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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_pionjär" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_pionjär"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Liberal pionjär</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_pionjär-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forskningsresa_till_Jemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forskningsresa_till_Jemen"> <div 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</button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vidare läsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vidare läsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Forsskål</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 25 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84" title="بيتر فورسكول – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيتر فورسكول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Forsskol" title="Per Forsskol – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Per Forsskol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="پیتر فوشکول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیتر فوشکول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pehr_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Pehr Forsskål – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pehr Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="پیتر فوشکول – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیتر فوشکول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pehr_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Pehr Forsskål – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pehr Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Petter Forsskål – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Petter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84" title="بيتر فورسكول – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيتر فورسكول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pehr_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Pehr Forsskål – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pehr Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Форссколь, Пер – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Форссколь, Пер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пер Форссколь – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пер Форссколь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Peter Forsskål" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="彼得·福斯科尔 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得·福斯科尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27684#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" 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.mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Peter Forsskål</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Peter_Forsskaal_year1760.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Peter_Forsskaal_year1760.jpg/250px-Peter_Forsskaal_year1760.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Peter_Forsskaal_year1760.jpg/500px-Peter_Forsskaal_year1760.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <div style=""></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/11_januari" title="11 januari">11 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52e5c8ac968f6bbc292e99daba5443c09bd020fd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52e5c8ac968f6bbc292e99daba5443c09bd020fd-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Helsingfors" title="Helsingfors">Helsingfors</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/11_juli" title="11 juli">11 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (31 år)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerim [inte skriven än]">Jerim</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_universitet" title="Uppsala universitet">Uppsala universitet</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingens_universitet" title="Göttingens universitet">Göttingens universitet</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27684?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Botaniker" class="mw-redirect" title="Botaniker">Botaniker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forskningsresande" title="Forskningsresande">forskningsresande</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Naturvetare" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturvetare">naturvetare</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Filosof" title="Filosof">filosof</a>, iktyolog, <a href="/wiki/Uppt%C3%A4cktsresande" class="mw-redirect" title="Upptäcktsresande">upptäcktsresande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pteridolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridolog">pteridolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykolog">mykolog</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_universitet" title="Uppsala universitet">Uppsala universitet</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Johannes Forsskål">Johannes Forsskål</a><sup id="cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Peter Forsskål">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Forsskål</b>, född <a href="/wiki/11_januari" title="11 januari">11 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a> i <a href="/wiki/Helsingfors" title="Helsingfors">Helsingfors</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nyland" title="Nyland">Nyland</a>, död <a href="/wiki/11_juli" title="11 juli">11 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerim [inte skriven än]">Jerim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">svensk</a> naturforskare, <a href="/wiki/Orientalistik" title="Orientalistik">orientalist</a> och filosof och en av den svenska <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalismens</a> främsta föregångare. Han är ibland även publicerad som <b>Per Forskål</b>. </p><p>Peter Forsskål var son till kyrkoherden <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Johannes Forsskål">Johannes Forsskål</a> som då var <a href="/wiki/Kyrkoherde" title="Kyrkoherde">kyrkoherde</a> i Helsingfors. År 1740 blev fadern kyrkoherde i <a href="/wiki/Tegelsmora_socken" title="Tegelsmora socken">Tegelsmora socken</a> och familjen flyttade till <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a>. Forsskål blev redan 1742 <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">student</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_universitet" title="Uppsala universitet">Uppsala universitet</a> men fortsatte senare studierna för fadern, som 1748 blivit kyrkoherde i <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. Sedan han 1751 erhållit det Guthermuthska stipendiet återvände han till Uppsala för fortsatta studier med <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Carl von Linné</a> som en av sina lärare och sedan vid <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingens_universitet" title="Göttingens universitet">universitetet i Göttingen</a> från 1753. Officiellt studerade han teologi men filosofi och orientalisk filologi ingick bland de ämnen han studerade. År 1756 blev han filosofie magister där och sedan han återvänt till Sverige docent i ekonomi vid Uppsala universitet.<sup id="cite_ref-SBL_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingens</a> universitet var vid denna tid ett av <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tysklands</a> mer framträdande, men också känt för sitt frisinnade idéklimat, något som var politiskt möjligt eftersom det hörde hemma i det med <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> förbundna <a href="/wiki/Kungariket_Hannover" title="Kungariket Hannover">kungariket Hannover</a>. </p><p>Studierna skedde främst under ledning av filosofen och orientalisten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Christian_Hollmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Christian Hollmann [inte skriven än]">Samuel Christian Hollmann</a> samt teologen och orientalisten <a href="/wiki/Johann_David_Michaelis" title="Johann David Michaelis">Johann David Michaelis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SBL_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han var också inspirerad av <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a> och en stark kritiker av <a href="/wiki/Christian_von_Wolff" title="Christian von Wolff">Christian von Wolff</a>. Utan tvivel var han den förste egentlige upplysningsfilosofen i Sverige<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liberal_pionjär"><span id="Liberal_pionj.C3.A4r"></span>Liberal pionjär</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Liberal pionjär" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Liberal pionjär"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under sin tid i <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a> skrev Forsskål en politisk skrift, "Tankar om borgerliga friheten" (1759), som innehåller ett tidigt liberalt program där såväl politisk som ekonomisk frihet, och inte minst tryckfrihet, förordas. Boken inleds med "<i>Näst livet kan ingenting vara människorna kärare än frihet</i>". Han skriver också att heligheten hos krönta huvuden gjort att barbariska kungar kan leka med sina undersåtars liv. Med referens till England skriver Forsskål "<i>Friheten måste därför besvaras med frihet. En vis regering lämnar menigheten hellre lägenhet att yttra sitt missnöje med pennor än med gevär, vilket upplyser å ena sidan, stillar och förekommer buller och oro å den andra.</i>" </p><p>Där förekommer han alltså John F Kennedys tanke med 200 år. <i>"Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable"</i>. Från ett tal i Vita Huset 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forsskål blev därmed vid sidan av <a href="/wiki/Anders_Chydenius" title="Anders Chydenius">Anders Chydenius</a> en av den politiska liberalismens främsta pionjärer i Sverige och Finland. Censuren var ännu inte avskaffad, men Forsskål lyckades få censor <a href="/wiki/Niklas_von_Oelreich" title="Niklas von Oelreich">Niklas von Oelreichs</a> godkännande. Sedan skriften kommit ut ingrep dock rådet (det vill säga regeringen), som vid denna tid dominerades av hattpartiet med <a href="/wiki/Anders_Johan_von_H%C3%B6pken" title="Anders Johan von Höpken">Anders Johan von Höpken</a> som kanslipresident. Skriften togs i beslag och <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Carl von Linné</a> som för tillfället var rektor (och Forsskåls lärare) beordrades att samla ihop de exemplar som delats ut bland studenter i Uppsala. </p><p>Forsskåls pamflett kom att inspirera den nya lag om tryckfrihet som antogs i Sverige år 1766, den första tryckfrihetslagen som finns dokumenterad i världen<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Till dem som Forsskål inspirerat hör den tyske filosofen <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>. Ett exempel på detta är den förändring som skedde i Kants filosofiska ståndpunkt mellan 1756 och 1762, vilken innebar att han övergick från positionen som försvarare av <a href="/wiki/Christian_von_Wolff" title="Christian von Wolff">Christian von Wolff</a> till kritiker i Forsskåls anda. I detta låg en övergång från Wolffs dogmatism mot en mer empiristisk uppfattning. Inspirerad av Forsskål utgav han år 1762 en skrift med titeln: "Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren" i vilken Kant är i hög grad beroende av Forsskål och fullföljer hans logiska uppslag.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forskningsresa_till_Jemen">Forskningsresa till Jemen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Forskningsresa till Jemen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Forskningsresa till Jemen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forsskål var en av Linnés viktigaste lärjungar. I Uppsala förvärvade han kunskaper i <a href="/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik">botanik</a> som gjorde att han rekryterades till den <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">danska</a> forskningsexpeditionen till sydvästra delen av <a href="/wiki/Arabiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Arabiska halvön">Arabiska halvön</a> som startade i januari 1761. I <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> drabbades Forsskål av <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> och avled den 11 juli 1763. Den ende överlevande av expeditionens fem deltagare var <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Niebuhr" title="Carsten Niebuhr">Carsten Niebuhr</a> som återkom till Danmark 1767. </p><p>Om Forsskål skriver Niebuhr senare bland annat: "Forsskål var den lärdaste mannen i hela sällskapet, och hade han kommit tillbaka levande skulle han kanske ha varit den lärdaste i hela Europa. Han var arbetsam, han föraktade alla faror, besvärligheter och försakelser. Hans fel var hans diskussionslust, hans självrådighet och hans hetsighet". </p><p>Forsskåls unika insamlade forskningsmaterial fördes till Köpenhamn och den första dokumentationen från expeditionen utgavs på 1770-talet. En av de växter som Forsskål skickat hem gav Linné namnet <a href="/wiki/Forsskaolea_tenacissima" title="Forsskaolea tenacissima">Forsskaolea tenacissima</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> med tilläggsbeteckningarna tenacissima, hispida, adhaerens, uncinata (hårdnackad, vild, envis, kantig) till Forsskåls minne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Auktorsnamn">Auktorsnamn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Auktorsnamn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Auktorsnamn"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Auktorsnamn" title="Auktorsnamn">Auktorsnamnet</a> <i>Forssk.</i> kan användas för Peter Forsskål i samband med ett vetenskapligt namn inom botaniken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorkild_Hansen" title="Thorkild Hansen">Hansen, Thorkild</a>. <i>Det lyckliga Arabien: En forskningsfärd 1761–1767.</i> I svensk översättning av Olof Hoffsten. Stockholm: Forum, 1991</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f5c3bee193a6147724e6d236c38747afb75dd9f9_1-8"><small>i</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="svenska">Peter Forsskål</span>, <a href="/wiki/Svenskt_biografiskt_lexikon" title="Svenskt biografiskt lexikon"><span title="svenska">Svenskt biografiskt lexikon</span></a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Svenskt_biografiskt_lexikon" title="Svenskt biografiskt lexikon">Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon-ID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=14380">14380</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-27dff37986e4f78e687ba9186117b9e3e8118148_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Biografisk_Leksikon" title="Dansk Biografisk Leksikon"><span title="danska">Dansk Biografisk Lexikon</span></a></i>, Dansk biografisk Leksikon-ID: <a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8341&url_prefix=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/&id=Peter_Forsskål">Peter_Forsskål</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52e5c8ac968f6bbc292e99daba5443c09bd020fd-3"><a href="#cite_ref-52e5c8ac968f6bbc292e99daba5443c09bd020fd_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="svenska">Peter Forsskål</span>, <a href="/wiki/Biografiskt_lexikon_f%C3%B6r_Finland" title="Biografiskt lexikon för Finland"><span title="svenska">Biografiskt lexikon för Finland</span></a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Svenska_litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet_i_Finland" title="Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland">Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biografiskt_lexikon_f%C3%B6r_Finland" title="Biografiskt lexikon för Finland">Biografiskt Lexikon för Finland ID (urn.fi)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:sls-4510-1416928957116">4510-1416928957116</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBL-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-SBL_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Hildebrand" title="Bengt Hildebrand">Bengt Hildebrand</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eero_Matinolli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eero Matinolli [inte skriven än]">Eero Matinolli</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=14380">Peter Forsskål</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Svenskt_biografiskt_lexikon" title="Svenskt biografiskt lexikon">Svenskt biografiskt lexikon</a></i> (1964-1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Sökandet efter upplysningen. Tore Frängsmyr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191843730.001.0001/q-oro-ed5-00006245">”John F. Kennedy”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Oxford Reference</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191843730.001.0001%2Fq-oro-ed5-00006245">10.1093/acref/9780191843730.001.0001/q-oro-ed5-00006245</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191843730.001.0001/q-oro-ed5-00006245">https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191843730.001.0001/q-oro-ed5-00006245</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=John+F.+Kennedy&rft.atitle=Oxford+Reference&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191843730.001.0001%2Fq-oro-ed5-00006245&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191843730.001.0001%2Fq-oro-ed5-00006245&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFUlla_Carlsson,_David_Goldberg2017">Ulla Carlsson, David Goldberg, red (2017). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sv/publikationer/legacy-peter-forsskal">The Legacy of Peter Forsskål. 250 Years of Freedom of Expression</a></i>. Nordicom<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sv/publikationer/legacy-peter-forsskal">http://www.nordicom.gu.se/sv/publikationer/legacy-peter-forsskal</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Peter+Forssk%C3%A5l.+250+Years+of+Freedom+of+Expression&rft.date=2017&rft.pub=Nordicom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nordicom.gu.se%2Fsv%2Fpublikationer%2Flegacy-peter-forsskal&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Johan Dellner, Forsskåls Filosofi, Natur och Kultur, Stockholm 1953, s. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linnaeus.nrm.se/botany/fbo/f/forss/forsten1.html.se">linnaeus.nrm.se</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFNordin,_Torgny1996">Nordin, Torgny (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/en-svensk-filosof-i-lyckliga-arabien/">”En svensk filosof i Lyckliga Arabien.”</a>. <i>Populär historia</i> (Lund: Populär historia, 1991–) 1996:5,: sid. 28–36: ill.. ISSN 1102-0822. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/ISSN">1102-0822 ISSN 1102-0822</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/en-svensk-filosof-i-lyckliga-arabien/">http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/en-svensk-filosof-i-lyckliga-arabien/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=En+svensk+filosof+i+Lyckliga+Arabien.&rft.jtitle=Popul%C3%A4r+historia&rft.aulast=Nordin%2C+Torgny&rft.au=Nordin%2C+Torgny&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=1996%3A5%2C&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B28%E2%80%9336%3A+ill.&rft.pub=Lund%3A+Popul%C3%A4r+historia%2C+1991%E2%80%93&rft.issn=ISSN+1102-0822&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularhistoria.se%2Fartiklar%2Fen-svensk-filosof-i-lyckliga-arabien%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/2222679">2222679</a></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFProvençal,_Philippe1999">Provençal, Philippe (1999). ”Peter Forsskåls bidrag til arabisk leksikografi”. <i>Fund og forskning i Det Kongelige biblioteks samlinger</i> (København: Det Kongelige Bibliotek, 1954–) 1999 (Bd 38),: sid. [135]–152: ill.. ISSN 0069-9896. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/ISSN">0069-9896 ISSN 0069-9896</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peter+Forssk%C3%A5ls+bidrag+til+arabisk+leksikografi&rft.jtitle=Fund+og+forskning+i+Det+Kongelige+biblioteks+samlinger&rft.aulast=Proven%C3%A7al%2C+Philippe&rft.au=Proven%C3%A7al%2C+Philippe&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=1999+%28Bd+38%29%2C&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B%5B135%5D%E2%80%93152%3A+ill.&rft.pub=K%C3%B8benhavn%3A+Det+Kongelige+Bibliotek%2C+1954%E2%80%93&rft.issn=ISSN+0069-9896&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/3287531">3287531</a></li> <li>Spangenberg, Carl Gustaf (2009), "Tankar om den borgerliga friheten. Peter Forsskåls skrift om tryckfriheten 250 år." <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Universitatis_Upsaliensis" title="Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis">Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis</a>. Skrifter rörande Uppsala universitet.</i> B. Inbjudningar 159. Uppsala 2009</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning_2"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning_2"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Hildebrand" title="Bengt Hildebrand">Bengt Hildebrand</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eero_Matinolli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eero Matinolli [inte skriven än]">Eero Matinolli</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=14380">Peter Forsskål</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Svenskt_biografiskt_lexikon" title="Svenskt biografiskt lexikon">Svenskt biografiskt lexikon</a></i> (1964-1966)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> Wikisource har verk av eller om <a href="https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" class="extiw" title="src:Författare:Peter Forsskål">Peter Forsskål</a>.<div class="interProject wikisource" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" class="extiw" title="src:Författare:Peter Forsskål">Originalverk</a></div></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" class="extiw" title="commons:Peter Forsskål">Peter Forsskål</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" class="extiw" title="commons:Peter Forsskål">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/lvd/5_2.html">Resa till "det lyckliga Arabien" - Peter Forsskål (1732-1763)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://litteraturbanken.se/författare/ForsskålP">Peter Forsskål (1732-1763)</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Litteraturbanken" title="Litteraturbanken">Litteraturbanken</a></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=2465">”Forsskål, Peter”</a>. <i><span><a href="/wiki/Biografiskt_lexikon_f%C3%B6r_Finland" title="Biografiskt lexikon för Finland">Biografiskt lexikon för Finland</a></span></i>. Helsingfors: <a href="/wiki/Svenska_litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet_i_Finland" title="Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland">Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland</a>. 2008–2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:sls-4510-1416928957116">URN:NBN:fi:sls-4510-1416928957116</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Forssk%C3%A5l%2C+Peter&rft.atitle=%5B%5BBiografiskt+lexikon+f%C3%B6r+Finland%5D%5D&rft.date=2008%E2%80%932011&rft.place=Helsingfors&rft.pub=%5B%5BSvenska+litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet+i+Finland%5D%5D&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Svenska_orientalister" title="Mall:Svenska orientalister"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Svenska_orientalister&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Svenska <a href="/wiki/Orientalistik" title="Orientalistik">orientalister</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Magnus_Agrell" title="Carl Magnus Agrell">Carl Magnus Agrell</a> | <a href="/wiki/Herman_Almkvist" title="Herman Almkvist">Herman Almkvist</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tor_Andr%C3%A6" title="Tor Andræ">Tor Andræ</a> | <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Asp" title="Matthias Asp">Matthias Asp</a> | <a href="/wiki/Carl_Aurivillius" title="Carl Aurivillius">Carl Aurivillius</a> | <a href="/wiki/Henric_Benzelius" title="Henric Benzelius">Henric Benzelius</a> | <a href="/wiki/Carl_Fredrik_Bergstedt" title="Carl Fredrik Bergstedt">Carl Fredrik Bergstedt</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jonas_Bj%C3%B6rnst%C3%A5hl" title="Jacob Jonas Björnståhl">Jacob Jonas Björnståhl</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Magnus_Bolm%C3%A9er" title="Bengt Magnus Bolméer">Bengt Magnus Bolméer</a> | <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Brenner" title="Henrik Brenner">Henrik Brenner</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bureus" title="Johannes Bureus">Johannes Bureus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Olof_Celsius_den_%C3%A4ldre" title="Olof Celsius den äldre">Olof Celsius den äldre</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johan_Fredrik_Sebastian_Crusenstolpe" title="Johan Fredrik Sebastian Crusenstolpe">Johan Fredrik Sebastian Crusenstolpe</a> | <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Konstantin_Mouradgea_d%27Ohsson" title="Abraham Konstantin Mouradgea d'Ohsson">Abraham Konstantin Mouradgea d'Ohsson</a> | <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Dublar" title="Magnus Dublar">Magnus Dublar</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johan_Engestr%C3%B6m" title="Johan Engeström">Johan Engeström</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Forsskål</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Hambraeus" title="Jonas Hambraeus">Jonas Hambraeus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sven_S._Hartman" title="Sven S. Hartman">Sven S. Hartman</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Fredrik_Hesse" title="Jonas Fredrik Hesse">Jonas Fredrik Hesse</a> | <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Holm" title="Petrus Holm">Petrus Holm</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bo_Holmberg_(semitisk_filolog)" title="Bo Holmberg (semitisk filolog)">Bo Holmberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bonde_Humerus" title="Bonde Humerus">Bonde Humerus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Achatius_Kahl" title="Achatius Kahl">Achatius Kahl</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Kahle" title="Sigrid Kahle">Sigrid Kahle</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Kn%C3%B6s" title="Gustaf Knös">Gustaf Knös</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tryggve_Kronholm" title="Tryggve Kronholm">Tryggve Kronholm</a> | <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Landberg" title="Carlo Landberg">Carlo Landberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Lillieblad" title="Gustaf Lillieblad">Gustaf Lillieblad</a> | <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gerhard_Lindgren" title="Henrik Gerhard Lindgren">Henrik Gerhard Lindgren</a> | <a href="/wiki/Arne_Melvinger" title="Arne Melvinger">Arne Melvinger</a> | <a href="/wiki/Axel_Moberg" title="Axel Moberg">Axel Moberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Davoud_Monchi-Zadeh" title="Davoud Monchi-Zadeh">Davoud Monchi-Zadeh</a> | <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Norberg" title="Matthias Norberg">Matthias Norberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johan_Teodor_Nordling" title="Johan Teodor Nordling">Johan Teodor Nordling</a> | <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Norrelius" title="Andreas Norrelius">Andreas Norrelius</a> | <a href="/wiki/H.S._Nyberg" title="H.S. Nyberg">H.S. Nyberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Otter_(orientalist)" title="Jonas Otter (orientalist)">Jonas Otter</a> | <a href="/wiki/Claes_Ramstr%C3%B6m" title="Claes Ramström">Claes Ramström</a> | <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Rignell" title="Gösta Rignell">Gösta Rignell</a> | <a href="/wiki/Karl-Erik_Rignell" title="Karl-Erik Rignell">Karl-Erik Rignell</a> | <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schult%C3%A9n" title="Carl Schultén">Carl Schultén</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Sj%C3%B6bring_(professor)" title="Pehr Sjöbring (professor)">Pehr Sjöbring</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gabriel_Sparfwenfeldt" title="Johan Gabriel Sparfwenfeldt">Johan Gabriel Sparfwenfeldt</a> | <a href="/wiki/Haquin_Stridsberg" title="Haquin Stridsberg">Haquin Stridsberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Anders_Svanborg" title="Anders Svanborg">Anders Svanborg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Esaias_Tegn%C3%A9r_den_yngre" title="Esaias Tegnér den yngre">Esaias Tegnér den yngre</a> | <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Thorberg" title="Abraham Thorberg">Abraham Thorberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johan_Adam_Tingstadius" title="Johan Adam Tingstadius">Johan Adam Tingstadius</a> | <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Toll" title="Christopher Toll">Christopher Toll</a> | <a href="/wiki/Carl_Johan_Tornberg" title="Carl Johan Tornberg">Carl Johan Tornberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Hampus_Tullberg" title="Hampus Tullberg">Hampus Tullberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fredrik_Tullberg" title="Otto Fredrik Tullberg">Otto Fredrik Tullberg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bo_Utas" title="Bo Utas">Bo Utas</a> | <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Vitestam" title="Gösta Vitestam">Gösta Vitestam</a> | <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wallin_den_yngre" title="Georg Wallin den yngre">Georg Wallin den yngre</a> | <a href="/wiki/Geo_Widengren" title="Geo Widengren">Geo Widengren</a> | <a href="/wiki/Herman_Emanuel_Yllander" title="Herman Emanuel Yllander">Herman Emanuel Yllander</a> | <a href="/wiki/Karl_Vilhelm_Zetterst%C3%A9en" title="Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen">Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen</a> | <a href="/wiki/Johan_David_%C3%85kerblad" title="Johan David Åkerblad">Johan David Åkerblad</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Mall:Carl von Linné"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Carl von Linné</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Levnad och verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Elisabeth_Moraea" title="Sara Elisabeth Moraea">Sara Elisabeth Moraea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9_den_yngre" title="Carl von Linné den yngre">Carl von Linné den yngre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Christina_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Elisabeth Christina von Linné">Elisabeth Christina von Linné</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_sexualsystem" title="Linnés sexualsystem">Linnés sexualsystem</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amoenitates_Academicae" title="Amoenitates Academicae">Amoenitates Academicae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Philosophia_botanica" title="Philosophia botanica">Philosophia botanica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Species_plantarum" title="Species plantarum">Species plantarum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Flora_Lapponica" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora Lapponica">Flora Lapponica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Systema_naturae" title="Systema naturae">Systema naturae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_lappl%C3%A4ndska_resa" title="Linnés lappländska resa">Resan till Lappland</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_resa_till_%C3%96land_och_Gotland" title="Linnés resa till Öland och Gotland">Resan till Öland och Gotland</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="7"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carl von Linné"><img alt="Carl von Linné" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/75px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/113px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/150px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="2342" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_l%C3%A4rjungar" title="Linnés lärjungar">Linnés lärjungar</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Acharius" title="Erik Acharius">Erik Acharius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Adler" title="Fredrik Adler">Carl Fredrik Adler</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Per_Adlerheim" title="Per Adlerheim">Per Adlerheim</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Berlin" title="Andreas Berlin">Andreas Berlin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_von_der_Burg" title="Hieronymus von der Burg">Hieronymus von der Burg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johan_Peter_Falck" title="Johan Peter Falck">Johan Peter Falck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Forsskål</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Birger_Martin_Hall" title="Birger Martin Hall">Birger Martin Hall</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Hasselquist" title="Fredrik Hasselquist">Fredrik Hasselquist</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Kalm" title="Pehr Kalm">Pehr Kalm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Lidbeck" title="Erik Gustaf Lidbeck">Erik Gustaf Lidbeck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pehr_L%C3%B6fling" title="Pehr Löfling">Pehr Löfling</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Osbeck" title="Pehr Osbeck">Pehr Osbeck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rolander" title="Daniel Rolander">Daniel Rolander</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rolandsson_Martin" title="Anton Rolandsson Martin">Anton Rolandsson Martin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Rothman" title="Göran Rothman">Göran Rothman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Daniel Solander</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Sparrman" title="Anders Sparrman">Anders Sparrman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Peter_Thunberg" title="Carl Peter Thunberg">Carl Peter Thunberg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Tidstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Tidström">Anders Tidström</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Olof_Tor%C3%A9n" title="Olof Torén">Olof Torén</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_T%C3%A4rnstr%C3%B6m" title="Christoffer Tärnström">Christoffer Tärnström</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Platser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5shult" title="Råshult">Råshult</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9museet" title="Linnémuseet">Linnémuseet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_Hammarby" title="Linnés Hammarby">Linnés Hammarby</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_S%C3%A4vja" title="Linnés Sävja">Linnés Sävja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9tr%C3%A4dg%C3%A5rden" title="Linnéträdgården">Linnéträdgården</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linneanum" title="Linneanum">Linneanum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9s_br%C3%B6llopsstuga" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnés bröllopsstuga">Linnés bröllopsstuga</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Linnea_(v%C3%A4xt)" title="Linnea (växt)">Linnea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9monumentet" title="Linnémonumentet">Linnémonumentet i Stockholm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linnean_Society_of_London" title="Linnean Society of London">Linnean Society of London</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svenska_Linn%C3%A9s%C3%A4llskapet" title="Svenska Linnésällskapet">Svenska Linnésällskapet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linnean_Medal" title="Linnean Medal">Linnean Medal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9medaljen" title="Linnémedaljen">Linnémedaljen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rojsu_och_Linn%C3%A9s_ask" title="Rojsu och Linnés ask">Linnés ask</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/7412_Linnaeus" title="7412 Linnaeus">7412 Linnaeus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linn%C3%A9_(m%C3%A5nkrater)" title="Linné (månkrater)">Linné (månkrater)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:yellow;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Liberalism" title="Mall:Liberalism"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Liberalism&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Riktningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Internationella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkokapitalism" title="Anarkokapitalism">Anarkokapitalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Liberalfeminism" title="Liberalfeminism">Feministisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_och_progressivism_inom_islam" title="Liberalism och progressivism inom islam">Islamisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_liberalism" title="Klassisk liberalism">Klassisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Konservativ_liberalism" title="Konservativ liberalism">Konservativ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Minarkism" title="Minarkism">Minarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nationalliberalism" title="Nationalliberalism">National</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nyliberalism" title="Nyliberalism">Ny</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Objektivism_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objektivism (Ayn Rand)">Objektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Panarkism" title="Panarkism">Panarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Socialliberalism" title="Socialliberalism">Social</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Nationella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_liberalism" title="Amerikansk liberalism">Amerikansk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Neolibertarianism" title="Neolibertarianism">Neo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Liberalism_i_Storbritannien" title="Kategori:Liberalism i Storbritannien">Brittisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Liberalism_i_Danmark" title="Kategori:Liberalism i Danmark">Dansk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_i_Sverige" title="Liberalism i Sverige">Svensk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Liberalism_i_Tyskland" title="Kategori:Liberalism i Tyskland">Tysk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Liberalism_efter_land" title="Kategori:Liberalism efter land">Mer</a></b></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_Locke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Locke (1632–1704), känd som "liberalismens fader""><img alt="John Locke (1632–1704), känd som "liberalismens fader"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/110px-John_Locke.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/165px-John_Locke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/220px-John_Locke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company,_c1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), grundaren till den moderna liberalismen"><img alt="John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), grundaren till den moderna liberalismen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg/110px-John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg/165px-John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg/220px-John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Filosofi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Begrepp</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frihet" title="Frihet">Frihet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frihandel" title="Frihandel">Handel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Fri_marknad" title="Fri marknad">Marknad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Religionsfrihet" title="Religionsfrihet">Religion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Frisinne" title="Frisinne">Sinne</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Tryckfrihet" title="Tryckfrihet">Tryck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yttrandefrihet" title="Yttrandefrihet">Yttrande</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mlikhet" title="Jämlikhet">Jämlikhet</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mst%C3%A4lldhet" title="Jämställdhet">Mellan könen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Likhet_inf%C3%B6r_lagen" title="Likhet inför lagen">Inför lagen</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Liberal_demokrati" title="Liberal demokrati">Liberal demokrati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Marknadsekonomi" title="Marknadsekonomi">Marknadsekonomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttighet" title="Rättighet">Rättigheter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Medborgerliga_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Medborgerliga rättigheter">Medborgerliga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nskliga_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Mänskliga rättigheter">Mänskliga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Naturr%C3%A4tt" title="Naturrätt">Naturliga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Negativ_och_positiv_frihet" title="Negativ och positiv frihet">Negativa och positiva</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sekularisering" title="Sekularisering">Sekularisering</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Idéer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Den_osynliga_handen" title="Den osynliga handen">Den osynliga handen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nattv%C3%A4ktarstat" title="Nattväktarstat">Nattväktarstat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Princip" title="Princip">Principer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Folksuver%C3%A4nitetsprincipen" title="Folksuveränitetsprincipen">Folksuveränitet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Icke-aggressionsprincipen" title="Icke-aggressionsprincipen">Icke-aggression</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Skadeprincipen" title="Skadeprincipen">Skade</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Samhällskontrakt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Spontan_ordning" title="Spontan ordning">Spontan ordning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ursprungspositionen" title="Ursprungspositionen">Ursprungspositionen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%96ppet_samh%C3%A4lle" title="Öppet samhälle">Öppet samhälle</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">Om lagarnas anda</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(1748)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Nationernas_v%C3%A4lst%C3%A5nd" title="Nationernas välstånd">Nationernas välstånd</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(1776)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Om_friheten" title="Om friheten">Om friheten</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(1859)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Massornas_uppror" title="Massornas uppror">Massornas uppror</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4gen_till_tr%C3%A4ldom" title="Vägen till träldom">Vägen till träldom</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(1944)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/En_teori_om_r%C3%A4ttvisa" title="En teori om rättvisa">En teori om rättvisa</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1971)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Anarki,_stat_och_utopi" title="Anarki, stat och utopi">Anarki, stat och utopi</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(1974)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Nyckelfigurer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Globalt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Politiker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1:e_baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1:e baron Acton">Acton</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Camillo_di_Cavour" title="Camillo di Cavour">Cavour</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Havel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. 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Renew Europe">Renew</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Timbro" title="Timbro">Timbro</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:yellow;;;">Relaterat</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Antifascism" title="Antifascism">Antifascism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Antikommunism" title="Antikommunism">Antikommunism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Frihetlig_socialism" title="Frihetlig socialism">Frihetlig socialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kapitalism" title="Kapitalism">Kapitalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Liberalismens_historia" title="Liberalismens 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aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>25 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt ämne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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