm-against-Perl-Apache-API">CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI::Carp,-CGI::Carp-CGI-routines-for-writing-to-the-HTTPD-(or-other)-error-log">CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI::Cookie-Interface-to-Netscape-Cookies">CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI::Fast-CGI-Interface-for-Fast-CGI">CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI::Push-Simple-Interface-to-Server-Push">CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CGI::Switch-Try-more-than-one-constructors-and-return-the-first-object-available">CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first object available</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CPAN-query,-download-and-build-perl-modules-from-CPAN-sites">CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CPAN::FirstTime-Utility-for-CPAN::Config-file-Initialization">CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#CPANox,-CPAN::Nox-Wrapper-around-CPAN.pm-without-using-any-XS-module">CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Carp,-carp-warn-of-errors-(from-perspective-of-caller)">Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Class::Struct-declare-struct-like-datatypes-as-Perl-classes">Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Cwd,-getcwd-get-pathname-of-current-working-directory">Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#DB_File-Perl5-access-to-Berkeley-DB-version-1.x">DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Data::Dumper-stringified-perl-data-structures,-suitable-for-both-printing-and-eval">Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and eval</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Devel::SelfStubber-generate-stubs-for-a-SelfLoading-module">Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#DirHandle-supply-object-methods-for-directory-handles">DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#English-use-nice-English-(or-awk)-names-for-ugly-punctuation-variables">English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Env-perl-module-that-imports-environment-variables">Env - perl module that imports environment variables</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Exporter-Implements-default-import-method-for-modules">Exporter - Implements default import method for modules</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Command-utilities-to-replace-common-UNIX-commands-in-Makefiles-etc.">ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Embed-Utilities-for-embedding-Perl-in-C/C++-applications">ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Install-install-files-from-here-to-there">ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Installed-Inventory-management-of-installed-modules">ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Liblist-determine-libraries-to-use-and-how-to-use-them">ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::MM_OS2-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::MM_Unix-methods-used-by-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::MM_VMS-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::MM_Win32-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::MakeMaker-create-an-extension-Makefile">ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Manifest-utilities-to-write-and-check-a-MANIFEST-file">ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap-make-a-bootstrap-file-for-use-by-DynaLoader">ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Mksymlists-write-linker-options-files-for-dynamic-extension">ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::Packlist-manage-.packlist-files">ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ExtUtils::testlib-add-blib/*-directories-to-@INC">ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Fatal-replace-functions-with-equivalents-which-succeed-or-die">Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Fcntl-load-the-C-Fcntl.h-defines">Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Basename,-fileparse-split-a-pathname-into-pieces">File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::CheckTree,-validate-run-many-filetest-checks-on-a-tree">File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Compare-Compare-files-or-filehandles">File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Copy-Copy-files-or-filehandles">File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::DosGlob-DOS-like-globbing-and-then-some">File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Find,-find-traverse-a-file-tree">File::Find, find - traverse a file tree</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Path-create-or-remove-a-series-of-directories">File::Path - create or remove a series of directories</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Spec-portably-perform-operations-on-file-names">File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Spec::Mac-File::Spec-for-MacOS">File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Spec::OS2-methods-for-OS/2-file-specs">File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Spec::Unix-methods-used-by-File::Spec">File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Spec::VMS-methods-for-VMS-file-specs">File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::Spec::Win32-methods-for-Win32-file-specs">File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#File::stat-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-stat()-functions">File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#FileCache-keep-more-files-open-than-the-system-permits">FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#FileHandle-supply-object-methods-for-filehandles">FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#FindBin-Locate-directory-of-original-perl-script">FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#GDBM_File-Perl5-access-to-the-gdbm-library.">GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Getopt::Long,-GetOptions-extended-processing-of-command-line-options">Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line options</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Getopt::Std,-getopt-Process-single-character-switches-with-switch-clustering">Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#I18N::Collate-compare-8-bit-scalar-data-according-to-the-current-locale">I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO-load-various-IO-modules">IO - load various IO modules</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO::lib::IO::File,-IO::File-supply-object-methods-for-filehandles">IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO::lib::IO::Handle,-IO::Handle-supply-object-methods-for-I/O-handles">IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO::lib::IO::Pipe,-IO::pipe-supply-object-methods-for-pipes">IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO::lib::IO::Seekable,-IO::Seekable-supply-seek-based-methods-for-I/O-objects">IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO::lib::IO::Select,-IO::Select-OO-interface-to-the-select-system-call">IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IO::lib::IO::Socket,-IO::Socket-Object-interface-to-socket-communications">IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IPC::Open2,-open2-open-a-process-for-both-reading-and-writing">IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IPC::Open3,-open3-open-a-process-for-reading,-writing,-and-error-handling">IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IPC::SysV-SysV-IPC-constants">IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IPC::SysV::Msg,-IPC::Msg-SysV-Msg-IPC-object-class">IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#IPC::SysV::Semaphore,-IPC::Semaphore-SysV-Semaphore-IPC-object-class">IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Math::BigFloat-Arbitrary-length-float-math-package">Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Math::BigInt-Arbitrary-size-integer-math-package">Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Math::Complex-complex-numbers-and-associated-mathematical-functions">Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Math::Trig-trigonometric-functions">Math::Trig - trigonometric functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#NDBM_File-Tied-access-to-ndbm-files">NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Net::Ping-check-a-remote-host-for-reachability">Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Net::hostent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-gethost*()-functions">Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Net::netent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getnet*()-functions">Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Net::protoent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getproto*()-functions">Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Net::servent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getserv*()-functions">Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#ODBM_File-Tied-access-to-odbm-files">ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Opcode-Disable-named-opcodes-when-compiling-perl-code">Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Opcode::Safe,-Safe-Compile-and-execute-code-in-restricted-compartments">Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Opcode::ops,-ops-Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-operations-when-compiling">Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#POSIX-Perl-interface-to-IEEE-Std-1003.1">POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Pod::Html-module-to-convert-pod-files-to-HTML">Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Pod::Text-convert-POD-data-to-formatted-ASCII-text">Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#SDBM_File-Tied-access-to-sdbm-files">SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Search::Dict,-look-search-for-key-in-dictionary-file">Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#SelectSaver-save-and-restore-selected-file-handle">SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#SelfLoader-load-functions-only-on-demand">SelfLoader - load functions only on demand</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Shell-run-shell-commands-transparently-within-perl">Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Socket,-sockaddr_in,-sockaddr_un,-inet_aton,-inet_ntoa-load-the-C-socket.h-defines-and-structure-manipulators">Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Symbol-manipulate-Perl-symbols-and-their-names">Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Sys::Hostname-Try-every-conceivable-way-to-get-hostname">Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Syslog,-Sys::Syslog,-openlog,-closelog,-setlogmask,-syslog-Perl-interface-to-the-UNIX-syslog(3)-calls">Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Term::Cap-Perl-termcap-interface">Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Term::Complete-Perl-word-completion-module">Term::Complete - Perl word completion module</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Term::ReadLine-Perl-interface-to-various-readline-packages.-If-no-real-package-is-found,-substitutes-stubs-instead-of-basic-functions.">Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various readline packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Test-provides-a-simple-framework-for-writing-test-scripts">Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Test::Harness-run-perl-standard-test-scripts-with-statistics">Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Text::Abbrev,-abbrev-create-an-abbreviation-table-from-a-list">Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Text::ParseWords-parse-text-into-an-array-of-tokens-or-array-of-arrays">Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Text::Soundex-Implementation-of-the-Soundex-Algorithm-as-Described-by-Knuth">Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Text::Tabs-expand-and-unexpand-tabs-per-the-unix-expand(1)-and-unexpand(1)">Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Text::Wrap-line-wrapping-to-form-simple-paragraphs">Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Thread-multithreading">Thread - multithreading</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Thread::Queue-thread-safe-queues">Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Thread::Semaphore-thread-safe-semaphores">Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Thread::Signal-Start-a-thread-which-runs-signal-handlers-reliably">Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Thread::Specific-thread-specific-keys">Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Tie::Array-base-class-for-tied-arrays">Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Tie::Handle-base-class-definitions-for-tied-handles">Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Tie::Hash,-Tie::StdHash-base-class-definitions-for-tied-hashes">Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Tie::RefHash-use-references-as-hash-keys">Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Tie::Scalar,-Tie::StdScalar-base-class-definitions-for-tied-scalars">Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Tie::SubstrHash-Fixed-table-size,-fixed-key-length-hashing">Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Time::Local-efficiently-compute-time-from-local-and-GMT-time">Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Time::gmtime-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-gmtime()-function">Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Time::localtime-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-localtime()-function">Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#Time::tm-internal-object-used-by-Time::gmtime-and-Time::localtime">Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#UNIVERSAL-base-class-for-ALL-classes-(blessed-references)">UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#User::grent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getgr*()-functions">User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#User::pwent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getpw*()-functions">User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#AUXILIARY-DOCUMENTATION">AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-decoration-none" href="#AUTHOR79">AUTHOR</a> </li> </ul> <h1 id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">#</a>NAME</h1> <p>perltoc - perl documentation table of contents</p> <h1 id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">#</a>DESCRIPTION</h1> <p>This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.</p> <h1 id="BASIC-DOCUMENTATION"><a class="permalink" href="#BASIC-DOCUMENTATION">#</a><a id="BASIC"></a>BASIC DOCUMENTATION</h1> <h2 id="perl-Practical-Extraction-and-Report-Language"><a class="permalink" href="#perl-Practical-Extraction-and-Report-Language">#</a><a id="perl"></a><a id="perl---Practical-Extraction-and-Report-Language"></a>perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION1"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION1">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability</p> </dd> <dt id="ENVIRONMENT"><a class="permalink" href="#ENVIRONMENT">#</a>ENVIRONMENT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">#</a>FILES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO">#</a><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DIAGNOSTICS"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS">#</a>DIAGNOSTICS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTES"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq-frequently-asked-questions-about-Perl-($Date:-1998/07/20-23:12:17-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq-frequently-asked-questions-about-Perl-($Date:-1998/07/20-23:12:17-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq"></a><a id="perlfaq---frequently-asked-questions-about-Perl-Date:-1998-07-20-23:12:17"></a>perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1998/07/20 23:12:17 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION2"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION2">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq1">perlfaq1</a>: General Questions About Perl, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq2">perlfaq2</a>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq3">perlfaq3</a>: Programming Tools, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq4">perlfaq4</a>: Data Manipulation, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq5">perlfaq5</a>: Files and Formats, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq6">perlfaq6</a>: Regexps, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq7">perlfaq7</a>: General Perl Language Issues, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq8">perlfaq8</a>: System Interaction, <a href="/5.005_02/perlfaq9">perlfaq9</a>: Networking</p> <dl> <dt id="Where-to-get-this-document"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-to-get-this-document">#</a><a id="Where"></a>Where to get this document</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-to-contribute-to-this-document"><a class="permalink" href="#How-to-contribute-to-this-document">#</a><a id="How"></a>How to contribute to this document</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-will-happen-if-you-mail-your-Perl-programming-problems-to-the-authors"><a class="permalink" href="#What-will-happen-if-you-mail-your-Perl-programming-problems-to-the-authors">#</a><a id="What"></a>What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Credits"><a class="permalink" href="#Credits">#</a>Credits</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Author-and-Copyright-Information"><a class="permalink" href="#Author-and-Copyright-Information">#</a><a id="Author1"></a>Author and Copyright Information</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Bundled-Distributions"><a class="permalink" href="#Bundled-Distributions">#</a><a id="Bundled"></a>Bundled Distributions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Disclaimer"><a class="permalink" href="#Disclaimer">#</a>Disclaimer</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Changes"><a class="permalink" href="#Changes">#</a>Changes</dt> <dd> <p>24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq1-General-Questions-About-Perl-($Revision:-1.14-$,-$Date:-1998/06/14-22:15:25-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq1-General-Questions-About-Perl-($Revision:-1.14-$,-$Date:-1998/06/14-22:15:25-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq1"></a><a id="perlfaq1---General-Questions-About-Perl-Revision:-1.14-Date:-1998-06-14-22:15:25"></a>perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 1998/06/14 22:15:25 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION3"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION3">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="What-is-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-Perl?">#</a><a id="What1"></a><a id="What-is-Perl"></a>What is Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Who-supports-Perl?-Who-develops-it?-Why-is-it-free?"><a class="permalink" href="#Who-supports-Perl?-Who-develops-it?-Why-is-it-free?">#</a><a id="Who"></a><a id="Who-supports-Perl-Who-develops-it-Why-is-it-free"></a>Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Which-version-of-Perl-should-I-use?"><a class="permalink" href="#Which-version-of-Perl-should-I-use?">#</a><a id="Which"></a><a id="Which-version-of-Perl-should-I-use"></a>Which version of Perl should I use?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-are-perl4-and-perl5?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-are-perl4-and-perl5?">#</a><a id="What2"></a><a id="What-are-perl4-and-perl5"></a>What are perl4 and perl5?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-stable-is-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-stable-is-Perl?">#</a><a id="How1"></a><a id="How-stable-is-Perl"></a>How stable is Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-Perl-difficult-to-learn?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-Perl-difficult-to-learn?">#</a><a id="Is"></a><a id="Is-Perl-difficult-to-learn"></a>Is Perl difficult to learn?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-does-Perl-compare-with-other-languages-like-Java,-Python,-REXX,-Scheme,-or-Tcl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-does-Perl-compare-with-other-languages-like-Java,-Python,-REXX,-Scheme,-or-Tcl?">#</a><a id="How2"></a><a id="How-does-Perl-compare-with-other-languages-like-Java-Python-REXX-Scheme-or-Tcl"></a>How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Can-I-do-[task]-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Can-I-do-%5Btask%5D-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="Can"></a><a id="Can-I-do-task-in-Perl"></a>Can I do [task] in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="When-shouldn't-I-program-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#When-shouldn't-I-program-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="When"></a><a id="When-shouldnt-I-program-in-Perl"></a>When shouldn't I program in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-the-difference-between-"perl"-and-"Perl"?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-the-difference-between-%22perl%22-and-%22Perl%22?">#</a><a id="What3"></a><a id="Whats-the-difference-between-perl-and-Perl"></a>What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-it-a-Perl-program-or-a-Perl-script?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-it-a-Perl-program-or-a-Perl-script?">#</a><a id="Is1"></a><a id="Is-it-a-Perl-program-or-a-Perl-script"></a>Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-is-a-JAPH?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-a-JAPH?">#</a><a id="What4"></a><a id="What-is-a-JAPH"></a>What is a JAPH?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-get-a-list-of-Larry-Wall-witticisms?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-get-a-list-of-Larry-Wall-witticisms?">#</a><a id="Where1"></a><a id="Where-can-I-get-a-list-of-Larry-Wall-witticisms"></a>Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-convince-my-sysadmin/supervisor/employees-to-use-version-(5/5.004/Perl-instead-of-some-other-language)?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-convince-my-sysadmin/supervisor/employees-to-use-version-(5/5.004/Perl-instead-of-some-other-language)?">#</a><a id="How3"></a><a id="How-can-I-convince-my-sysadmin-supervisor-employees-to-use-version-5-5.004-Perl-instead-of-some-other-language"></a>How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT">#</a><a id="AUTHOR80"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq2-Obtaining-and-Learning-about-Perl-($Revision:-1.24-$,-$Date:-1998/07/20-23:40:28-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq2-Obtaining-and-Learning-about-Perl-($Revision:-1.24-$,-$Date:-1998/07/20-23:40:28-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq2"></a><a id="perlfaq2---Obtaining-and-Learning-about-Perl-Revision:-1.24-Date:-1998-07-20-23:40:28"></a>perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 1998/07/20 23:40:28 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION4"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION4">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="What-machines-support-Perl?-Where-do-I-get-it?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-machines-support-Perl?-Where-do-I-get-it?">#</a><a id="What5"></a><a id="What-machines-support-Perl-Where-do-I-get-it"></a>What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-get-a-binary-version-of-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-get-a-binary-version-of-Perl?">#</a><a id="How4"></a><a id="How-can-I-get-a-binary-version-of-Perl"></a>How can I get a binary version of Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I-don't-have-a-C-compiler-on-my-system.-How-can-I-compile-perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#I-don't-have-a-C-compiler-on-my-system.-How-can-I-compile-perl?">#</a><a id="I"></a><a id="I-dont-have-a-C-compiler-on-my-system.-How-can-I-compile-perl"></a>I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I-copied-the-Perl-binary-from-one-machine-to-another,-but-scripts-don't-work."><a class="permalink" href="#I-copied-the-Perl-binary-from-one-machine-to-another,-but-scripts-don't-work.">#</a><a id="I1"></a><a id="I-copied-the-Perl-binary-from-one-machine-to-another-but-scripts-dont-work"></a>I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I-grabbed-the-sources-and-tried-to-compile-but-gdbm/dynamic-loading/malloc/linking/...-failed.-How-do-I-make-it-work?"><a class="permalink" href="#I-grabbed-the-sources-and-tried-to-compile-but-gdbm/dynamic-loading/malloc/linking/...-failed.-How-do-I-make-it-work?">#</a><a id="I2"></a><a id="I-grabbed-the-sources-and-tried-to-compile-but-gdbm-dynamic-loading-malloc-linking-...-failed.-How-do-I-make-it-work"></a>I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-modules-and-extensions-are-available-for-Perl?-What-is-CPAN?-What-does-CPAN/src/...-mean?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-modules-and-extensions-are-available-for-Perl?-What-is-CPAN?-What-does-CPAN/src/...-mean?">#</a><a id="What6"></a><a id="What-modules-and-extensions-are-available-for-Perl-What-is-CPAN-What-does-CPAN-src-...-mean"></a>What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-there-an-ISO-or-ANSI-certified-version-of-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-there-an-ISO-or-ANSI-certified-version-of-Perl?">#</a><a id="Is2"></a><a id="Is-there-an-ISO-or-ANSI-certified-version-of-Perl"></a>Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-get-information-on-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-get-information-on-Perl?">#</a><a id="Where2"></a><a id="Where-can-I-get-information-on-Perl"></a>Where can I get information on Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-are-the-Perl-newsgroups-on-USENET?-Where-do-I-post-questions?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-are-the-Perl-newsgroups-on-USENET?-Where-do-I-post-questions?">#</a><a id="What7"></a><a id="What-are-the-Perl-newsgroups-on-USENET-Where-do-I-post-questions"></a>What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-should-I-post-source-code?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-should-I-post-source-code?">#</a><a id="Where3"></a><a id="Where-should-I-post-source-code"></a>Where should I post source code?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-Books"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Books">#</a><a id="Perl"></a>Perl Books</dt> <dd> <p>References, Tutorials *Learning Perl [2nd edition] by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special Topics</p> </dd> <dt id="Perl-in-Magazines"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-in-Magazines">#</a><a id="Perl1"></a>Perl in Magazines</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-on-the-Net:-FTP-and-WWW-Access"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-on-the-Net:-FTP-and-WWW-Access">#</a><a id="Perl2"></a>Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-mailing-lists-are-there-for-perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-mailing-lists-are-there-for-perl?">#</a><a id="What8"></a><a id="What-mailing-lists-are-there-for-perl"></a>What mailing lists are there for perl?</dt> <dd> <p>MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats</p> </dd> <dt id="Archives-of-comp.lang.perl.misc"><a class="permalink" href="#Archives-of-comp.lang.perl.misc">#</a><a id="Archives"></a>Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-buy-a-commercial-version-of-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-buy-a-commercial-version-of-Perl?">#</a><a id="Where4"></a><a id="Where-can-I-buy-a-commercial-version-of-Perl"></a>Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-do-I-send-bug-reports?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-do-I-send-bug-reports?">#</a><a id="Where5"></a><a id="Where-do-I-send-bug-reports"></a>Where do I send bug reports?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-is-perl.com?-perl.org?-The-Perl-Institute?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-perl.com?-perl.org?-The-Perl-Institute?">#</a><a id="What9"></a><a id="What-is-perl.com-perl.org-The-Perl-Institute"></a>What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-learn-about-object-oriented-Perl-programming?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-learn-about-object-oriented-Perl-programming?">#</a><a id="How5"></a><a id="How-do-I-learn-about-object-oriented-Perl-programming"></a>How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT1"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT1">#</a><a id="AUTHOR81"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq3-Programming-Tools-($Revision:-1.28-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-22:08:49-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq3-Programming-Tools-($Revision:-1.28-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-22:08:49-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq3"></a><a id="perlfaq3---Programming-Tools-Revision:-1.28-Date:-1998-07-16-22:08:49"></a>perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 22:08:49 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION5"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION5">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-do-(anything)?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-do-(anything)?">#</a><a id="How6"></a><a id="How-do-I-do-anything"></a>How do I do (anything)?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-use-Perl-interactively?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-use-Perl-interactively?">#</a><a id="How7"></a><a id="How-can-I-use-Perl-interactively"></a>How can I use Perl interactively?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-there-a-Perl-shell?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-there-a-Perl-shell?">#</a><a id="Is3"></a><a id="Is-there-a-Perl-shell"></a>Is there a Perl shell?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-debug-my-Perl-programs?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-debug-my-Perl-programs?">#</a><a id="How8"></a><a id="How-do-I-debug-my-Perl-programs"></a>How do I debug my Perl programs?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-profile-my-Perl-programs?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-profile-my-Perl-programs?">#</a><a id="How9"></a><a id="How-do-I-profile-my-Perl-programs"></a>How do I profile my Perl programs?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-cross-reference-my-Perl-programs?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-cross-reference-my-Perl-programs?">#</a><a id="How10"></a><a id="How-do-I-cross-reference-my-Perl-programs"></a>How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-there-a-pretty-printer-(formatter)-for-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-there-a-pretty-printer-(formatter)-for-Perl?">#</a><a id="Is4"></a><a id="Is-there-a-pretty-printer-formatter-for-Perl"></a>Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-there-a-ctags-for-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-there-a-ctags-for-Perl?">#</a><a id="Is5"></a><a id="Is-there-a-ctags-for-Perl"></a>Is there a ctags for Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-get-Perl-macros-for-vi?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-get-Perl-macros-for-vi?">#</a><a id="Where6"></a><a id="Where-can-I-get-Perl-macros-for-vi"></a>Where can I get Perl macros for vi?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-get-perl-mode-for-emacs?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-get-perl-mode-for-emacs?">#</a><a id="Where7"></a><a id="Where-can-I-get-perl-mode-for-emacs"></a>Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-use-curses-with-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-use-curses-with-Perl?">#</a><a id="How11"></a><a id="How-can-I-use-curses-with-Perl"></a>How can I use curses with Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-use-X-or-Tk-with-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-use-X-or-Tk-with-Perl?">#</a><a id="How12"></a><a id="How-can-I-use-X-or-Tk-with-Perl"></a>How can I use X or Tk with Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-generate-simple-menus-without-using-CGI-or-Tk?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-generate-simple-menus-without-using-CGI-or-Tk?">#</a><a id="How13"></a><a id="How-can-I-generate-simple-menus-without-using-CGI-or-Tk"></a>How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-is-undump?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-undump?">#</a><a id="What10"></a><a id="What-is-undump"></a>What is undump?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-my-Perl-program-run-faster?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-my-Perl-program-run-faster?">#</a><a id="How14"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-my-Perl-program-run-faster"></a>How can I make my Perl program run faster?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-my-Perl-program-take-less-memory?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-my-Perl-program-take-less-memory?">#</a><a id="How15"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-my-Perl-program-take-less-memory"></a>How can I make my Perl program take less memory?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-it-unsafe-to-return-a-pointer-to-local-data?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-it-unsafe-to-return-a-pointer-to-local-data?">#</a><a id="Is6"></a><a id="Is-it-unsafe-to-return-a-pointer-to-local-data"></a>Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-free-an-array-or-hash-so-my-program-shrinks?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-free-an-array-or-hash-so-my-program-shrinks?">#</a><a id="How16"></a><a id="How-can-I-free-an-array-or-hash-so-my-program-shrinks"></a>How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-my-CGI-script-more-efficient?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-my-CGI-script-more-efficient?">#</a><a id="How17"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-my-CGI-script-more-efficient"></a>How can I make my CGI script more efficient?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-hide-the-source-for-my-Perl-program?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-hide-the-source-for-my-Perl-program?">#</a><a id="How18"></a><a id="How-can-I-hide-the-source-for-my-Perl-program"></a>How can I hide the source for my Perl program?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-compile-my-Perl-program-into-byte-code-or-C?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-compile-my-Perl-program-into-byte-code-or-C?">#</a><a id="How19"></a><a id="How-can-I-compile-my-Perl-program-into-byte-code-or-C"></a>How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-get-#!perl-to-work-on-[MS-DOS,NT,...]?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-get-%23!perl-to-work-on-%5BMS-DOS,NT,...%5D?">#</a><a id="How20"></a><a id="How-can-I-get-perl-to-work-on-MS-DOS-NT"></a>How can I get <code>#!perl</code> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Can-I-write-useful-perl-programs-on-the-command-line?"><a class="permalink" href="#Can-I-write-useful-perl-programs-on-the-command-line?">#</a><a id="Can1"></a><a id="Can-I-write-useful-perl-programs-on-the-command-line"></a>Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-don't-perl-one-liners-work-on-my-DOS/Mac/VMS-system?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-don't-perl-one-liners-work-on-my-DOS/Mac/VMS-system?">#</a><a id="Why"></a><a id="Why-dont-perl-one-liners-work-on-my-DOS-Mac-VMS-system"></a>Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-learn-about-CGI-or-Web-programming-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-learn-about-CGI-or-Web-programming-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="Where8"></a><a id="Where-can-I-learn-about-CGI-or-Web-programming-in-Perl"></a>Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-learn-about-object-oriented-Perl-programming?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-learn-about-object-oriented-Perl-programming?">#</a><a id="Where9"></a><a id="Where-can-I-learn-about-object-oriented-Perl-programming"></a>Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-can-I-learn-about-linking-C-with-Perl?-[h2xs,-xsubpp]"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-can-I-learn-about-linking-C-with-Perl?-%5Bh2xs,-xsubpp%5D">#</a><a id="Where10"></a><a id="Where-can-I-learn-about-linking-C-with-Perl-h2xs-xsubpp"></a>Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I've-read-perlembed,-perlguts,-etc.,-but-I-can't-embed-perl-in-my-C-program,-what-am-I-doing-wrong?"><a class="permalink" href="#I've-read-perlembed,-perlguts,-etc.,-but-I-can't-embed-perl-in-my-C-program,-what-am-I-doing-wrong?">#</a><a id="I3"></a><a id="Ive-read-perlembed-perlguts-etc.-but-I-cant-embed-perl-in-my-C-program-what-am-I-doing-wrong"></a>I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="When-I-tried-to-run-my-script,-I-got-this-message.-What-does-it-mean?"><a class="permalink" href="#When-I-tried-to-run-my-script,-I-got-this-message.-What-does-it-mean?">#</a><a id="When1"></a><a id="When-I-tried-to-run-my-script-I-got-this-message.-What-does-it-mean"></a>When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-MakeMaker?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-MakeMaker?">#</a><a id="What11"></a><a id="Whats-MakeMaker"></a>What's MakeMaker?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT2"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT2">#</a><a id="AUTHOR82"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq4-Data-Manipulation-($Revision:-1.25-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-22:49:55-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq4-Data-Manipulation-($Revision:-1.25-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-22:49:55-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq4"></a><a id="perlfaq4---Data-Manipulation-Revision:-1.25-Date:-1998-07-16-22:49:55"></a>perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 22:49:55 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION6"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION6">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Data:-Numbers"><a class="permalink" href="#Data:-Numbers">#</a><a id="Data"></a>Data: Numbers</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Why-am-I-getting-long-decimals-(eg,-19.9499999999999)-instead-of-the-numbers-I-should-be-getting-(eg,-19.95)?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-am-I-getting-long-decimals-(eg,-19.9499999999999)-instead-of-the-numbers-I-should-be-getting-(eg,-19.95)?">#</a><a id="Why1"></a><a id="Why-am-I-getting-long-decimals-eg-19.9499999999999-instead-of-the-numbers-I-should-be-getting-eg-19.95"></a>Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-isn't-my-octal-data-interpreted-correctly?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-isn't-my-octal-data-interpreted-correctly?">#</a><a id="Why2"></a><a id="Why-isnt-my-octal-data-interpreted-correctly"></a>Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Does-perl-have-a-round-function?-What-about-ceil()-and-floor()?-Trig-functions?"><a class="permalink" href="#Does-perl-have-a-round-function?-What-about-ceil()-and-floor()?-Trig-functions?">#</a><a id="Does"></a><a id="Does-perl-have-a-round-function-What-about-ceil-and-floor-Trig-functions"></a>Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-convert-bits-into-ints?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-convert-bits-into-ints?">#</a><a id="How21"></a><a id="How-do-I-convert-bits-into-ints"></a>How do I convert bits into ints?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-multiply-matrices?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-multiply-matrices?">#</a><a id="How22"></a><a id="How-do-I-multiply-matrices"></a>How do I multiply matrices?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-perform-an-operation-on-a-series-of-integers?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-perform-an-operation-on-a-series-of-integers?">#</a><a id="How23"></a><a id="How-do-I-perform-an-operation-on-a-series-of-integers"></a>How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-output-Roman-numerals?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-output-Roman-numerals?">#</a><a id="How24"></a><a id="How-can-I-output-Roman-numerals"></a>How can I output Roman numerals?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-aren't-my-random-numbers-random?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-aren't-my-random-numbers-random?">#</a><a id="Why3"></a><a id="Why-arent-my-random-numbers-random"></a>Why aren't my random numbers random?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Data:-Dates"><a class="permalink" href="#Data:-Dates">#</a><a id="Data1"></a>Data: Dates</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-find-the-week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-the-week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?">#</a><a id="How25"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-the-week-of-the-year-day-of-the-year"></a>How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-compare-two-dates-and-find-the-difference?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-compare-two-dates-and-find-the-difference?">#</a><a id="How26"></a><a id="How-can-I-compare-two-dates-and-find-the-difference"></a>How can I compare two dates and find the difference?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-take-a-string-and-turn-it-into-epoch-seconds?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-take-a-string-and-turn-it-into-epoch-seconds?">#</a><a id="How27"></a><a id="How-can-I-take-a-string-and-turn-it-into-epoch-seconds"></a>How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-find-the-Julian-Day?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-find-the-Julian-Day?">#</a><a id="How28"></a><a id="How-can-I-find-the-Julian-Day"></a>How can I find the Julian Day?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Does-Perl-have-a-year-2000-problem?-Is-Perl-Y2K-compliant?"><a class="permalink" href="#Does-Perl-have-a-year-2000-problem?-Is-Perl-Y2K-compliant?">#</a><a id="Does1"></a><a id="Does-Perl-have-a-year-2000-problem-Is-Perl-Y2K-compliant"></a>Does Perl have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Data:-Strings"><a class="permalink" href="#Data:-Strings">#</a><a id="Data2"></a>Data: Strings</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-validate-input?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-validate-input?">#</a><a id="How29"></a><a id="How-do-I-validate-input"></a>How do I validate input?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-unescape-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-unescape-a-string?">#</a><a id="How30"></a><a id="How-do-I-unescape-a-string"></a>How do I unescape a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-remove-consecutive-pairs-of-characters?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-remove-consecutive-pairs-of-characters?">#</a><a id="How31"></a><a id="How-do-I-remove-consecutive-pairs-of-characters"></a>How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-expand-function-calls-in-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-expand-function-calls-in-a-string?">#</a><a id="How32"></a><a id="How-do-I-expand-function-calls-in-a-string"></a>How do I expand function calls in a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-find-matching/nesting-anything?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-matching/nesting-anything?">#</a><a id="How33"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-matching-nesting-anything"></a>How do I find matching/nesting anything?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-reverse-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-reverse-a-string?">#</a><a id="How34"></a><a id="How-do-I-reverse-a-string"></a>How do I reverse a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-expand-tabs-in-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-expand-tabs-in-a-string?">#</a><a id="How35"></a><a id="How-do-I-expand-tabs-in-a-string"></a>How do I expand tabs in a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-reformat-a-paragraph?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-reformat-a-paragraph?">#</a><a id="How36"></a><a id="How-do-I-reformat-a-paragraph"></a>How do I reformat a paragraph?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-access/change-the-first-N-letters-of-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-access/change-the-first-N-letters-of-a-string?">#</a><a id="How37"></a><a id="How-can-I-access-change-the-first-N-letters-of-a-string"></a>How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-change-the-Nth-occurrence-of-something?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-change-the-Nth-occurrence-of-something?">#</a><a id="How38"></a><a id="How-do-I-change-the-Nth-occurrence-of-something"></a>How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-count-the-number-of-occurrences-of-a-substring-within-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-count-the-number-of-occurrences-of-a-substring-within-a-string?">#</a><a id="How39"></a><a id="How-can-I-count-the-number-of-occurrences-of-a-substring-within-a-string"></a>How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-capitalize-all-the-words-on-one-line?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-capitalize-all-the-words-on-one-line?">#</a><a id="How40"></a><a id="How-do-I-capitalize-all-the-words-on-one-line"></a>How do I capitalize all the words on one line?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-split-a-[character]-delimited-string-except-when-inside-[character]?-(Comma-separated-files)"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-split-a-%5Bcharacter%5D-delimited-string-except-when-inside-%5Bcharacter%5D?-(Comma-separated-files)">#</a><a id="How41"></a><a id="How-can-I-split-a-character-delimited-string-except-when-inside-character-Comma-separated-files"></a>How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-strip-blank-space-from-the-beginning/end-of-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-strip-blank-space-from-the-beginning/end-of-a-string?">#</a><a id="How42"></a><a id="How-do-I-strip-blank-space-from-the-beginning-end-of-a-string"></a>How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-extract-selected-columns-from-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-extract-selected-columns-from-a-string?">#</a><a id="How43"></a><a id="How-do-I-extract-selected-columns-from-a-string"></a>How do I extract selected columns from a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-find-the-soundex-value-of-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-the-soundex-value-of-a-string?">#</a><a id="How44"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-the-soundex-value-of-a-string"></a>How do I find the soundex value of a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-expand-variables-in-text-strings?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-expand-variables-in-text-strings?">#</a><a id="How45"></a><a id="How-can-I-expand-variables-in-text-strings"></a>How can I expand variables in text strings?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-wrong-with-always-quoting-"$vars"?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-wrong-with-always-quoting-%22$vars%22?">#</a><a id="What12"></a><a id="Whats-wrong-with-always-quoting-vars"></a>What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-don't-my-<<HERE-documents-work?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-don't-my-%3C%3CHERE-documents-work?">#</a><a id="Why4"></a><a id="Why-dont-my-HERE-documents-work"></a>Why don't my <<HERE documents work?</dt> <dd> <p>1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Data:-Arrays"><a class="permalink" href="#Data:-Arrays">#</a><a id="Data3"></a>Data: Arrays</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="What-is-the-difference-between-$array[1]-and-@array[1]?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-the-difference-between-$array%5B1%5D-and-@array%5B1%5D?">#</a><a id="What13"></a><a id="What-is-the-difference-between-array-1-and-array-1"></a>What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-extract-just-the-unique-elements-of-an-array?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-extract-just-the-unique-elements-of-an-array?">#</a><a id="How46"></a><a id="How-can-I-extract-just-the-unique-elements-of-an-array"></a>How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?</dt> <dd> <p>a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive integers:</p> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-tell-whether-a-list-or-array-contains-a-certain-element?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-tell-whether-a-list-or-array-contains-a-certain-element?">#</a><a id="How47"></a><a id="How-can-I-tell-whether-a-list-or-array-contains-a-certain-element"></a>How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-compute-the-difference-of-two-arrays?-How-do-I-compute-the-intersection-of-two-arrays?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-compute-the-difference-of-two-arrays?-How-do-I-compute-the-intersection-of-two-arrays?">#</a><a id="How48"></a><a id="How-do-I-compute-the-difference-of-two-arrays-How-do-I-compute-the-intersection-of-two-arrays"></a>How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-find-the-first-array-element-for-which-a-condition-is-true?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-the-first-array-element-for-which-a-condition-is-true?">#</a><a id="How49"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-the-first-array-element-for-which-a-condition-is-true"></a>How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-handle-linked-lists?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-handle-linked-lists?">#</a><a id="How50"></a><a id="How-do-I-handle-linked-lists"></a>How do I handle linked lists?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-handle-circular-lists?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-handle-circular-lists?">#</a><a id="How51"></a><a id="How-do-I-handle-circular-lists"></a>How do I handle circular lists?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-shuffle-an-array-randomly?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-shuffle-an-array-randomly?">#</a><a id="How52"></a><a id="How-do-I-shuffle-an-array-randomly"></a>How do I shuffle an array randomly?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-process/modify-each-element-of-an-array?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-process/modify-each-element-of-an-array?">#</a><a id="How53"></a><a id="How-do-I-process-modify-each-element-of-an-array"></a>How do I process/modify each element of an array?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-select-a-random-element-from-an-array?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-select-a-random-element-from-an-array?">#</a><a id="How54"></a><a id="How-do-I-select-a-random-element-from-an-array"></a>How do I select a random element from an array?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-permute-N-elements-of-a-list?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-permute-N-elements-of-a-list?">#</a><a id="How55"></a><a id="How-do-I-permute-N-elements-of-a-list"></a>How do I permute N elements of a list?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-sort-an-array-by-(anything)?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-sort-an-array-by-(anything)?">#</a><a id="How56"></a><a id="How-do-I-sort-an-array-by-anything"></a>How do I sort an array by (anything)?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-manipulate-arrays-of-bits?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-manipulate-arrays-of-bits?">#</a><a id="How57"></a><a id="How-do-I-manipulate-arrays-of-bits"></a>How do I manipulate arrays of bits?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-does-defined()-return-true-on-empty-arrays-and-hashes?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-does-defined()-return-true-on-empty-arrays-and-hashes?">#</a><a id="Why5"></a><a id="Why-does-defined-return-true-on-empty-arrays-and-hashes"></a>Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Data:-Hashes-(Associative-Arrays)"><a class="permalink" href="#Data:-Hashes-(Associative-Arrays)">#</a><a id="Data4"></a><a id="Data:-Hashes-Associative-Arrays"></a>Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-process-an-entire-hash?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-process-an-entire-hash?">#</a><a id="How58"></a><a id="How-do-I-process-an-entire-hash"></a>How do I process an entire hash?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-happens-if-I-add-or-remove-keys-from-a-hash-while-iterating-over-it?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-happens-if-I-add-or-remove-keys-from-a-hash-while-iterating-over-it?">#</a><a id="What14"></a><a id="What-happens-if-I-add-or-remove-keys-from-a-hash-while-iterating-over-it"></a>What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-look-up-a-hash-element-by-value?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-look-up-a-hash-element-by-value?">#</a><a id="How59"></a><a id="How-do-I-look-up-a-hash-element-by-value"></a>How do I look up a hash element by value?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-know-how-many-entries-are-in-a-hash?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-know-how-many-entries-are-in-a-hash?">#</a><a id="How60"></a><a id="How-can-I-know-how-many-entries-are-in-a-hash"></a>How can I know how many entries are in a hash?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-sort-a-hash-(optionally-by-value-instead-of-key)?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-sort-a-hash-(optionally-by-value-instead-of-key)?">#</a><a id="How61"></a><a id="How-do-I-sort-a-hash-optionally-by-value-instead-of-key"></a>How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-always-keep-my-hash-sorted?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-always-keep-my-hash-sorted?">#</a><a id="How62"></a><a id="How-can-I-always-keep-my-hash-sorted"></a>How can I always keep my hash sorted?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-the-difference-between-"delete"-and-"undef"-with-hashes?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-the-difference-between-%22delete%22-and-%22undef%22-with-hashes?">#</a><a id="What15"></a><a id="Whats-the-difference-between-delete-and-undef-with-hashes"></a>What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-don't-my-tied-hashes-make-the-defined/exists-distinction?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-don't-my-tied-hashes-make-the-defined/exists-distinction?">#</a><a id="Why6"></a><a id="Why-dont-my-tied-hashes-make-the-defined-exists-distinction"></a>Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-reset-an-each()-operation-part-way-through?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-reset-an-each()-operation-part-way-through?">#</a><a id="How63"></a><a id="How-do-I-reset-an-each-operation-part-way-through"></a>How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-get-the-unique-keys-from-two-hashes?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-get-the-unique-keys-from-two-hashes?">#</a><a id="How64"></a><a id="How-can-I-get-the-unique-keys-from-two-hashes"></a>How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-store-a-multidimensional-array-in-a-DBM-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-store-a-multidimensional-array-in-a-DBM-file?">#</a><a id="How65"></a><a id="How-can-I-store-a-multidimensional-array-in-a-DBM-file"></a>How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-my-hash-remember-the-order-I-put-elements-into-it?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-my-hash-remember-the-order-I-put-elements-into-it?">#</a><a id="How66"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-my-hash-remember-the-order-I-put-elements-into-it"></a>How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-does-passing-a-subroutine-an-undefined-element-in-a-hash-create-it?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-does-passing-a-subroutine-an-undefined-element-in-a-hash-create-it?">#</a><a id="Why7"></a><a id="Why-does-passing-a-subroutine-an-undefined-element-in-a-hash-create-it"></a>Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-the-Perl-equivalent-of-a-C-structure/C++-class/hash-or-array-of-hashes-or-arrays?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-the-Perl-equivalent-of-a-C-structure/C++-class/hash-or-array-of-hashes-or-arrays?">#</a><a id="How67"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-the-Perl-equivalent-of-a-C-structure-C-class-hash-or-array-of-hashes-or-arrays"></a>How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-use-a-reference-as-a-hash-key?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-use-a-reference-as-a-hash-key?">#</a><a id="How68"></a><a id="How-can-I-use-a-reference-as-a-hash-key"></a>How can I use a reference as a hash key?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Data:-Misc"><a class="permalink" href="#Data:-Misc">#</a><a id="Data5"></a>Data: Misc</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-handle-binary-data-correctly?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-handle-binary-data-correctly?">#</a><a id="How69"></a><a id="How-do-I-handle-binary-data-correctly"></a>How do I handle binary data correctly?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-determine-whether-a-scalar-is-a-number/whole/integer/float?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-determine-whether-a-scalar-is-a-number/whole/integer/float?">#</a><a id="How70"></a><a id="How-do-I-determine-whether-a-scalar-is-a-number-whole-integer-float"></a>How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-keep-persistent-data-across-program-calls?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-keep-persistent-data-across-program-calls?">#</a><a id="How71"></a><a id="How-do-I-keep-persistent-data-across-program-calls"></a>How do I keep persistent data across program calls?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-print-out-or-copy-a-recursive-data-structure?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-print-out-or-copy-a-recursive-data-structure?">#</a><a id="How72"></a><a id="How-do-I-print-out-or-copy-a-recursive-data-structure"></a>How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-define-methods-for-every-class/object?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-define-methods-for-every-class/object?">#</a><a id="How73"></a><a id="How-do-I-define-methods-for-every-class-object"></a>How do I define methods for every class/object?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-verify-a-credit-card-checksum?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-verify-a-credit-card-checksum?">#</a><a id="How74"></a><a id="How-do-I-verify-a-credit-card-checksum"></a>How do I verify a credit card checksum?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT3"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT3">#</a><a id="AUTHOR83"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq5-Files-and-Formats-($Revision:-1.24-$,-$Date:-1998/07/05-15:07:20-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq5-Files-and-Formats-($Revision:-1.24-$,-$Date:-1998/07/05-15:07:20-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq5"></a><a id="perlfaq5---Files-and-Formats-Revision:-1.24-Date:-1998-07-05-15:07:20"></a>perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION7"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION7">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-flush/unbuffer-an-output-filehandle?-Why-must-I-do-this?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-flush/unbuffer-an-output-filehandle?-Why-must-I-do-this?">#</a><a id="How75"></a><a id="How-do-I-flush-unbuffer-an-output-filehandle-Why-must-I-do-this"></a>How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-change-one-line-in-a-file/delete-a-line-in-a-file/insert-a-line-in-the-middle-of-a-file/append-to-the-beginning-of-a-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-change-one-line-in-a-file/delete-a-line-in-a-file/insert-a-line-in-the-middle-of-a-file/append-to-the-beginning-of-a-file?">#</a><a id="How76"></a><a id="How-do-I-change-one-line-in-a-file-delete-a-line-in-a-file-insert-a-line-in-the-middle-of-a-file-append-to-the-beginning-of-a-file"></a>How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-count-the-number-of-lines-in-a-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-count-the-number-of-lines-in-a-file?">#</a><a id="How77"></a><a id="How-do-I-count-the-number-of-lines-in-a-file"></a>How do I count the number of lines in a file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-make-a-temporary-file-name?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-make-a-temporary-file-name?">#</a><a id="How78"></a><a id="How-do-I-make-a-temporary-file-name"></a>How do I make a temporary file name?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-manipulate-fixed-record-length-files?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-manipulate-fixed-record-length-files?">#</a><a id="How79"></a><a id="How-can-I-manipulate-fixed-record-length-files"></a>How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-a-filehandle-local-to-a-subroutine?-How-do-I-pass-filehandles-between-subroutines?-How-do-I-make-an-array-of-filehandles?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-a-filehandle-local-to-a-subroutine?-How-do-I-pass-filehandles-between-subroutines?-How-do-I-make-an-array-of-filehandles?">#</a><a id="How80"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-a-filehandle-local-to-a-subroutine-How-do-I-pass-filehandles-between-subroutines-How-do-I-make-an-array-of-filehandles"></a>How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-use-a-filehandle-indirectly?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-use-a-filehandle-indirectly?">#</a><a id="How81"></a><a id="How-can-I-use-a-filehandle-indirectly"></a>How can I use a filehandle indirectly?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-set-up-a-footer-format-to-be-used-with-write()?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-set-up-a-footer-format-to-be-used-with-write()?">#</a><a id="How82"></a><a id="How-can-I-set-up-a-footer-format-to-be-used-with-write"></a>How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-write()-into-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-write()-into-a-string?">#</a><a id="How83"></a><a id="How-can-I-write-into-a-string"></a>How can I write() into a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-output-my-numbers-with-commas-added?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-output-my-numbers-with-commas-added?">#</a><a id="How84"></a><a id="How-can-I-output-my-numbers-with-commas-added"></a>How can I output my numbers with commas added?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-translate-tildes-(~)-in-a-filename?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-translate-tildes-(~)-in-a-filename?">#</a><a id="How85"></a><a id="How-can-I-translate-tildes-in-a-filename"></a>How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-come-when-I-open-a-file-read-write-it-wipes-it-out?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-come-when-I-open-a-file-read-write-it-wipes-it-out?">#</a><a id="How86"></a><a id="How-come-when-I-open-a-file-read-write-it-wipes-it-out"></a>How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-do-I-sometimes-get-an-"Argument-list-too-long"-when-I-use-<*>?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-do-I-sometimes-get-an-%22Argument-list-too-long%22-when-I-use-%3C*%3E?">#</a><a id="Why8"></a><a id="Why-do-I-sometimes-get-an-Argument-list-too-long-when-I-use"></a>Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-there-a-leak/bug-in-glob()?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-there-a-leak/bug-in-glob()?">#</a><a id="Is7"></a><a id="Is-there-a-leak-bug-in-glob"></a>Is there a leak/bug in glob()?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-open-a-file-with-a-leading-">"-or-trailing-blanks?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-open-a-file-with-a-leading-%22%3E%22-or-trailing-blanks?">#</a><a id="How87"></a><a id="How-can-I-open-a-file-with-a-leading-or-trailing-blanks"></a>How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-reliably-rename-a-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-reliably-rename-a-file?">#</a><a id="How88"></a><a id="How-can-I-reliably-rename-a-file"></a>How can I reliably rename a file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-lock-a-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-lock-a-file?">#</a><a id="How89"></a><a id="How-can-I-lock-a-file"></a>How can I lock a file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-can't-I-just-open(FH,-">file.lock")?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-can't-I-just-open(FH,-%22%3Efile.lock%22)?">#</a><a id="What16"></a><a id="What-cant-I-just-open-FH-file.lock"></a>What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I-still-don't-get-locking.-I-just-want-to-increment-the-number-in-the-file.-How-can-I-do-this?"><a class="permalink" href="#I-still-don't-get-locking.-I-just-want-to-increment-the-number-in-the-file.-How-can-I-do-this?">#</a><a id="I4"></a><a id="I-still-dont-get-locking.-I-just-want-to-increment-the-number-in-the-file.-How-can-I-do-this"></a>I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-randomly-update-a-binary-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-randomly-update-a-binary-file?">#</a><a id="How90"></a><a id="How-do-I-randomly-update-a-binary-file"></a>How do I randomly update a binary file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-get-a-file's-timestamp-in-perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-get-a-file's-timestamp-in-perl?">#</a><a id="How91"></a><a id="How-do-I-get-a-files-timestamp-in-perl"></a>How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-set-a-file's-timestamp-in-perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-set-a-file's-timestamp-in-perl?">#</a><a id="How92"></a><a id="How-do-I-set-a-files-timestamp-in-perl"></a>How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-print-to-more-than-one-file-at-once?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-print-to-more-than-one-file-at-once?">#</a><a id="How93"></a><a id="How-do-I-print-to-more-than-one-file-at-once"></a>How do I print to more than one file at once?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-read-in-a-file-by-paragraphs?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-read-in-a-file-by-paragraphs?">#</a><a id="How94"></a><a id="How-can-I-read-in-a-file-by-paragraphs"></a>How can I read in a file by paragraphs?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-read-a-single-character-from-a-file?-From-the-keyboard?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-read-a-single-character-from-a-file?-From-the-keyboard?">#</a><a id="How95"></a><a id="How-can-I-read-a-single-character-from-a-file-From-the-keyboard"></a>How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-tell-if-there's-a-character-waiting-on-a-filehandle?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-tell-if-there's-a-character-waiting-on-a-filehandle?">#</a><a id="How96"></a><a id="How-can-I-tell-if-theres-a-character-waiting-on-a-filehandle"></a>How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-do-a-tail-f-in-perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-do-a-tail-f-in-perl?">#</a><a id="How97"></a><a id="How-do-I-do-a-tail--f-in-perl"></a>How do I do a <code>tail -f</code> in perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-dup()-a-filehandle-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-dup()-a-filehandle-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="How98"></a><a id="How-do-I-dup-a-filehandle-in-Perl"></a>How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-close-a-file-descriptor-by-number?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-close-a-file-descriptor-by-number?">#</a><a id="How99"></a><a id="How-do-I-close-a-file-descriptor-by-number"></a>How do I close a file descriptor by number?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-can't-I-use-"C:\temp\foo"-in-DOS-paths?-What-doesn't-`C:\temp\foo.exe`-work?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-can't-I-use-%22C:%5Ctemp%5Cfoo%22-in-DOS-paths?-What-doesn't-%60C:%5Ctemp%5Cfoo.exe%60-work?">#</a><a id="Why9"></a><a id="Why-cant-I-use-C:-temp-foo-in-DOS-paths-What-doesnt-C:-temp-foo.exe-work"></a>Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-doesn't-glob("*.*")-get-all-the-files?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-doesn't-glob(%22*.*%22)-get-all-the-files?">#</a><a id="Why10"></a><a id="Why-doesnt-glob-.-get-all-the-files"></a>Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-does-Perl-let-me-delete-read-only-files?-Why-does-i-clobber-protected-files?-Isn't-this-a-bug-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-does-Perl-let-me-delete-read-only-files?-Why-does-i-clobber-protected-files?-Isn't-this-a-bug-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="Why11"></a><a id="Why-does-Perl-let-me-delete-read-only-files-Why-does--i-clobber-protected-files-Isnt-this-a-bug-in-Perl"></a>Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does <code>-i</code> clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-select-a-random-line-from-a-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-select-a-random-line-from-a-file?">#</a><a id="How100"></a><a id="How-do-I-select-a-random-line-from-a-file"></a>How do I select a random line from a file?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT4"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT4">#</a><a id="AUTHOR84"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq6-Regexps-($Revision:-1.22-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-14:01:07-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq6-Regexps-($Revision:-1.22-$,-$Date:-1998/07/16-14:01:07-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq6"></a><a id="perlfaq6---Regexps-Revision:-1.22-Date:-1998-07-16-14:01:07"></a>perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 14:01:07 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION8"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION8">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-can-I-hope-to-use-regular-expressions-without-creating-illegible-and-unmaintainable-code?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-hope-to-use-regular-expressions-without-creating-illegible-and-unmaintainable-code?">#</a><a id="How101"></a><a id="How-can-I-hope-to-use-regular-expressions-without-creating-illegible-and-unmaintainable-code"></a>How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?</dt> <dd> <p>Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different Delimiters</p> </dd> <dt id="I'm-having-trouble-matching-over-more-than-one-line.-What's-wrong?"><a class="permalink" href="#I'm-having-trouble-matching-over-more-than-one-line.-What's-wrong?">#</a><a id="I5"></a><a id="Im-having-trouble-matching-over-more-than-one-line.-Whats-wrong"></a>I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-pull-out-lines-between-two-patterns-that-are-themselves-on-different-lines?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-pull-out-lines-between-two-patterns-that-are-themselves-on-different-lines?">#</a><a id="How102"></a><a id="How-can-I-pull-out-lines-between-two-patterns-that-are-themselves-on-different-lines"></a>How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I-put-a-regular-expression-into-$/-but-it-didn't-work.-What's-wrong?"><a class="permalink" href="#I-put-a-regular-expression-into-$/-but-it-didn't-work.-What's-wrong?">#</a><a id="I6"></a><a id="I-put-a-regular-expression-into-but-it-didnt-work.-Whats-wrong"></a>I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-substitute-case-insensitively-on-the-LHS,-but-preserving-case-on-the-RHS?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-substitute-case-insensitively-on-the-LHS,-but-preserving-case-on-the-RHS?">#</a><a id="How103"></a><a id="How-do-I-substitute-case-insensitively-on-the-LHS-but-preserving-case-on-the-RHS"></a>How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-make-\w-match-national-character-sets?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-make-%5Cw-match-national-character-sets?">#</a><a id="How104"></a><a id="How-can-I-make-w-match-national-character-sets"></a>How can I make <code>\w</code> match national character sets?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-match-a-locale-smart-version-of-/[a-zA-Z]/?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-match-a-locale-smart-version-of-/%5Ba-zA-Z%5D/?">#</a><a id="How105"></a><a id="How-can-I-match-a-locale-smart-version-of-a-zA-Z"></a>How can I match a locale-smart version of <code>/[a-zA-Z]/</code>?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-quote-a-variable-to-use-in-a-regexp?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-quote-a-variable-to-use-in-a-regexp?">#</a><a id="How106"></a><a id="How-can-I-quote-a-variable-to-use-in-a-regexp"></a>How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-is-/o-really-for?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-/o-really-for?">#</a><a id="What17"></a><a id="What-is-o-really-for"></a>What is <code>/o</code> really for?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-use-a-regular-expression-to-strip-C-style-comments-from-a-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-use-a-regular-expression-to-strip-C-style-comments-from-a-file?">#</a><a id="How107"></a><a id="How-do-I-use-a-regular-expression-to-strip-C-style-comments-from-a-file"></a>How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Can-I-use-Perl-regular-expressions-to-match-balanced-text?"><a class="permalink" href="#Can-I-use-Perl-regular-expressions-to-match-balanced-text?">#</a><a id="Can2"></a><a id="Can-I-use-Perl-regular-expressions-to-match-balanced-text"></a>Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-does-it-mean-that-regexps-are-greedy?-How-can-I-get-around-it?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-does-it-mean-that-regexps-are-greedy?-How-can-I-get-around-it?">#</a><a id="What18"></a><a id="What-does-it-mean-that-regexps-are-greedy-How-can-I-get-around-it"></a>What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-process-each-word-on-each-line?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-process-each-word-on-each-line?">#</a><a id="How108"></a><a id="How-do-I-process-each-word-on-each-line"></a>How do I process each word on each line?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-print-out-a-word-frequency-or-line-frequency-summary?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-print-out-a-word-frequency-or-line-frequency-summary?">#</a><a id="How109"></a><a id="How-can-I-print-out-a-word-frequency-or-line-frequency-summary"></a>How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-do-approximate-matching?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-do-approximate-matching?">#</a><a id="How110"></a><a id="How-can-I-do-approximate-matching"></a>How can I do approximate matching?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-efficiently-match-many-regular-expressions-at-once?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-efficiently-match-many-regular-expressions-at-once?">#</a><a id="How111"></a><a id="How-do-I-efficiently-match-many-regular-expressions-at-once"></a>How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-don't-word-boundary-searches-with-\b-work-for-me?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-don't-word-boundary-searches-with-%5Cb-work-for-me?">#</a><a id="Why12"></a><a id="Why-dont-word-boundary-searches-with-b-work-for-me"></a>Why don't word-boundary searches with <code>\b</code> work for me?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-does-using-$&,-$`,-or-$'-slow-my-program-down?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-does-using-$&,-$%60,-or-$'-slow-my-program-down?">#</a><a id="Why13"></a><a id="Why-does-using-or-slow-my-program-down"></a>Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-good-is-\G-in-a-regular-expression?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-good-is-%5CG-in-a-regular-expression?">#</a><a id="What19"></a><a id="What-good-is-G-in-a-regular-expression"></a>What good is <code>\G</code> in a regular expression?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Are-Perl-regexps-DFAs-or-NFAs?-Are-they-POSIX-compliant?"><a class="permalink" href="#Are-Perl-regexps-DFAs-or-NFAs?-Are-they-POSIX-compliant?">#</a><a id="Are"></a><a id="Are-Perl-regexps-DFAs-or-NFAs-Are-they-POSIX-compliant"></a>Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-wrong-with-using-grep-or-map-in-a-void-context?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-wrong-with-using-grep-or-map-in-a-void-context?">#</a><a id="What20"></a><a id="Whats-wrong-with-using-grep-or-map-in-a-void-context"></a>What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-match-strings-with-multibyte-characters?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-match-strings-with-multibyte-characters?">#</a><a id="How112"></a><a id="How-can-I-match-strings-with-multibyte-characters"></a>How can I match strings with multibyte characters?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT5"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT5">#</a><a id="AUTHOR85"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq7-Perl-Language-Issues-($Revision:-1.21-$,-$Date:-1998/06/22-15:20:07-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq7-Perl-Language-Issues-($Revision:-1.21-$,-$Date:-1998/06/22-15:20:07-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq7"></a><a id="perlfaq7---Perl-Language-Issues-Revision:-1.21-Date:-1998-06-22-15:20:07"></a>perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1998/06/22 15:20:07 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION9"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION9">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Can-I-get-a-BNF/yacc/RE-for-the-Perl-language?"><a class="permalink" href="#Can-I-get-a-BNF/yacc/RE-for-the-Perl-language?">#</a><a id="Can3"></a><a id="Can-I-get-a-BNF-yacc-RE-for-the-Perl-language"></a>Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-are-all-these-$@%*-punctuation-signs,-and-how-do-I-know-when-to-use-them?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-are-all-these-$@%25*-punctuation-signs,-and-how-do-I-know-when-to-use-them?">#</a><a id="What21"></a><a id="What-are-all-these-punctuation-signs-and-how-do-I-know-when-to-use-them"></a>What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Do-I-always/never-have-to-quote-my-strings-or-use-semicolons-and-commas?"><a class="permalink" href="#Do-I-always/never-have-to-quote-my-strings-or-use-semicolons-and-commas?">#</a><a id="Do"></a><a id="Do-I-always-never-have-to-quote-my-strings-or-use-semicolons-and-commas"></a>Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-skip-some-return-values?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-skip-some-return-values?">#</a><a id="How113"></a><a id="How-do-I-skip-some-return-values"></a>How do I skip some return values?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-temporarily-block-warnings?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-temporarily-block-warnings?">#</a><a id="How114"></a><a id="How-do-I-temporarily-block-warnings"></a>How do I temporarily block warnings?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-an-extension?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-an-extension?">#</a><a id="What22"></a><a id="Whats-an-extension"></a>What's an extension?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-do-Perl-operators-have-different-precedence-than-C-operators?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-do-Perl-operators-have-different-precedence-than-C-operators?">#</a><a id="Why14"></a><a id="Why-do-Perl-operators-have-different-precedence-than-C-operators"></a>Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-declare/create-a-structure?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-declare/create-a-structure?">#</a><a id="How115"></a><a id="How-do-I-declare-create-a-structure"></a>How do I declare/create a structure?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-create-a-module?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-create-a-module?">#</a><a id="How116"></a><a id="How-do-I-create-a-module"></a>How do I create a module?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-create-a-class?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-create-a-class?">#</a><a id="How117"></a><a id="How-do-I-create-a-class"></a>How do I create a class?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-tell-if-a-variable-is-tainted?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-tell-if-a-variable-is-tainted?">#</a><a id="How118"></a><a id="How-can-I-tell-if-a-variable-is-tainted"></a>How can I tell if a variable is tainted?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-a-closure?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-a-closure?">#</a><a id="What23"></a><a id="Whats-a-closure"></a>What's a closure?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-is-variable-suicide-and-how-can-I-prevent-it?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-variable-suicide-and-how-can-I-prevent-it?">#</a><a id="What24"></a><a id="What-is-variable-suicide-and-how-can-I-prevent-it"></a>What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-pass/return-a-{Function,-FileHandle,-Array,-Hash,-Method,-Regexp}?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-pass/return-a-%7BFunction,-FileHandle,-Array,-Hash,-Method,-Regexp%7D?">#</a><a id="How119"></a><a id="How-can-I-pass-return-a-Function-FileHandle-Array-Hash-Method-Regexp"></a>How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regexp}?</dt> <dd> <p>Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps, Passing Methods</p> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-create-a-static-variable?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-create-a-static-variable?">#</a><a id="How120"></a><a id="How-do-I-create-a-static-variable"></a>How do I create a static variable?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-the-difference-between-dynamic-and-lexical-(static)-scoping?-Between-local()-and-my()?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-the-difference-between-dynamic-and-lexical-(static)-scoping?-Between-local()-and-my()?">#</a><a id="What25"></a><a id="Whats-the-difference-between-dynamic-and-lexical-static-scoping-Between-local-and-my"></a>What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-access-a-dynamic-variable-while-a-similarly-named-lexical-is-in-scope?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-access-a-dynamic-variable-while-a-similarly-named-lexical-is-in-scope?">#</a><a id="How121"></a><a id="How-can-I-access-a-dynamic-variable-while-a-similarly-named-lexical-is-in-scope"></a>How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-the-difference-between-deep-and-shallow-binding?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-the-difference-between-deep-and-shallow-binding?">#</a><a id="What26"></a><a id="Whats-the-difference-between-deep-and-shallow-binding"></a>What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-doesn't-"my($foo)-=-<FILE>;"-work-right?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-doesn't-%22my($foo)-=-%3CFILE%3E;%22-work-right?">#</a><a id="Why15"></a><a id="Why-doesnt-my-foo-FILE-work-right"></a>Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-redefine-a-builtin-function,-operator,-or-method?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-redefine-a-builtin-function,-operator,-or-method?">#</a><a id="How122"></a><a id="How-do-I-redefine-a-builtin-function-operator-or-method"></a>How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-the-difference-between-calling-a-function-as-&foo-and-foo()?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-the-difference-between-calling-a-function-as-&foo-and-foo()?">#</a><a id="What27"></a><a id="Whats-the-difference-between-calling-a-function-as-foo-and-foo"></a>What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-create-a-switch-or-case-statement?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-create-a-switch-or-case-statement?">#</a><a id="How123"></a><a id="How-do-I-create-a-switch-or-case-statement"></a>How do I create a switch or case statement?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-catch-accesses-to-undefined-variables/functions/methods?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-catch-accesses-to-undefined-variables/functions/methods?">#</a><a id="How124"></a><a id="How-can-I-catch-accesses-to-undefined-variables-functions-methods"></a>How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-can't-a-method-included-in-this-same-file-be-found?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-can't-a-method-included-in-this-same-file-be-found?">#</a><a id="Why16"></a><a id="Why-cant-a-method-included-in-this-same-file-be-found"></a>Why can't a method included in this same file be found?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-find-out-my-current-package?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-find-out-my-current-package?">#</a><a id="How125"></a><a id="How-can-I-find-out-my-current-package"></a>How can I find out my current package?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-comment-out-a-large-block-of-perl-code?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-comment-out-a-large-block-of-perl-code?">#</a><a id="How126"></a><a id="How-can-I-comment-out-a-large-block-of-perl-code"></a>How can I comment out a large block of perl code?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT6"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT6">#</a><a id="AUTHOR86"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq8-System-Interaction-($Revision:-1.25-$,-$Date:-1998/07/05-15:07:20-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq8-System-Interaction-($Revision:-1.25-$,-$Date:-1998/07/05-15:07:20-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq8"></a><a id="perlfaq8---System-Interaction-Revision:-1.25-Date:-1998-07-05-15:07:20"></a>perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION10"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION10">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-do-I-find-out-which-operating-system-I'm-running-under?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-out-which-operating-system-I'm-running-under?">#</a><a id="How127"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-out-which-operating-system-Im-running-under"></a>How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-come-exec()-doesn't-return?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-come-exec()-doesn't-return?">#</a><a id="How128"></a><a id="How-come-exec-doesnt-return"></a>How come exec() doesn't return?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-do-fancy-stuff-with-the-keyboard/screen/mouse?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-do-fancy-stuff-with-the-keyboard/screen/mouse?">#</a><a id="How129"></a><a id="How-do-I-do-fancy-stuff-with-the-keyboard-screen-mouse"></a>How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?</dt> <dd> <p>Keyboard, Screen, Mouse</p> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-print-something-out-in-color?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-print-something-out-in-color?">#</a><a id="How130"></a><a id="How-do-I-print-something-out-in-color"></a>How do I print something out in color?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-read-just-one-key-without-waiting-for-a-return-key?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-read-just-one-key-without-waiting-for-a-return-key?">#</a><a id="How131"></a><a id="How-do-I-read-just-one-key-without-waiting-for-a-return-key"></a>How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-check-whether-input-is-ready-on-the-keyboard?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-check-whether-input-is-ready-on-the-keyboard?">#</a><a id="How132"></a><a id="How-do-I-check-whether-input-is-ready-on-the-keyboard"></a>How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-clear-the-screen?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-clear-the-screen?">#</a><a id="How133"></a><a id="How-do-I-clear-the-screen"></a>How do I clear the screen?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-get-the-screen-size?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-get-the-screen-size?">#</a><a id="How134"></a><a id="How-do-I-get-the-screen-size"></a>How do I get the screen size?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-ask-the-user-for-a-password?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-ask-the-user-for-a-password?">#</a><a id="How135"></a><a id="How-do-I-ask-the-user-for-a-password"></a>How do I ask the user for a password?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-read-and-write-the-serial-port?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-read-and-write-the-serial-port?">#</a><a id="How136"></a><a id="How-do-I-read-and-write-the-serial-port"></a>How do I read and write the serial port?</dt> <dd> <p>lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input</p> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-decode-encrypted-password-files?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-decode-encrypted-password-files?">#</a><a id="How137"></a><a id="How-do-I-decode-encrypted-password-files"></a>How do I decode encrypted password files?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-start-a-process-in-the-background?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-start-a-process-in-the-background?">#</a><a id="How138"></a><a id="How-do-I-start-a-process-in-the-background"></a>How do I start a process in the background?</dt> <dd> <p>STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies</p> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-trap-control-characters/signals?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-trap-control-characters/signals?">#</a><a id="How139"></a><a id="How-do-I-trap-control-characters-signals"></a>How do I trap control characters/signals?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-modify-the-shadow-password-file-on-a-Unix-system?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-modify-the-shadow-password-file-on-a-Unix-system?">#</a><a id="How140"></a><a id="How-do-I-modify-the-shadow-password-file-on-a-Unix-system"></a>How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-set-the-time-and-date?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-set-the-time-and-date?">#</a><a id="How141"></a><a id="How-do-I-set-the-time-and-date"></a>How do I set the time and date?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-sleep()-or-alarm()-for-under-a-second?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-sleep()-or-alarm()-for-under-a-second?">#</a><a id="How142"></a><a id="How-can-I-sleep-or-alarm-for-under-a-second"></a>How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-measure-time-under-a-second?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-measure-time-under-a-second?">#</a><a id="How143"></a><a id="How-can-I-measure-time-under-a-second"></a>How can I measure time under a second?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-do-an-atexit()-or-setjmp()/longjmp()?-(Exception-handling)"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-do-an-atexit()-or-setjmp()/longjmp()?-(Exception-handling)">#</a><a id="How144"></a><a id="How-can-I-do-an-atexit-or-setjmp-longjmp-Exception-handling"></a>How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-doesn't-my-sockets-program-work-under-System-V-(Solaris)?-What-does-the-error-message-"Protocol-not-supported"-mean?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-doesn't-my-sockets-program-work-under-System-V-(Solaris)?-What-does-the-error-message-%22Protocol-not-supported%22-mean?">#</a><a id="Why17"></a><a id="Why-doesnt-my-sockets-program-work-under-System-V-Solaris-What-does-the-error-message-Protocol-not-supported-mean"></a>Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-call-my-system's-unique-C-functions-from-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-call-my-system's-unique-C-functions-from-Perl?">#</a><a id="How145"></a><a id="How-can-I-call-my-systems-unique-C-functions-from-Perl"></a>How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Where-do-I-get-the-include-files-to-do-ioctl()-or-syscall()?"><a class="permalink" href="#Where-do-I-get-the-include-files-to-do-ioctl()-or-syscall()?">#</a><a id="Where11"></a><a id="Where-do-I-get-the-include-files-to-do-ioctl-or-syscall"></a>Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-do-setuid-perl-scripts-complain-about-kernel-problems?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-do-setuid-perl-scripts-complain-about-kernel-problems?">#</a><a id="Why18"></a><a id="Why-do-setuid-perl-scripts-complain-about-kernel-problems"></a>Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-open-a-pipe-both-to-and-from-a-command?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-open-a-pipe-both-to-and-from-a-command?">#</a><a id="How146"></a><a id="How-can-I-open-a-pipe-both-to-and-from-a-command"></a>How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-can't-I-get-the-output-of-a-command-with-system()?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-can't-I-get-the-output-of-a-command-with-system()?">#</a><a id="Why19"></a><a id="Why-cant-I-get-the-output-of-a-command-with-system"></a>Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-capture-STDERR-from-an-external-command?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-capture-STDERR-from-an-external-command?">#</a><a id="How147"></a><a id="How-can-I-capture-STDERR-from-an-external-command"></a>How can I capture STDERR from an external command?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-doesn't-open()-return-an-error-when-a-pipe-open-fails?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-doesn't-open()-return-an-error-when-a-pipe-open-fails?">#</a><a id="Why20"></a><a id="Why-doesnt-open-return-an-error-when-a-pipe-open-fails"></a>Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-wrong-with-using-backticks-in-a-void-context?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-wrong-with-using-backticks-in-a-void-context?">#</a><a id="What28"></a><a id="Whats-wrong-with-using-backticks-in-a-void-context"></a>What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-call-backticks-without-shell-processing?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-call-backticks-without-shell-processing?">#</a><a id="How148"></a><a id="How-can-I-call-backticks-without-shell-processing"></a>How can I call backticks without shell processing?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Why-can't-my-script-read-from-STDIN-after-I-gave-it-EOF-(^D-on-Unix,-^Z-on-MS-DOS)?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-can't-my-script-read-from-STDIN-after-I-gave-it-EOF-(%5ED-on-Unix,-%5EZ-on-MS-DOS)?">#</a><a id="Why21"></a><a id="Why-cant-my-script-read-from-STDIN-after-I-gave-it-EOF-D-on-Unix-Z-on-MS-DOS"></a>Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-convert-my-shell-script-to-perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-convert-my-shell-script-to-perl?">#</a><a id="How149"></a><a id="How-can-I-convert-my-shell-script-to-perl"></a>How can I convert my shell script to perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Can-I-use-perl-to-run-a-telnet-or-ftp-session?"><a class="permalink" href="#Can-I-use-perl-to-run-a-telnet-or-ftp-session?">#</a><a id="Can4"></a><a id="Can-I-use-perl-to-run-a-telnet-or-ftp-session"></a>Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-write-expect-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-write-expect-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="How150"></a><a id="How-can-I-write-expect-in-Perl"></a>How can I write expect in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Is-there-a-way-to-hide-perl's-command-line-from-programs-such-as-"ps"?"><a class="permalink" href="#Is-there-a-way-to-hide-perl's-command-line-from-programs-such-as-%22ps%22?">#</a><a id="Is8"></a><a id="Is-there-a-way-to-hide-perls-command-line-from-programs-such-as-ps"></a>Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I-{changed-directory,-modified-my-environment}-in-a-perl-script.-How-come-the-change-disappeared-when-I-exited-the-script?-How-do-I-get-my-changes-to-be-visible?"><a class="permalink" href="#I-%7Bchanged-directory,-modified-my-environment%7D-in-a-perl-script.-How-come-the-change-disappeared-when-I-exited-the-script?-How-do-I-get-my-changes-to-be-visible?">#</a><a id="I7"></a><a id="I-changed-directory-modified-my-environment-in-a-perl-script.-How-come-the-change-disappeared-when-I-exited-the-script-How-do-I-get-my-changes-to-be-visible"></a>I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?</dt> <dd> <p>Unix</p> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-close-a-process's-filehandle-without-waiting-for-it-to-complete?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-close-a-process's-filehandle-without-waiting-for-it-to-complete?">#</a><a id="How151"></a><a id="How-do-I-close-a-processs-filehandle-without-waiting-for-it-to-complete"></a>How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-fork-a-daemon-process?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-fork-a-daemon-process?">#</a><a id="How152"></a><a id="How-do-I-fork-a-daemon-process"></a>How do I fork a daemon process?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-make-my-program-run-with-sh-and-csh?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-make-my-program-run-with-sh-and-csh?">#</a><a id="How153"></a><a id="How-do-I-make-my-program-run-with-sh-and-csh"></a>How do I make my program run with sh and csh?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-find-out-if-I'm-running-interactively-or-not?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-out-if-I'm-running-interactively-or-not?">#</a><a id="How154"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-out-if-Im-running-interactively-or-not"></a>How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-timeout-a-slow-event?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-timeout-a-slow-event?">#</a><a id="How155"></a><a id="How-do-I-timeout-a-slow-event"></a>How do I timeout a slow event?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-set-CPU-limits?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-set-CPU-limits?">#</a><a id="How156"></a><a id="How-do-I-set-CPU-limits"></a>How do I set CPU limits?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-avoid-zombies-on-a-Unix-system?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-avoid-zombies-on-a-Unix-system?">#</a><a id="How157"></a><a id="How-do-I-avoid-zombies-on-a-Unix-system"></a>How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-use-an-SQL-database?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-use-an-SQL-database?">#</a><a id="How158"></a><a id="How-do-I-use-an-SQL-database"></a>How do I use an SQL database?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-make-a-system()-exit-on-control-C?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-make-a-system()-exit-on-control-C?">#</a><a id="How159"></a><a id="How-do-I-make-a-system-exit-on-control-C"></a>How do I make a system() exit on control-C?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-open-a-file-without-blocking?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-open-a-file-without-blocking?">#</a><a id="How160"></a><a id="How-do-I-open-a-file-without-blocking"></a>How do I open a file without blocking?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-install-a-CPAN-module?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-install-a-CPAN-module?">#</a><a id="How161"></a><a id="How-do-I-install-a-CPAN-module"></a>How do I install a CPAN module?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-the-difference-between-require-and-use?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-the-difference-between-require-and-use?">#</a><a id="What29"></a><a id="Whats-the-difference-between-require-and-use"></a>What's the difference between require and use?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-keep-my-own-module/library-directory?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-keep-my-own-module/library-directory?">#</a><a id="How162"></a><a id="How-do-I-keep-my-own-module-library-directory"></a>How do I keep my own module/library directory?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-add-the-directory-my-program-lives-in-to-the-module/library-search-path?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-add-the-directory-my-program-lives-in-to-the-module/library-search-path?">#</a><a id="How163"></a><a id="How-do-I-add-the-directory-my-program-lives-in-to-the-module-library-search-path"></a>How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-add-a-directory-to-my-include-path-at-runtime?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-add-a-directory-to-my-include-path-at-runtime?">#</a><a id="How164"></a><a id="How-do-I-add-a-directory-to-my-include-path-at-runtime"></a>How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT7"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT7">#</a><a id="AUTHOR87"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfaq9-Networking-($Revision:-1.20-$,-$Date:-1998/06/22-18:31:09-$)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfaq9-Networking-($Revision:-1.20-$,-$Date:-1998/06/22-18:31:09-$)">#</a><a id="perlfaq9"></a><a id="perlfaq9---Networking-Revision:-1.20-Date:-1998-06-22-18:31:09"></a>perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1998/06/22 18:31:09 $)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION11"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION11">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="My-CGI-script-runs-from-the-command-line-but-not-the-browser.-(500-Server-Error)"><a class="permalink" href="#My-CGI-script-runs-from-the-command-line-but-not-the-browser.-(500-Server-Error)">#</a><a id="My"></a><a id="My-CGI-script-runs-from-the-command-line-but-not-the-browser.-500-Server-Error"></a>My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-get-better-error-messages-from-a-CGI-program?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-get-better-error-messages-from-a-CGI-program?">#</a><a id="How165"></a><a id="How-can-I-get-better-error-messages-from-a-CGI-program"></a>How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-remove-HTML-from-a-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-remove-HTML-from-a-string?">#</a><a id="How166"></a><a id="How-do-I-remove-HTML-from-a-string"></a>How do I remove HTML from a string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-extract-URLs?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-extract-URLs?">#</a><a id="How167"></a><a id="How-do-I-extract-URLs"></a>How do I extract URLs?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-download-a-file-from-the-user's-machine?-How-do-I-open-a-file-on-another-machine?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-download-a-file-from-the-user's-machine?-How-do-I-open-a-file-on-another-machine?">#</a><a id="How168"></a><a id="How-do-I-download-a-file-from-the-users-machine-How-do-I-open-a-file-on-another-machine"></a>How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-make-a-pop-up-menu-in-HTML?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-make-a-pop-up-menu-in-HTML?">#</a><a id="How169"></a><a id="How-do-I-make-a-pop-up-menu-in-HTML"></a>How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-fetch-an-HTML-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-fetch-an-HTML-file?">#</a><a id="How170"></a><a id="How-do-I-fetch-an-HTML-file"></a>How do I fetch an HTML file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-automate-an-HTML-form-submission?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-automate-an-HTML-form-submission?">#</a><a id="How171"></a><a id="How-do-I-automate-an-HTML-form-submission"></a>How do I automate an HTML form submission?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-decode-or-create-those-%-encodings-on-the-web?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-decode-or-create-those-%25-encodings-on-the-web?">#</a><a id="How172"></a><a id="How-do-I-decode-or-create-those--encodings-on-the-web"></a>How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-redirect-to-another-page?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-redirect-to-another-page?">#</a><a id="How173"></a><a id="How-do-I-redirect-to-another-page"></a>How do I redirect to another page?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-put-a-password-on-my-web-pages?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-put-a-password-on-my-web-pages?">#</a><a id="How174"></a><a id="How-do-I-put-a-password-on-my-web-pages"></a>How do I put a password on my web pages?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-edit-my-.htpasswd-and-.htgroup-files-with-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-edit-my-.htpasswd-and-.htgroup-files-with-Perl?">#</a><a id="How175"></a><a id="How-do-I-edit-my-.htpasswd-and-.htgroup-files-with-Perl"></a>How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-make-sure-users-can't-enter-values-into-a-form-that-cause-my-CGI-script-to-do-bad-things?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-make-sure-users-can't-enter-values-into-a-form-that-cause-my-CGI-script-to-do-bad-things?">#</a><a id="How176"></a><a id="How-do-I-make-sure-users-cant-enter-values-into-a-form-that-cause-my-CGI-script-to-do-bad-things"></a>How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-parse-a-mail-header?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-parse-a-mail-header?">#</a><a id="How177"></a><a id="How-do-I-parse-a-mail-header"></a>How do I parse a mail header?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-decode-a-CGI-form?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-decode-a-CGI-form?">#</a><a id="How178"></a><a id="How-do-I-decode-a-CGI-form"></a>How do I decode a CGI form?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-check-a-valid-mail-address?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-check-a-valid-mail-address?">#</a><a id="How179"></a><a id="How-do-I-check-a-valid-mail-address"></a>How do I check a valid mail address?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-decode-a-MIME/BASE64-string?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-decode-a-MIME/BASE64-string?">#</a><a id="How180"></a><a id="How-do-I-decode-a-MIME-BASE64-string"></a>How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-return-the-user's-mail-address?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-return-the-user's-mail-address?">#</a><a id="How181"></a><a id="How-do-I-return-the-users-mail-address"></a>How do I return the user's mail address?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-send-mail?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-send-mail?">#</a><a id="How182"></a><a id="How-do-I-send-mail"></a>How do I send mail?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-read-mail?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-read-mail?">#</a><a id="How183"></a><a id="How-do-I-read-mail"></a>How do I read mail?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-find-out-my-hostname/domainname/IP-address?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-find-out-my-hostname/domainname/IP-address?">#</a><a id="How184"></a><a id="How-do-I-find-out-my-hostname-domainname-IP-address"></a>How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-fetch-a-news-article-or-the-active-newsgroups?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-fetch-a-news-article-or-the-active-newsgroups?">#</a><a id="How185"></a><a id="How-do-I-fetch-a-news-article-or-the-active-newsgroups"></a>How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-fetch/put-an-FTP-file?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-fetch/put-an-FTP-file?">#</a><a id="How186"></a><a id="How-do-I-fetch-put-an-FTP-file"></a>How do I fetch/put an FTP file?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-can-I-do-RPC-in-Perl?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-can-I-do-RPC-in-Perl?">#</a><a id="How187"></a><a id="How-can-I-do-RPC-in-Perl"></a>How can I do RPC in Perl?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT8"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT8">#</a><a id="AUTHOR88"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perldelta-what's-new-for-perl5.005"><a class="permalink" href="#perldelta-what's-new-for-perl5.005">#</a><a id="perldelta"></a><a id="perldelta---whats-new-for-perl5.005"></a>perldelta - what's new for perl5.005</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION12"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION12">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="About-the-new-versioning-system"><a class="permalink" href="#About-the-new-versioning-system">#</a><a id="About"></a>About the new versioning system</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Incompatible-Changes"><a class="permalink" href="#Incompatible-Changes">#</a><a id="Incompatible"></a>Incompatible Changes</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="WARNING:-This-version-is-not-binary-compatible-with-Perl-5.004."><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING:-This-version-is-not-binary-compatible-with-Perl-5.004.">#</a><a id="WARNING11"></a><a id="WARNING:-This-version-is-not-binary-compatible-with-Perl-5.004"></a>WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Default-installation-structure-has-changed"><a class="permalink" href="#Default-installation-structure-has-changed">#</a><a id="Default"></a>Default installation structure has changed</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-Source-Compatibility"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Source-Compatibility">#</a><a id="Perl3"></a>Perl Source Compatibility</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="C-Source-Compatibility"><a class="permalink" href="#C-Source-Compatibility">#</a><a id="C"></a>C Source Compatibility</dt> <dd> <p>Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source compatibility issues</p> </dd> <dt id="Binary-Compatibility"><a class="permalink" href="#Binary-Compatibility">#</a><a id="Binary"></a>Binary Compatibility</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Security-fixes-may-affect-compatibility"><a class="permalink" href="#Security-fixes-may-affect-compatibility">#</a><a id="Security1"></a>Security fixes may affect compatibility</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Relaxed-new-mandatory-warnings-introduced-in-5.004"><a class="permalink" href="#Relaxed-new-mandatory-warnings-introduced-in-5.004">#</a><a id="Relaxed"></a>Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Licensing"><a class="permalink" href="#Licensing">#</a>Licensing</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Core-Changes"><a class="permalink" href="#Core-Changes">#</a><a id="Core"></a>Core Changes</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Threads"><a class="permalink" href="#Threads">#</a>Threads</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compiler"><a class="permalink" href="#Compiler">#</a>Compiler</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Regular-Expressions"><a class="permalink" href="#Regular-Expressions">#</a><a id="Regular"></a>Regular Expressions</dt> <dd> <p>Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes</p> </dd> <dt id="Improved-malloc()"><a class="permalink" href="#Improved-malloc()">#</a><a id="Improved"></a><a id="Improved-malloc"></a>Improved malloc()</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Quicksort-is-internally-implemented"><a class="permalink" href="#Quicksort-is-internally-implemented">#</a><a id="Quicksort"></a>Quicksort is internally implemented</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Reliable-signals"><a class="permalink" href="#Reliable-signals">#</a><a id="Reliable"></a>Reliable signals</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Reliable-stack-pointers"><a class="permalink" href="#Reliable-stack-pointers">#</a><a id="Reliable1"></a>Reliable stack pointers</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="More-generous-treatment-of-carriage-returns"><a class="permalink" href="#More-generous-treatment-of-carriage-returns">#</a><a id="More"></a>More generous treatment of carriage returns</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Memory-leaks"><a class="permalink" href="#Memory-leaks">#</a><a id="Memory"></a>Memory leaks</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Better-support-for-multiple-interpreters"><a class="permalink" href="#Better-support-for-multiple-interpreters">#</a><a id="Better"></a>Better support for multiple interpreters</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Behavior-of-local()-on-array-and-hash-elements-is-now-well-defined"><a class="permalink" href="#Behavior-of-local()-on-array-and-hash-elements-is-now-well-defined">#</a><a id="Behavior"></a><a id="Behavior-of-local-on-array-and-hash-elements-is-now-well-defined"></a>Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="%!-is-transparently-tied-to-the-Errno-module"><a class="permalink" href="#%25!-is-transparently-tied-to-the-Errno-module">#</a><a id="is-transparently-tied-to-the-Errno-module"></a><code>%!</code> is transparently tied to the <a href="/5.005_02/Errno">Errno</a> module</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Pseudo-hashes-are-supported"><a class="permalink" href="#Pseudo-hashes-are-supported">#</a><a id="Pseudo"></a>Pseudo-hashes are supported</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXPR-foreach-EXPR-is-supported"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPR-foreach-EXPR-is-supported">#</a><a id="EXPR"></a><code>EXPR foreach EXPR</code> is supported</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Keywords-can-be-globally-overridden"><a class="permalink" href="#Keywords-can-be-globally-overridden">#</a><a id="Keywords"></a>Keywords can be globally overridden</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="$^E-is-meaningful-on-Win32"><a class="permalink" href="#$%5EE-is-meaningful-on-Win32">#</a><a id="E-is-meaningful-on-Win32"></a><code>$^E</code> is meaningful on Win32</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="foreach-(1..1000000)-optimized"><a class="permalink" href="#foreach-(1..1000000)-optimized">#</a><a id="foreach"></a><a id="foreach-1..1000000-optimized"></a><code>foreach (1..1000000)</code> optimized</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Foo::-can-be-used-as-implicitly-quoted-package-name"><a class="permalink" href="#Foo::-can-be-used-as-implicitly-quoted-package-name">#</a><a id="Foo"></a><code>Foo::</code> can be used as implicitly quoted package name</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="exists-$Foo::{Bar::}-tests-existence-of-a-package"><a class="permalink" href="#exists-$Foo::%7BBar::%7D-tests-existence-of-a-package">#</a><a id="exists"></a><a id="exists-Foo::-Bar::-tests-existence-of-a-package"></a><code>exists $Foo::{Bar::}</code> tests existence of a package</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Better-locale-support"><a class="permalink" href="#Better-locale-support">#</a><a id="Better1"></a>Better locale support</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Experimental-support-for-64-bit-platforms"><a class="permalink" href="#Experimental-support-for-64-bit-platforms">#</a><a id="Experimental"></a>Experimental support for 64-bit platforms</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="prototype()-returns-useful-results-on-builtins"><a class="permalink" href="#prototype()-returns-useful-results-on-builtins">#</a><a id="prototype"></a><a id="prototype-returns-useful-results-on-builtins"></a>prototype() returns useful results on builtins</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Extended-support-for-exception-handling"><a class="permalink" href="#Extended-support-for-exception-handling">#</a><a id="Extended"></a>Extended support for exception handling</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Re-blessing-in-DESTROY()-supported-for-chaining-DESTROY()-methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Re-blessing-in-DESTROY()-supported-for-chaining-DESTROY()-methods">#</a><a id="Re"></a><a id="Re-blessing-in-DESTROY-supported-for-chaining-DESTROY-methods"></a>Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="All-printf-format-conversions-are-handled-internally"><a class="permalink" href="#All-printf-format-conversions-are-handled-internally">#</a><a id="All"></a>All <code>printf</code> format conversions are handled internally</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="New-INIT-keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#New-INIT-keyword">#</a><a id="New"></a>New <code>INIT</code> keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="New-lock-keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#New-lock-keyword">#</a><a id="New1"></a>New <code>lock</code> keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="New-qr//-operator"><a class="permalink" href="#New-qr//-operator">#</a><a id="New2"></a><a id="New-qr-operator"></a>New <code>qr//</code> operator</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="our-is-now-a-reserved-word"><a class="permalink" href="#our-is-now-a-reserved-word">#</a><a id="our"></a><code>our</code> is now a reserved word</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Tied-arrays-are-now-fully-supported"><a class="permalink" href="#Tied-arrays-are-now-fully-supported">#</a><a id="Tied"></a>Tied arrays are now fully supported</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Tied-handles-support-is-better"><a class="permalink" href="#Tied-handles-support-is-better">#</a><a id="Tied1"></a>Tied handles support is better</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="4th-argument-to-substr"><a class="permalink" href="#4th-argument-to-substr">#</a><a id="4th"></a><a id="th-argument-to-substr"></a>4th argument to substr</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Negative-LENGTH-argument-to-splice"><a class="permalink" href="#Negative-LENGTH-argument-to-splice">#</a><a id="Negative"></a>Negative LENGTH argument to splice</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Magic-lvalues-are-now-more-magical"><a class="permalink" href="#Magic-lvalues-are-now-more-magical">#</a><a id="Magic"></a>Magic lvalues are now more magical</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="<>-now-reads-in-records"><a class="permalink" href="#%3C%3E-now-reads-in-records">#</a><a id="now-reads-in-records"></a><> now reads in records</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Supported-Platforms"><a class="permalink" href="#Supported-Platforms">#</a><a id="Supported"></a>Supported Platforms</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="New-Platforms"><a class="permalink" href="#New-Platforms">#</a><a id="New3"></a>New Platforms</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Changes-in-existing-support"><a class="permalink" href="#Changes-in-existing-support">#</a><a id="Changes1"></a>Changes in existing support</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Modules-and-Pragmata"><a class="permalink" href="#Modules-and-Pragmata">#</a><a id="Modules"></a>Modules and Pragmata</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="New-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#New-Modules">#</a><a id="New4"></a>New Modules</dt> <dd> <p>B, Data::Dumper, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re</p> </dd> <dt id="Changes-in-existing-modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Changes-in-existing-modules">#</a><a id="Changes2"></a>Changes in existing modules</dt> <dd> <p>CGI, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Utility-Changes"><a class="permalink" href="#Utility-Changes">#</a><a id="Utility"></a>Utility Changes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Documentation-Changes"><a class="permalink" href="#Documentation-Changes">#</a><a id="Documentation"></a>Documentation Changes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="New-Diagnostics"><a class="permalink" href="#New-Diagnostics">#</a><a id="New5"></a>New Diagnostics</dt> <dd> <p>Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed</p> </dd> <dt id="Obsolete-Diagnostics"><a class="permalink" href="#Obsolete-Diagnostics">#</a><a id="Obsolete"></a>Obsolete Diagnostics</dt> <dd> <p>Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for <b>-e</b>: %s, Cannot open temporary file</p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS1"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS1">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO1"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO1">#</a><a id="SEE1"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perldata-Perl-data-types"><a class="permalink" href="#perldata-Perl-data-types">#</a><a id="perldata"></a><a id="perldata---Perl-data-types"></a>perldata - Perl data types</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION13"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION13">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Variable-names"><a class="permalink" href="#Variable-names">#</a><a id="Variable"></a>Variable names</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Context"><a class="permalink" href="#Context">#</a>Context</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Scalar-values"><a class="permalink" href="#Scalar-values">#</a><a id="Scalar"></a>Scalar values</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Scalar-value-constructors"><a class="permalink" href="#Scalar-value-constructors">#</a><a id="Scalar1"></a>Scalar value constructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="List-value-constructors"><a class="permalink" href="#List-value-constructors">#</a><a id="List"></a>List value constructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Typeglobs-and-Filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="#Typeglobs-and-Filehandles">#</a><a id="Typeglobs"></a>Typeglobs and Filehandles</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlsyn-Perl-syntax"><a class="permalink" href="#perlsyn-Perl-syntax">#</a><a id="perlsyn"></a><a id="perlsyn---Perl-syntax"></a>perlsyn - Perl syntax</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION14"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION14">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declarations"><a class="permalink" href="#Declarations">#</a>Declarations</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Simple-statements"><a class="permalink" href="#Simple-statements">#</a><a id="Simple"></a>Simple statements</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compound-statements"><a class="permalink" href="#Compound-statements">#</a><a id="Compound"></a>Compound statements</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Loop-Control"><a class="permalink" href="#Loop-Control">#</a><a id="Loop"></a>Loop Control</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="For-Loops"><a class="permalink" href="#For-Loops">#</a><a id="For"></a>For Loops</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Foreach-Loops"><a class="permalink" href="#Foreach-Loops">#</a><a id="Foreach"></a>Foreach Loops</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Basic-BLOCKs-and-Switch-Statements"><a class="permalink" href="#Basic-BLOCKs-and-Switch-Statements">#</a><a id="Basic"></a>Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Goto"><a class="permalink" href="#Goto">#</a>Goto</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="PODs:-Embedded-Documentation"><a class="permalink" href="#PODs:-Embedded-Documentation">#</a><a id="PODs"></a>PODs: Embedded Documentation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Plain-Old-Comments-(Not!)"><a class="permalink" href="#Plain-Old-Comments-(Not!)">#</a><a id="Plain"></a><a id="Plain-Old-Comments-Not"></a>Plain Old Comments (Not!)</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlop-Perl-operators-and-precedence"><a class="permalink" href="#perlop-Perl-operators-and-precedence">#</a><a id="perlop"></a><a id="perlop---Perl-operators-and-precedence"></a>perlop - Perl operators and precedence</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS1"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS1">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION15"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION15">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Terms-and-List-Operators-(Leftward)"><a class="permalink" href="#Terms-and-List-Operators-(Leftward)">#</a><a id="Terms"></a><a id="Terms-and-List-Operators-Leftward"></a>Terms and List Operators (Leftward)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Arrow-Operator"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Arrow-Operator">#</a><a id="The"></a>The Arrow Operator</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Auto-increment-and-Auto-decrement"><a class="permalink" href="#Auto-increment-and-Auto-decrement">#</a><a id="Auto"></a>Auto-increment and Auto-decrement</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Exponentiation"><a class="permalink" href="#Exponentiation">#</a>Exponentiation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Symbolic-Unary-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Symbolic-Unary-Operators">#</a><a id="Symbolic"></a>Symbolic Unary Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Binding-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Binding-Operators">#</a><a id="Binding"></a>Binding Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Multiplicative-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Multiplicative-Operators">#</a><a id="Multiplicative"></a>Multiplicative Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Additive-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Additive-Operators">#</a><a id="Additive"></a>Additive Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Shift-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Shift-Operators">#</a><a id="Shift"></a>Shift Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Named-Unary-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Named-Unary-Operators">#</a><a id="Named"></a>Named Unary Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Relational-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Relational-Operators">#</a><a id="Relational"></a>Relational Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Equality-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Equality-Operators">#</a><a id="Equality"></a>Equality Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bitwise-And"><a class="permalink" href="#Bitwise-And">#</a><a id="Bitwise"></a>Bitwise And</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bitwise-Or-and-Exclusive-Or"><a class="permalink" href="#Bitwise-Or-and-Exclusive-Or">#</a><a id="Bitwise1"></a>Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="C-style-Logical-And"><a class="permalink" href="#C-style-Logical-And">#</a><a id="C1"></a>C-style Logical And</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="C-style-Logical-Or"><a class="permalink" href="#C-style-Logical-Or">#</a><a id="C2"></a>C-style Logical Or</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Range-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Range-Operators">#</a><a id="Range"></a>Range Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Conditional-Operator"><a class="permalink" href="#Conditional-Operator">#</a><a id="Conditional"></a>Conditional Operator</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Assignment-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Assignment-Operators">#</a><a id="Assignment"></a>Assignment Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Comma-Operator"><a class="permalink" href="#Comma-Operator">#</a><a id="Comma"></a>Comma Operator</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="List-Operators-(Rightward)"><a class="permalink" href="#List-Operators-(Rightward)">#</a><a id="List1"></a><a id="List-Operators-Rightward"></a>List Operators (Rightward)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Logical-Not"><a class="permalink" href="#Logical-Not">#</a><a id="Logical"></a>Logical Not</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Logical-And"><a class="permalink" href="#Logical-And">#</a><a id="Logical1"></a>Logical And</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Logical-or-and-Exclusive-Or"><a class="permalink" href="#Logical-or-and-Exclusive-Or">#</a><a id="Logical2"></a>Logical or and Exclusive Or</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="C-Operators-Missing-From-Perl"><a class="permalink" href="#C-Operators-Missing-From-Perl">#</a><a id="C3"></a>C Operators Missing From Perl</dt> <dd> <p>unary &, unary *, (TYPE)</p> </dd> <dt id="Quote-and-Quote-like-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Quote-and-Quote-like-Operators">#</a><a id="Quote"></a>Quote and Quote-like Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Regexp-Quote-Like-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Regexp-Quote-Like-Operators">#</a><a id="Regexp"></a>Regexp Quote-Like Operators</dt> <dd> <p>?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, <code>'STRING'</code>, qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds</p> </dd> <dt id="Gory-details-of-parsing-quoted-constructs"><a class="permalink" href="#Gory-details-of-parsing-quoted-constructs">#</a><a id="Gory"></a>Gory details of parsing quoted constructs</dt> <dd> <p>Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, <code><<'EOF'</code>, <code>m''</code>, <code>s'''</code>, <code>tr///</code>, <code>y///</code>, <code>''</code>, <code>q//</code>, <code>""</code>, <code>``</code>, <code>qq//</code>, <code>qx//</code>, <code><file*glob></code>, <code>?RE?</code>, <code>/RE/</code>, <code>m/RE/</code>, <code>s/RE/foo/</code>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions</p> </dd> <dt id="I/O-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#I/O-Operators">#</a><a id="I8"></a><a id="I-O-Operators"></a>I/O Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Constant-Folding"><a class="permalink" href="#Constant-Folding">#</a><a id="Constant"></a>Constant Folding</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bitwise-String-Operators"><a class="permalink" href="#Bitwise-String-Operators">#</a><a id="Bitwise2"></a>Bitwise String Operators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Integer-Arithmetic"><a class="permalink" href="#Integer-Arithmetic">#</a><a id="Integer"></a>Integer Arithmetic</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Floating-point-Arithmetic"><a class="permalink" href="#Floating-point-Arithmetic">#</a><a id="Floating"></a>Floating-point Arithmetic</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bigger-Numbers"><a class="permalink" href="#Bigger-Numbers">#</a><a id="Bigger"></a>Bigger Numbers</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlre-Perl-regular-expressions"><a class="permalink" href="#perlre-Perl-regular-expressions">#</a><a id="perlre"></a><a id="perlre---Perl-regular-expressions"></a>perlre - Perl regular expressions</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION16"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION16">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>i, m, s, x</p> <dl> <dt id="Regular-Expressions1"><a class="permalink" href="#Regular-Expressions1">#</a><a id="Regular1"></a>Regular Expressions</dt> <dd> <p><code>(?#text)</code>, <code>(?:pattern)</code>, <code>(?imsx-imsx:pattern)</code>, <code>(?=pattern)</code>, <code>(?!pattern)</code>, <code>(?<=pattern)</code>, <code>(?<!pattern)</code>, <code>(?{ code })</code>, <code>(?>pattern)</code>, <code>(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)</code>, <code>(?(condition)yes-pattern)</code>, <code>(?imsx-imsx)</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Backtracking"><a class="permalink" href="#Backtracking">#</a>Backtracking</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Version-8-Regular-Expressions"><a class="permalink" href="#Version-8-Regular-Expressions">#</a><a id="Version"></a>Version 8 Regular Expressions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING-on-\1-vs-$1"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING-on-%5C1-vs-$1">#</a><a id="WARNING12"></a><a id="WARNING-on-1-vs-1"></a>WARNING on \1 vs $1</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Repeated-patterns-matching-zero-length-substring"><a class="permalink" href="#Repeated-patterns-matching-zero-length-substring">#</a><a id="Repeated"></a>Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Creating-custom-RE-engines"><a class="permalink" href="#Creating-custom-RE-engines">#</a><a id="Creating"></a>Creating custom RE engines</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO2"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO2">#</a><a id="SEE2"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlrun-how-to-execute-the-Perl-interpreter"><a class="permalink" href="#perlrun-how-to-execute-the-Perl-interpreter">#</a><a id="perlrun"></a><a id="perlrun---how-to-execute-the-Perl-interpreter"></a>perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS2"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS2">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION17"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION17">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="#!-and-quoting-on-non-Unix-systems"><a class="permalink" href="#%23!-and-quoting-on-non-Unix-systems">#</a><a id="and-quoting-on-non-Unix-systems"></a>#! and quoting on non-Unix systems</dt> <dd> <p>OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh</p> </dd> <dt id="Location-of-Perl"><a class="permalink" href="#Location-of-Perl">#</a><a id="Location"></a>Location of Perl</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Switches"><a class="permalink" href="#Switches">#</a>Switches</dt> <dd> <p><b>-0</b>[<i>digits</i>], <b>-a</b>, <b>-c</b>, <b>-d</b>, <b>-d:</b><i>foo</i>, <b>-D</b><i>letters</i>, <b>-D</b><i>number</i>, <b>-e</b> <i>commandline</i>, <b>-F</b><i>pattern</i>, <b>-h</b>, <b>-i</b>[<i>extension</i>], <b>-I</b><i>directory</i>, <b>-l</b>[<i>octnum</i>], <b>-m</b>[<b>-</b>]<i>module</i>, <b>-M</b>[<b>-</b>]<i>module</i>, <b>-M</b>[<b>-</b>]<i>'module ...'</i>, <b>-[mM]</b>[<b>-</b>]<i>module=arg[,arg]...</i>, <b>-n</b>, <b>-p</b>, <b>-P</b>, <b>-s</b>, <b>-S</b>, <b>-T</b>, <b>-u</b>, <b>-U</b>, <b>-v</b>, <b>-V</b>, <b>-V:</b><i>name</i>, <b>-w</b>, <b>-x</b> <i>directory</i></p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="ENVIRONMENT1"><a class="permalink" href="#ENVIRONMENT1">#</a>ENVIRONMENT</dt> <dd> <p>HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlfunc-Perl-builtin-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#perlfunc-Perl-builtin-functions">#</a><a id="perlfunc"></a><a id="perlfunc---Perl-builtin-functions"></a>perlfunc - Perl builtin functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION18"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION18">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Perl-Functions-by-Category"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Functions-by-Category">#</a><a id="Perl4"></a>Perl Functions by Category</dt> <dd> <p>Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5</p> </dd> <dt id="Alphabetical-Listing-of-Perl-Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Alphabetical-Listing-of-Perl-Functions">#</a><a id="Alphabetical"></a>Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions</dt> <dd> <p><i>-X</i> FILEHANDLE, <i>-X</i> EXPR, <i>-X</i>, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlvar-Perl-predefined-variables"><a class="permalink" href="#perlvar-Perl-predefined-variables">#</a><a id="perlvar"></a><a id="perlvar---Perl-predefined-variables"></a>perlvar - Perl predefined variables</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION19"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION19">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Predefined-Names"><a class="permalink" href="#Predefined-Names">#</a><a id="Predefined"></a>Predefined Names</dt> <dd> <p>$ARG, $_, $<<i>digits</i>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}</p> </dd> <dt id="Error-Indicators"><a class="permalink" href="#Error-Indicators">#</a><a id="Error"></a>Error Indicators</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlsub-Perl-subroutines"><a class="permalink" href="#perlsub-Perl-subroutines">#</a><a id="perlsub"></a><a id="perlsub---Perl-subroutines"></a>perlsub - Perl subroutines</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS3"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS3">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION20"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION20">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Private-Variables-via-my()"><a class="permalink" href="#Private-Variables-via-my()">#</a><a id="Private"></a><a id="Private-Variables-via-my"></a>Private Variables via <code>my()</code></dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Peristent-Private-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Peristent-Private-Variables">#</a><a id="Peristent"></a>Peristent Private Variables</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Temporary-Values-via-local()"><a class="permalink" href="#Temporary-Values-via-local()">#</a><a id="Temporary"></a><a id="Temporary-Values-via-local"></a>Temporary Values via local()</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Passing-Symbol-Table-Entries-(typeglobs)"><a class="permalink" href="#Passing-Symbol-Table-Entries-(typeglobs)">#</a><a id="Passing"></a><a id="Passing-Symbol-Table-Entries-typeglobs"></a>Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="When-to-Still-Use-local()"><a class="permalink" href="#When-to-Still-Use-local()">#</a><a id="When2"></a><a id="When-to-Still-Use-local"></a>When to Still Use local()</dt> <dd> <p>1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially <code>$_</code>, 2. You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash</p> </dd> <dt id="Pass-by-Reference"><a class="permalink" href="#Pass-by-Reference">#</a><a id="Pass"></a>Pass by Reference</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Prototypes"><a class="permalink" href="#Prototypes">#</a>Prototypes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Constant-Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Constant-Functions">#</a><a id="Constant1"></a>Constant Functions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Overriding-Builtin-Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Overriding-Builtin-Functions">#</a><a id="Overriding"></a>Overriding Builtin Functions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Autoloading"><a class="permalink" href="#Autoloading">#</a>Autoloading</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO3"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO3">#</a><a id="SEE3"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlmod-Perl-modules-(packages-and-symbol-tables)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlmod-Perl-modules-(packages-and-symbol-tables)">#</a><a id="perlmod"></a><a id="perlmod---Perl-modules-packages-and-symbol-tables"></a>perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION21"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION21">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Packages"><a class="permalink" href="#Packages">#</a>Packages</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Symbol-Tables"><a class="permalink" href="#Symbol-Tables">#</a><a id="Symbol"></a>Symbol Tables</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Package-Constructors-and-Destructors"><a class="permalink" href="#Package-Constructors-and-Destructors">#</a><a id="Package"></a>Package Constructors and Destructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-Classes"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Classes">#</a><a id="Perl5"></a>Perl Classes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Modules">#</a><a id="Perl6"></a>Perl Modules</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO4"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO4">#</a><a id="SEE4"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlmodlib-constructing-new-Perl-modules-and-finding-existing-ones"><a class="permalink" href="#perlmodlib-constructing-new-Perl-modules-and-finding-existing-ones">#</a><a id="perlmodlib"></a><a id="perlmodlib---constructing-new-Perl-modules-and-finding-existing-ones"></a>perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION22"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION22">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THE-PERL-MODULE-LIBRARY"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-PERL-MODULE-LIBRARY">#</a><a id="THE"></a>THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Pragmatic-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Pragmatic-Modules">#</a><a id="Pragmatic"></a>Pragmatic Modules</dt> <dd> <p>use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars</p> </dd> <dt id="Standard-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Standard-Modules">#</a><a id="Standard"></a>Standard Modules</dt> <dd> <p>AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent</p> </dd> <dt id="Extension-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Extension-Modules">#</a><a id="Extension"></a>Extension Modules</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CPAN"><a class="permalink" href="#CPAN">#</a>CPAN</dt> <dd> <p>Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South America</p> </dd> <dt id="Modules:-Creation,-Use,-and-Abuse"><a class="permalink" href="#Modules:-Creation,-Use,-and-Abuse">#</a><a id="Modules1"></a><a id="Modules:-Creation-Use-and-Abuse"></a>Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Guidelines-for-Module-Creation"><a class="permalink" href="#Guidelines-for-Module-Creation">#</a><a id="Guidelines"></a>Guidelines for Module Creation</dt> <dd> <p>Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take care when changing a released module</p> </dd> <dt id="Guidelines-for-Converting-Perl-4-Library-Scripts-into-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Guidelines-for-Converting-Perl-4-Library-Scripts-into-Modules">#</a><a id="Guidelines1"></a>Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules</dt> <dd> <p>There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes</p> </dd> <dt id="Guidelines-for-Reusing-Application-Code"><a class="permalink" href="#Guidelines-for-Reusing-Application-Code">#</a><a id="Guidelines2"></a>Guidelines for Reusing Application Code</dt> <dd> <p>Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="NOTE"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlmodinstall-Installing-CPAN-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#perlmodinstall-Installing-CPAN-Modules">#</a><a id="perlmodinstall"></a><a id="perlmodinstall---Installing-CPAN-Modules"></a>perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION23"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION23">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="PREAMBLE"><a class="permalink" href="#PREAMBLE">#</a>PREAMBLE</dt> <dd> <p><b>DECOMPRESS</b> the file, <b>UNPACK</b> the file into a directory, <b>BUILD</b> the module (sometimes unnecessary), <b>INSTALL</b> the module</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="HEY"><a class="permalink" href="#HEY">#</a>HEY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR1"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR1">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlform-Perl-formats"><a class="permalink" href="#perlform-Perl-formats">#</a><a id="perlform"></a><a id="perlform---Perl-formats"></a>perlform - Perl formats</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION24"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION24">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Format-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Format-Variables">#</a><a id="Format"></a>Format Variables</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="NOTES1"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES1">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Footers"><a class="permalink" href="#Footers">#</a>Footers</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Accessing-Formatting-Internals"><a class="permalink" href="#Accessing-Formatting-Internals">#</a><a id="Accessing"></a>Accessing Formatting Internals</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="WARNINGS"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNINGS">#</a>WARNINGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perllocale-Perl-locale-handling-(internationalization-and-localization)"><a class="permalink" href="#perllocale-Perl-locale-handling-(internationalization-and-localization)">#</a><a id="perllocale"></a><a id="perllocale---Perl-locale-handling-internationalization-and-localization"></a>perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION25"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION25">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="PREPARING-TO-USE-LOCALES"><a class="permalink" href="#PREPARING-TO-USE-LOCALES">#</a><a id="PREPARING"></a>PREPARING TO USE LOCALES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USING-LOCALES"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-LOCALES">#</a><a id="USING"></a>USING LOCALES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="The-use-locale-pragma"><a class="permalink" href="#The-use-locale-pragma">#</a><a id="The1"></a>The use locale pragma</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-setlocale-function"><a class="permalink" href="#The-setlocale-function">#</a><a id="The2"></a>The setlocale function</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Finding-locales"><a class="permalink" href="#Finding-locales">#</a><a id="Finding"></a>Finding locales</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="LOCALE-PROBLEMS"><a class="permalink" href="#LOCALE-PROBLEMS">#</a><a id="LOCALE1"></a>LOCALE PROBLEMS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Temporarily-fixing-locale-problems"><a class="permalink" href="#Temporarily-fixing-locale-problems">#</a><a id="Temporarily"></a>Temporarily fixing locale problems</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Permanently-fixing-locale-problems"><a class="permalink" href="#Permanently-fixing-locale-problems">#</a><a id="Permanently"></a>Permanently fixing locale problems</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Permanently-fixing-your-locale-configuration"><a class="permalink" href="#Permanently-fixing-your-locale-configuration">#</a><a id="Permanently1"></a>Permanently fixing your locale configuration</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Permanently-fixing-system-locale-configuration"><a class="permalink" href="#Permanently-fixing-system-locale-configuration">#</a><a id="Permanently2"></a>Permanently fixing system locale configuration</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-localeconv-function"><a class="permalink" href="#The-localeconv-function">#</a><a id="The3"></a>The localeconv function</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="LOCALE-CATEGORIES"><a class="permalink" href="#LOCALE-CATEGORIES">#</a><a id="LOCALE2"></a>LOCALE CATEGORIES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Category-LC_COLLATE:-Collation"><a class="permalink" href="#Category-LC_COLLATE:-Collation">#</a><a id="Category"></a>Category LC_COLLATE: Collation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Category-LC_CTYPE:-Character-Types"><a class="permalink" href="#Category-LC_CTYPE:-Character-Types">#</a><a id="Category1"></a>Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Category-LC_NUMERIC:-Numeric-Formatting"><a class="permalink" href="#Category-LC_NUMERIC:-Numeric-Formatting">#</a><a id="Category2"></a>Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Category-LC_MONETARY:-Formatting-of-monetary-amounts"><a class="permalink" href="#Category-LC_MONETARY:-Formatting-of-monetary-amounts">#</a><a id="Category3"></a>Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="LC_TIME"><a class="permalink" href="#LC_TIME">#</a>LC_TIME</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Other-categories"><a class="permalink" href="#Other-categories">#</a><a id="Other"></a>Other categories</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SECURITY"><a class="permalink" href="#SECURITY">#</a>SECURITY</dt> <dd> <p><b>Comparison operators</b> (<code>lt</code>, <code>le</code>, <code>ge</code>, <code>gt</code> and <code>cmp</code>):, <b>Case-mapping interpolation</b> (with <code>\l</code>, <code>\L</code>, <code>\u</code> or <code>\U</code>), <b>Matching operator</b> (<code>m//</code>):, <b>Substitution operator</b> (<code>s///</code>):, <b>In-memory formatting function</b> (sprintf()):, <b>Output formatting functions</b> (printf() and write()):, <b>Case-mapping functions</b> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, <b>POSIX locale-dependent functions</b> (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, <b>POSIX character class tests</b> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):</p> </dd> <dt id="ENVIRONMENT2"><a class="permalink" href="#ENVIRONMENT2">#</a>ENVIRONMENT</dt> <dd> <p>PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG</p> </dd> <dt id="NOTES2"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES2">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Backward-compatibility"><a class="permalink" href="#Backward-compatibility">#</a><a id="Backward"></a>Backward compatibility</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I18N:Collate-obsolete"><a class="permalink" href="#I18N:Collate-obsolete">#</a><a id="I18N"></a>I18N:Collate obsolete</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Sort-speed-and-memory-use-impacts"><a class="permalink" href="#Sort-speed-and-memory-use-impacts">#</a><a id="Sort"></a>Sort speed and memory use impacts</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="write()-and-LC_NUMERIC"><a class="permalink" href="#write()-and-LC_NUMERIC">#</a><a id="write"></a><a id="write-and-LC_NUMERIC"></a>write() and LC_NUMERIC</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Freely-available-locale-definitions"><a class="permalink" href="#Freely-available-locale-definitions">#</a><a id="Freely"></a>Freely available locale definitions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="I18n-and-l10n"><a class="permalink" href="#I18n-and-l10n">#</a><a id="I18n"></a>I18n and l10n</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="An-imperfect-standard"><a class="permalink" href="#An-imperfect-standard">#</a><a id="An"></a>An imperfect standard</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="BUGS2"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS2">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Broken-systems"><a class="permalink" href="#Broken-systems">#</a><a id="Broken"></a>Broken systems</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO5"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO5">#</a><a id="SEE5"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY1"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY1">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlref-Perl-references-and-nested-data-structures"><a class="permalink" href="#perlref-Perl-references-and-nested-data-structures">#</a><a id="perlref"></a><a id="perlref---Perl-references-and-nested-data-structures"></a>perlref - Perl references and nested data structures</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION26"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION26">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Making-References"><a class="permalink" href="#Making-References">#</a><a id="Making"></a>Making References</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-References"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-References">#</a><a id="Using"></a>Using References</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Symbolic-references"><a class="permalink" href="#Symbolic-references">#</a><a id="Symbolic1"></a>Symbolic references</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Not-so-symbolic-references"><a class="permalink" href="#Not-so-symbolic-references">#</a><a id="Not"></a>Not-so-symbolic references</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Pseudo-hashes:-Using-an-array-as-a-hash"><a class="permalink" href="#Pseudo-hashes:-Using-an-array-as-a-hash">#</a><a id="Pseudo1"></a>Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Function-Templates"><a class="permalink" href="#Function-Templates">#</a><a id="Function"></a>Function Templates</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="WARNING"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO6"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO6">#</a><a id="SEE6"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perldsc-Perl-Data-Structures-Cookbook"><a class="permalink" href="#perldsc-Perl-Data-Structures-Cookbook">#</a><a id="perldsc"></a><a id="perldsc---Perl-Data-Structures-Cookbook"></a>perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION27"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION27">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs</p> </dd> <dt id="REFERENCES"><a class="permalink" href="#REFERENCES">#</a>REFERENCES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COMMON-MISTAKES"><a class="permalink" href="#COMMON-MISTAKES">#</a><a id="COMMON"></a>COMMON MISTAKES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEAT-ON-PRECEDENCE"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEAT-ON-PRECEDENCE">#</a><a id="CAVEAT"></a>CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WHY-YOU-SHOULD-ALWAYS-use-strict"><a class="permalink" href="#WHY-YOU-SHOULD-ALWAYS-use-strict">#</a><a id="WHY"></a>WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS <code>use strict</code></dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DEBUGGING"><a class="permalink" href="#DEBUGGING">#</a>DEBUGGING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CODE-EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#CODE-EXAMPLES">#</a><a id="CODE"></a>CODE EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="LISTS-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#LISTS-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="LISTS"></a>LISTS OF LISTS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declaration-of-a-LIST-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-a-LIST-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="Declaration"></a>Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Generation-of-a-LIST-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#Generation-of-a-LIST-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="Generation"></a>Generation of a LIST OF LISTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Access-and-Printing-of-a-LIST-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#Access-and-Printing-of-a-LIST-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="Access"></a>Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="HASHES-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#HASHES-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="HASHES"></a>HASHES OF LISTS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declaration-of-a-HASH-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-a-HASH-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="Declaration1"></a>Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Generation-of-a-HASH-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#Generation-of-a-HASH-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="Generation1"></a>Generation of a HASH OF LISTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Access-and-Printing-of-a-HASH-OF-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#Access-and-Printing-of-a-HASH-OF-LISTS">#</a><a id="Access1"></a>Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="LISTS-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#LISTS-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="LISTS1"></a>LISTS OF HASHES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declaration-of-a-LIST-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-a-LIST-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="Declaration2"></a>Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Generation-of-a-LIST-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#Generation-of-a-LIST-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="Generation2"></a>Generation of a LIST OF HASHES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Access-and-Printing-of-a-LIST-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#Access-and-Printing-of-a-LIST-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="Access2"></a>Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="HASHES-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#HASHES-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="HASHES1"></a>HASHES OF HASHES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declaration-of-a-HASH-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-a-HASH-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="Declaration3"></a>Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Generation-of-a-HASH-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#Generation-of-a-HASH-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="Generation3"></a>Generation of a HASH OF HASHES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Access-and-Printing-of-a-HASH-OF-HASHES"><a class="permalink" href="#Access-and-Printing-of-a-HASH-OF-HASHES">#</a><a id="Access3"></a>Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="MORE-ELABORATE-RECORDS"><a class="permalink" href="#MORE-ELABORATE-RECORDS">#</a><a id="MORE"></a>MORE ELABORATE RECORDS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declaration-of-MORE-ELABORATE-RECORDS"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-MORE-ELABORATE-RECORDS">#</a><a id="Declaration4"></a>Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Declaration-of-a-HASH-OF-COMPLEX-RECORDS"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-a-HASH-OF-COMPLEX-RECORDS">#</a><a id="Declaration5"></a>Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Generation-of-a-HASH-OF-COMPLEX-RECORDS"><a class="permalink" href="#Generation-of-a-HASH-OF-COMPLEX-RECORDS">#</a><a id="Generation4"></a>Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Database-Ties"><a class="permalink" href="#Database-Ties">#</a><a id="Database"></a>Database Ties</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO7"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO7">#</a><a id="SEE7"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR2"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR2">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perllol,-perlLoL-Manipulating-Lists-of-Lists-in-Perl"><a class="permalink" href="#perllol,-perlLoL-Manipulating-Lists-of-Lists-in-Perl">#</a><a id="perllol"></a><a id="perllol-perlLoL---Manipulating-Lists-of-Lists-in-Perl"></a>perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION28"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION28">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Declaration-and-Access-of-Lists-of-Lists"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-and-Access-of-Lists-of-Lists">#</a><a id="Declaration6"></a>Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Growing-Your-Own"><a class="permalink" href="#Growing-Your-Own">#</a><a id="Growing"></a>Growing Your Own</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Access-and-Printing"><a class="permalink" href="#Access-and-Printing">#</a><a id="Access4"></a>Access and Printing</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Slices"><a class="permalink" href="#Slices">#</a>Slices</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO8"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO8">#</a><a id="SEE8"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR3"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR3">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perltoot-Tom's-object-oriented-tutorial-for-perl"><a class="permalink" href="#perltoot-Tom's-object-oriented-tutorial-for-perl">#</a><a id="perltoot"></a><a id="perltoot---Toms-object-oriented-tutorial-for-perl"></a>perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION29"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION29">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Creating-a-Class"><a class="permalink" href="#Creating-a-Class">#</a><a id="Creating1"></a>Creating a Class</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Object-Representation"><a class="permalink" href="#Object-Representation">#</a><a id="Object"></a>Object Representation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Class-Interface"><a class="permalink" href="#Class-Interface">#</a><a id="Class"></a>Class Interface</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Constructors-and-Instance-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Constructors-and-Instance-Methods">#</a><a id="Constructors"></a>Constructors and Instance Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Planning-for-the-Future:-Better-Constructors"><a class="permalink" href="#Planning-for-the-Future:-Better-Constructors">#</a><a id="Planning"></a>Planning for the Future: Better Constructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Destructors"><a class="permalink" href="#Destructors">#</a>Destructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Other-Object-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Other-Object-Methods">#</a><a id="Other1"></a>Other Object Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Class-Data"><a class="permalink" href="#Class-Data">#</a><a id="Class1"></a>Class Data</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Accessing-Class-Data"><a class="permalink" href="#Accessing-Class-Data">#</a><a id="Accessing1"></a>Accessing Class Data</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Debugging-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugging-Methods">#</a><a id="Debugging1"></a>Debugging Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Class-Destructors"><a class="permalink" href="#Class-Destructors">#</a><a id="Class2"></a>Class Destructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Documenting-the-Interface"><a class="permalink" href="#Documenting-the-Interface">#</a><a id="Documenting"></a>Documenting the Interface</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Aggregation"><a class="permalink" href="#Aggregation">#</a>Aggregation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Inheritance"><a class="permalink" href="#Inheritance">#</a>Inheritance</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Overridden-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Overridden-Methods">#</a><a id="Overridden"></a>Overridden Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Multiple-Inheritance"><a class="permalink" href="#Multiple-Inheritance">#</a><a id="Multiple"></a>Multiple Inheritance</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="UNIVERSAL:-The-Root-of-All-Objects"><a class="permalink" href="#UNIVERSAL:-The-Root-of-All-Objects">#</a><a id="UNIVERSAL"></a>UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Alternate-Object-Representations"><a class="permalink" href="#Alternate-Object-Representations">#</a><a id="Alternate"></a>Alternate Object Representations</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Arrays-as-Objects"><a class="permalink" href="#Arrays-as-Objects">#</a><a id="Arrays"></a>Arrays as Objects</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Closures-as-Objects"><a class="permalink" href="#Closures-as-Objects">#</a><a id="Closures"></a>Closures as Objects</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTOLOAD:-Proxy-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTOLOAD:-Proxy-Methods">#</a><a id="AUTOLOAD"></a>AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Autoloaded-Data-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Autoloaded-Data-Methods">#</a><a id="Autoloaded"></a>Autoloaded Data Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Inherited-Autoloaded-Data-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Inherited-Autoloaded-Data-Methods">#</a><a id="Inherited"></a>Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Metaclassical-Tools"><a class="permalink" href="#Metaclassical-Tools">#</a><a id="Metaclassical"></a>Metaclassical Tools</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Class::Struct"><a class="permalink" href="#Class::Struct">#</a><a id="Class3"></a>Class::Struct</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Data-Members-as-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Data-Members-as-Variables">#</a><a id="Data6"></a>Data Members as Variables</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTES3"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES3">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Object-Terminology"><a class="permalink" href="#Object-Terminology">#</a><a id="Object1"></a>Object Terminology</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO9"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO9">#</a><a id="SEE9"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT9"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-AND-COPYRIGHT9">#</a><a id="AUTHOR89"></a>AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT1"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT1">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Acknowledgments"><a class="permalink" href="#Acknowledgments">#</a>Acknowledgments</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlobj-Perl-objects"><a class="permalink" href="#perlobj-Perl-objects">#</a><a id="perlobj"></a><a id="perlobj---Perl-objects"></a>perlobj - Perl objects</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION30"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION30">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="An-Object-is-Simply-a-Reference"><a class="permalink" href="#An-Object-is-Simply-a-Reference">#</a><a id="An1"></a>An Object is Simply a Reference</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="A-Class-is-Simply-a-Package"><a class="permalink" href="#A-Class-is-Simply-a-Package">#</a><a id="A"></a>A Class is Simply a Package</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="A-Method-is-Simply-a-Subroutine"><a class="permalink" href="#A-Method-is-Simply-a-Subroutine">#</a><a id="A1"></a>A Method is Simply a Subroutine</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Method-Invocation"><a class="permalink" href="#Method-Invocation">#</a><a id="Method"></a>Method Invocation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Default-UNIVERSAL-methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Default-UNIVERSAL-methods">#</a><a id="Default1"></a>Default UNIVERSAL methods</dt> <dd> <p>isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )</p> </dd> <dt id="Destructors1"><a class="permalink" href="#Destructors1">#</a>Destructors</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING1"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING1">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Summary"><a class="permalink" href="#Summary">#</a>Summary</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Two-Phased-Garbage-Collection"><a class="permalink" href="#Two-Phased-Garbage-Collection">#</a><a id="Two"></a>Two-Phased Garbage Collection</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO10"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO10">#</a><a id="SEE10"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perltie-how-to-hide-an-object-class-in-a-simple-variable"><a class="permalink" href="#perltie-how-to-hide-an-object-class-in-a-simple-variable">#</a><a id="perltie"></a><a id="perltie---how-to-hide-an-object-class-in-a-simple-variable"></a>perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS4"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS4">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION31"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION31">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Tying-Scalars"><a class="permalink" href="#Tying-Scalars">#</a><a id="Tying"></a>Tying Scalars</dt> <dd> <p>TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this</p> </dd> <dt id="Tying-Arrays"><a class="permalink" href="#Tying-Arrays">#</a><a id="Tying1"></a>Tying Arrays</dt> <dd> <p>TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, DESTROY this</p> </dd> <dt id="Tying-Hashes"><a class="permalink" href="#Tying-Hashes">#</a><a id="Tying2"></a>Tying Hashes</dt> <dd> <p>USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this</p> </dd> <dt id="Tying-FileHandles"><a class="permalink" href="#Tying-FileHandles">#</a><a id="Tying3"></a>Tying FileHandles</dt> <dd> <p>TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this</p> </dd> <dt id="The-untie-Gotcha"><a class="permalink" href="#The-untie-Gotcha">#</a><a id="The4"></a>The <code>untie</code> Gotcha</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO11"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO11">#</a><a id="SEE11"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS3"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS3">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR4"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR4">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlbot-Bag'o-Object-Tricks-(the-BOT)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlbot-Bag'o-Object-Tricks-(the-BOT)">#</a><a id="perlbot"></a><a id="perlbot---Bago-Object-Tricks-the-BOT"></a>perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION32"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION32">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OO-SCALING-TIPS"><a class="permalink" href="#OO-SCALING-TIPS">#</a><a id="OO"></a>OO SCALING TIPS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INSTANCE-VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#INSTANCE-VARIABLES">#</a><a id="INSTANCE"></a>INSTANCE VARIABLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SCALAR-INSTANCE-VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#SCALAR-INSTANCE-VARIABLES">#</a><a id="SCALAR"></a>SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INSTANCE-VARIABLE-INHERITANCE"><a class="permalink" href="#INSTANCE-VARIABLE-INHERITANCE">#</a><a id="INSTANCE1"></a>INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OBJECT-RELATIONSHIPS"><a class="permalink" href="#OBJECT-RELATIONSHIPS">#</a><a id="OBJECT"></a>OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OVERRIDING-SUPERCLASS-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#OVERRIDING-SUPERCLASS-METHODS">#</a><a id="OVERRIDING"></a>OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USING-RELATIONSHIP-WITH-SDBM"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-RELATIONSHIP-WITH-SDBM">#</a><a id="USING1"></a>USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THINKING-OF-CODE-REUSE"><a class="permalink" href="#THINKING-OF-CODE-REUSE">#</a><a id="THINKING"></a>THINKING OF CODE REUSE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CLASS-CONTEXT-AND-THE-OBJECT"><a class="permalink" href="#CLASS-CONTEXT-AND-THE-OBJECT">#</a><a id="CLASS"></a>CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INHERITING-A-CONSTRUCTOR"><a class="permalink" href="#INHERITING-A-CONSTRUCTOR">#</a><a id="INHERITING"></a>INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DELEGATION"><a class="permalink" href="#DELEGATION">#</a>DELEGATION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlipc-Perl-interprocess-communication-(signals,-fifos,-pipes,-safe-subprocesses,-sockets,-and-semaphores)"><a class="permalink" href="#perlipc-Perl-interprocess-communication-(signals,-fifos,-pipes,-safe-subprocesses,-sockets,-and-semaphores)">#</a><a id="perlipc"></a><a id="perlipc---Perl-interprocess-communication-signals-fifos-pipes-safe-subprocesses-sockets-and-semaphores"></a>perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION33"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION33">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Signals"><a class="permalink" href="#Signals">#</a>Signals</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Named-Pipes"><a class="permalink" href="#Named-Pipes">#</a><a id="Named1"></a>Named Pipes</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="WARNING2"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING2">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Using-open()-for-IPC"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-open()-for-IPC">#</a><a id="Using1"></a><a id="Using-open-for-IPC"></a>Using open() for IPC</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="#Filehandles">#</a>Filehandles</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Background-Processes"><a class="permalink" href="#Background-Processes">#</a><a id="Background"></a>Background Processes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Complete-Dissociation-of-Child-from-Parent"><a class="permalink" href="#Complete-Dissociation-of-Child-from-Parent">#</a><a id="Complete"></a>Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Safe-Pipe-Opens"><a class="permalink" href="#Safe-Pipe-Opens">#</a><a id="Safe"></a>Safe Pipe Opens</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bidirectional-Communication-with-Another-Process"><a class="permalink" href="#Bidirectional-Communication-with-Another-Process">#</a><a id="Bidirectional"></a>Bidirectional Communication with Another Process</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bidirectional-Communication-with-Yourself"><a class="permalink" href="#Bidirectional-Communication-with-Yourself">#</a><a id="Bidirectional1"></a>Bidirectional Communication with Yourself</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Sockets:-Client/Server-Communication"><a class="permalink" href="#Sockets:-Client/Server-Communication">#</a><a id="Sockets"></a><a id="Sockets:-Client-Server-Communication"></a>Sockets: Client/Server Communication</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Internet-Line-Terminators"><a class="permalink" href="#Internet-Line-Terminators">#</a><a id="Internet"></a>Internet Line Terminators</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Internet-TCP-Clients-and-Servers"><a class="permalink" href="#Internet-TCP-Clients-and-Servers">#</a><a id="Internet1"></a>Internet TCP Clients and Servers</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Unix-Domain-TCP-Clients-and-Servers"><a class="permalink" href="#Unix-Domain-TCP-Clients-and-Servers">#</a><a id="Unix1"></a>Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="TCP-Clients-with-IO::Socket"><a class="permalink" href="#TCP-Clients-with-IO::Socket">#</a><a id="TCP"></a>TCP Clients with IO::Socket</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="A-Simple-Client"><a class="permalink" href="#A-Simple-Client">#</a><a id="A2"></a>A Simple Client</dt> <dd> <p><code>Proto</code>, <code>PeerAddr</code>, <code>PeerPort</code></p> </dd> <dt id="A-Webget-Client"><a class="permalink" href="#A-Webget-Client">#</a><a id="A3"></a>A Webget Client</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Interactive-Client-with-IO::Socket"><a class="permalink" href="#Interactive-Client-with-IO::Socket">#</a><a id="Interactive"></a>Interactive Client with IO::Socket</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="TCP-Servers-with-IO::Socket"><a class="permalink" href="#TCP-Servers-with-IO::Socket">#</a><a id="TCP1"></a>TCP Servers with IO::Socket</dt> <dd> <p>Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse</p> </dd> <dt id="UDP:-Message-Passing"><a class="permalink" href="#UDP:-Message-Passing">#</a><a id="UDP"></a>UDP: Message Passing</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SysV-IPC"><a class="permalink" href="#SysV-IPC">#</a><a id="SysV"></a>SysV IPC</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTES4"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES4">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS4"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS4">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR5"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR5">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO12"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO12">#</a><a id="SEE12"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perldebug-Perl-debugging"><a class="permalink" href="#perldebug-Perl-debugging">#</a><a id="perldebug"></a><a id="perldebug---Perl-debugging"></a>perldebug - Perl debugging</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION34"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION34">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Perl-Debugger"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Perl-Debugger">#</a><a id="The5"></a>The Perl Debugger</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Debugger-Commands"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugger-Commands">#</a><a id="Debugger"></a>Debugger Commands</dt> <dd> <p>h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., <code>recallCommand</code>, <code>ShellBang</code>, <code>pager</code>, <code>tkRunning</code>, <code>signalLevel</code>, <code>warnLevel</code>, <code>dieLevel</code>, <code>AutoTrace</code>, <code>LineInfo</code>, <code>inhibit_exit</code>, <code>PrintRet</code>, <code>ornaments</code>, <code>frame</code>, <code>maxTraceLen</code>, <code>arrayDepth</code>, <code>hashDepth</code>, <code>compactDump</code>, <code>veryCompact</code>, <code>globPrint</code>, <code>DumpDBFiles</code>, <code>DumpPackages</code>, <code>DumpReused</code>, <code>quote</code>, <code>HighBit</code>, <code>undefPrint</code>, <code>UsageOnly</code>, <code>TTY</code>, <code>noTTY</code>, <code>ReadLine</code>, <code>NonStop</code>, < [ command ], << command, > command, >> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package</p> </dd> <dt id="Debugger-input/output"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugger-input/output">#</a><a id="Debugger1"></a><a id="Debugger-input-output"></a>Debugger input/output</dt> <dd> <p>Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing</p> </dd> <dt id="Debugging-compile-time-statements"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugging-compile-time-statements">#</a><a id="Debugging2"></a>Debugging compile-time statements</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Debugger-Customization"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugger-Customization">#</a><a id="Debugger2"></a>Debugger Customization</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Readline-Support"><a class="permalink" href="#Readline-Support">#</a><a id="Readline"></a>Readline Support</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Editor-Support-for-Debugging"><a class="permalink" href="#Editor-Support-for-Debugging">#</a><a id="Editor"></a>Editor Support for Debugging</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Perl-Profiler"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Perl-Profiler">#</a><a id="The6"></a>The Perl Profiler</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Debugger-support-in-perl"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugger-support-in-perl">#</a><a id="Debugger3"></a>Debugger support in perl</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Debugger-Internals"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugger-Internals">#</a><a id="Debugger4"></a>Debugger Internals</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Other-resources"><a class="permalink" href="#Other-resources">#</a><a id="Other2"></a>Other resources</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS5"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS5">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Debugging-Perl-memory-usage"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugging-Perl-memory-usage">#</a><a id="Debugging3"></a>Debugging Perl memory usage</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Using-$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-$ENV%7BPERL_DEBUG_MSTATS%7D">#</a><a id="Using2"></a><a id="Using-ENV-PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS"></a>Using <code>$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}</code></dt> <dd> <p><code>buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)</code>, Free/Used, <code>Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS</code>, <code>pad: 0</code>, <code>heads: 2192</code>, <code>chain: 0</code>, <code>tail: 6144</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Example-of-using-DL-switch"><a class="permalink" href="#Example-of-using-DL-switch">#</a><a id="Example"></a><a id="Example-of-using--DL-switch"></a>Example of using <b>-DL</b> switch</dt> <dd> <p><code>717</code>, <code>002</code>, <code>054</code>, <code>602</code>, <code>702</code>, <code>704</code></p> </dd> <dt id="-DL-details"><a class="permalink" href="#-DL-details">#</a><a id="DL-details"></a><b>-DL</b> details</dt> <dd> <p><code>!!!</code>, <code>!!</code>, <code>!</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Limitations-of-DL-statistic"><a class="permalink" href="#Limitations-of-DL-statistic">#</a><a id="Limitations"></a><a id="Limitations-of--DL-statistic"></a>Limitations of <b>-DL</b> statistic</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Debugging-regular-expressions"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugging-regular-expressions">#</a><a id="Debugging4"></a>Debugging regular expressions</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Compile-time-output"><a class="permalink" href="#Compile-time-output">#</a><a id="Compile"></a>Compile-time output</dt> <dd> <p><code>anchored</code> <i>STRING</i> <code>at</code> <i>POS</i>, <code>floating</code> <i>STRING</i> <code>at</code> <i>POS1..POS2</i>, <code>matching floating/anchored</code>, <code>minlen</code>, <code>stclass</code> <i>TYPE</i>, <code>noscan</code>, <code>isall</code>, <code>GPOS</code>, <code>plus</code>, <code>implicit</code>, <code>with eval</code>, <code>anchored(TYPE)</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Types-of-nodes"><a class="permalink" href="#Types-of-nodes">#</a><a id="Types"></a>Types of nodes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Run-time-output"><a class="permalink" href="#Run-time-output">#</a><a id="Run"></a>Run-time output</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perldiag-various-Perl-diagnostics"><a class="permalink" href="#perldiag-various-Perl-diagnostics">#</a><a id="perldiag"></a><a id="perldiag---various-Perl-diagnostics"></a>perldiag - various Perl diagnostics</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION35"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION35">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlsec-Perl-security"><a class="permalink" href="#perlsec-Perl-security">#</a><a id="perlsec"></a><a id="perlsec---Perl-security"></a>perlsec - Perl security</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION36"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION36">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Laundering-and-Detecting-Tainted-Data"><a class="permalink" href="#Laundering-and-Detecting-Tainted-Data">#</a><a id="Laundering"></a>Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Switches-On-the-"#!"-Line"><a class="permalink" href="#Switches-On-the-%22%23!%22-Line">#</a><a id="Switches1"></a><a id="Switches-On-the-Line"></a>Switches On the "#!" Line</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Cleaning-Up-Your-Path"><a class="permalink" href="#Cleaning-Up-Your-Path">#</a><a id="Cleaning"></a>Cleaning Up Your Path</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Security-Bugs"><a class="permalink" href="#Security-Bugs">#</a><a id="Security2"></a>Security Bugs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Protecting-Your-Programs"><a class="permalink" href="#Protecting-Your-Programs">#</a><a id="Protecting"></a>Protecting Your Programs</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO13"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO13">#</a><a id="SEE13"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perltrap-Perl-traps-for-the-unwary"><a class="permalink" href="#perltrap-Perl-traps-for-the-unwary">#</a><a id="perltrap"></a><a id="perltrap---Perl-traps-for-the-unwary"></a>perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION37"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION37">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Awk-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Awk-Traps">#</a><a id="Awk"></a>Awk Traps</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="C-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#C-Traps">#</a><a id="C4"></a>C Traps</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Sed-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Sed-Traps">#</a><a id="Sed"></a>Sed Traps</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Shell-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Shell-Traps">#</a><a id="Shell"></a>Shell Traps</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Traps">#</a><a id="Perl7"></a>Perl Traps</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl4-to-Perl5-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl4-to-Perl5-Traps">#</a><a id="Perl41"></a>Perl4 to Perl5 Traps</dt> <dd> <p>Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps</p> </dd> <dt id="Discontinuance,-Deprecation,-and-BugFix-traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Discontinuance,-Deprecation,-and-BugFix-traps">#</a><a id="Discontinuance"></a><a id="Discontinuance-Deprecation-and-BugFix-traps"></a>Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps</dt> <dd> <p>Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance</p> </dd> <dt id="Parsing-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Parsing-Traps">#</a><a id="Parsing"></a>Parsing Traps</dt> <dd> <p>Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing</p> </dd> <dt id="Numerical-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Numerical-Traps">#</a><a id="Numerical"></a>Numerical Traps</dt> <dd> <p>Numerical, Numerical, Numerical</p> </dd> <dt id="General-data-type-traps"><a class="permalink" href="#General-data-type-traps">#</a><a id="General"></a>General data type traps</dt> <dd> <p>(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)</p> </dd> <dt id="Context-Traps-scalar,-list-contexts"><a class="permalink" href="#Context-Traps-scalar,-list-contexts">#</a><a id="Context1"></a><a id="Context-Traps---scalar-list-contexts"></a>Context Traps - scalar, list contexts</dt> <dd> <p>(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)</p> </dd> <dt id="Precedence-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Precedence-Traps">#</a><a id="Precedence"></a>Precedence Traps</dt> <dd> <p>Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence</p> </dd> <dt id="General-Regular-Expression-Traps-using-s///,-etc."><a class="permalink" href="#General-Regular-Expression-Traps-using-s///,-etc.">#</a><a id="General1"></a><a id="General-Regular-Expression-Traps-using-s-etc"></a>General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.</dt> <dd> <p>Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression</p> </dd> <dt id="Subroutine,-Signal,-Sorting-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Subroutine,-Signal,-Sorting-Traps">#</a><a id="Subroutine"></a><a id="Subroutine-Signal-Sorting-Traps"></a>Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps</dt> <dd> <p>(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle</p> </dd> <dt id="OS-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#OS-Traps">#</a><a id="OS"></a>OS Traps</dt> <dd> <p>(SysV), (SysV)</p> </dd> <dt id="Interpolation-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Interpolation-Traps">#</a><a id="Interpolation"></a>Interpolation Traps</dt> <dd> <p>Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation</p> </dd> <dt id="DBM-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#DBM-Traps">#</a><a id="DBM"></a>DBM Traps</dt> <dd> <p>DBM, DBM</p> </dd> <dt id="Unclassified-Traps"><a class="permalink" href="#Unclassified-Traps">#</a><a id="Unclassified"></a>Unclassified Traps</dt> <dd> <p><code>require</code>/<code>do</code> trap using returned value, <code>split</code> on empty string with LIMIT specified</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlport-Writing-portable-Perl"><a class="permalink" href="#perlport-Writing-portable-Perl">#</a><a id="perlport"></a><a id="perlport---Writing-portable-Perl"></a>perlport - Writing portable Perl</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION38"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION38">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>Not all Perl programs have to be portable, The vast majority of Perl <b>is</b> portable</p> </dd> <dt id="ISSUES"><a class="permalink" href="#ISSUES">#</a>ISSUES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Newlines"><a class="permalink" href="#Newlines">#</a>Newlines</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="File-Paths"><a class="permalink" href="#File-Paths">#</a><a id="File"></a>File Paths</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="System-Interaction"><a class="permalink" href="#System-Interaction">#</a><a id="System"></a>System Interaction</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Interprocess-Communication-(IPC)"><a class="permalink" href="#Interprocess-Communication-(IPC)">#</a><a id="Interprocess"></a><a id="Interprocess-Communication-IPC"></a>Interprocess Communication (IPC)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="External-Subroutines-(XS)"><a class="permalink" href="#External-Subroutines-(XS)">#</a><a id="External"></a><a id="External-Subroutines-XS"></a>External Subroutines (XS)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Standard-Modules1"><a class="permalink" href="#Standard-Modules1">#</a><a id="Standard1"></a>Standard Modules</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Time-and-Date"><a class="permalink" href="#Time-and-Date">#</a><a id="Time"></a>Time and Date</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="System-Resources"><a class="permalink" href="#System-Resources">#</a><a id="System1"></a>System Resources</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Security"><a class="permalink" href="#Security">#</a>Security</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Style"><a class="permalink" href="#Style">#</a>Style</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CPAN-TESTERS"><a class="permalink" href="#CPAN-TESTERS">#</a><a id="CPAN1"></a>CPAN TESTERS</dt> <dd> <p>Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: <code>http://www.connect.net/gbarr/cpan-test/</code></p> </dd> <dt id="PLATFORMS"><a class="permalink" href="#PLATFORMS">#</a>PLATFORMS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Unix"><a class="permalink" href="#Unix">#</a>Unix</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DOS-and-Derivatives"><a class="permalink" href="#DOS-and-Derivatives">#</a><a id="DOS"></a>DOS and Derivatives</dt> <dd> <p>The djgpp environment for DOS, <code>http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/</code>, The EMX environment for DOS, OS/2, etc. <code>emx@iaehv.nl</code>,<code>http://www.juge.com/bbs/Hobb.19.html</code>, Build instructions for Win32, <a href="/5.005_02/perlwin32">perlwin32</a>, The ActiveState Pages, <code>http://www.activestate.com/</code></p> </dd> <dt id="MacPerl"><a class="permalink" href="#MacPerl">#</a>MacPerl</dt> <dd> <p>The MacPerl Pages, <code>http://www.ptf.com/macperl/</code>, The MacPerl mailing list, <code>mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch</code></p> </dd> <dt id="VMS"><a class="permalink" href="#VMS">#</a>VMS</dt> <dd> <p><a href="/5.005_02/perlvms.pod">perlvms.pod</a>, vmsperl list, <code>vmsperl-request@newman.upenn.edu</code>, vmsperl on the web, <code>http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html</code></p> </dd> <dt id="EBCDIC-Platforms"><a class="permalink" href="#EBCDIC-Platforms">#</a><a id="EBCDIC"></a>EBCDIC Platforms</dt> <dd> <p>perl-mvs list, AS/400 Perl information at <code>http://as400.rochester.ibm.com</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Other-perls"><a class="permalink" href="#Other-perls">#</a><a id="Other3"></a>Other perls</dt> <dd> <p>Atari, Guido Flohr's page <code>http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/</code>, HP 300 MPE/iX <code>http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html</code>, Novell Netware</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTION-IMPLEMENTATIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTION-IMPLEMENTATIONS">#</a><a id="FUNCTION"></a>FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Alphabetical-Listing-of-Perl-Functions1"><a class="permalink" href="#Alphabetical-Listing-of-Perl-Functions1">#</a><a id="Alphabetical1"></a>Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions</dt> <dd> <p>-<i>X</i> FILEHANDLE, -<i>X</i> EXPR, -<i>X</i>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS-/-CONTRIBUTORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS-/-CONTRIBUTORS">#</a><a id="AUTHORS13"></a><a id="AUTHORS-CONTRIBUTORS"></a>AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="VERSION"><a class="permalink" href="#VERSION">#</a>VERSION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlstyle-Perl-style-guide"><a class="permalink" href="#perlstyle-Perl-style-guide">#</a><a id="perlstyle"></a><a id="perlstyle---Perl-style-guide"></a>perlstyle - Perl style guide</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION39"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION39">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlpod-plain-old-documentation"><a class="permalink" href="#perlpod-plain-old-documentation">#</a><a id="perlpod"></a><a id="perlpod---plain-old-documentation"></a>perlpod - plain old documentation</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION40"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION40">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Verbatim-Paragraph"><a class="permalink" href="#Verbatim-Paragraph">#</a><a id="Verbatim"></a>Verbatim Paragraph</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Command-Paragraph"><a class="permalink" href="#Command-Paragraph">#</a><a id="Command"></a>Command Paragraph</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Ordinary-Block-of-Text"><a class="permalink" href="#Ordinary-Block-of-Text">#</a><a id="Ordinary"></a>Ordinary Block of Text</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Intent"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Intent">#</a><a id="The7"></a>The Intent</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Embedding-Pods-in-Perl-Modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Embedding-Pods-in-Perl-Modules">#</a><a id="Embedding"></a>Embedding Pods in Perl Modules</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Common-Pod-Pitfalls"><a class="permalink" href="#Common-Pod-Pitfalls">#</a><a id="Common"></a>Common Pod Pitfalls</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO14"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO14">#</a><a id="SEE14"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR6"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR6">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlbook-Perl-book-information"><a class="permalink" href="#perlbook-Perl-book-information">#</a><a id="perlbook"></a><a id="perlbook---Perl-book-information"></a>perlbook - Perl book information</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION41"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION41">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlembed-how-to-embed-perl-in-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#perlembed-how-to-embed-perl-in-your-C-program">#</a><a id="perlembed"></a><a id="perlembed---how-to-embed-perl-in-your-C-program"></a>perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION42"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION42">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="PREAMBLE1"><a class="permalink" href="#PREAMBLE1">#</a>PREAMBLE</dt> <dd> <p><b>Use C from Perl?</b>, <b>Use a Unix program from Perl?</b>, <b>Use Perl from Perl?</b>, <b>Use C from C?</b>, <b>Use Perl from C?</b></p> </dd> <dt id="ROADMAP"><a class="permalink" href="#ROADMAP">#</a>ROADMAP</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compiling-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Compiling-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Compiling"></a>Compiling your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Adding-a-Perl-interpreter-to-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Adding-a-Perl-interpreter-to-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Adding"></a>Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Calling-a-Perl-subroutine-from-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Calling-a-Perl-subroutine-from-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Calling"></a>Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Evaluating-a-Perl-statement-from-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Evaluating-a-Perl-statement-from-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Evaluating"></a>Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Performing-Perl-pattern-matches-and-substitutions-from-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Performing-Perl-pattern-matches-and-substitutions-from-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Performing"></a>Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Fiddling-with-the-Perl-stack-from-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Fiddling-with-the-Perl-stack-from-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Fiddling"></a>Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Maintaining-a-persistent-interpreter"><a class="permalink" href="#Maintaining-a-persistent-interpreter">#</a><a id="Maintaining"></a>Maintaining a persistent interpreter</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Maintaining-multiple-interpreter-instances"><a class="permalink" href="#Maintaining-multiple-interpreter-instances">#</a><a id="Maintaining1"></a>Maintaining multiple interpreter instances</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-Perl-modules,-which-themselves-use-C-libraries,-from-your-C-program"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-Perl-modules,-which-themselves-use-C-libraries,-from-your-C-program">#</a><a id="Using3"></a><a id="Using-Perl-modules-which-themselves-use-C-libraries-from-your-C-program"></a>Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Embedding-Perl-under-Win32"><a class="permalink" href="#Embedding-Perl-under-Win32">#</a><a id="Embedding1"></a>Embedding Perl under Win32</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="MORAL"><a class="permalink" href="#MORAL">#</a>MORAL</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR7"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR7">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT2"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT2">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlapio-perl's-IO-abstraction-interface."><a class="permalink" href="#perlapio-perl's-IO-abstraction-interface.">#</a><a id="perlapio"></a><a id="perlapio---perls-IO-abstraction-interface"></a>perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS5"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS5">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION43"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION43">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p><b>PerlIO *</b>, <b>PerlIO_stdin()</b>, <b>PerlIO_stdout()</b>, <b>PerlIO_stderr()</b>, <b>PerlIO_open(path, mode)</b>, <b>PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)</b>, <b>PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)</b>, <b>PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)</b>, <b>PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)</b>, <b>PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)</b>, <b>PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)</b>, <b>PerlIO_close(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_puts(f,s)</b>, <b>PerlIO_putc(f,c)</b>, <b>PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)</b>, <b>PerlIO_getc(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_eof(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_error(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_fileno(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_clearerr(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_flush(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_tell(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)</b>, <b>PerlIO_getpos(f,p)</b>, <b>PerlIO_setpos(f,p)</b>, <b>PerlIO_rewind(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_tmpfile()</b></p> <dl> <dt id="Co-existence-with-stdio"><a class="permalink" href="#Co-existence-with-stdio">#</a><a id="Co"></a>Co-existence with stdio</dt> <dd> <p><b>PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)</b>, <b>PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)</b>, <b>PerlIO_findFILE(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_get_ptr(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_get_cnt(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_fast_gets(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)</b>, <b>PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)</b>, <b>PerlIO_has_base(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_get_base(f)</b>, <b>PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)</b></p> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlxs-XS-language-reference-manual"><a class="permalink" href="#perlxs-XS-language-reference-manual">#</a><a id="perlxs"></a><a id="perlxs---XS-language-reference-manual"></a>perlxs - XS language reference manual</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION44"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION44">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Introduction"><a class="permalink" href="#Introduction">#</a>Introduction</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="On-The-Road"><a class="permalink" href="#On-The-Road">#</a><a id="On"></a>On The Road</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Anatomy-of-an-XSUB"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Anatomy-of-an-XSUB">#</a><a id="The8"></a>The Anatomy of an XSUB</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Argument-Stack"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Argument-Stack">#</a><a id="The9"></a>The Argument Stack</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-RETVAL-Variable"><a class="permalink" href="#The-RETVAL-Variable">#</a><a id="The10"></a>The RETVAL Variable</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-MODULE-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-MODULE-Keyword">#</a><a id="The11"></a>The MODULE Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-PACKAGE-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-PACKAGE-Keyword">#</a><a id="The12"></a>The PACKAGE Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-PREFIX-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-PREFIX-Keyword">#</a><a id="The13"></a>The PREFIX Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-OUTPUT:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-OUTPUT:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The14"></a>The OUTPUT: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-CODE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-CODE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The15"></a>The CODE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-INIT:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-INIT:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The16"></a>The INIT: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-NO_INIT-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-NO_INIT-Keyword">#</a><a id="The17"></a>The NO_INIT Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Initializing-Function-Parameters"><a class="permalink" href="#Initializing-Function-Parameters">#</a><a id="Initializing"></a>Initializing Function Parameters</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Default-Parameter-Values"><a class="permalink" href="#Default-Parameter-Values">#</a><a id="Default2"></a>Default Parameter Values</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-PREINIT:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-PREINIT:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The18"></a>The PREINIT: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-SCOPE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-SCOPE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The19"></a>The SCOPE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-INPUT:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-INPUT:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The20"></a>The INPUT: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Variable-length-Parameter-Lists"><a class="permalink" href="#Variable-length-Parameter-Lists">#</a><a id="Variable1"></a>Variable-length Parameter Lists</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-C_ARGS:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-C_ARGS:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The21"></a>The C_ARGS: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-PPCODE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-PPCODE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The22"></a>The PPCODE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Returning-Undef-And-Empty-Lists"><a class="permalink" href="#Returning-Undef-And-Empty-Lists">#</a><a id="Returning"></a>Returning Undef And Empty Lists</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-REQUIRE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-REQUIRE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The23"></a>The REQUIRE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-CLEANUP:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-CLEANUP:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The24"></a>The CLEANUP: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-BOOT:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-BOOT:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The25"></a>The BOOT: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-VERSIONCHECK:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-VERSIONCHECK:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The26"></a>The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-PROTOTYPES:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-PROTOTYPES:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The27"></a>The PROTOTYPES: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-PROTOTYPE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-PROTOTYPE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The28"></a>The PROTOTYPE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-ALIAS:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-ALIAS:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The29"></a>The ALIAS: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-INTERFACE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-INTERFACE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The30"></a>The INTERFACE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-INTERFACE_MACRO:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-INTERFACE_MACRO:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The31"></a>The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-INCLUDE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-INCLUDE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The32"></a>The INCLUDE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-CASE:-Keyword"><a class="permalink" href="#The-CASE:-Keyword">#</a><a id="The33"></a>The CASE: Keyword</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-&-Unary-Operator"><a class="permalink" href="#The-&-Unary-Operator">#</a><a id="The34"></a><a id="The-Unary-Operator"></a>The & Unary Operator</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Inserting-Comments-and-C-Preprocessor-Directives"><a class="permalink" href="#Inserting-Comments-and-C-Preprocessor-Directives">#</a><a id="Inserting"></a>Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-XS-With-C++"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-XS-With-C++">#</a><a id="Using4"></a><a id="Using-XS-With-C"></a>Using XS With C++</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Interface-Strategy"><a class="permalink" href="#Interface-Strategy">#</a><a id="Interface"></a>Interface Strategy</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Perl-Objects-And-C-Structures"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-Objects-And-C-Structures">#</a><a id="Perl8"></a>Perl Objects And C Structures</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-Typemap"><a class="permalink" href="#The-Typemap">#</a><a id="The35"></a>The Typemap</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="XS-VERSION"><a class="permalink" href="#XS-VERSION">#</a><a id="XS"></a>XS VERSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR8"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR8">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlxstut,-perlXStut-Tutorial-for-XSUBs"><a class="permalink" href="#perlxstut,-perlXStut-Tutorial-for-XSUBs">#</a><a id="perlxstut"></a><a id="perlxstut-perlXStut---Tutorial-for-XSUBs"></a>perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION45"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION45">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="VERSION-CAVEAT"><a class="permalink" href="#VERSION-CAVEAT">#</a><a id="VERSION3"></a>VERSION CAVEAT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DYNAMIC-VERSUS-STATIC"><a class="permalink" href="#DYNAMIC-VERSUS-STATIC">#</a><a id="DYNAMIC"></a>DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE-1"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE-1">#</a><a id="EXAMPLE7"></a>EXAMPLE 1</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE-2"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE-2">#</a><a id="EXAMPLE8"></a>EXAMPLE 2</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WHAT-HAS-GONE-ON?"><a class="permalink" href="#WHAT-HAS-GONE-ON?">#</a><a id="WHAT"></a><a id="WHAT-HAS-GONE-ON"></a>WHAT HAS GONE ON?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WRITING-GOOD-TEST-SCRIPTS"><a class="permalink" href="#WRITING-GOOD-TEST-SCRIPTS">#</a><a id="WRITING"></a>WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE-3"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE-3">#</a><a id="EXAMPLE9"></a>EXAMPLE 3</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WHAT'S-NEW-HERE?"><a class="permalink" href="#WHAT'S-NEW-HERE?">#</a><a id="WHAT1"></a><a id="WHATS-NEW-HERE"></a>WHAT'S NEW HERE?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INPUT-AND-OUTPUT-PARAMETERS"><a class="permalink" href="#INPUT-AND-OUTPUT-PARAMETERS">#</a><a id="INPUT"></a>INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THE-XSUBPP-COMPILER"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-XSUBPP-COMPILER">#</a><a id="THE1"></a>THE XSUBPP COMPILER</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THE-TYPEMAP-FILE"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-TYPEMAP-FILE">#</a><a id="THE2"></a>THE TYPEMAP FILE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING3"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING3">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE-4"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE-4">#</a><a id="EXAMPLE10"></a>EXAMPLE 4</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WHAT-HAS-HAPPENED-HERE?"><a class="permalink" href="#WHAT-HAS-HAPPENED-HERE?">#</a><a id="WHAT2"></a><a id="WHAT-HAS-HAPPENED-HERE"></a>WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SPECIFYING-ARGUMENTS-TO-XSUBPP"><a class="permalink" href="#SPECIFYING-ARGUMENTS-TO-XSUBPP">#</a><a id="SPECIFYING"></a>SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THE-ARGUMENT-STACK"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-ARGUMENT-STACK">#</a><a id="THE3"></a>THE ARGUMENT STACK</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXTENDING-YOUR-EXTENSION"><a class="permalink" href="#EXTENDING-YOUR-EXTENSION">#</a><a id="EXTENDING"></a>EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DOCUMENTING-YOUR-EXTENSION"><a class="permalink" href="#DOCUMENTING-YOUR-EXTENSION">#</a><a id="DOCUMENTING"></a>DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INSTALLING-YOUR-EXTENSION"><a class="permalink" href="#INSTALLING-YOUR-EXTENSION">#</a><a id="INSTALLING"></a>INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO15"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO15">#</a><a id="SEE15"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Author"><a class="permalink" href="#Author">#</a>Author</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Last-Changed"><a class="permalink" href="#Last-Changed">#</a><a id="Last"></a>Last Changed</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlguts-Perl's-Internal-Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#perlguts-Perl's-Internal-Functions">#</a><a id="perlguts"></a><a id="perlguts---Perls-Internal-Functions"></a>perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION46"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION46">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Variables">#</a>Variables</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Datatypes"><a class="permalink" href="#Datatypes">#</a>Datatypes</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-is-an-"IV"?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-is-an-%22IV%22?">#</a><a id="What30"></a><a id="What-is-an-IV"></a>What is an "IV"?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Working-with-SVs"><a class="permalink" href="#Working-with-SVs">#</a><a id="Working"></a>Working with SVs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What's-Really-Stored-in-an-SV?"><a class="permalink" href="#What's-Really-Stored-in-an-SV?">#</a><a id="What31"></a><a id="Whats-Really-Stored-in-an-SV"></a>What's Really Stored in an SV?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Working-with-AVs"><a class="permalink" href="#Working-with-AVs">#</a><a id="Working1"></a>Working with AVs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Working-with-HVs"><a class="permalink" href="#Working-with-HVs">#</a><a id="Working2"></a>Working with HVs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Hash-API-Extensions"><a class="permalink" href="#Hash-API-Extensions">#</a><a id="Hash"></a>Hash API Extensions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="References"><a class="permalink" href="#References">#</a>References</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Blessed-References-and-Class-Objects"><a class="permalink" href="#Blessed-References-and-Class-Objects">#</a><a id="Blessed"></a>Blessed References and Class Objects</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Creating-New-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Creating-New-Variables">#</a><a id="Creating2"></a>Creating New Variables</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Reference-Counts-and-Mortality"><a class="permalink" href="#Reference-Counts-and-Mortality">#</a><a id="Reference"></a>Reference Counts and Mortality</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Stashes-and-Globs"><a class="permalink" href="#Stashes-and-Globs">#</a><a id="Stashes"></a>Stashes and Globs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Double-Typed-SVs"><a class="permalink" href="#Double-Typed-SVs">#</a><a id="Double"></a>Double-Typed SVs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Magic-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Magic-Variables">#</a><a id="Magic1"></a>Magic Variables</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Assigning-Magic"><a class="permalink" href="#Assigning-Magic">#</a><a id="Assigning"></a>Assigning Magic</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Magic-Virtual-Tables"><a class="permalink" href="#Magic-Virtual-Tables">#</a><a id="Magic2"></a>Magic Virtual Tables</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Finding-Magic"><a class="permalink" href="#Finding-Magic">#</a><a id="Finding1"></a>Finding Magic</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Understanding-the-Magic-of-Tied-Hashes-and-Arrays"><a class="permalink" href="#Understanding-the-Magic-of-Tied-Hashes-and-Arrays">#</a><a id="Understanding"></a>Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Localizing-changes"><a class="permalink" href="#Localizing-changes">#</a><a id="Localizing"></a>Localizing changes</dt> <dd> <p><code>SAVEINT(int i)</code>, <code>SAVEIV(IV i)</code>, <code>SAVEI32(I32 i)</code>, <code>SAVELONG(long i)</code>, <code>SAVESPTR(s)</code>, <code>SAVEPPTR(p)</code>, <code>SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)</code>, <code>SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)</code>, <code>SAVEFREEPV(p)</code>, <code>SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)</code>, <code>SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)</code>, <code>SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p)</code>, <code>SAVESTACK_POS()</code>, <code>SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)</code>, <code>AV* save_ary(GV *gv)</code>, <code>HV* save_hash(GV *gv)</code>, <code>void save_item(SV *item)</code>, <code>void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)</code>, <code>SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)</code>, <code>void save_aptr(AV **aptr)</code>, <code>void save_hptr(HV **hptr)</code></p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Subroutines"><a class="permalink" href="#Subroutines">#</a>Subroutines</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="XSUBs-and-the-Argument-Stack"><a class="permalink" href="#XSUBs-and-the-Argument-Stack">#</a><a id="XSUBs"></a>XSUBs and the Argument Stack</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Calling-Perl-Routines-from-within-C-Programs"><a class="permalink" href="#Calling-Perl-Routines-from-within-C-Programs">#</a><a id="Calling1"></a>Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Memory-Allocation"><a class="permalink" href="#Memory-Allocation">#</a><a id="Memory1"></a>Memory Allocation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="PerlIO"><a class="permalink" href="#PerlIO">#</a>PerlIO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Putting-a-C-value-on-Perl-stack"><a class="permalink" href="#Putting-a-C-value-on-Perl-stack">#</a><a id="Putting"></a>Putting a C value on Perl stack</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Scratchpads"><a class="permalink" href="#Scratchpads">#</a>Scratchpads</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Scratchpads-and-recursion"><a class="permalink" href="#Scratchpads-and-recursion">#</a><a id="Scratchpads1"></a>Scratchpads and recursion</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Compiled-code"><a class="permalink" href="#Compiled-code">#</a><a id="Compiled"></a>Compiled code</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Code-tree"><a class="permalink" href="#Code-tree">#</a><a id="Code"></a>Code tree</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Examining-the-tree"><a class="permalink" href="#Examining-the-tree">#</a><a id="Examining"></a>Examining the tree</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compile-pass-1:-check-routines"><a class="permalink" href="#Compile-pass-1:-check-routines">#</a><a id="Compile1"></a>Compile pass 1: check routines</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compile-pass-1a:-constant-folding"><a class="permalink" href="#Compile-pass-1a:-constant-folding">#</a><a id="Compile2"></a>Compile pass 1a: constant folding</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compile-pass-2:-context-propagation"><a class="permalink" href="#Compile-pass-2:-context-propagation">#</a><a id="Compile3"></a>Compile pass 2: context propagation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Compile-pass-3:-peephole-optimization"><a class="permalink" href="#Compile-pass-3:-peephole-optimization">#</a><a id="Compile4"></a>Compile pass 3: peephole optimization</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="API-LISTING"><a class="permalink" href="#API-LISTING">#</a><a id="API"></a>API LISTING</dt> <dd> <p>av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, PL_dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, PL_na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, PL_sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, PL_sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV, SvUVX, PL_sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero</p> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlcall-Perl-calling-conventions-from-C"><a class="permalink" href="#perlcall-Perl-calling-conventions-from-C">#</a><a id="perlcall"></a><a id="perlcall---Perl-calling-conventions-from-C"></a>perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION47"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION47">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program</p> </dd> <dt id="THE-PERL_CALL-FUNCTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-PERL_CALL-FUNCTIONS">#</a><a id="THE4"></a>THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>perl_call_sv</b>, <b>perl_call_pv</b>, <b>perl_call_method</b>, <b>perl_call_argv</b></p> </dd> <dt id="FLAG-VALUES"><a class="permalink" href="#FLAG-VALUES">#</a><a id="FLAG"></a>FLAG VALUES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="G_VOID"><a class="permalink" href="#G_VOID">#</a>G_VOID</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="G_SCALAR"><a class="permalink" href="#G_SCALAR">#</a>G_SCALAR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="G_ARRAY"><a class="permalink" href="#G_ARRAY">#</a>G_ARRAY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="G_DISCARD"><a class="permalink" href="#G_DISCARD">#</a>G_DISCARD</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="G_NOARGS"><a class="permalink" href="#G_NOARGS">#</a>G_NOARGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="G_EVAL"><a class="permalink" href="#G_EVAL">#</a>G_EVAL</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="G_KEEPERR"><a class="permalink" href="#G_KEEPERR">#</a>G_KEEPERR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Determining-the-Context"><a class="permalink" href="#Determining-the-Context">#</a><a id="Determining"></a>Determining the Context</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KNOWN-PROBLEMS"><a class="permalink" href="#KNOWN-PROBLEMS">#</a><a id="KNOWN"></a>KNOWN PROBLEMS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES1"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES1">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="No-Parameters,-Nothing-returned"><a class="permalink" href="#No-Parameters,-Nothing-returned">#</a><a id="No"></a><a id="No-Parameters-Nothing-returned"></a>No Parameters, Nothing returned</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Passing-Parameters"><a class="permalink" href="#Passing-Parameters">#</a><a id="Passing1"></a>Passing Parameters</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Returning-a-Scalar"><a class="permalink" href="#Returning-a-Scalar">#</a><a id="Returning1"></a>Returning a Scalar</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Returning-a-list-of-values"><a class="permalink" href="#Returning-a-list-of-values">#</a><a id="Returning2"></a>Returning a list of values</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Returning-a-list-in-a-scalar-context"><a class="permalink" href="#Returning-a-list-in-a-scalar-context">#</a><a id="Returning3"></a>Returning a list in a scalar context</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Returning-Data-from-Perl-via-the-parameter-list"><a class="permalink" href="#Returning-Data-from-Perl-via-the-parameter-list">#</a><a id="Returning4"></a>Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-G_EVAL"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-G_EVAL">#</a><a id="Using5"></a>Using G_EVAL</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-G_KEEPERR"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-G_KEEPERR">#</a><a id="Using6"></a>Using G_KEEPERR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-perl_call_sv"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-perl_call_sv">#</a><a id="Using7"></a>Using perl_call_sv</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-perl_call_argv"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-perl_call_argv">#</a><a id="Using8"></a>Using perl_call_argv</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-perl_call_method"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-perl_call_method">#</a><a id="Using9"></a>Using perl_call_method</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-GIMME_V"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-GIMME_V">#</a><a id="Using10"></a>Using GIMME_V</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-Perl-to-dispose-of-temporaries"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-Perl-to-dispose-of-temporaries">#</a><a id="Using11"></a>Using Perl to dispose of temporaries</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Strategies-for-storing-Callback-Context-Information"><a class="permalink" href="#Strategies-for-storing-Callback-Context-Information">#</a><a id="Strategies"></a>Strategies for storing Callback Context Information</dt> <dd> <p>1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback</p> </dd> <dt id="Alternate-Stack-Manipulation"><a class="permalink" href="#Alternate-Stack-Manipulation">#</a><a id="Alternate1"></a>Alternate Stack Manipulation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Creating-and-calling-an-anonymous-subroutine-in-C"><a class="permalink" href="#Creating-and-calling-an-anonymous-subroutine-in-C">#</a><a id="Creating3"></a>Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO16"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO16">#</a><a id="SEE16"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR9"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR9">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DATE"><a class="permalink" href="#DATE">#</a>DATE</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="perlhist-the-Perl-history-records"><a class="permalink" href="#perlhist-the-Perl-history-records">#</a><a id="perlhist"></a><a id="perlhist---the-Perl-history-records"></a>perlhist - the Perl history records</h2> <dl> <dt id="DESCRIPTION48"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION48">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INTRODUCTION"><a class="permalink" href="#INTRODUCTION">#</a>INTRODUCTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THE-KEEPERS-OF-THE-PUMPKIN"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-KEEPERS-OF-THE-PUMPKIN">#</a><a id="THE5"></a>THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="PUMPKIN?"><a class="permalink" href="#PUMPKIN?">#</a><a id="PUMPKIN"></a>PUMPKIN?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="THE-RECORDS"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-RECORDS">#</a><a id="THE6"></a>THE RECORDS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="SELECTED-RELEASE-SIZES"><a class="permalink" href="#SELECTED-RELEASE-SIZES">#</a><a id="SELECTED"></a>SELECTED RELEASE SIZES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SELECTED-PATCH-SIZES"><a class="permalink" href="#SELECTED-PATCH-SIZES">#</a><a id="SELECTED1"></a>SELECTED PATCH SIZES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="THE-KEEPERS-OF-THE-RECORDS"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-KEEPERS-OF-THE-RECORDS">#</a><a id="THE7"></a>THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h1 id="PRAGMA-DOCUMENTATION"><a class="permalink" href="#PRAGMA-DOCUMENTATION">#</a><a id="PRAGMA"></a>PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION</h1> <h2 id="attrs-set/get-attributes-of-a-subroutine"><a class="permalink" href="#attrs-set/get-attributes-of-a-subroutine">#</a><a id="attrs"></a><a id="attrs---set-get-attributes-of-a-subroutine"></a>attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS6"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS6">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION49"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION49">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>method, locked</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="re-Perl-pragma-to-alter-regular-expression-behaviour"><a class="permalink" href="#re-Perl-pragma-to-alter-regular-expression-behaviour">#</a><a id="re"></a><a id="re---Perl-pragma-to-alter-regular-expression-behaviour"></a>re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS7"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS7">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION50"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION50">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="autouse-postpone-load-of-modules-until-a-function-is-used"><a class="permalink" href="#autouse-postpone-load-of-modules-until-a-function-is-used">#</a><a id="autouse"></a><a id="autouse---postpone-load-of-modules-until-a-function-is-used"></a>autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS8"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS8">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION51"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION51">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING4"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING4">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR10"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR10">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO17"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO17">#</a><a id="SEE17"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="base-Establish-IS-A-relationship-with-base-class-at-compile-time"><a class="permalink" href="#base-Establish-IS-A-relationship-with-base-class-at-compile-time">#</a><a id="base"></a><a id="base---Establish-IS-A-relationship-with-base-class-at-compile-time"></a>base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS9"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS9">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION52"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION52">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO18"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO18">#</a><a id="SEE18"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="blib-Use-MakeMaker's-uninstalled-version-of-a-package"><a class="permalink" href="#blib-Use-MakeMaker's-uninstalled-version-of-a-package">#</a><a id="blib"></a><a id="blib---Use-MakeMakers-uninstalled-version-of-a-package"></a>blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS10"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS10">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION53"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION53">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS6"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS6">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR11"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR11">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="constant-Perl-pragma-to-declare-constants"><a class="permalink" href="#constant-Perl-pragma-to-declare-constants">#</a><a id="constant"></a><a id="constant---Perl-pragma-to-declare-constants"></a>constant - Perl pragma to declare constants</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS11"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS11">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION54"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION54">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTES5"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES5">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="TECHNICAL-NOTE"><a class="permalink" href="#TECHNICAL-NOTE">#</a><a id="TECHNICAL"></a>TECHNICAL NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS7"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS7">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR12"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR12">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT3"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT3">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="diagnostics-Perl-compiler-pragma-to-force-verbose-warning-diagnostics"><a class="permalink" href="#diagnostics-Perl-compiler-pragma-to-force-verbose-warning-diagnostics">#</a><a id="diagnostics"></a><a id="diagnostics---Perl-compiler-pragma-to-force-verbose-warning-diagnostics"></a>diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS12"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS12">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION55"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION55">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="The-diagnostics-Pragma"><a class="permalink" href="#The-diagnostics-Pragma">#</a><a id="The36"></a>The <code>diagnostics</code> Pragma</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-splain-Program"><a class="permalink" href="#The-splain-Program">#</a><a id="The37"></a>The <i>splain</i> Program</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES2"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES2">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INTERNALS"><a class="permalink" href="#INTERNALS">#</a>INTERNALS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS8"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS8">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR13"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR13">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="fields-compile-time-class-fields"><a class="permalink" href="#fields-compile-time-class-fields">#</a><a id="fields"></a><a id="fields---compile-time-class-fields"></a>fields - compile-time class fields</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS13"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS13">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION56"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION56">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO19"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO19">#</a><a id="SEE19"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="integer-Perl-pragma-to-compute-arithmetic-in-integer-instead-of-double"><a class="permalink" href="#integer-Perl-pragma-to-compute-arithmetic-in-integer-instead-of-double">#</a><a id="integer"></a><a id="integer---Perl-pragma-to-compute-arithmetic-in-integer-instead-of-double"></a>integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS14"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS14">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION57"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION57">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="less-perl-pragma-to-request-less-of-something-from-the-compiler"><a class="permalink" href="#less-perl-pragma-to-request-less-of-something-from-the-compiler">#</a><a id="less"></a><a id="less---perl-pragma-to-request-less-of-something-from-the-compiler"></a>less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS15"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS15">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION58"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION58">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="lib-manipulate-@INC-at-compile-time"><a class="permalink" href="#lib-manipulate-@INC-at-compile-time">#</a><a id="lib"></a><a id="lib---manipulate-INC-at-compile-time"></a>lib - manipulate @INC at compile time</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS16"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS16">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION59"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION59">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="ADDING-DIRECTORIES-TO-@INC"><a class="permalink" href="#ADDING-DIRECTORIES-TO-@INC">#</a><a id="ADDING"></a><a id="ADDING-DIRECTORIES-TO-INC"></a>ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DELETING-DIRECTORIES-FROM-@INC"><a class="permalink" href="#DELETING-DIRECTORIES-FROM-@INC">#</a><a id="DELETING"></a><a id="DELETING-DIRECTORIES-FROM-INC"></a>DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="RESTORING-ORIGINAL-@INC"><a class="permalink" href="#RESTORING-ORIGINAL-@INC">#</a><a id="RESTORING"></a><a id="RESTORING-ORIGINAL-INC"></a>RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO20"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO20">#</a><a id="SEE20"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR14"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR14">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="locale-Perl-pragma-to-use-and-avoid-POSIX-locales-for-built-in-operations"><a class="permalink" href="#locale-Perl-pragma-to-use-and-avoid-POSIX-locales-for-built-in-operations">#</a><a id="locale"></a><a id="locale---Perl-pragma-to-use-and-avoid-POSIX-locales-for-built-in-operations"></a>locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS17"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS17">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION60"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION60">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="overload-Package-for-overloading-perl-operations"><a class="permalink" href="#overload-Package-for-overloading-perl-operations">#</a><a id="overload"></a><a id="overload---Package-for-overloading-perl-operations"></a>overload - Package for overloading perl operations</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS18"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS18">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEAT-SCRIPTOR"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEAT-SCRIPTOR">#</a><a id="CAVEAT1"></a>CAVEAT SCRIPTOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION61"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION61">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Declaration-of-overloaded-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Declaration-of-overloaded-functions">#</a><a id="Declaration7"></a>Declaration of overloaded functions</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Calling-Conventions-for-Binary-Operations"><a class="permalink" href="#Calling-Conventions-for-Binary-Operations">#</a><a id="Calling2"></a>Calling Conventions for Binary Operations</dt> <dd> <p>FALSE, TRUE, <code>undef</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Calling-Conventions-for-Unary-Operations"><a class="permalink" href="#Calling-Conventions-for-Unary-Operations">#</a><a id="Calling3"></a>Calling Conventions for Unary Operations</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Overloadable-Operations"><a class="permalink" href="#Overloadable-Operations">#</a><a id="Overloadable"></a>Overloadable Operations</dt> <dd> <p><i>Arithmetic operations</i>, <i>Comparison operations</i>, <i>Bit operations</i>, <i>Increment and decrement</i>, <i>Transcendental functions</i>, <i>Boolean, string and numeric conversion</i>, <i>Special</i></p> </dd> <dt id="Inheritance-and-overloading"><a class="permalink" href="#Inheritance-and-overloading">#</a><a id="Inheritance1"></a>Inheritance and overloading</dt> <dd> <p>Strings as values of <code>use overload</code> directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SPECIAL-SYMBOLS-FOR-use-overload"><a class="permalink" href="#SPECIAL-SYMBOLS-FOR-use-overload">#</a><a id="SPECIAL"></a>SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR <code>use overload</code></dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Last-Resort"><a class="permalink" href="#Last-Resort">#</a><a id="Last1"></a>Last Resort</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Fallback"><a class="permalink" href="#Fallback">#</a>Fallback</dt> <dd> <p><code>undef</code>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE</p> </dd> <dt id="Copy-Constructor"><a class="permalink" href="#Copy-Constructor">#</a><a id="Copy"></a>Copy Constructor</dt> <dd> <p><b>Example</b></p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="MAGIC-AUTOGENERATION"><a class="permalink" href="#MAGIC-AUTOGENERATION">#</a><a id="MAGIC"></a>MAGIC AUTOGENERATION</dt> <dd> <p><i>Assignment forms of arithmetic operations</i>, <i>Conversion operations</i>, <i>Increment and decrement</i>, <code>abs($a)</code>, <i>Unary minus</i>, <i>Negation</i>, <i>Concatenation</i>, <i>Comparison operations</i>, <i>Copy operator</i></p> </dd> <dt id="WARNING5"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING5">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Run-time-Overloading"><a class="permalink" href="#Run-time-Overloading">#</a><a id="Run1"></a>Run-time Overloading</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Public-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Public-functions">#</a><a id="Public"></a>Public functions</dt> <dd> <p>overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)</p> </dd> <dt id="Overloading-constants"><a class="permalink" href="#Overloading-constants">#</a><a id="Overloading"></a>Overloading constants</dt> <dd> <p>integer, float, binary, q, qr</p> </dd> <dt id="IMPLEMENTATION"><a class="permalink" href="#IMPLEMENTATION">#</a>IMPLEMENTATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR15"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR15">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DIAGNOSTICS1"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS1">#</a>DIAGNOSTICS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS9"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS9">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="sigtrap-Perl-pragma-to-enable-simple-signal-handling"><a class="permalink" href="#sigtrap-Perl-pragma-to-enable-simple-signal-handling">#</a><a id="sigtrap"></a><a id="sigtrap---Perl-pragma-to-enable-simple-signal-handling"></a>sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS19"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS19">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION62"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION62">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS">#</a>OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="SIGNAL-HANDLERS"><a class="permalink" href="#SIGNAL-HANDLERS">#</a><a id="SIGNAL1"></a>SIGNAL HANDLERS</dt> <dd> <p><b>stack-trace</b>, <b>die</b>, <b>handler</b> <i>your-handler</i></p> </dd> <dt id="SIGNAL-LISTS"><a class="permalink" href="#SIGNAL-LISTS">#</a><a id="SIGNAL2"></a>SIGNAL LISTS</dt> <dd> <p><b>normal-signals</b>, <b>error-signals</b>, <b>old-interface-signals</b></p> </dd> <dt id="OTHER"><a class="permalink" href="#OTHER">#</a>OTHER</dt> <dd> <p><b>untrapped</b>, <b>any</b>, <i>signal</i>, <i>number</i></p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES3"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES3">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="strict-Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-constructs"><a class="permalink" href="#strict-Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-constructs">#</a><a id="strict"></a><a id="strict---Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-constructs"></a>strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS20"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS20">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION63"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION63">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p><code>strict refs</code>, <code>strict vars</code>, <code>strict subs</code></p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="subs-Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-sub-names"><a class="permalink" href="#subs-Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-sub-names">#</a><a id="subs"></a><a id="subs---Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-sub-names"></a>subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS21"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS21">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION64"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION64">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="vars-Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-global-variable-names"><a class="permalink" href="#vars-Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-global-variable-names">#</a><a id="vars"></a><a id="vars---Perl-pragma-to-predeclare-global-variable-names"></a>vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS22"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS22">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION65"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION65">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h1 id="MODULE-DOCUMENTATION"><a class="permalink" href="#MODULE-DOCUMENTATION">#</a><a id="MODULE"></a>MODULE DOCUMENTATION</h1> <h2 id="AnyDBM_File-provide-framework-for-multiple-DBMs"><a class="permalink" href="#AnyDBM_File-provide-framework-for-multiple-DBMs">#</a><a id="AnyDBM_File"></a><a id="AnyDBM_File---provide-framework-for-multiple-DBMs"></a>AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS23"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS23">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION66"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION66">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="DBM-Comparisons"><a class="permalink" href="#DBM-Comparisons">#</a><a id="DBM1"></a>DBM Comparisons</dt> <dd> <p>[0], [1], [2], [3]</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO21"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO21">#</a><a id="SEE21"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="AutoLoader-load-subroutines-only-on-demand"><a class="permalink" href="#AutoLoader-load-subroutines-only-on-demand">#</a><a id="AutoLoader"></a><a id="AutoLoader---load-subroutines-only-on-demand"></a>AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS24"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS24">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION67"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION67">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Subroutine-Stubs"><a class="permalink" href="#Subroutine-Stubs">#</a><a id="Subroutine1"></a>Subroutine Stubs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-AutoLoader's-AUTOLOAD-Subroutine"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-AutoLoader's-AUTOLOAD-Subroutine">#</a><a id="Using12"></a><a id="Using-AutoLoaders-AUTOLOAD-Subroutine"></a>Using <b>AutoLoader</b>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Overriding-AutoLoader's-AUTOLOAD-Subroutine"><a class="permalink" href="#Overriding-AutoLoader's-AUTOLOAD-Subroutine">#</a><a id="Overriding1"></a><a id="Overriding-AutoLoaders-AUTOLOAD-Subroutine"></a>Overriding <b>AutoLoader</b>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Package-Lexicals"><a class="permalink" href="#Package-Lexicals">#</a><a id="Package1"></a>Package Lexicals</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AutoLoader-vs.-SelfLoader"><a class="permalink" href="#AutoLoader-vs.-SelfLoader">#</a><a id="AutoLoader1"></a><b>AutoLoader</b> vs. <b>SelfLoader</b></dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO22"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO22">#</a><a id="SEE22"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="AutoSplit-split-a-package-for-autoloading"><a class="permalink" href="#AutoSplit-split-a-package-for-autoloading">#</a><a id="AutoSplit"></a><a id="AutoSplit---split-a-package-for-autoloading"></a>AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS25"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS25">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION68"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION68">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>$keep, $check, $modtime</p> <dl> <dt id="Multiple-packages"><a class="permalink" href="#Multiple-packages">#</a><a id="Multiple1"></a>Multiple packages</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="DIAGNOSTICS2"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS2">#</a>DIAGNOSTICS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B-The-Perl-Compiler"><a class="permalink" href="#B-The-Perl-Compiler">#</a><a id="B"></a><a id="B---The-Perl-Compiler"></a>B - The Perl Compiler</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS26"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS26">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION69"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION69">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OVERVIEW-OF-CLASSES"><a class="permalink" href="#OVERVIEW-OF-CLASSES">#</a><a id="OVERVIEW"></a>OVERVIEW OF CLASSES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="SV-RELATED-CLASSES"><a class="permalink" href="#SV-RELATED-CLASSES">#</a><a id="SV"></a>SV-RELATED CLASSES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="B::SV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::SV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B1"></a>B::SV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>REFCNT, FLAGS</p> </dd> <dt id="B::IV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::IV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B2"></a>B::IV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv</p> </dd> <dt id="B::NV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::NV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B3"></a>B::NV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>NV, NVX</p> </dd> <dt id="B::RV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::RV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B4"></a>B::RV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>RV</p> </dd> <dt id="B::PV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::PV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B5"></a>B::PV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>PV</p> </dd> <dt id="B::PVMG-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::PVMG-METHODS">#</a><a id="B6"></a>B::PVMG METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>MAGIC, SvSTASH</p> </dd> <dt id="B::MAGIC-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::MAGIC-METHODS">#</a><a id="B7"></a>B::MAGIC METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR</p> </dd> <dt id="B::PVLV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::PVLV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B8"></a>B::PVLV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG</p> </dd> <dt id="B::BM-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::BM-METHODS">#</a><a id="B9"></a>B::BM METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE</p> </dd> <dt id="B::GV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::GV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B10"></a>B::GV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS</p> </dd> <dt id="B::IO-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::IO-METHODS">#</a><a id="B11"></a>B::IO METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS</p> </dd> <dt id="B::AV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::AV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B12"></a>B::AV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS</p> </dd> <dt id="B::CV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::CV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B13"></a>B::CV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY</p> </dd> <dt id="B::HV-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::HV-METHODS">#</a><a id="B14"></a>B::HV METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY</p> </dd> <dt id="OP-RELATED-CLASSES"><a class="permalink" href="#OP-RELATED-CLASSES">#</a><a id="OP"></a>OP-RELATED CLASSES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="B::OP-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::OP-METHODS">#</a><a id="B15"></a>B::OP METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>next, sibling, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private</p> </dd> <dt id="B::UNOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::UNOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B16"></a>B::UNOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>first</p> </dd> <dt id="B::BINOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::BINOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B17"></a>B::BINOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>last</p> </dd> <dt id="B::LOGOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::LOGOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B18"></a>B::LOGOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>other</p> </dd> <dt id="B::CONDOP-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::CONDOP-METHODS">#</a><a id="B19"></a>B::CONDOP METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>true, false</p> </dd> <dt id="B::LISTOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::LISTOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B20"></a>B::LISTOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>children</p> </dd> <dt id="B::PMOP-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::PMOP-METHODS">#</a><a id="B21"></a>B::PMOP METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp</p> </dd> <dt id="B::SVOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::SVOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B22"></a>B::SVOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>sv</p> </dd> <dt id="B::GVOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::GVOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B23"></a>B::GVOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>gv</p> </dd> <dt id="B::PVOP-METHOD"><a class="permalink" href="#B::PVOP-METHOD">#</a><a id="B24"></a>B::PVOP METHOD</dt> <dd> <p>pv</p> </dd> <dt id="B::LOOP-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::LOOP-METHODS">#</a><a id="B25"></a>B::LOOP METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>redoop, nextop, lastop</p> </dd> <dt id="B::COP-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#B::COP-METHODS">#</a><a id="B26"></a>B::COP METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>label, stash, filegv, cop_seq, arybase, line</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS-EXPORTED-BY-B"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS-EXPORTED-BY-B">#</a><a id="FUNCTIONS5"></a>FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY <code>B</code></dt> <dd> <p>main_cv, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names, byteload_fh(FILEHANDLE)</p> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR16"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR16">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Asmdata-Autogenerated-data-about-Perl-ops,-used-to-generate-bytecode"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Asmdata-Autogenerated-data-about-Perl-ops,-used-to-generate-bytecode">#</a><a id="B27"></a><a id="B::Asmdata---Autogenerated-data-about-Perl-ops-used-to-generate-bytecode"></a>B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS27"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS27">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION70"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION70">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR17"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR17">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Assembler-Assemble-Perl-bytecode"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Assembler-Assemble-Perl-bytecode">#</a><a id="B28"></a><a id="B::Assembler---Assemble-Perl-bytecode"></a>B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS28"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS28">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION71"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION71">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR18"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR18">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Bblock-Walk-basic-blocks"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Bblock-Walk-basic-blocks">#</a><a id="B29"></a><a id="B::Bblock---Walk-basic-blocks"></a>B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS29"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS29">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION72"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION72">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR19"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR19">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Bytecode-Perl-compiler's-bytecode-backend"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Bytecode-Perl-compiler's-bytecode-backend">#</a><a id="B30"></a><a id="B::Bytecode---Perl-compilers-bytecode-backend"></a>B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS30"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS30">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION73"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION73">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS1"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS1">#</a>OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>-ofilename</b>, <b>--</b>, <b>-f</b>, <b>-fcompress-nullops</b>, <b>-fomit-sequence-numbers</b>, <b>-fbypass-nullops</b>, <b>-fstrip-syntax-tree</b>, <b>-On</b>, <b>-D</b>, <b>-Do</b>, <b>-Db</b>, <b>-Da</b>, <b>-DC</b>, <b>-S</b>, <b>-m</b></p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS10"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS10">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR20"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR20">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::C-Perl-compiler's-C-backend"><a class="permalink" href="#B::C-Perl-compiler's-C-backend">#</a><a id="B31"></a><a id="B::C---Perl-compilers-C-backend"></a>B::C - Perl compiler's C backend</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS31"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS31">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION74"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION74">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS2"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS2">#</a>OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>-ofilename</b>, <b>-v</b>, <b>--</b>, <b>-uPackname</b>, <b>-D</b>, <b>-Do</b>, <b>-Dc</b>, <b>-DA</b>, <b>-DC</b>, <b>-DM</b>, <b>-f</b>, <b>-fcog</b>, <b>-fno-cog</b>, <b>-On</b></p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES4"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES4">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS11"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS11">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR21"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR21">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::CC-Perl-compiler's-optimized-C-translation-backend"><a class="permalink" href="#B::CC-Perl-compiler's-optimized-C-translation-backend">#</a><a id="B32"></a><a id="B::CC---Perl-compilers-optimized-C-translation-backend"></a>B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS32"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS32">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION75"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION75">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS3"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS3">#</a>OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>-ofilename</b>, <b>-v</b>, <b>--</b>, <b>-uPackname</b>, <b>-mModulename</b>, <b>-D</b>, <b>-Dr</b>, <b>-DO</b>, <b>-Ds</b>, <b>-Dp</b>, <b>-Dq</b>, <b>-Dl</b>, <b>-Dt</b>, <b>-f</b>, <b>-ffreetmps-each-bblock</b>, <b>-ffreetmps-each-loop</b>, <b>-fomit-taint</b>, <b>-On</b></p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES5"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES5">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS12"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS12">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DIFFERENCES"><a class="permalink" href="#DIFFERENCES">#</a>DIFFERENCES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Loops"><a class="permalink" href="#Loops">#</a>Loops</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Context-of-"..""><a class="permalink" href="#Context-of-%22..%22">#</a><a id="Context2"></a><a id="Context-of"></a>Context of ".."</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Arithmetic"><a class="permalink" href="#Arithmetic">#</a>Arithmetic</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Deprecated-features"><a class="permalink" href="#Deprecated-features">#</a><a id="Deprecated"></a>Deprecated features</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR22"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR22">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Debug-Walk-Perl-syntax-tree,-printing-debug-info-about-ops"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Debug-Walk-Perl-syntax-tree,-printing-debug-info-about-ops">#</a><a id="B33"></a><a id="B::Debug---Walk-Perl-syntax-tree-printing-debug-info-about-ops"></a>B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS33"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS33">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION76"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION76">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR23"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR23">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Deparse-Perl-compiler-backend-to-produce-perl-code"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Deparse-Perl-compiler-backend-to-produce-perl-code">#</a><a id="B34"></a><a id="B::Deparse---Perl-compiler-backend-to-produce-perl-code"></a>B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS34"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS34">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION77"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION77">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS4"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS4">#</a>OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>-p</b>, <b>-u</b><i>PACKAGE</i>, <b>-l</b>, <b>-s</b><i>LETTERS</i>, <b>C</b></p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS13"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS13">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR24"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR24">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Disassembler-Disassemble-Perl-bytecode"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Disassembler-Disassemble-Perl-bytecode">#</a><a id="B35"></a><a id="B::Disassembler---Disassemble-Perl-bytecode"></a>B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS35"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS35">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION78"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION78">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR25"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR25">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Lint-Perl-lint"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Lint-Perl-lint">#</a><a id="B36"></a><a id="B::Lint---Perl-lint"></a>B::Lint - Perl lint</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS36"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS36">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION79"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION79">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS-AND-LINT-CHECKS"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS-AND-LINT-CHECKS">#</a><a id="OPTIONS6"></a>OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS</dt> <dd> <p><b>context</b>, <b>implicit-read</b> and <b>implicit-write</b>, <b>dollar-underscore</b>, <b>private-names</b>, <b>undefined-subs</b>, <b>regexp-variables</b>, <b>all</b>, <b>none</b></p> </dd> <dt id="NON-LINT-CHECK-OPTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#NON-LINT-CHECK-OPTIONS">#</a><a id="NON"></a>NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>-u Package</b></p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS14"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS14">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR26"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR26">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::O,-O-Generic-interface-to-Perl-Compiler-backends"><a class="permalink" href="#B::O,-O-Generic-interface-to-Perl-Compiler-backends">#</a><a id="B37"></a><a id="B::O-O---Generic-interface-to-Perl-Compiler-backends"></a>B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS37"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS37">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION80"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION80">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONVENTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#CONVENTIONS">#</a>CONVENTIONS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="IMPLEMENTATION1"><a class="permalink" href="#IMPLEMENTATION1">#</a>IMPLEMENTATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR27"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR27">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Showlex-Show-lexical-variables-used-in-functions-or-files"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Showlex-Show-lexical-variables-used-in-functions-or-files">#</a><a id="B38"></a><a id="B::Showlex---Show-lexical-variables-used-in-functions-or-files"></a>B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS38"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS38">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION81"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION81">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR28"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR28">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Stackobj-Helper-module-for-CC-backend"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Stackobj-Helper-module-for-CC-backend">#</a><a id="B39"></a><a id="B::Stackobj---Helper-module-for-CC-backend"></a>B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS39"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS39">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION82"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION82">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR29"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR29">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Terse-Walk-Perl-syntax-tree,-printing-terse-info-about-ops"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Terse-Walk-Perl-syntax-tree,-printing-terse-info-about-ops">#</a><a id="B40"></a><a id="B::Terse---Walk-Perl-syntax-tree-printing-terse-info-about-ops"></a>B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS40"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS40">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION83"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION83">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR30"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR30">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="B::Xref-Generates-cross-reference-reports-for-Perl-programs"><a class="permalink" href="#B::Xref-Generates-cross-reference-reports-for-Perl-programs">#</a><a id="B41"></a><a id="B::Xref---Generates-cross-reference-reports-for-Perl-programs"></a>B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS41"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS41">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION84"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION84">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPTIONS5"><a class="permalink" href="#OPTIONS5">#</a>OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><code>-oFILENAME</code>, <code>-r</code>, <code>-D[tO]</code></p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS15"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS15">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR31"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR31">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Benchmark-benchmark-running-times-of-code"><a class="permalink" href="#Benchmark-benchmark-running-times-of-code">#</a><a id="Benchmark"></a><a id="Benchmark---benchmark-running-times-of-code"></a>Benchmark - benchmark running times of code</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS42"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS42">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION85"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION85">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods">#</a>Methods</dt> <dd> <p>new, debug</p> </dd> <dt id="Standard-Exports"><a class="permalink" href="#Standard-Exports">#</a><a id="Standard2"></a>Standard Exports</dt> <dd> <p>timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )</p> </dd> <dt id="Optional-Exports"><a class="permalink" href="#Optional-Exports">#</a><a id="Optional"></a>Optional Exports</dt> <dd> <p>clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="NOTES6"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES6">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INHERITANCE"><a class="permalink" href="#INHERITANCE">#</a>INHERITANCE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS1"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS1">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS1"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS1">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="MODIFICATION-HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#MODIFICATION-HISTORY">#</a><a id="MODIFICATION"></a>MODIFICATION HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI-Simple-Common-Gateway-Interface-Class"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI-Simple-Common-Gateway-Interface-Class">#</a><a id="CGI"></a><a id="CGI---Simple-Common-Gateway-Interface-Class"></a>CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS43"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS43">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="ABSTRACT"><a class="permalink" href="#ABSTRACT">#</a>ABSTRACT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION86"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION86">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="PROGRAMMING-STYLE"><a class="permalink" href="#PROGRAMMING-STYLE">#</a><a id="PROGRAMMING"></a>PROGRAMMING STYLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CALLING-CGI.PM-ROUTINES"><a class="permalink" href="#CALLING-CGI.PM-ROUTINES">#</a><a id="CALLING"></a>CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES</dt> <dd> <p>1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample, -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'</p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-NEW-QUERY-OBJECT-(OBJECT-ORIENTED-STYLE):"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-NEW-QUERY-OBJECT-(OBJECT-ORIENTED-STYLE):">#</a><a id="CREATING"></a><a id="CREATING-A-NEW-QUERY-OBJECT-OBJECT-ORIENTED-STYLE"></a>CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-NEW-QUERY-OBJECT-FROM-AN-INPUT-FILE"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-NEW-QUERY-OBJECT-FROM-AN-INPUT-FILE">#</a><a id="CREATING1"></a>CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FETCHING-A-LIST-OF-KEYWORDS-FROM-THE-QUERY:"><a class="permalink" href="#FETCHING-A-LIST-OF-KEYWORDS-FROM-THE-QUERY:">#</a><a id="FETCHING"></a><a id="FETCHING-A-LIST-OF-KEYWORDS-FROM-THE-QUERY"></a>FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FETCHING-THE-NAMES-OF-ALL-THE-PARAMETERS-PASSED-TO-YOUR-SCRIPT:"><a class="permalink" href="#FETCHING-THE-NAMES-OF-ALL-THE-PARAMETERS-PASSED-TO-YOUR-SCRIPT:">#</a><a id="FETCHING1"></a><a id="FETCHING-THE-NAMES-OF-ALL-THE-PARAMETERS-PASSED-TO-YOUR-SCRIPT"></a>FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FETCHING-THE-VALUE-OR-VALUES-OF-A-SINGLE-NAMED-PARAMETER:"><a class="permalink" href="#FETCHING-THE-VALUE-OR-VALUES-OF-A-SINGLE-NAMED-PARAMETER:">#</a><a id="FETCHING2"></a><a id="FETCHING-THE-VALUE-OR-VALUES-OF-A-SINGLE-NAMED-PARAMETER"></a>FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SETTING-THE-VALUE(S)-OF-A-NAMED-PARAMETER:"><a class="permalink" href="#SETTING-THE-VALUE(S)-OF-A-NAMED-PARAMETER:">#</a><a id="SETTING"></a><a id="SETTING-THE-VALUE-S-OF-A-NAMED-PARAMETER"></a>SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="APPENDING-ADDITIONAL-VALUES-TO-A-NAMED-PARAMETER:"><a class="permalink" href="#APPENDING-ADDITIONAL-VALUES-TO-A-NAMED-PARAMETER:">#</a><a id="APPENDING"></a><a id="APPENDING-ADDITIONAL-VALUES-TO-A-NAMED-PARAMETER"></a>APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="IMPORTING-ALL-PARAMETERS-INTO-A-NAMESPACE:"><a class="permalink" href="#IMPORTING-ALL-PARAMETERS-INTO-A-NAMESPACE:">#</a><a id="IMPORTING"></a><a id="IMPORTING-ALL-PARAMETERS-INTO-A-NAMESPACE"></a>IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DELETING-A-PARAMETER-COMPLETELY:"><a class="permalink" href="#DELETING-A-PARAMETER-COMPLETELY:">#</a><a id="DELETING1"></a><a id="DELETING-A-PARAMETER-COMPLETELY"></a>DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DELETING-ALL-PARAMETERS:"><a class="permalink" href="#DELETING-ALL-PARAMETERS:">#</a><a id="DELETING2"></a><a id="DELETING-ALL-PARAMETERS"></a>DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DIRECT-ACCESS-TO-THE-PARAMETER-LIST:"><a class="permalink" href="#DIRECT-ACCESS-TO-THE-PARAMETER-LIST:">#</a><a id="DIRECT"></a><a id="DIRECT-ACCESS-TO-THE-PARAMETER-LIST"></a>DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SAVING-THE-STATE-OF-THE-SCRIPT-TO-A-FILE:"><a class="permalink" href="#SAVING-THE-STATE-OF-THE-SCRIPT-TO-A-FILE:">#</a><a id="SAVING"></a><a id="SAVING-THE-STATE-OF-THE-SCRIPT-TO-A-FILE"></a>SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USING-THE-FUNCTION-ORIENTED-INTERFACE"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-THE-FUNCTION-ORIENTED-INTERFACE">#</a><a id="USING2"></a>USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE</dt> <dd> <p><b>:cgi</b>, <b>:form</b>, <b>:html2</b>, <b>:html3</b>, <b>:netscape</b>, <b>:html</b>, <b>:standard</b>, <b>:all</b></p> </dd> <dt id="PRAGMAS"><a class="permalink" href="#PRAGMAS">#</a>PRAGMAS</dt> <dd> <p>-any, -compile, -nph, -autoload, -no_debug, -private_tempfiles</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="GENERATING-DYNAMIC-DOCUMENTS"><a class="permalink" href="#GENERATING-DYNAMIC-DOCUMENTS">#</a><a id="GENERATING"></a>GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="CREATING-A-STANDARD-HTTP-HEADER:"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-STANDARD-HTTP-HEADER:">#</a><a id="CREATING2"></a><a id="CREATING-A-STANDARD-HTTP-HEADER"></a>CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="GENERATING-A-REDIRECTION-HEADER"><a class="permalink" href="#GENERATING-A-REDIRECTION-HEADER">#</a><a id="GENERATING1"></a>GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-THE-HTML-DOCUMENT-HEADER"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-THE-HTML-DOCUMENT-HEADER">#</a><a id="CREATING3"></a>CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b>, 4, 5, 6..</p> </dd> <dt id="ENDING-THE-HTML-DOCUMENT:"><a class="permalink" href="#ENDING-THE-HTML-DOCUMENT:">#</a><a id="ENDING"></a><a id="ENDING-THE-HTML-DOCUMENT"></a>ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-SELF-REFERENCING-URL-THAT-PRESERVES-STATE-INFORMATION:"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-SELF-REFERENCING-URL-THAT-PRESERVES-STATE-INFORMATION:">#</a><a id="CREATING4"></a><a id="CREATING-A-SELF-REFERENCING-URL-THAT-PRESERVES-STATE-INFORMATION"></a>CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OBTAINING-THE-SCRIPT'S-URL"><a class="permalink" href="#OBTAINING-THE-SCRIPT'S-URL">#</a><a id="OBTAINING"></a><a id="OBTAINING-THE-SCRIPTS-URL"></a>OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL</dt> <dd> <p><b>-absolute</b>, <b>-relative</b>, <b>-full</b>, <b>-path</b> (<b>-path_info</b>), <b>-query</b> (<b>-query_string</b>)</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-STANDARD-HTML-ELEMENTS:"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-STANDARD-HTML-ELEMENTS:">#</a><a id="CREATING5"></a><a id="CREATING-STANDARD-HTML-ELEMENTS"></a>CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="PROVIDING-ARGUMENTS-TO-HTML-SHORTCUTS"><a class="permalink" href="#PROVIDING-ARGUMENTS-TO-HTML-SHORTCUTS">#</a><a id="PROVIDING"></a>PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="THE-DISTRIBUTIVE-PROPERTY-OF-HTML-SHORTCUTS"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-DISTRIBUTIVE-PROPERTY-OF-HTML-SHORTCUTS">#</a><a id="THE8"></a>THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HTML-SHORTCUTS-AND-LIST-INTERPOLATION"><a class="permalink" href="#HTML-SHORTCUTS-AND-LIST-INTERPOLATION">#</a><a id="HTML"></a>HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NON-STANDARD-HTML-SHORTCUTS"><a class="permalink" href="#NON-STANDARD-HTML-SHORTCUTS">#</a><a id="NON1"></a>NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-FILL-OUT-FORMS:"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-FILL-OUT-FORMS:">#</a><a id="CREATING6"></a><a id="CREATING-FILL-OUT-FORMS"></a>CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="CREATING-AN-ISINDEX-TAG"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-AN-ISINDEX-TAG">#</a><a id="CREATING7"></a>CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="STARTING-AND-ENDING-A-FORM"><a class="permalink" href="#STARTING-AND-ENDING-A-FORM">#</a><a id="STARTING"></a>STARTING AND ENDING A FORM</dt> <dd> <p><b>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</b>, <b>multipart/form-data</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-TEXT-FIELD"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-TEXT-FIELD">#</a><a id="CREATING8"></a>CREATING A TEXT FIELD</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-BIG-TEXT-FIELD"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-BIG-TEXT-FIELD">#</a><a id="CREATING9"></a>CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-PASSWORD-FIELD"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-PASSWORD-FIELD">#</a><a id="CREATING10"></a>CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-FILE-UPLOAD-FIELD"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-FILE-UPLOAD-FIELD">#</a><a id="CREATING11"></a>CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-POPUP-MENU"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-POPUP-MENU">#</a><a id="CREATING12"></a>CREATING A POPUP MENU</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-SCROLLING-LIST"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-SCROLLING-LIST">#</a><a id="CREATING13"></a>CREATING A SCROLLING LIST</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-GROUP-OF-RELATED-CHECKBOXES"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-GROUP-OF-RELATED-CHECKBOXES">#</a><a id="CREATING14"></a>CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-STANDALONE-CHECKBOX"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-STANDALONE-CHECKBOX">#</a><a id="CREATING15"></a>CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-RADIO-BUTTON-GROUP"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-RADIO-BUTTON-GROUP">#</a><a id="CREATING16"></a>CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-SUBMIT-BUTTON"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-SUBMIT-BUTTON">#</a><a id="CREATING17"></a>CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-RESET-BUTTON"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-RESET-BUTTON">#</a><a id="CREATING18"></a>CREATING A RESET BUTTON</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-DEFAULT-BUTTON"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-DEFAULT-BUTTON">#</a><a id="CREATING19"></a>CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-HIDDEN-FIELD"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-HIDDEN-FIELD">#</a><a id="CREATING20"></a>CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b></p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-CLICKABLE-IMAGE-BUTTON"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-CLICKABLE-IMAGE-BUTTON">#</a><a id="CREATING21"></a>CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON</dt> <dd> <p><b>Parameters:</b>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE</p> </dd> <dt id="CREATING-A-JAVASCRIPT-ACTION-BUTTON"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATING-A-JAVASCRIPT-ACTION-BUTTON">#</a><a id="CREATING22"></a>CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="NETSCAPE-COOKIES"><a class="permalink" href="#NETSCAPE-COOKIES">#</a><a id="NETSCAPE"></a>NETSCAPE COOKIES</dt> <dd> <p>1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, <b>-name</b>, <b>-value</b>, <b>-path</b>, <b>-domain</b>, <b>-expires</b>, <b>-secure</b></p> </dd> <dt id="WORKING-WITH-NETSCAPE-FRAMES"><a class="permalink" href="#WORKING-WITH-NETSCAPE-FRAMES">#</a><a id="WORKING"></a>WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES</dt> <dd> <p>1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag</p> </dd> <dt id="LIMITED-SUPPORT-FOR-CASCADING-STYLE-SHEETS"><a class="permalink" href="#LIMITED-SUPPORT-FOR-CASCADING-STYLE-SHEETS">#</a><a id="LIMITED"></a>LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DEBUGGING1"><a class="permalink" href="#DEBUGGING1">#</a>DEBUGGING</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="DUMPING-OUT-ALL-THE-NAME/VALUE-PAIRS"><a class="permalink" href="#DUMPING-OUT-ALL-THE-NAME/VALUE-PAIRS">#</a><a id="DUMPING"></a><a id="DUMPING-OUT-ALL-THE-NAME-VALUE-PAIRS"></a>DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="FETCHING-ENVIRONMENT-VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#FETCHING-ENVIRONMENT-VARIABLES">#</a><a id="FETCHING3"></a>FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</dt> <dd> <p><b>accept()</b>, <b>raw_cookie()</b>, <b>user_agent()</b>, <b>path_info()</b>, <b>path_translated()</b>, <b>remote_host()</b>, <b>script_name()</b>Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, <b>referer()</b>, <b>auth_type ()</b>, <b>server_name ()</b>, <b>virtual_host ()</b>, <b>server_software ()</b>, <b>remote_user ()</b>, <b>user_name ()</b>, <b>request_method()</b></p> </dd> <dt id="USING-NPH-SCRIPTS"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-NPH-SCRIPTS">#</a><a id="USING3"></a>USING NPH SCRIPTS</dt> <dd> <p>In the <b>use</b> statement, By calling the <b>nph()</b> method:, By using <b>-nph</b> parameters in the <b>header()</b> and <b>redirect()</b> statements:</p> </dd> <dt id="Server-Push"><a class="permalink" href="#Server-Push">#</a><a id="Server"></a>Server Push</dt> <dd> <p>multipart_init() multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end()</p> </dd> <dt id="Avoiding-Denial-of-Service-Attacks"><a class="permalink" href="#Avoiding-Denial-of-Service-Attacks">#</a><a id="Avoiding"></a>Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks</dt> <dd> <p><b>$CGI::POST_MAX</b>, <b>$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS</b>, <b>1. On a script-by-script basis</b>, <b>2. Globally for all scripts</b></p> </dd> <dt id="COMPATIBILITY-WITH-CGI-LIB.PL"><a class="permalink" href="#COMPATIBILITY-WITH-CGI-LIB.PL">#</a><a id="COMPATIBILITY1"></a>COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-INFORMATION"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-INFORMATION">#</a><a id="AUTHOR90"></a>AUTHOR INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREDITS"><a class="permalink" href="#CREDITS">#</a>CREDITS</dt> <dd> <p>Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..</p> </dd> <dt id="A-COMPLETE-EXAMPLE-OF-A-SIMPLE-FORM-BASED-SCRIPT"><a class="permalink" href="#A-COMPLETE-EXAMPLE-OF-A-SIMPLE-FORM-BASED-SCRIPT">#</a><a id="A4"></a>A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS16"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS16">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO23"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO23">#</a><a id="SEE23"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI::Apache-Make-things-work-with-CGI.pm-against-Perl-Apache-API"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI::Apache-Make-things-work-with-CGI.pm-against-Perl-Apache-API">#</a><a id="CGI1"></a><a id="CGI::Apache---Make-things-work-with-CGI.pm-against-Perl-Apache-API"></a>CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS44"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS44">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION87"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION87">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE-1"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE-1">#</a><a id="NOTE14"></a>NOTE 1</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE-2"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE-2">#</a><a id="NOTE15"></a>NOTE 2</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO24"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO24">#</a><a id="SEE24"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR32"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR32">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI::Carp,-CGI::Carp-CGI-routines-for-writing-to-the-HTTPD-(or-other)-error-log"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI::Carp,-CGI::Carp-CGI-routines-for-writing-to-the-HTTPD-(or-other)-error-log">#</a><a id="CGI2"></a><a id="CGI::Carp-CGI::Carp---CGI-routines-for-writing-to-the-HTTPD-or-other-error-log"></a>CGI::Carp, <b>CGI::Carp</b> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS45"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS45">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION88"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION88">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="REDIRECTING-ERROR-MESSAGES"><a class="permalink" href="#REDIRECTING-ERROR-MESSAGES">#</a><a id="REDIRECTING"></a>REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="MAKING-PERL-ERRORS-APPEAR-IN-THE-BROWSER-WINDOW"><a class="permalink" href="#MAKING-PERL-ERRORS-APPEAR-IN-THE-BROWSER-WINDOW">#</a><a id="MAKING"></a>MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Changing-the-default-message"><a class="permalink" href="#Changing-the-default-message">#</a><a id="Changing"></a>Changing the default message</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CHANGE-LOG"><a class="permalink" href="#CHANGE-LOG">#</a><a id="CHANGE"></a>CHANGE LOG</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS2"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS2">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO25"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO25">#</a><a id="SEE25"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI::Cookie-Interface-to-Netscape-Cookies"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI::Cookie-Interface-to-Netscape-Cookies">#</a><a id="CGI3"></a><a id="CGI::Cookie---Interface-to-Netscape-Cookies"></a>CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS46"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS46">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION89"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION89">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USING-CGI::Cookie"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-CGI::Cookie">#</a><a id="USING4"></a>USING CGI::Cookie</dt> <dd> <p><b>1. expiration date</b>, <b>2. domain</b>, <b>3. path</b>, <b>4. secure flag</b></p> <dl> <dt id="Creating-New-Cookies"><a class="permalink" href="#Creating-New-Cookies">#</a><a id="Creating4"></a>Creating New Cookies</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Sending-the-Cookie-to-the-Browser"><a class="permalink" href="#Sending-the-Cookie-to-the-Browser">#</a><a id="Sending"></a>Sending the Cookie to the Browser</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Recovering-Previous-Cookies"><a class="permalink" href="#Recovering-Previous-Cookies">#</a><a id="Recovering"></a>Recovering Previous Cookies</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Manipulating-Cookies"><a class="permalink" href="#Manipulating-Cookies">#</a><a id="Manipulating"></a>Manipulating Cookies</dt> <dd> <p><b>name()</b>, <b>value()</b>, <b>domain()</b>, <b>path()</b>, <b>expires()</b></p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-INFORMATION1"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-INFORMATION1">#</a><a id="AUTHOR91"></a>AUTHOR INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS17"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS17">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO26"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO26">#</a><a id="SEE26"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI::Fast-CGI-Interface-for-Fast-CGI"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI::Fast-CGI-Interface-for-Fast-CGI">#</a><a id="CGI4"></a><a id="CGI::Fast---CGI-Interface-for-Fast-CGI"></a>CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS47"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS47">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION90"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION90">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OTHER-PIECES-OF-THE-PUZZLE"><a class="permalink" href="#OTHER-PIECES-OF-THE-PUZZLE">#</a><a id="OTHER1"></a>OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WRITING-FASTCGI-PERL-SCRIPTS"><a class="permalink" href="#WRITING-FASTCGI-PERL-SCRIPTS">#</a><a id="WRITING1"></a>WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="INSTALLING-FASTCGI-SCRIPTS"><a class="permalink" href="#INSTALLING-FASTCGI-SCRIPTS">#</a><a id="INSTALLING1"></a>INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USING-FASTCGI-SCRIPTS-AS-CGI-SCRIPTS"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-FASTCGI-SCRIPTS-AS-CGI-SCRIPTS">#</a><a id="USING5"></a>USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS2"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS2">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-INFORMATION2"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-INFORMATION2">#</a><a id="AUTHOR92"></a>AUTHOR INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS18"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS18">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO27"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO27">#</a><a id="SEE27"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI::Push-Simple-Interface-to-Server-Push"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI::Push-Simple-Interface-to-Server-Push">#</a><a id="CGI5"></a><a id="CGI::Push---Simple-Interface-to-Server-Push"></a>CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS48"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS48">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION91"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION91">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USING-CGI::Push"><a class="permalink" href="#USING-CGI::Push">#</a><a id="USING6"></a>USING CGI::Push</dt> <dd> <p>-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires</p> <dl> <dt id="Heterogeneous-Pages"><a class="permalink" href="#Heterogeneous-Pages">#</a><a id="Heterogeneous"></a>Heterogeneous Pages</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Changing-the-Page-Delay-on-the-Fly"><a class="permalink" href="#Changing-the-Page-Delay-on-the-Fly">#</a><a id="Changing1"></a>Changing the Page Delay on the Fly</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="INSTALLING-CGI::Push-SCRIPTS"><a class="permalink" href="#INSTALLING-CGI::Push-SCRIPTS">#</a><a id="INSTALLING2"></a>INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS3"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS3">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR-INFORMATION3"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR-INFORMATION3">#</a><a id="AUTHOR93"></a>AUTHOR INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS19"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS19">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO28"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO28">#</a><a id="SEE28"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CGI::Switch-Try-more-than-one-constructors-and-return-the-first-object-available"><a class="permalink" href="#CGI::Switch-Try-more-than-one-constructors-and-return-the-first-object-available">#</a><a id="CGI6"></a><a id="CGI::Switch---Try-more-than-one-constructors-and-return-the-first-object-available"></a>CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first object available</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS49"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS49">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION92"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION92">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO29"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO29">#</a><a id="SEE29"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR33"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR33">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CPAN-query,-download-and-build-perl-modules-from-CPAN-sites"><a class="permalink" href="#CPAN-query,-download-and-build-perl-modules-from-CPAN-sites">#</a><a id="CPAN2"></a><a id="CPAN---query-download-and-build-perl-modules-from-CPAN-sites"></a>CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS50"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS50">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION93"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION93">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Interactive-Mode"><a class="permalink" href="#Interactive-Mode">#</a><a id="Interactive1"></a>Interactive Mode</dt> <dd> <p>Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or distribution, Signals</p> </dd> <dt id="CPAN::Shell"><a class="permalink" href="#CPAN::Shell">#</a><a id="CPAN3"></a>CPAN::Shell</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="autobundle"><a class="permalink" href="#autobundle">#</a>autobundle</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="recompile"><a class="permalink" href="#recompile">#</a>recompile</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-four-CPAN::*-Classes:-Author,-Bundle,-Module,-Distribution"><a class="permalink" href="#The-four-CPAN::*-Classes:-Author,-Bundle,-Module,-Distribution">#</a><a id="The38"></a><a id="The-four-CPAN::-Classes:-Author-Bundle-Module-Distribution"></a>The four <code>CPAN::*</code> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Programmer's-interface"><a class="permalink" href="#Programmer's-interface">#</a><a id="Programmer"></a><a id="Programmers-interface"></a>Programmer's interface</dt> <dd> <p>expand($type,@things), Programming Examples</p> </dd> <dt id="Methods-in-the-four"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods-in-the-four">#</a><a id="Methods2"></a>Methods in the four</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Cache-Manager"><a class="permalink" href="#Cache-Manager">#</a><a id="Cache"></a>Cache Manager</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Bundles"><a class="permalink" href="#Bundles">#</a>Bundles</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Prerequisites"><a class="permalink" href="#Prerequisites">#</a>Prerequisites</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Finding-packages-and-VERSION"><a class="permalink" href="#Finding-packages-and-VERSION">#</a><a id="Finding2"></a>Finding packages and VERSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Debugging"><a class="permalink" href="#Debugging">#</a>Debugging</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Floppy,-Zip,-and-all-that-Jazz"><a class="permalink" href="#Floppy,-Zip,-and-all-that-Jazz">#</a><a id="Floppy"></a><a id="Floppy-Zip-and-all-that-Jazz"></a>Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="CONFIGURATION"><a class="permalink" href="#CONFIGURATION">#</a>CONFIGURATION</dt> <dd> <p>o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list></p> <dl> <dt id="CD-ROM-support"><a class="permalink" href="#CD-ROM-support">#</a><a id="CD"></a>CD-ROM support</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SECURITY1"><a class="permalink" href="#SECURITY1">#</a>SECURITY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXPORT"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORT">#</a>EXPORT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS20"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS20">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR34"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR34">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO30"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO30">#</a><a id="SEE30"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CPAN::FirstTime-Utility-for-CPAN::Config-file-Initialization"><a class="permalink" href="#CPAN::FirstTime-Utility-for-CPAN::Config-file-Initialization">#</a><a id="CPAN4"></a><a id="CPAN::FirstTime---Utility-for-CPAN::Config-file-Initialization"></a>CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS51"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS51">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION94"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION94">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="CPANox,-CPAN::Nox-Wrapper-around-CPAN.pm-without-using-any-XS-module"><a class="permalink" href="#CPANox,-CPAN::Nox-Wrapper-around-CPAN.pm-without-using-any-XS-module">#</a><a id="CPANox"></a><a id="CPANox-CPAN::Nox---Wrapper-around-CPAN.pm-without-using-any-XS-module"></a>CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS52"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS52">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION95"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION95">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO31"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO31">#</a><a id="SEE31"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Carp,-carp-warn-of-errors-(from-perspective-of-caller)"><a class="permalink" href="#Carp,-carp-warn-of-errors-(from-perspective-of-caller)">#</a><a id="Carp"></a><a id="Carp-carp---warn-of-errors-from-perspective-of-caller"></a>Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS53"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS53">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION96"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION96">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Forcing-a-Stack-Trace"><a class="permalink" href="#Forcing-a-Stack-Trace">#</a><a id="Forcing"></a>Forcing a Stack Trace</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Class::Struct-declare-struct-like-datatypes-as-Perl-classes"><a class="permalink" href="#Class::Struct-declare-struct-like-datatypes-as-Perl-classes">#</a><a id="Class4"></a><a id="Class::Struct---declare-struct-like-datatypes-as-Perl-classes"></a>Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS54"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS54">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION97"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION97">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="The-struct()-function"><a class="permalink" href="#The-struct()-function">#</a><a id="The39"></a><a id="The-struct-function"></a>The <code>struct()</code> function</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Element-Types-and-Accessor-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Element-Types-and-Accessor-Methods">#</a><a id="Element"></a>Element Types and Accessor Methods</dt> <dd> <p>Scalar (<code>'$'</code> or <code>'*$'</code>), Array (<code>'@'</code> or <code>'*@'</code>), Hash (<code>'%'</code> or <code>'*%'</code>), Class (<code>'Class_Name'</code> or <code>'*Class_Name'</code>)</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES6"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES6">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> <p>Example 1, Example 2</p> </dd> <dt id="Author-and-Modification-History"><a class="permalink" href="#Author-and-Modification-History">#</a><a id="Author2"></a>Author and Modification History</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Cwd,-getcwd-get-pathname-of-current-working-directory"><a class="permalink" href="#Cwd,-getcwd-get-pathname-of-current-working-directory">#</a><a id="Cwd"></a><a id="Cwd-getcwd---get-pathname-of-current-working-directory"></a>Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS55"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS55">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION98"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION98">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="DB_File-Perl5-access-to-Berkeley-DB-version-1.x"><a class="permalink" href="#DB_File-Perl5-access-to-Berkeley-DB-version-1.x">#</a><a id="DB_File"></a><a id="DB_File---Perl5-access-to-Berkeley-DB-version-1.x"></a>DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS56"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS56">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION99"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION99">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p><b>DB_HASH</b>, <b>DB_BTREE</b>, <b>DB_RECNO</b></p> <dl> <dt id="Using-DB_File-with-Berkeley-DB-version-2"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-DB_File-with-Berkeley-DB-version-2">#</a><a id="Using13"></a>Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Interface-to-Berkeley-DB"><a class="permalink" href="#Interface-to-Berkeley-DB">#</a><a id="Interface1"></a>Interface to Berkeley DB</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Opening-a-Berkeley-DB-Database-File"><a class="permalink" href="#Opening-a-Berkeley-DB-Database-File">#</a><a id="Opening"></a>Opening a Berkeley DB Database File</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Default-Parameters"><a class="permalink" href="#Default-Parameters">#</a><a id="Default3"></a>Default Parameters</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="In-Memory-Databases"><a class="permalink" href="#In-Memory-Databases">#</a><a id="In"></a>In Memory Databases</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="DB_HASH"><a class="permalink" href="#DB_HASH">#</a>DB_HASH</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="A-Simple-Example"><a class="permalink" href="#A-Simple-Example">#</a><a id="A5"></a>A Simple Example</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="DB_BTREE"><a class="permalink" href="#DB_BTREE">#</a>DB_BTREE</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Changing-the-BTREE-sort-order"><a class="permalink" href="#Changing-the-BTREE-sort-order">#</a><a id="Changing2"></a>Changing the BTREE sort order</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Handling-Duplicate-Keys"><a class="permalink" href="#Handling-Duplicate-Keys">#</a><a id="Handling"></a>Handling Duplicate Keys</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-get_dup()-Method"><a class="permalink" href="#The-get_dup()-Method">#</a><a id="The40"></a><a id="The-get_dup-Method"></a>The get_dup() Method</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Matching-Partial-Keys"><a class="permalink" href="#Matching-Partial-Keys">#</a><a id="Matching"></a>Matching Partial Keys</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="DB_RECNO"><a class="permalink" href="#DB_RECNO">#</a>DB_RECNO</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="The-'bval'-Option"><a class="permalink" href="#The-'bval'-Option">#</a><a id="The41"></a><a id="The-bval-Option"></a>The 'bval' Option</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="A-Simple-Example1"><a class="permalink" href="#A-Simple-Example1">#</a><a id="A6"></a>A Simple Example</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Extra-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Extra-Methods">#</a><a id="Extra"></a>Extra Methods</dt> <dd> <p><b>$X->push(list) ;</b>, <b>$value = $X->pop ;</b>, <b>$X->shift</b>, <b>$X->unshift(list) ;</b>, <b>$X->length</b></p> </dd> <dt id="Another-Example"><a class="permalink" href="#Another-Example">#</a><a id="Another"></a>Another Example</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="THE-API-INTERFACE"><a class="permalink" href="#THE-API-INTERFACE">#</a><a id="THE9"></a>THE API INTERFACE</dt> <dd> <p><b>$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;</b>, <b>$status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;</b>, <b>$status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;</b>, <b>$status = $X->fd ;</b>, <b>$status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;</b>, <b>$status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;</b></p> </dd> <dt id="HINTS-AND-TIPS"><a class="permalink" href="#HINTS-AND-TIPS">#</a><a id="HINTS"></a>HINTS AND TIPS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Locking-Databases"><a class="permalink" href="#Locking-Databases">#</a><a id="Locking"></a>Locking Databases</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Sharing-Databases-With-C-Applications"><a class="permalink" href="#Sharing-Databases-With-C-Applications">#</a><a id="Sharing"></a>Sharing Databases With C Applications</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="The-untie()-Gotcha"><a class="permalink" href="#The-untie()-Gotcha">#</a><a id="The42"></a><a id="The-untie-Gotcha1"></a>The untie() Gotcha</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="COMMON-QUESTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#COMMON-QUESTIONS">#</a><a id="COMMON1"></a>COMMON QUESTIONS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Why-is-there-Perl-source-in-my-database?"><a class="permalink" href="#Why-is-there-Perl-source-in-my-database?">#</a><a id="Why22"></a><a id="Why-is-there-Perl-source-in-my-database"></a>Why is there Perl source in my database?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="How-do-I-store-complex-data-structures-with-DB_File?"><a class="permalink" href="#How-do-I-store-complex-data-structures-with-DB_File?">#</a><a id="How188"></a><a id="How-do-I-store-complex-data-structures-with-DB_File"></a>How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-does-"Invalid-Argument"-mean?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-does-%22Invalid-Argument%22-mean?">#</a><a id="What32"></a><a id="What-does-Invalid-Argument-mean"></a>What does "Invalid Argument" mean?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="What-does-"Bareword-'DB_File'-not-allowed"-mean?"><a class="permalink" href="#What-does-%22Bareword-'DB_File'-not-allowed%22-mean?">#</a><a id="What33"></a><a id="What-does-Bareword-DB_File-not-allowed-mean"></a>What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY2"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY2">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS21"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS21">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AVAILABILITY"><a class="permalink" href="#AVAILABILITY">#</a>AVAILABILITY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT4"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT4">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO32"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO32">#</a><a id="SEE32"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR35"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR35">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Data::Dumper-stringified-perl-data-structures,-suitable-for-both-printing-and-eval"><a class="permalink" href="#Data::Dumper-stringified-perl-data-structures,-suitable-for-both-printing-and-eval">#</a><a id="Data7"></a><a id="Data::Dumper---stringified-perl-data-structures-suitable-for-both-printing-and-eval"></a>Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and <code>eval</code></h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS57"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS57">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION100"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION100">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Methods1"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods1">#</a>Methods</dt> <dd> <p><i>PACKAGE</i>->new(<i>ARRAYREF [</i>, <i>ARRAYREF]</i>), <i>$OBJ</i>->Dump <i>or</i> <i>PACKAGE</i>->Dump(<i>ARRAYREF [</i>, <i>ARRAYREF]</i>), <i>$OBJ</i>->Dumpxs <i>or</i> <i>PACKAGE</i>->Dumpxs(<i>ARRAYREF [</i>, <i>ARRAYREF]</i>), <i>$OBJ</i>->Seen(<i>[HASHREF]</i>), <i>$OBJ</i>->Values(<i>[ARRAYREF]</i>), <i>$OBJ</i>->Names(<i>[ARRAYREF]</i>), <i>$OBJ</i>->Reset</p> </dd> <dt id="Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Functions">#</a>Functions</dt> <dd> <p>Dumper(<i>LIST</i>), DumperX(<i>LIST</i>)</p> </dd> <dt id="Configuration-Variables-or-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Configuration-Variables-or-Methods">#</a><a id="Configuration"></a>Configuration Variables or Methods</dt> <dd> <p>$Data::Dumper::Indent <i>or</i> <i>$OBJ</i>->Indent(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Purity <i>or</i> <i>$OBJ</i>->Purity(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Pad <i>or</i> <i>$OBJ</i>->Pad(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Varname <i>or</i> <i>$OBJ</i>->Varname(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Useqq <i>or</i> <i>$OBJ</i>->Useqq(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Terse <i>or</i> <i>$OBJ</i>->Terse(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Freezer <i>or</i> $<i>OBJ</i>->Freezer(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Toaster <i>or</i> $<i>OBJ</i>->Toaster(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy <i>or</i> $<i>OBJ</i>->Deepcopy(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys <i>or</i> $<i>OBJ</i>->Quotekeys(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>), $Data::Dumper::Bless <i>or</i> $<i>OBJ</i>->Bless(<i>[NEWVAL]</i>)</p> </dd> <dt id="Exports"><a class="permalink" href="#Exports">#</a>Exports</dt> <dd> <p>Dumper</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES7"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES7">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS22"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS22">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR36"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR36">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="VERSION1"><a class="permalink" href="#VERSION1">#</a>VERSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO33"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO33">#</a><a id="SEE33"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Devel::SelfStubber-generate-stubs-for-a-SelfLoading-module"><a class="permalink" href="#Devel::SelfStubber-generate-stubs-for-a-SelfLoading-module">#</a><a id="Devel"></a><a id="Devel::SelfStubber---generate-stubs-for-a-SelfLoading-module"></a>Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS58"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS58">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION101"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION101">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="DirHandle-supply-object-methods-for-directory-handles"><a class="permalink" href="#DirHandle-supply-object-methods-for-directory-handles">#</a><a id="DirHandle"></a><a id="DirHandle---supply-object-methods-for-directory-handles"></a>DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS59"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS59">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION102"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION102">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="English-use-nice-English-(or-awk)-names-for-ugly-punctuation-variables"><a class="permalink" href="#English-use-nice-English-(or-awk)-names-for-ugly-punctuation-variables">#</a><a id="English"></a><a id="English---use-nice-English-or-awk-names-for-ugly-punctuation-variables"></a>English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS60"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS60">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION103"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION103">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Env-perl-module-that-imports-environment-variables"><a class="permalink" href="#Env-perl-module-that-imports-environment-variables">#</a><a id="Env"></a><a id="Env---perl-module-that-imports-environment-variables"></a>Env - perl module that imports environment variables</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS61"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS61">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION104"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION104">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR37"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR37">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Exporter-Implements-default-import-method-for-modules"><a class="permalink" href="#Exporter-Implements-default-import-method-for-modules">#</a><a id="Exporter"></a><a id="Exporter---Implements-default-import-method-for-modules"></a>Exporter - Implements default import method for modules</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS62"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS62">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION105"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION105">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Selecting-What-To-Export"><a class="permalink" href="#Selecting-What-To-Export">#</a><a id="Selecting"></a>Selecting What To Export</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Specialised-Import-Lists"><a class="permalink" href="#Specialised-Import-Lists">#</a><a id="Specialised"></a>Specialised Import Lists</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Exporting-without-using-Export's-import-method"><a class="permalink" href="#Exporting-without-using-Export's-import-method">#</a><a id="Exporting"></a><a id="Exporting-without-using-Exports-import-method"></a>Exporting without using Export's import method</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Module-Version-Checking"><a class="permalink" href="#Module-Version-Checking">#</a><a id="Module"></a>Module Version Checking</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Managing-Unknown-Symbols"><a class="permalink" href="#Managing-Unknown-Symbols">#</a><a id="Managing"></a>Managing Unknown Symbols</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Tag-Handling-Utility-Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Tag-Handling-Utility-Functions">#</a><a id="Tag"></a>Tag Handling Utility Functions</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Command-utilities-to-replace-common-UNIX-commands-in-Makefiles-etc."><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Command-utilities-to-replace-common-UNIX-commands-in-Makefiles-etc.">#</a><a id="ExtUtils"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Command---utilities-to-replace-common-UNIX-commands-in-Makefiles-etc"></a>ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS63"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS63">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION106"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION106">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath directory.., test_f file</p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS23"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS23">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO34"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO34">#</a><a id="SEE34"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR38"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR38">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Embed-Utilities-for-embedding-Perl-in-C/C++-applications"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Embed-Utilities-for-embedding-Perl-in-C/C++-applications">#</a><a id="ExtUtils1"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Embed---Utilities-for-embedding-Perl-in-C-C-applications"></a>ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS64"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS64">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION107"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION107">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="@EXPORT"><a class="permalink" href="#@EXPORT">#</a><a id="EXPORT2"></a>@EXPORT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS">#</a>FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p>xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES8"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES8">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO35"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO35">#</a><a id="SEE35"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR39"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR39">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Install-install-files-from-here-to-there"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Install-install-files-from-here-to-there">#</a><a id="ExtUtils2"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Install---install-files-from-here-to-there"></a>ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS65"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS65">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION108"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION108">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Installed-Inventory-management-of-installed-modules"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Installed-Inventory-management-of-installed-modules">#</a><a id="ExtUtils3"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Installed---Inventory-management-of-installed-modules"></a>ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS66"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS66">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION109"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION109">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USAGE"><a class="permalink" href="#USAGE">#</a>USAGE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS1"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS1">#</a>FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p>new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR40"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR40">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Liblist-determine-libraries-to-use-and-how-to-use-them"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Liblist-determine-libraries-to-use-and-how-to-use-them">#</a><a id="ExtUtils4"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Liblist---determine-libraries-to-use-and-how-to-use-them"></a>ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS67"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS67">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION110"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION110">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions</p> <dl> <dt id="EXTRALIBS"><a class="permalink" href="#EXTRALIBS">#</a>EXTRALIBS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="LDLOADLIBS-and-LD_RUN_PATH"><a class="permalink" href="#LDLOADLIBS-and-LD_RUN_PATH">#</a><a id="LDLOADLIBS"></a>LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BSLOADLIBS"><a class="permalink" href="#BSLOADLIBS">#</a>BSLOADLIBS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="PORTABILITY"><a class="permalink" href="#PORTABILITY">#</a>PORTABILITY</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="VMS-implementation"><a class="permalink" href="#VMS-implementation">#</a><a id="VMS1"></a>VMS implementation</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Win32-implementation"><a class="permalink" href="#Win32-implementation">#</a><a id="Win32"></a>Win32 implementation</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO36"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO36">#</a><a id="SEE36"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::MM_OS2-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::MM_OS2-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">#</a><a id="ExtUtils5"></a><a id="ExtUtils::MM_OS2---methods-to-override-UN-X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"></a>ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS68"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS68">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION111"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION111">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::MM_Unix-methods-used-by-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::MM_Unix-methods-used-by-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">#</a><a id="ExtUtils6"></a><a id="ExtUtils::MM_Unix---methods-used-by-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"></a>ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS69"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS69">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION112"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION112">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Preloaded-methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Preloaded-methods">#</a><a id="Preloaded"></a>Preloaded methods</dt> <dd> <p>canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir</p> </dd> <dt id="SelfLoaded-methods"><a class="permalink" href="#SelfLoaded-methods">#</a><a id="SelfLoaded"></a>SelfLoaded methods</dt> <dd> <p>c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl</p> </dd> <dt id="Methods-to-actually-produce-chunks-of-text-for-the-Makefile"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods-to-actually-produce-chunks-of-text-for-the-Makefile">#</a><a id="Methods3"></a>Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile</dt> <dd> <p>fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, parse_abstract, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), ppd, perm_rw (o), perm_rwx (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO37"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO37">#</a><a id="SEE37"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::MM_VMS-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::MM_VMS-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">#</a><a id="ExtUtils7"></a><a id="ExtUtils::MM_VMS---methods-to-override-UN-X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"></a>ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS70"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS70">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION113"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION113">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Methods-always-loaded"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods-always-loaded">#</a><a id="Methods4"></a>Methods always loaded</dt> <dd> <p>eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override)</p> </dd> <dt id="SelfLoaded-methods1"><a class="permalink" href="#SelfLoaded-methods1">#</a><a id="SelfLoaded1"></a>SelfLoaded methods</dt> <dd> <p>guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext (override)</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::MM_Win32-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::MM_Win32-methods-to-override-UN*X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker">#</a><a id="ExtUtils8"></a><a id="ExtUtils::MM_Win32---methods-to-override-UN-X-behaviour-in-ExtUtils::MakeMaker"></a>ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS71"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS71">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION114"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION114">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::MakeMaker-create-an-extension-Makefile"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::MakeMaker-create-an-extension-Makefile">#</a><a id="ExtUtils9"></a><a id="ExtUtils::MakeMaker---create-an-extension-Makefile"></a>ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS72"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS72">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION115"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION115">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="How-To-Write-A-Makefile.PL"><a class="permalink" href="#How-To-Write-A-Makefile.PL">#</a><a id="How189"></a>How To Write A Makefile.PL</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Default-Makefile-Behaviour"><a class="permalink" href="#Default-Makefile-Behaviour">#</a><a id="Default4"></a>Default Makefile Behaviour</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="make-test"><a class="permalink" href="#make-test">#</a><a id="make"></a>make test</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="make-testdb"><a class="permalink" href="#make-testdb">#</a><a id="make1"></a>make testdb</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="make-install"><a class="permalink" href="#make-install">#</a><a id="make2"></a>make install</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="PREFIX-and-LIB-attribute"><a class="permalink" href="#PREFIX-and-LIB-attribute">#</a><a id="PREFIX"></a>PREFIX and LIB attribute</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AFS-users"><a class="permalink" href="#AFS-users">#</a><a id="AFS"></a>AFS users</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Static-Linking-of-a-new-Perl-Binary"><a class="permalink" href="#Static-Linking-of-a-new-Perl-Binary">#</a><a id="Static"></a>Static Linking of a new Perl Binary</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Determination-of-Perl-Library-and-Installation-Locations"><a class="permalink" href="#Determination-of-Perl-Library-and-Installation-Locations">#</a><a id="Determination"></a>Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Which-architecture-dependent-directory?"><a class="permalink" href="#Which-architecture-dependent-directory?">#</a><a id="Which1"></a><a id="Which-architecture-dependent-directory"></a>Which architecture dependent directory?</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Using-Attributes-and-Parameters"><a class="permalink" href="#Using-Attributes-and-Parameters">#</a><a id="Using14"></a>Using Attributes and Parameters</dt> <dd> <p>C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION</p> </dd> <dt id="Additional-lowercase-attributes"><a class="permalink" href="#Additional-lowercase-attributes">#</a><a id="Additional"></a>Additional lowercase attributes</dt> <dd> <p>clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, tool_autosplit</p> </dd> <dt id="Overriding-MakeMaker-Methods"><a class="permalink" href="#Overriding-MakeMaker-Methods">#</a><a id="Overriding2"></a>Overriding MakeMaker Methods</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Hintsfile-support"><a class="permalink" href="#Hintsfile-support">#</a><a id="Hintsfile"></a>Hintsfile support</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Distribution-Support"><a class="permalink" href="#Distribution-Support">#</a><a id="Distribution"></a>Distribution Support</dt> <dd> <p>make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci</p> </dd> <dt id="Disabling-an-extension"><a class="permalink" href="#Disabling-an-extension">#</a><a id="Disabling"></a>Disabling an extension</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO38"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO38">#</a><a id="SEE38"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS3"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS3">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Manifest-utilities-to-write-and-check-a-MANIFEST-file"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Manifest-utilities-to-write-and-check-a-MANIFEST-file">#</a><a id="ExtUtils10"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Manifest---utilities-to-write-and-check-a-MANIFEST-file"></a>ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS73"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS73">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION116"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION116">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="MANIFEST.SKIP"><a class="permalink" href="#MANIFEST.SKIP">#</a><a id="MANIFEST"></a>MANIFEST.SKIP</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXPORT_OK"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORT_OK">#</a>EXPORT_OK</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="GLOBAL-VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#GLOBAL-VARIABLES">#</a><a id="GLOBAL"></a>GLOBAL VARIABLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DIAGNOSTICS3"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS3">#</a>DIAGNOSTICS</dt> <dd> <p><code>Not in MANIFEST:</code> <i>file</i>, <code>No such file:</code> <i>file</i>, <code>MANIFEST:</code> <i>$!</i>, <code>Added to MANIFEST:</code> <i>file</i></p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO39"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO39">#</a><a id="SEE39"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR41"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR41">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap-make-a-bootstrap-file-for-use-by-DynaLoader"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap-make-a-bootstrap-file-for-use-by-DynaLoader">#</a><a id="ExtUtils11"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap---make-a-bootstrap-file-for-use-by-DynaLoader"></a>ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS74"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS74">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION117"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION117">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Mksymlists-write-linker-options-files-for-dynamic-extension"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Mksymlists-write-linker-options-files-for-dynamic-extension">#</a><a id="ExtUtils12"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Mksymlists---write-linker-options-files-for-dynamic-extension"></a>ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS75"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS75">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION118"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION118">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE</p> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR42"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR42">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="REVISION"><a class="permalink" href="#REVISION">#</a>REVISION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::Packlist-manage-.packlist-files"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::Packlist-manage-.packlist-files">#</a><a id="ExtUtils13"></a><a id="ExtUtils::Packlist---manage-.packlist-files"></a>ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS76"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS76">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION119"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION119">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USAGE1"><a class="permalink" href="#USAGE1">#</a>USAGE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS2"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS2">#</a>FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p>new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE1"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE1">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR43"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR43">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ExtUtils::testlib-add-blib/*-directories-to-@INC"><a class="permalink" href="#ExtUtils::testlib-add-blib/*-directories-to-@INC">#</a><a id="ExtUtils14"></a><a id="ExtUtils::testlib---add-blib-directories-to-INC"></a>ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS77"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS77">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION120"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION120">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Fatal-replace-functions-with-equivalents-which-succeed-or-die"><a class="permalink" href="#Fatal-replace-functions-with-equivalents-which-succeed-or-die">#</a><a id="Fatal"></a><a id="Fatal---replace-functions-with-equivalents-which-succeed-or-die"></a>Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS78"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS78">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION121"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION121">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR44"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR44">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Fcntl-load-the-C-Fcntl.h-defines"><a class="permalink" href="#Fcntl-load-the-C-Fcntl.h-defines">#</a><a id="Fcntl"></a><a id="Fcntl---load-the-C-Fcntl.h-defines"></a>Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS79"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS79">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION122"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION122">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE1"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE1">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXPORTED-SYMBOLS"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORTED-SYMBOLS">#</a><a id="EXPORTED"></a>EXPORTED SYMBOLS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Basename,-fileparse-split-a-pathname-into-pieces"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Basename,-fileparse-split-a-pathname-into-pieces">#</a><a id="File1"></a><a id="File::Basename-fileparse---split-a-pathname-into-pieces"></a>File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS80"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS80">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION123"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION123">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES9"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES9">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> <p><code>basename</code>, <code>dirname</code></p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::CheckTree,-validate-run-many-filetest-checks-on-a-tree"><a class="permalink" href="#File::CheckTree,-validate-run-many-filetest-checks-on-a-tree">#</a><a id="File2"></a><a id="File::CheckTree-validate---run-many-filetest-checks-on-a-tree"></a>File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS81"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS81">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION124"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION124">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Compare-Compare-files-or-filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Compare-Compare-files-or-filehandles">#</a><a id="File3"></a><a id="File::Compare---Compare-files-or-filehandles"></a>File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS82"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS82">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION125"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION125">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="RETURN"><a class="permalink" href="#RETURN">#</a>RETURN</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR45"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR45">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Copy-Copy-files-or-filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Copy-Copy-files-or-filehandles">#</a><a id="File4"></a><a id="File::Copy---Copy-files-or-filehandles"></a>File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS83"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS83">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION126"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION126">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Special-behavior-if-syscopy-is-defined-(VMS-and-OS/2)"><a class="permalink" href="#Special-behavior-if-syscopy-is-defined-(VMS-and-OS/2)">#</a><a id="Special"></a><a id="Special-behavior-if-syscopy-is-defined-VMS-and-OS-2"></a>Special behavior if <code>syscopy</code> is defined (VMS and OS/2)</dt> <dd> <p>rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="RETURN1"><a class="permalink" href="#RETURN1">#</a>RETURN</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR46"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR46">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::DosGlob-DOS-like-globbing-and-then-some"><a class="permalink" href="#File::DosGlob-DOS-like-globbing-and-then-some">#</a><a id="File5"></a><a id="File::DosGlob---DOS-like-globbing-and-then-some"></a>File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS84"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS84">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION127"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION127">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXPORTS-(by-request-only)"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORTS-(by-request-only)">#</a><a id="EXPORTS1"></a><a id="EXPORTS-by-request-only"></a>EXPORTS (by request only)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS24"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS24">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR47"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR47">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY3"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY3">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO40"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO40">#</a><a id="SEE40"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Find,-find-traverse-a-file-tree"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Find,-find-traverse-a-file-tree">#</a><a id="File6"></a><a id="File::Find-find---traverse-a-file-tree"></a>File::Find, find - traverse a file tree</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS85"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS85">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION128"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION128">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS25"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS25">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Path-create-or-remove-a-series-of-directories"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Path-create-or-remove-a-series-of-directories">#</a><a id="File7"></a><a id="File::Path---create-or-remove-a-series-of-directories"></a>File::Path - create or remove a series of directories</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS86"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS86">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION129"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION129">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS4"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS4">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="REVISION1"><a class="permalink" href="#REVISION1">#</a>REVISION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Spec-portably-perform-operations-on-file-names"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Spec-portably-perform-operations-on-file-names">#</a><a id="File8"></a><a id="File::Spec---portably-perform-operations-on-file-names"></a>File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS87"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS87">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION130"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION130">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO41"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO41">#</a><a id="SEE41"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS5"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS5">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Spec::Mac-File::Spec-for-MacOS"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Spec::Mac-File::Spec-for-MacOS">#</a><a id="File9"></a><a id="File::Spec::Mac---File::Spec-for-MacOS"></a>File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS88"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS88">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION131"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION131">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS1"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS1">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, file_name_is_absolute, path</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO42"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO42">#</a><a id="SEE42"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Spec::OS2-methods-for-OS/2-file-specs"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Spec::OS2-methods-for-OS/2-file-specs">#</a><a id="File10"></a><a id="File::Spec::OS2---methods-for-OS-2-file-specs"></a>File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS89"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS89">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION132"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION132">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Spec::Unix-methods-used-by-File::Spec"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Spec::Unix-methods-used-by-File::Spec">#</a><a id="File11"></a><a id="File::Spec::Unix---methods-used-by-File::Spec"></a>File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS90"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS90">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION133"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION133">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS2"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS2">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, no_upwards, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, nativename</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO43"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO43">#</a><a id="SEE43"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Spec::VMS-methods-for-VMS-file-specs"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Spec::VMS-methods-for-VMS-file-specs">#</a><a id="File12"></a><a id="File::Spec::VMS---methods-for-VMS-file-specs"></a>File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS91"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS91">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION134"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION134">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Methods-always-loaded1"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods-always-loaded1">#</a><a id="Methods5"></a>Methods always loaded</dt> <dd> <p>catdir, catfile, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override), path (override), file_name_is_absolute (override)</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::Spec::Win32-methods-for-Win32-file-specs"><a class="permalink" href="#File::Spec::Win32-methods-for-Win32-file-specs">#</a><a id="File13"></a><a id="File::Spec::Win32---methods-for-Win32-file-specs"></a>File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS92"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS92">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION135"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION135">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>catfile, canonpath</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="File::stat-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-stat()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#File::stat-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-stat()-functions">#</a><a id="File14"></a><a id="File::stat---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-stat-functions"></a>File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS93"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS93">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION136"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION136">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE2"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE2">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR48"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR48">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="FileCache-keep-more-files-open-than-the-system-permits"><a class="permalink" href="#FileCache-keep-more-files-open-than-the-system-permits">#</a><a id="FileCache"></a><a id="FileCache---keep-more-files-open-than-the-system-permits"></a>FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS94"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS94">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION137"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION137">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS26"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS26">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="FileHandle-supply-object-methods-for-filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="#FileHandle-supply-object-methods-for-filehandles">#</a><a id="FileHandle"></a><a id="FileHandle---supply-object-methods-for-filehandles"></a>FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS95"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS95">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION138"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION138">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO44"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO44">#</a><a id="SEE44"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="FindBin-Locate-directory-of-original-perl-script"><a class="permalink" href="#FindBin-Locate-directory-of-original-perl-script">#</a><a id="FindBin"></a><a id="FindBin---Locate-directory-of-original-perl-script"></a>FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS96"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS96">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION139"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION139">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXPORTABLE-VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORTABLE-VARIABLES">#</a><a id="EXPORTABLE"></a>EXPORTABLE VARIABLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="KNOWN-BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#KNOWN-BUGS">#</a><a id="KNOWN1"></a>KNOWN BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS6"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS6">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT5"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT5">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="REVISION2"><a class="permalink" href="#REVISION2">#</a>REVISION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="GDBM_File-Perl5-access-to-the-gdbm-library."><a class="permalink" href="#GDBM_File-Perl5-access-to-the-gdbm-library.">#</a><a id="GDBM_File"></a><a id="GDBM_File---Perl5-access-to-the-gdbm-library"></a>GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS97"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS97">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION140"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION140">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AVAILABILITY1"><a class="permalink" href="#AVAILABILITY1">#</a>AVAILABILITY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS27"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS27">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO45"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO45">#</a><a id="SEE45"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Getopt::Long,-GetOptions-extended-processing-of-command-line-options"><a class="permalink" href="#Getopt::Long,-GetOptions-extended-processing-of-command-line-options">#</a><a id="Getopt"></a><a id="Getopt::Long-GetOptions---extended-processing-of-command-line-options"></a>Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line options</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS98"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS98">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION141"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION141">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>!, +, :s, :i, :f</p> <dl> <dt id="Linkage-specification"><a class="permalink" href="#Linkage-specification">#</a><a id="Linkage"></a>Linkage specification</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Aliases-and-abbreviations"><a class="permalink" href="#Aliases-and-abbreviations">#</a><a id="Aliases"></a>Aliases and abbreviations</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Non-option-call-back-routine"><a class="permalink" href="#Non-option-call-back-routine">#</a><a id="Non"></a>Non-option call-back routine</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Option-starters"><a class="permalink" href="#Option-starters">#</a><a id="Option"></a>Option starters</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Return-values-and-Errors"><a class="permalink" href="#Return-values-and-Errors">#</a><a id="Return"></a>Return values and Errors</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="COMPATIBILITY"><a class="permalink" href="#COMPATIBILITY">#</a>COMPATIBILITY</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES10"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES10">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONFIGURATION-OPTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#CONFIGURATION-OPTIONS">#</a><a id="CONFIGURATION1"></a>CONFIGURATION OPTIONS</dt> <dd> <p>default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)</p> </dd> <dt id="OTHER-USEFUL-VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#OTHER-USEFUL-VARIABLES">#</a><a id="OTHER2"></a>OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES</dt> <dd> <p>$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error</p> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR49"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR49">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT-AND-DISCLAIMER"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT-AND-DISCLAIMER">#</a><a id="COPYRIGHT13"></a>COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Getopt::Std,-getopt-Process-single-character-switches-with-switch-clustering"><a class="permalink" href="#Getopt::Std,-getopt-Process-single-character-switches-with-switch-clustering">#</a><a id="Getopt1"></a><a id="Getopt::Std-getopt---Process-single-character-switches-with-switch-clustering"></a>Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS99"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS99">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION142"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION142">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="I18N::Collate-compare-8-bit-scalar-data-according-to-the-current-locale"><a class="permalink" href="#I18N::Collate-compare-8-bit-scalar-data-according-to-the-current-locale">#</a><a id="I18N1"></a><a id="I18N::Collate---compare-8-bit-scalar-data-according-to-the-current-locale"></a>I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS100"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS100">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION143"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION143">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO-load-various-IO-modules"><a class="permalink" href="#IO-load-various-IO-modules">#</a><a id="IO"></a><a id="IO---load-various-IO-modules"></a>IO - load various IO modules</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS101"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS101">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION144"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION144">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO::lib::IO::File,-IO::File-supply-object-methods-for-filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::lib::IO::File,-IO::File-supply-object-methods-for-filehandles">#</a><a id="IO1"></a><a id="IO::lib::IO::File-IO::File---supply-object-methods-for-filehandles"></a>IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS102"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS102">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION145"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION145">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONSTRUCTOR"><a class="permalink" href="#CONSTRUCTOR">#</a>CONSTRUCTOR</dt> <dd> <p>new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile</p> </dd> <dt id="METHODS3"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS3">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO46"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO46">#</a><a id="SEE46"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY4"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY4">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO::lib::IO::Handle,-IO::Handle-supply-object-methods-for-I/O-handles"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::lib::IO::Handle,-IO::Handle-supply-object-methods-for-I/O-handles">#</a><a id="IO2"></a><a id="IO::lib::IO::Handle-IO::Handle---supply-object-methods-for-I-O-handles"></a>IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS103"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS103">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION146"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION146">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONSTRUCTOR1"><a class="permalink" href="#CONSTRUCTOR1">#</a>CONSTRUCTOR</dt> <dd> <p>new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )</p> </dd> <dt id="METHODS4"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS4">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush, $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint</p> </dd> <dt id="NOTE3"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE3">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO47"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO47">#</a><a id="SEE47"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS28"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS28">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY5"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY5">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO::lib::IO::Pipe,-IO::pipe-supply-object-methods-for-pipes"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::lib::IO::Pipe,-IO::pipe-supply-object-methods-for-pipes">#</a><a id="IO3"></a><a id="IO::lib::IO::Pipe-IO::pipe---supply-object-methods-for-pipes"></a>IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS104"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS104">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION147"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION147">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONSTRCUTOR"><a class="permalink" href="#CONSTRCUTOR">#</a>CONSTRCUTOR</dt> <dd> <p>new ( [READER, WRITER] )</p> </dd> <dt id="METHODS5"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS5">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO48"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO48">#</a><a id="SEE48"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR50"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR50">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT6"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT6">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO::lib::IO::Seekable,-IO::Seekable-supply-seek-based-methods-for-I/O-objects"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::lib::IO::Seekable,-IO::Seekable-supply-seek-based-methods-for-I/O-objects">#</a><a id="IO4"></a><a id="IO::lib::IO::Seekable-IO::Seekable---supply-seek-based-methods-for-I-O-objects"></a>IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS105"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS105">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION148"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION148">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO49"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO49">#</a><a id="SEE49"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="HISTORY6"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY6">#</a>HISTORY</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO::lib::IO::Select,-IO::Select-OO-interface-to-the-select-system-call"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::lib::IO::Select,-IO::Select-OO-interface-to-the-select-system-call">#</a><a id="IO5"></a><a id="IO::lib::IO::Select-IO::Select---OO-interface-to-the-select-system-call"></a>IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS106"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS106">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION149"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION149">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONSTRUCTOR2"><a class="permalink" href="#CONSTRUCTOR2">#</a>CONSTRUCTOR</dt> <dd> <p>new ( [ HANDLES ] )</p> </dd> <dt id="METHODS6"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS6">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE2"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE2">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR51"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR51">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT7"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT7">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IO::lib::IO::Socket,-IO::Socket-Object-interface-to-socket-communications"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::lib::IO::Socket,-IO::Socket-Object-interface-to-socket-communications">#</a><a id="IO6"></a><a id="IO::lib::IO::Socket-IO::Socket---Object-interface-to-socket-communications"></a>IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS107"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS107">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION150"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION150">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CONSTRUCTOR3"><a class="permalink" href="#CONSTRUCTOR3">#</a>CONSTRUCTOR</dt> <dd> <p>new ( [ARGS] )</p> </dd> <dt id="METHODS7"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS7">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol</p> </dd> <dt id="SUB-CLASSES"><a class="permalink" href="#SUB-CLASSES">#</a><a id="SUB"></a>SUB-CLASSES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="IO::Socket::INET"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::Socket::INET">#</a><a id="IO7"></a>IO::Socket::INET</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS8"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS8">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()</p> </dd> <dt id="IO::Socket::UNIX"><a class="permalink" href="#IO::Socket::UNIX">#</a><a id="IO8"></a>IO::Socket::UNIX</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS9"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS9">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>hostpath(), peerpath()</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO50"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO50">#</a><a id="SEE50"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR52"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR52">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT8"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT8">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IPC::Open2,-open2-open-a-process-for-both-reading-and-writing"><a class="permalink" href="#IPC::Open2,-open2-open-a-process-for-both-reading-and-writing">#</a><a id="IPC"></a><a id="IPC::Open2-open2---open-a-process-for-both-reading-and-writing"></a>IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS108"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS108">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION151"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION151">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING6"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING6">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO51"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO51">#</a><a id="SEE51"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IPC::Open3,-open3-open-a-process-for-reading,-writing,-and-error-handling"><a class="permalink" href="#IPC::Open3,-open3-open-a-process-for-reading,-writing,-and-error-handling">#</a><a id="IPC1"></a><a id="IPC::Open3-open3---open-a-process-for-reading-writing-and-error-handling"></a>IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS109"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS109">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION152"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION152">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING7"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING7">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IPC::SysV-SysV-IPC-constants"><a class="permalink" href="#IPC::SysV-SysV-IPC-constants">#</a><a id="IPC2"></a><a id="IPC::SysV---SysV-IPC-constants"></a>IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS110"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS110">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION153"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION153">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>ftok( PATH, ID )</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO52"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO52">#</a><a id="SEE52"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS7"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS7">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT9"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT9">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IPC::SysV::Msg,-IPC::Msg-SysV-Msg-IPC-object-class"><a class="permalink" href="#IPC::SysV::Msg,-IPC::Msg-SysV-Msg-IPC-object-class">#</a><a id="IPC3"></a><a id="IPC::SysV::Msg-IPC::Msg---SysV-Msg-IPC-object-class"></a>IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS111"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS111">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION154"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION154">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS10"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS10">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO53"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO53">#</a><a id="SEE53"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR53"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR53">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT10"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT10">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="IPC::SysV::Semaphore,-IPC::Semaphore-SysV-Semaphore-IPC-object-class"><a class="permalink" href="#IPC::SysV::Semaphore,-IPC::Semaphore-SysV-Semaphore-IPC-object-class">#</a><a id="IPC4"></a><a id="IPC::SysV::Semaphore-IPC::Semaphore---SysV-Semaphore-IPC-object-class"></a>IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS112"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS112">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION155"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION155">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="METHODS11"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS11">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO54"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO54">#</a><a id="SEE54"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR54"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR54">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT11"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT11">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Math::BigFloat-Arbitrary-length-float-math-package"><a class="permalink" href="#Math::BigFloat-Arbitrary-length-float-math-package">#</a><a id="Math"></a><a id="Math::BigFloat---Arbitrary-length-float-math-package"></a>Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS113"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS113">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION156"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION156">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to</p> </dd> <dt id="BUGS29"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS29">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR55"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR55">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Math::BigInt-Arbitrary-size-integer-math-package"><a class="permalink" href="#Math::BigInt-Arbitrary-size-integer-math-package">#</a><a id="Math1"></a><a id="Math::BigInt---Arbitrary-size-integer-math-package"></a>Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS114"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS114">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION157"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION157">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>Canonical notation, Input, Output</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES11"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES11">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Autocreating-constants"><a class="permalink" href="#Autocreating-constants">#</a><a id="Autocreating"></a>Autocreating constants</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS30"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS30">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR56"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR56">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Math::Complex-complex-numbers-and-associated-mathematical-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Math::Complex-complex-numbers-and-associated-mathematical-functions">#</a><a id="Math2"></a><a id="Math::Complex---complex-numbers-and-associated-mathematical-functions"></a>Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS115"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS115">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION158"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION158">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="OPERATIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#OPERATIONS">#</a>OPERATIONS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CREATION"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATION">#</a>CREATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="STRINGIFICATION"><a class="permalink" href="#STRINGIFICATION">#</a>STRINGIFICATION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="USAGE2"><a class="permalink" href="#USAGE2">#</a>USAGE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="ERRORS-DUE-TO-DIVISION-BY-ZERO-OR-LOGARITHM-OF-ZERO"><a class="permalink" href="#ERRORS-DUE-TO-DIVISION-BY-ZERO-OR-LOGARITHM-OF-ZERO">#</a><a id="ERRORS"></a>ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="ERRORS-DUE-TO-INDIGESTIBLE-ARGUMENTS"><a class="permalink" href="#ERRORS-DUE-TO-INDIGESTIBLE-ARGUMENTS">#</a><a id="ERRORS1"></a>ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS31"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS31">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS8"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS8">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Math::Trig-trigonometric-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Math::Trig-trigonometric-functions">#</a><a id="Math3"></a><a id="Math::Trig---trigonometric-functions"></a>Math::Trig - trigonometric functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS116"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS116">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION159"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION159">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="TRIGONOMETRIC-FUNCTIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#TRIGONOMETRIC-FUNCTIONS">#</a><a id="TRIGONOMETRIC"></a>TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p><b>tan</b></p> <dl> <dt id="ERRORS-DUE-TO-DIVISION-BY-ZERO"><a class="permalink" href="#ERRORS-DUE-TO-DIVISION-BY-ZERO">#</a><a id="ERRORS2"></a>ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SIMPLE-(REAL)-ARGUMENTS,-COMPLEX-RESULTS"><a class="permalink" href="#SIMPLE-(REAL)-ARGUMENTS,-COMPLEX-RESULTS">#</a><a id="SIMPLE"></a><a id="SIMPLE-REAL-ARGUMENTS-COMPLEX-RESULTS"></a>SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="PLANE-ANGLE-CONVERSIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#PLANE-ANGLE-CONVERSIONS">#</a><a id="PLANE"></a>PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="RADIAL-COORDINATE-CONVERSIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#RADIAL-COORDINATE-CONVERSIONS">#</a><a id="RADIAL"></a>RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="COORDINATE-SYSTEMS"><a class="permalink" href="#COORDINATE-SYSTEMS">#</a><a id="COORDINATE"></a>COORDINATE SYSTEMS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="3-D-ANGLE-CONVERSIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#3-D-ANGLE-CONVERSIONS">#</a><a id="3"></a><a id="D-ANGLE-CONVERSIONS"></a>3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS</dt> <dd> <p>cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="GREAT-CIRCLE-DISTANCES"><a class="permalink" href="#GREAT-CIRCLE-DISTANCES">#</a><a id="GREAT"></a>GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES12"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES12">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS32"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS32">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS9"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS9">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="NDBM_File-Tied-access-to-ndbm-files"><a class="permalink" href="#NDBM_File-Tied-access-to-ndbm-files">#</a><a id="NDBM_File"></a><a id="NDBM_File---Tied-access-to-ndbm-files"></a>NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS117"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS117">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION160"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION160">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Net::Ping-check-a-remote-host-for-reachability"><a class="permalink" href="#Net::Ping-check-a-remote-host-for-reachability">#</a><a id="Net"></a><a id="Net::Ping---check-a-remote-host-for-reachability"></a>Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS118"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS118">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION161"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION161">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="Functions1"><a class="permalink" href="#Functions1">#</a>Functions</dt> <dd> <p>Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="WARNING8"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING8">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTES7"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTES7">#</a>NOTES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Net::hostent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-gethost*()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Net::hostent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-gethost*()-functions">#</a><a id="Net1"></a><a id="Net::hostent---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-gethost-functions"></a>Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS119"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS119">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION162"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION162">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES13"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES13">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE4"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE4">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR57"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR57">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Net::netent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getnet*()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Net::netent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getnet*()-functions">#</a><a id="Net2"></a><a id="Net::netent---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-getnet-functions"></a>Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS120"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS120">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION163"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION163">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES14"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES14">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE5"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE5">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR58"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR58">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Net::protoent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getproto*()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Net::protoent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getproto*()-functions">#</a><a id="Net3"></a><a id="Net::protoent---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-getproto-functions"></a>Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS121"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS121">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION164"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION164">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE6"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE6">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR59"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR59">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Net::servent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getserv*()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Net::servent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getserv*()-functions">#</a><a id="Net4"></a><a id="Net::servent---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-getserv-functions"></a>Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS122"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS122">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION165"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION165">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES15"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES15">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE7"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE7">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR60"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR60">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="ODBM_File-Tied-access-to-odbm-files"><a class="permalink" href="#ODBM_File-Tied-access-to-odbm-files">#</a><a id="ODBM_File"></a><a id="ODBM_File---Tied-access-to-odbm-files"></a>ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS123"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS123">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION166"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION166">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Opcode-Disable-named-opcodes-when-compiling-perl-code"><a class="permalink" href="#Opcode-Disable-named-opcodes-when-compiling-perl-code">#</a><a id="Opcode"></a><a id="Opcode---Disable-named-opcodes-when-compiling-perl-code"></a>Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS124"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS124">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION167"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION167">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE8"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE8">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="WARNING9"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING9">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Operator-Names-and-Operator-Lists"><a class="permalink" href="#Operator-Names-and-Operator-Lists">#</a><a id="Operator"></a>Operator Names and Operator Lists</dt> <dd> <p>an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)</p> </dd> <dt id="Opcode-Functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Opcode-Functions">#</a><a id="Opcode1"></a>Opcode Functions</dt> <dd> <p>opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)</p> </dd> <dt id="Manipulating-Opsets"><a class="permalink" href="#Manipulating-Opsets">#</a><a id="Manipulating1"></a>Manipulating Opsets</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="TO-DO-(maybe)"><a class="permalink" href="#TO-DO-(maybe)">#</a><a id="TO"></a><a id="TO-DO-maybe"></a>TO DO (maybe)</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Predefined-Opcode-Tags"><a class="permalink" href="#Predefined-Opcode-Tags">#</a><a id="Predefined1"></a>Predefined Opcode Tags</dt> <dd> <p>:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO55"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO55">#</a><a id="SEE55"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS10"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS10">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Opcode::Safe,-Safe-Compile-and-execute-code-in-restricted-compartments"><a class="permalink" href="#Opcode::Safe,-Safe-Compile-and-execute-code-in-restricted-compartments">#</a><a id="Opcode2"></a><a id="Opcode::Safe-Safe---Compile-and-execute-code-in-restricted-compartments"></a>Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS125"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS125">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION168"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION168">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>a new namespace, an operator mask</p> </dd> <dt id="WARNING10"><a class="permalink" href="#WARNING10">#</a>WARNING</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="RECENT-CHANGES"><a class="permalink" href="#RECENT-CHANGES">#</a><a id="RECENT"></a>RECENT CHANGES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Methods-in-class-Safe"><a class="permalink" href="#Methods-in-class-Safe">#</a><a id="Methods6"></a>Methods in class Safe</dt> <dd> <p>permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)</p> </dd> <dt id="Some-Safety-Issues"><a class="permalink" href="#Some-Safety-Issues">#</a><a id="Some"></a>Some Safety Issues</dt> <dd> <p>Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes</p> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR61"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR61">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Opcode::ops,-ops-Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-operations-when-compiling"><a class="permalink" href="#Opcode::ops,-ops-Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-operations-when-compiling">#</a><a id="Opcode3"></a><a id="Opcode::ops-ops---Perl-pragma-to-restrict-unsafe-operations-when-compiling"></a>Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS126"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS126">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION169"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION169">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO56"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO56">#</a><a id="SEE56"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="POSIX-Perl-interface-to-IEEE-Std-1003.1"><a class="permalink" href="#POSIX-Perl-interface-to-IEEE-Std-1003.1">#</a><a id="POSIX"></a><a id="POSIX---Perl-interface-to-IEEE-Std-1003.1"></a>POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS127"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS127">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION170"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION170">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE9"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE9">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS4"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS4">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS3"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS3">#</a>FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p>_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write</p> </dd> <dt id="CLASSES"><a class="permalink" href="#CLASSES">#</a>CLASSES</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="POSIX::SigAction"><a class="permalink" href="#POSIX::SigAction">#</a><a id="POSIX1"></a>POSIX::SigAction</dt> <dd> <p>new</p> </dd> <dt id="POSIX::SigSet"><a class="permalink" href="#POSIX::SigSet">#</a><a id="POSIX2"></a>POSIX::SigSet</dt> <dd> <p>new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember</p> </dd> <dt id="POSIX::Termios"><a class="permalink" href="#POSIX::Termios">#</a><a id="POSIX3"></a>POSIX::Termios</dt> <dd> <p>new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="PATHNAME-CONSTANTS"><a class="permalink" href="#PATHNAME-CONSTANTS">#</a><a id="PATHNAME"></a>PATHNAME CONSTANTS</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="POSIX-CONSTANTS"><a class="permalink" href="#POSIX-CONSTANTS">#</a><a id="POSIX4"></a>POSIX CONSTANTS</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="SYSTEM-CONFIGURATION"><a class="permalink" href="#SYSTEM-CONFIGURATION">#</a><a id="SYSTEM"></a>SYSTEM CONFIGURATION</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="ERRNO"><a class="permalink" href="#ERRNO">#</a>ERRNO</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="FCNTL"><a class="permalink" href="#FCNTL">#</a>FCNTL</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="FLOAT"><a class="permalink" href="#FLOAT">#</a>FLOAT</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="LIMITS"><a class="permalink" href="#LIMITS">#</a>LIMITS</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="LOCALE"><a class="permalink" href="#LOCALE">#</a>LOCALE</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="MATH"><a class="permalink" href="#MATH">#</a>MATH</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="SIGNAL"><a class="permalink" href="#SIGNAL">#</a>SIGNAL</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="STAT"><a class="permalink" href="#STAT">#</a>STAT</dt> <dd> <p>Constants, Macros</p> </dd> <dt id="STDLIB"><a class="permalink" href="#STDLIB">#</a>STDLIB</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="STDIO"><a class="permalink" href="#STDIO">#</a>STDIO</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="TIME"><a class="permalink" href="#TIME">#</a>TIME</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="UNISTD"><a class="permalink" href="#UNISTD">#</a>UNISTD</dt> <dd> <p>Constants</p> </dd> <dt id="WAIT"><a class="permalink" href="#WAIT">#</a>WAIT</dt> <dd> <p>Constants, Macros</p> </dd> <dt id="CREATION1"><a class="permalink" href="#CREATION1">#</a>CREATION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Pod::Html-module-to-convert-pod-files-to-HTML"><a class="permalink" href="#Pod::Html-module-to-convert-pod-files-to-HTML">#</a><a id="Pod"></a><a id="Pod::Html---module-to-convert-pod-files-to-HTML"></a>Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS128"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS128">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION171"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION171">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="ARGUMENTS"><a class="permalink" href="#ARGUMENTS">#</a>ARGUMENTS</dt> <dd> <p>help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE3"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE3">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR62"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR62">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS33"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS33">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO57"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO57">#</a><a id="SEE57"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="COPYRIGHT12"><a class="permalink" href="#COPYRIGHT12">#</a>COPYRIGHT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Pod::Text-convert-POD-data-to-formatted-ASCII-text"><a class="permalink" href="#Pod::Text-convert-POD-data-to-formatted-ASCII-text">#</a><a id="Pod1"></a><a id="Pod::Text---convert-POD-data-to-formatted-ASCII-text"></a>Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS129"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS129">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION172"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION172">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR63"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR63">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="TODO"><a class="permalink" href="#TODO">#</a>TODO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="SDBM_File-Tied-access-to-sdbm-files"><a class="permalink" href="#SDBM_File-Tied-access-to-sdbm-files">#</a><a id="SDBM_File"></a><a id="SDBM_File---Tied-access-to-sdbm-files"></a>SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS130"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS130">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION173"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION173">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Search::Dict,-look-search-for-key-in-dictionary-file"><a class="permalink" href="#Search::Dict,-look-search-for-key-in-dictionary-file">#</a><a id="Search"></a><a id="Search::Dict-look---search-for-key-in-dictionary-file"></a>Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS131"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS131">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION174"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION174">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="SelectSaver-save-and-restore-selected-file-handle"><a class="permalink" href="#SelectSaver-save-and-restore-selected-file-handle">#</a><a id="SelectSaver"></a><a id="SelectSaver---save-and-restore-selected-file-handle"></a>SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS132"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS132">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION175"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION175">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="SelfLoader-load-functions-only-on-demand"><a class="permalink" href="#SelfLoader-load-functions-only-on-demand">#</a><a id="SelfLoader"></a><a id="SelfLoader---load-functions-only-on-demand"></a>SelfLoader - load functions only on demand</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS133"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS133">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION176"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION176">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="The-__DATA__-token"><a class="permalink" href="#The-__DATA__-token">#</a><a id="The43"></a>The __DATA__ token</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SelfLoader-autoloading"><a class="permalink" href="#SelfLoader-autoloading">#</a><a id="SelfLoader1"></a>SelfLoader autoloading</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Autoloading-and-package-lexicals"><a class="permalink" href="#Autoloading-and-package-lexicals">#</a><a id="Autoloading1"></a>Autoloading and package lexicals</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SelfLoader-and-AutoLoader"><a class="permalink" href="#SelfLoader-and-AutoLoader">#</a><a id="SelfLoader2"></a>SelfLoader and AutoLoader</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="__DATA__,-__END__,-and-the-FOOBAR::DATA-filehandle."><a class="permalink" href="#__DATA__,-__END__,-and-the-FOOBAR::DATA-filehandle.">#</a><a id="__DATA__"></a><a id="DATA__-__END__-and-the-FOOBAR::DATA-filehandle"></a>__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Classes-and-inherited-methods."><a class="permalink" href="#Classes-and-inherited-methods.">#</a><a id="Classes"></a><a id="Classes-and-inherited-methods"></a>Classes and inherited methods.</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="Multiple-packages-and-fully-qualified-subroutine-names"><a class="permalink" href="#Multiple-packages-and-fully-qualified-subroutine-names">#</a><a id="Multiple2"></a>Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Shell-run-shell-commands-transparently-within-perl"><a class="permalink" href="#Shell-run-shell-commands-transparently-within-perl">#</a><a id="Shell1"></a><a id="Shell---run-shell-commands-transparently-within-perl"></a>Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS134"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS134">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION177"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION177">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR64"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR64">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Socket,-sockaddr_in,-sockaddr_un,-inet_aton,-inet_ntoa-load-the-C-socket.h-defines-and-structure-manipulators"><a class="permalink" href="#Socket,-sockaddr_in,-sockaddr_un,-inet_aton,-inet_ntoa-load-the-C-socket.h-defines-and-structure-manipulators">#</a><a id="Socket"></a><a id="Socket-sockaddr_in-sockaddr_un-inet_aton-inet_ntoa---load-the-C-socket.h-defines-and-structure-manipulators"></a>Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS135"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS135">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION178"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION178">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Symbol-manipulate-Perl-symbols-and-their-names"><a class="permalink" href="#Symbol-manipulate-Perl-symbols-and-their-names">#</a><a id="Symbol1"></a><a id="Symbol---manipulate-Perl-symbols-and-their-names"></a>Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS136"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS136">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION179"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION179">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Sys::Hostname-Try-every-conceivable-way-to-get-hostname"><a class="permalink" href="#Sys::Hostname-Try-every-conceivable-way-to-get-hostname">#</a><a id="Sys"></a><a id="Sys::Hostname---Try-every-conceivable-way-to-get-hostname"></a>Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS137"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS137">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION180"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION180">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR65"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR65">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Syslog,-Sys::Syslog,-openlog,-closelog,-setlogmask,-syslog-Perl-interface-to-the-UNIX-syslog(3)-calls"><a class="permalink" href="#Syslog,-Sys::Syslog,-openlog,-closelog,-setlogmask,-syslog-Perl-interface-to-the-UNIX-syslog(3)-calls">#</a><a id="Syslog"></a><a id="Syslog-Sys::Syslog-openlog-closelog-setlogmask-syslog---Perl-interface-to-the-UNIX-syslog-3-calls"></a>Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS138"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS138">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION181"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION181">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog</p> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES16"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES16">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DEPENDENCIES"><a class="permalink" href="#DEPENDENCIES">#</a>DEPENDENCIES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO58"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO58">#</a><a id="SEE58"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR66"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR66">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Term::Cap-Perl-termcap-interface"><a class="permalink" href="#Term::Cap-Perl-termcap-interface">#</a><a id="Term"></a><a id="Term::Cap---Perl-termcap-interface"></a>Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS139"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS139">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION182"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION182">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES17"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES17">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Term::Complete-Perl-word-completion-module"><a class="permalink" href="#Term::Complete-Perl-word-completion-module">#</a><a id="Term1"></a><a id="Term::Complete---Perl-word-completion-module"></a>Term::Complete - Perl word completion module</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS140"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS140">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION183"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION183">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p><tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs></p> </dd> <dt id="DIAGNOSTICS4"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS4">#</a>DIAGNOSTICS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS34"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS34">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR67"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR67">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Term::ReadLine-Perl-interface-to-various-readline-packages.-If-no-real-package-is-found,-substitutes-stubs-instead-of-basic-functions."><a class="permalink" href="#Term::ReadLine-Perl-interface-to-various-readline-packages.-If-no-real-package-is-found,-substitutes-stubs-instead-of-basic-functions.">#</a><a id="Term2"></a><a id="Term::ReadLine---Perl-interface-to-various-readline-packages.-If-no-real-package-is-found-substitutes-stubs-instead-of-basic-functions"></a>Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various <code>readline</code> packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS141"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS141">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION184"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION184">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="Minimal-set-of-supported-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Minimal-set-of-supported-functions">#</a><a id="Minimal"></a>Minimal set of supported functions</dt> <dd> <p><code>ReadLine</code>, <code>new</code>, <code>readline</code>, <code>addhistory</code>, <code>IN</code>, $<code>OUT</code>, <code>MinLine</code>, <code>findConsole</code>, Attribs, <code>Features</code></p> </dd> <dt id="Additional-supported-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#Additional-supported-functions">#</a><a id="Additional1"></a>Additional supported functions</dt> <dd> <p><code>tkRunning</code>, <code>ornaments</code>, <code>newTTY</code></p> </dd> <dt id="EXPORTS"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORTS">#</a>EXPORTS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="ENVIRONMENT3"><a class="permalink" href="#ENVIRONMENT3">#</a>ENVIRONMENT</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Test-provides-a-simple-framework-for-writing-test-scripts"><a class="permalink" href="#Test-provides-a-simple-framework-for-writing-test-scripts">#</a><a id="Test"></a><a id="Test---provides-a-simple-framework-for-writing-test-scripts"></a>Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS142"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS142">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION185"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION185">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="TEST-TYPES"><a class="permalink" href="#TEST-TYPES">#</a><a id="TEST"></a>TEST TYPES</dt> <dd> <p>NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS</p> </dd> <dt id="ONFAIL"><a class="permalink" href="#ONFAIL">#</a>ONFAIL</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO59"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO59">#</a><a id="SEE59"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR68"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR68">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Test::Harness-run-perl-standard-test-scripts-with-statistics"><a class="permalink" href="#Test::Harness-run-perl-standard-test-scripts-with-statistics">#</a><a id="Test1"></a><a id="Test::Harness---run-perl-standard-test-scripts-with-statistics"></a>Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS143"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS143">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION186"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION186">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <dl> <dt id="The-test-script-output"><a class="permalink" href="#The-test-script-output">#</a><a id="The44"></a>The test script output</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="EXPORT1"><a class="permalink" href="#EXPORT1">#</a>EXPORT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DIAGNOSTICS5"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS5">#</a>DIAGNOSTICS</dt> <dd> <p><code>All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s</code>, <code>FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.</code>, <code>Test returned status %d (wstat %d)</code>, <code>Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s</code>, <code>Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s</code></p> </dd> <dt id="ENVIRONMENT4"><a class="permalink" href="#ENVIRONMENT4">#</a>ENVIRONMENT</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO60"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO60">#</a><a id="SEE60"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS11"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS11">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS35"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS35">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Text::Abbrev,-abbrev-create-an-abbreviation-table-from-a-list"><a class="permalink" href="#Text::Abbrev,-abbrev-create-an-abbreviation-table-from-a-list">#</a><a id="Text"></a><a id="Text::Abbrev-abbrev---create-an-abbreviation-table-from-a-list"></a>Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS144"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS144">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION187"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION187">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE4"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE4">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Text::ParseWords-parse-text-into-an-array-of-tokens-or-array-of-arrays"><a class="permalink" href="#Text::ParseWords-parse-text-into-an-array-of-tokens-or-array-of-arrays">#</a><a id="Text1"></a><a id="Text::ParseWords---parse-text-into-an-array-of-tokens-or-array-of-arrays"></a>Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS145"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS145">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION188"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION188">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES18"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES18">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> <p>0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote)</p> </dd> <dt id="AUTHORS12"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS12">#</a>AUTHORS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Text::Soundex-Implementation-of-the-Soundex-Algorithm-as-Described-by-Knuth"><a class="permalink" href="#Text::Soundex-Implementation-of-the-Soundex-Algorithm-as-Described-by-Knuth">#</a><a id="Text2"></a><a id="Text::Soundex---Implementation-of-the-Soundex-Algorithm-as-Described-by-Knuth"></a>Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS146"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS146">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION189"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION189">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLES19"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES19">#</a>EXAMPLES</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="LIMITATIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#LIMITATIONS">#</a>LIMITATIONS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR69"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR69">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Text::Tabs-expand-and-unexpand-tabs-per-the-unix-expand(1)-and-unexpand(1)"><a class="permalink" href="#Text::Tabs-expand-and-unexpand-tabs-per-the-unix-expand(1)-and-unexpand(1)">#</a><a id="Text3"></a><a id="Text::Tabs----expand-and-unexpand-tabs-per-the-unix-expand-1-and-unexpand-1"></a>Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS147"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS147">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION190"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION190">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS36"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS36">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR70"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR70">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Text::Wrap-line-wrapping-to-form-simple-paragraphs"><a class="permalink" href="#Text::Wrap-line-wrapping-to-form-simple-paragraphs">#</a><a id="Text4"></a><a id="Text::Wrap---line-wrapping-to-form-simple-paragraphs"></a>Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS148"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS148">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION191"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION191">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE5"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE5">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS37"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS37">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR71"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR71">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Thread-multithreading"><a class="permalink" href="#Thread-multithreading">#</a><a id="Thread"></a><a id="Thread---multithreading"></a>Thread - multithreading</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS149"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS149">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION192"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION192">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS4"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS4">#</a>FUNCTIONS</dt> <dd> <p>new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE</p> </dd> <dt id="METHODS12"><a class="permalink" href="#METHODS12">#</a>METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>join, eval, tid</p> </dd> <dt id="LIMITATIONS1"><a class="permalink" href="#LIMITATIONS1">#</a>LIMITATIONS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO61"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO61">#</a><a id="SEE61"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Thread::Queue-thread-safe-queues"><a class="permalink" href="#Thread::Queue-thread-safe-queues">#</a><a id="Thread1"></a><a id="Thread::Queue---thread-safe-queues"></a>Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS150"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS150">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION193"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION193">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS-AND-METHODS"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS-AND-METHODS">#</a><a id="FUNCTIONS6"></a>FUNCTIONS AND METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending</p> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO62"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO62">#</a><a id="SEE62"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Thread::Semaphore-thread-safe-semaphores"><a class="permalink" href="#Thread::Semaphore-thread-safe-semaphores">#</a><a id="Thread2"></a><a id="Thread::Semaphore---thread-safe-semaphores"></a>Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS151"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS151">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION194"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION194">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="FUNCTIONS-AND-METHODS1"><a class="permalink" href="#FUNCTIONS-AND-METHODS1">#</a><a id="FUNCTIONS7"></a>FUNCTIONS AND METHODS</dt> <dd> <p>new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Thread::Signal-Start-a-thread-which-runs-signal-handlers-reliably"><a class="permalink" href="#Thread::Signal-Start-a-thread-which-runs-signal-handlers-reliably">#</a><a id="Thread3"></a><a id="Thread::Signal---Start-a-thread-which-runs-signal-handlers-reliably"></a>Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS152"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS152">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION195"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION195">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="BUGS38"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS38">#</a>BUGS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Thread::Specific-thread-specific-keys"><a class="permalink" href="#Thread::Specific-thread-specific-keys">#</a><a id="Thread4"></a><a id="Thread::Specific---thread-specific-keys"></a>Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS153"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS153">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Tie::Array-base-class-for-tied-arrays"><a class="permalink" href="#Tie::Array-base-class-for-tied-arrays">#</a><a id="Tie"></a><a id="Tie::Array---base-class-for-tied-arrays"></a>Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS154"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS154">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION196"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION196">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST</p> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS5"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS5">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR72"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR72">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Tie::Handle-base-class-definitions-for-tied-handles"><a class="permalink" href="#Tie::Handle-base-class-definitions-for-tied-handles">#</a><a id="Tie1"></a><a id="Tie::Handle---base-class-definitions-for-tied-handles"></a>Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS155"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS155">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION197"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION197">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this</p> </dd> <dt id="MORE-INFORMATION"><a class="permalink" href="#MORE-INFORMATION">#</a><a id="MORE1"></a>MORE INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Tie::Hash,-Tie::StdHash-base-class-definitions-for-tied-hashes"><a class="permalink" href="#Tie::Hash,-Tie::StdHash-base-class-definitions-for-tied-hashes">#</a><a id="Tie2"></a><a id="Tie::Hash-Tie::StdHash---base-class-definitions-for-tied-hashes"></a>Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS156"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS156">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION198"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION198">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this</p> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS6"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS6">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="MORE-INFORMATION1"><a class="permalink" href="#MORE-INFORMATION1">#</a><a id="MORE2"></a>MORE INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Tie::RefHash-use-references-as-hash-keys"><a class="permalink" href="#Tie::RefHash-use-references-as-hash-keys">#</a><a id="Tie3"></a><a id="Tie::RefHash---use-references-as-hash-keys"></a>Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS157"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS157">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION199"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION199">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="EXAMPLE6"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLE6">#</a>EXAMPLE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR73"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR73">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="VERSION2"><a class="permalink" href="#VERSION2">#</a>VERSION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="SEE-ALSO63"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE-ALSO63">#</a><a id="SEE63"></a>SEE ALSO</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Tie::Scalar,-Tie::StdScalar-base-class-definitions-for-tied-scalars"><a class="permalink" href="#Tie::Scalar,-Tie::StdScalar-base-class-definitions-for-tied-scalars">#</a><a id="Tie4"></a><a id="Tie::Scalar-Tie::StdScalar---base-class-definitions-for-tied-scalars"></a>Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS158"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS158">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION200"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION200">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this</p> </dd> <dt id="MORE-INFORMATION2"><a class="permalink" href="#MORE-INFORMATION2">#</a><a id="MORE3"></a>MORE INFORMATION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Tie::SubstrHash-Fixed-table-size,-fixed-key-length-hashing"><a class="permalink" href="#Tie::SubstrHash-Fixed-table-size,-fixed-key-length-hashing">#</a><a id="Tie5"></a><a id="Tie::SubstrHash---Fixed-table-size-fixed-key-length-hashing"></a>Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS159"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS159">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION201"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION201">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="CAVEATS7"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS7">#</a>CAVEATS</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Time::Local-efficiently-compute-time-from-local-and-GMT-time"><a class="permalink" href="#Time::Local-efficiently-compute-time-from-local-and-GMT-time">#</a><a id="Time1"></a><a id="Time::Local---efficiently-compute-time-from-local-and-GMT-time"></a>Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS160"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS160">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION202"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION202">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Time::gmtime-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-gmtime()-function"><a class="permalink" href="#Time::gmtime-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-gmtime()-function">#</a><a id="Time2"></a><a id="Time::gmtime---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-gmtime-function"></a>Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS161"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS161">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION203"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION203">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE10"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE10">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR74"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR74">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Time::localtime-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-localtime()-function"><a class="permalink" href="#Time::localtime-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-localtime()-function">#</a><a id="Time3"></a><a id="Time::localtime---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-localtime-function"></a>Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS162"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS162">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION204"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION204">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE11"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE11">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR75"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR75">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="Time::tm-internal-object-used-by-Time::gmtime-and-Time::localtime"><a class="permalink" href="#Time::tm-internal-object-used-by-Time::gmtime-and-Time::localtime">#</a><a id="Time4"></a><a id="Time::tm---internal-object-used-by-Time::gmtime-and-Time::localtime"></a>Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS163"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS163">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION205"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION205">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR76"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR76">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="UNIVERSAL-base-class-for-ALL-classes-(blessed-references)"><a class="permalink" href="#UNIVERSAL-base-class-for-ALL-classes-(blessed-references)">#</a><a id="UNIVERSAL1"></a><a id="UNIVERSAL---base-class-for-ALL-classes-blessed-references"></a>UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS164"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS164">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION206"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION206">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> <p>isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="User::grent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getgr*()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#User::grent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getgr*()-functions">#</a><a id="User"></a><a id="User::grent---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-getgr-functions"></a>User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS165"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS165">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION207"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION207">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE12"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE12">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR77"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR77">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="User::pwent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getpw*()-functions"><a class="permalink" href="#User::pwent-by-name-interface-to-Perl's-built-in-getpw*()-functions">#</a><a id="User1"></a><a id="User::pwent---by-name-interface-to-Perls-built-in-getpw-functions"></a>User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions</h2> <dl> <dt id="SYNOPSIS166"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS166">#</a>SYNOPSIS</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="DESCRIPTION208"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION208">#</a>DESCRIPTION</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="NOTE13"><a class="permalink" href="#NOTE13">#</a>NOTE</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="AUTHOR78"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR78">#</a>AUTHOR</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h1 id="AUXILIARY-DOCUMENTATION"><a class="permalink" href="#AUXILIARY-DOCUMENTATION">#</a><a id="AUXILIARY"></a>AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION</h1> <p>Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:</p> <dl> <dt id="a2p"><a class="permalink" href="#a2p">#</a>a2p</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="s2p"><a class="permalink" href="#s2p">#</a>s2p</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="find2perl"><a class="permalink" href="#find2perl">#</a>find2perl</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="h2ph"><a class="permalink" href="#h2ph">#</a>h2ph</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="c2ph"><a class="permalink" href="#c2ph">#</a>c2ph</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="h2xs"><a class="permalink" href="#h2xs">#</a>h2xs</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="xsubpp"><a class="permalink" href="#xsubpp">#</a>xsubpp</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="pod2man"><a class="permalink" href="#pod2man">#</a>pod2man</dt> <dd> </dd> <dt id="wrapsuid"><a class="permalink" href="#wrapsuid">#</a>wrapsuid</dt> <dd> </dd> </dl> <h1 id="AUTHOR79"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHOR79">#</a>AUTHOR</h1> <p>Larry Wall <<i>larry@wall.org</i>>, with the help of oodles of other folks.</p> <div class="pod-errors"><p>420 POD Errors</p><div class="pod-errors-detail"><p>The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:</p><dl><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 16:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 41:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 44:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 80:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 83:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 121:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 124:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 179:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 182:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 252:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 255:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 447:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 450:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 529:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 531:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 590:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 593:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 661:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 664:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 785:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 788:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 847:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 849:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1020:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1022:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1040:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1042:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1068:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1070:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1159:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1161:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1188:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1190:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1218:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1220:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1312:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1314:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1346:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1348:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1382:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1384:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1402:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1404:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1494:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1496:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1513:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1515:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1535:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1538:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1634:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1636:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1658:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1660:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1743:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1745:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1759:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1761:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1855:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1857:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1885:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1887:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1923:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1925:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1949:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 1952:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2024:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2026:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2113:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2115:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2117:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2119:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2137:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2139:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2218:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2220:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2327:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2329:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2331:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2333:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2355:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2357:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2359:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2361:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2401:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2403:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2431:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2433:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2521:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2523:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2573:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2575:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2720:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2722:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2802:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2804:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2828:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2832:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2838:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2840:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2844:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2846:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2856:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2858:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2864:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2866:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2874:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2876:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2890:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2893:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2913:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2915:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2921:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2924:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2928:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2930:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2934:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2936:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2954:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2957:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2961:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 2963:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3034:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3036:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3060:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3062:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3068:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3070:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3074:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3076:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3080:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3084:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3098:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3100:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3122:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3124:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3138:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3140:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3269:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3272:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3278:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3280:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3286:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3288:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3294:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3296:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3310:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3312:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3327:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3329:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3359:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3361:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3367:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3369:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3381:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3383:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3389:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3391:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3408:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3410:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3420:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3422:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3428:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3430:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3436:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3438:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3444:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3446:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3458:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3460:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3492:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3494:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3714:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3716:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3728:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3731:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3751:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3753:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3781:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3783:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3803:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3805:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3831:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3834:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3842:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3844:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3907:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3909:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3913:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3916:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3922:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3924:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3934:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3936:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3957:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3959:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3963:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 3965:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4069:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4072:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4120:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4122:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4126:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4128:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4132:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4135:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4139:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4141:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4147:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4149:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4169:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4172:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4186:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4188:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4205:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4207:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4211:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4213:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4228:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4230:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4258:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4261:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4265:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4267:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4305:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4308:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4339:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4342:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4351:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4353:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4416:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4418:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4437:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4439:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4443:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4446:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4456:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4458:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4472:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4474:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4478:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4480:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4486:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4488:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4496:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4498:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4508:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4510:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4514:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4516:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4524:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4526:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4542:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4544:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4558:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4560:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4566:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4568:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4576:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4578:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4586:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4588:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4599:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4601:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4605:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4607:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4618:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4620:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4633:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4635:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4641:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4643:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4651:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4653:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4659:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4661:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4669:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4671:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4685:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4687:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4697:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4700:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4739:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4742:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4746:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4749:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4753:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4755:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4759:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4761:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4777:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4780:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4802:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4804:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4822:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4825:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4833:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4836:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4856:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4859:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4897:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4899:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4907:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4910:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4916:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4918:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4930:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4932:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4948:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4951:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4968:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4970:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4980:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4982:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4996:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 4999:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5019:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5021:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5060:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5062:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5066:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5068:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5085:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5088:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5098:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5101:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5111:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5114:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5122:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5125:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5135:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5137:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5141:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5143:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5178:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5181:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5208:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5211:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5217:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5219:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5344:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5346:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5365:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5367:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5375:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5377:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5381:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5383:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5387:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5389:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5393:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5395:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5417:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5419:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5425:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5428:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5438:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5440:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5444:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5446:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5452:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5455:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5471:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5473:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5479:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5481:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5493:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5496:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5513:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5515:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5529:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5531:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5558:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5560:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5566:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5569:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5583:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5586:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5596:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5599:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5607:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5609:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5619:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5621:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5639:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5641:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5651:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5653:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5661:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5663:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5669:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5671:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5673:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5675:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5688:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5690:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5700:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5702:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5713:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5715:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5727:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5730:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5738:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5740:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5746:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5748:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5752:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5755:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5763:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5766:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5774:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5776:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5782:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5784:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5791:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5794:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5802:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5805:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5813:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5818:</dt><dd><p>'=item' outside of any '=over'</p></dd><dt><a class="permalink" href="">#</a>Around line 5836:</dt><dd><p>You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'</p></dd></dl></div></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p>Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (<a href="https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK">DBOOK</a>). Please contact him via the <a href="https://github.com/Grinnz/perldoc-browser/issues">GitHub issue tracker</a> or <a href="mailto:dbook@cpan.org">email</a> regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.</p> <p>The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via the <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues">Perl issue tracker</a>, the <a href="https://lists.perl.org/list/perl5-porters.html">mailing list</a>, or <a href="https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.perl.org/p5p">IRC</a> to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.</p> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha512-/DXTXr6nQodMUiq+IUJYCt2PPOUjrHJ9wFrqpJ3XkgPNOZVfMok7cRw6CSxyCQxXn6ozlESsSh1/sMCTF1rL/g==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.1/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha512-ubuT8Z88WxezgSqf3RLuNi5lmjstiJcyezx34yIU2gAHonIi27Na7atqzUZCOoY4CExaoFumzOsFQ2Ch+I/HCw==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/js/highlight.pack.js"></script> <script>hljs.highlightAll();</script> </body> </html>