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class="inline odd first last"><a href="/en">Home</a></span></div> </div> </div>  </div> </div>  </div>   <div id="page" class="clearfix"> <div class="container_12">   <div class="grid_12">  <div id="main" class="clearfix">  <div class="tabs"> </div>      <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-legacyproblems view-id-legacyproblems view-display-id-page_1 view-dom-id-4943dd7a625e8d03ccfc22e00ec3118e"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-16"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-16 dblabel">Problem</div> <h1 class="field-content">Urinary incontinence</h1> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-docid"> <span class="field-content"> <div id="d3vis" style="margin-right:3px !important;width:600px;"> <iframe src="/sites/en.uia.org/visuals/round.php?docid=11546190&vol=problems&dataset=narrow" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" width="600" height="600" border="0" frameborder="0" style="border:1px solid #EEE;width:600px;height:600px;"></iframe> <br />Experimental visualization of narrower problems </div> </span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-19"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-19 field-label">Other Names: </div> <span class="field-content">Incontinence of the elderly<br />Unconscious passage of urine<br />Bed wetting<br />Enuresis<br />Involuntary passage of urine<br />Nocturnal enuresis<br />Lack of bladder control<br />Impairments of urinary continence<br />Bladder control problems<br />Overactive bladder</span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-24"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-24 field-label">Nature: </div> <span class="field-content"><p>Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control or unintended leakage of urine. The involuntary loss of urine from the bladder constitutes a social or hygienic problem for the individual. It can be a cause of anxiety, social embarrassment and may limit ones social and daily activities.</p><p>Incontinence can affect people of all ages, although the reasons for childhood and adult incontinence are different. The most common types of incontinence in adults are stress incontinence, associated with weakened muscle support and bladder control triggered by childbirth or old age, and urge (or urgency) incontinence, the condition in which patients need to urinate frequently. Mixed incontinence is both problems combined.</p></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-20"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-20 field-label">Background: </div> <span class="field-content"><p>A full bladder contains about 500 ml of urine; about 350 ml are emptied during normal urination.</p><p>Urinary incontinence is a symptom of various conditions rather than a disease itself. There are three major types of urinary incontinence: (1) In <em>sphincter incontinence</em>, the muscular sphincter which is the outlet of the bladder fails to keep the opening tightly closed. Leakage can occur either intermittently or continuously. <em>Stress incontinence</em> is the most common type of sphincter-related urine leakage and generally results from a loss of normal pelvic support of the sphincter area. Stress incontinence occurs during sneezing, coughing, physical exertion, or any activity that increases intra-abdominal pressure. It is most common in females - especially elderly women. Rarer is the condition of people with a nonfunctional bladder outlet - one that is never capable of functioning as a sphincter. Such individuals either leak urine continuously or with the slightest provocation, such as changing positions. This type of sphincter incontinence is generally due to damage to the structures that are part of the sphincter or the neural supply to the sphincter. (2) <em>Urge (urgency) incontinence</em> is the involuntary loss of urine (a small or large amount) following a sudden, strong desire to urinate (urgency). This disorder is often associated with neurologic disease such as stroke, senile dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis but may also be seen in individuals without such disease. Bladder-related incontinence may result from an uncontrollable urge to void to relieve pain that occurs as the bladder fills. (3) Finally, so-called <em>overflow urinary incontinence</em> refers to the leakage of urine from a full bladder. This commonly occurs in older men whose flow of urine from the bladder is blocked by an enlarged prostate.</p><p>There are many causes of urinary incontinence. Some of these causes are related to temporary conditions. Once they are treated, the incontinence usually goes away. Temporary causes include: urinary tract infection, constipation, certain medications, and increased dietary intake of caffeine, alcohol, artificial sweeteners and carbonated beverages.</p><p>Some other causes of incontinence are not temporary. Other causes include: weakness of the muscles that hold the bladder in place; weakness of the bladder and or the sphincter muscles; overactive or underactive bladder muscles; decreases in certain hormones, especially oestrogen; and neurological disorders (<em>e.g.</em> multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease).</p></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-25"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-25 field-label">Incidence: </div> <span class="field-content"><p>Approximately 20 million adults in the USA suffer from incontinence, 85 percent of them women. A 1991 UK report found that 1 in 4 women suffers from incontinence due to childbirth, obesity, constipation, smoking, heavy lifting and the softening of ligaments during menopause.</p></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-30"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-30 field-label">Broader Problems: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="/en/problem/138681" title="Incontinence">Incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/problem/138606" title="Pregnancy disorders">Pregnancy disorders</a></br><a href="/en/problem/136770" title="Disorders of micturition">Disorders of micturition</a></br><a href="/en/problem/136373" title="Developmental disabilities">Developmental disabilities</a></br><a href="/en/problem/145959" title="Disagreeable personal conditions">Disagreeable personal conditions</a></br><a href="/en/problem/136067" title="Symptoms of genito-urinary system diseases">Symptoms of genito-urinary system diseases</a></br><a href="/en/problem/139097" title="Susceptibility of the old to physical ill-health">Susceptibility of the old to physical ill-health</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-31"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-31 field-label">Narrower Problems: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="/en/problem/156746" title="Urge incontinence">Urge incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/problem/146052" title="Stress incontinence">Stress incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/problem/167379" title="Infant incontinence">Infant incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/problem/146252" title="Fistula incontinence">Fistula incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/problem/167380" title="Overflow urinary incontinence">Overflow urinary incontinence</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-32"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-32 field-label">Related Problems: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="/en/problem/145351" title="Faecal incontinence">Faecal incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/problem/150092" title="Male mid-life crisis">Male mid-life crisis</a></br><a href="/en/problem/166294" title="Pattern of deficient bladder qi">Pattern of deficient bladder qi</a></br><a href="/en/problem/145474" title="Discrimination against people of unpleasant body odour">Discrimination against people of unpleasant body odour</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-33"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-33 field-label">Aggravates: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="/en/problem/155399" title="Excreting in public places">Excreting in public places</a></br><a href="/en/problem/145956" title="Disagreeable human body odour">Disagreeable human body odour</a></br><a href="/en/problem/137788" title="Social isolation of the elderly">Social isolation of the elderly</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-37"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-37 field-label">Strategies: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="/en/strategy/219298" title="Aiding those with incontinence">Aiding those with incontinence</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-39"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-39 field-label">Values: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="/en/value/192326" title="Continence">Continence</a></br><a href="/en/value/190721" title="Self-control">Self-control</a></br><a href="/en/value/192875" title="Voluntary">Voluntary</a></br><a href="/en/value/192342" title="Incontinence">Incontinence</a></br><a href="/en/value/191294" title="Involuntary">Involuntary</a></br><a href="/en/value/191839" title="Lack">Lack</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-28"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-28 field-label">Organizations: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100005585" title="International Children's Continence Society">International Children's Continence Society</a></br><a href="http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100004733" title="International Continence Society">International Continence Society</a></br><a href="http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100033188" title="Committee on Inland Transport">Committee on Inland Transport</a></br><a href="http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100012224" title="Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society">Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society</a></br><a href="http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100018104" title="International Enuresis Research Centre">International Enuresis Research Centre</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-27"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-27 field-label">References: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Heston, Stanley M: Bed Wetting: cause and correction&qt=search_items&search=Search" title="Search World Cat for Heston, Stanley M: Bed Wetting: cause and correction">Heston, Stanley M: Bed Wetting: cause and correction</a></br></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-41"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-41 field-label">Subject(s): </div> <span class="field-content">Consciousness <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000922" target="_self">Consciousness </a><br />Cybernetics <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000718" target="_self">Control</a><br />Health Care <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000546" target="_self">Handicapped</a><br />Innovative change <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000855" target="_self">Change</a><br />Medicine <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000154" target="_self">Urogenital system</a><br />Societal Problems <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000485" target="_self">Scarcity</a><br />Society <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000192" target="_self">Elderly</a><br />Society <span style="font-color:#999;">→</span> <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000188" target="_self">Infants</a><br /></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-42"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-42 field-label">Related UN Sustainable Development Goals: </div> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://uia.org/s/sdg/en/UN03" ><img style="border:none;width:90px;height:90px;margin: 0 5px 5px 0;" src="https://uia.org/sites/uia.org/files/img/sdgs/E_SDG goals_icons-individual-rgb-03.png" class="sdgimg" alt="GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being" /></a><a href="https://uia.org/s/sdg/en/UN10" ><img style="border:none;width:90px;height:90px;margin: 0 5px 5px 0;" src="https://uia.org/sites/uia.org/files/img/sdgs/E_SDG goals_icons-individual-rgb-10.png" class="sdgimg" alt="GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality" /></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-FM-3"> <div class="views-label views-label-FM-3 field-label">Problem Type: </div> <span class="field-content">E: Emanations of other problems</span> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-changed"> <div class="views-label views-label-changed field-label">Date of last update</div> <span class="field-content">23.04.2019 – 14:28 CEST</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>   </div> </div>   <div id="footer" class="clearfix"> <div class="container_12">  <div id="footer-inside" class="clearfix"> <div class="grid_8"> <div class="footer-area clearfix"> <div class="region region-footer-first"> <div id="block-block-7" class="block block-block"> <h2>About the Encyclopedia</h2> <div class="content"> <p><em>The Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential</em> is a unique, experimental research work of the <a href="https://uia.org">Union of International Associations</a>. 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