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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pandidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pandidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karir_di_Edinburgh_jo_Glasgow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karir_di_Edinburgh_jo_Glasgow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Karir di Edinburgh jo Glasgow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karir_di_Edinburgh_jo_Glasgow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tur_Prancis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tur_Prancis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tur Prancis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tur_Prancis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tahun-_Tahun_Akhir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tahun-_Tahun_Akhir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tahun- Tahun Akhir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tahun-_Tahun_Akhir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakter_Pribadi_dan_Pandangan-_Pandangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakter_Pribadi_dan_Pandangan-_Pandangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Karakter Pribadi dan Pandangan- Pandangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakter_Pribadi_dan_Pandangan-_Pandangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Karya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujuakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujuakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Rujuakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujuakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Smith</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 157 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%9D_%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9A%E1%88%B5" title="አዳም ስሚስ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዳም ስሚስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="ऐडेम स्मिथ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऐडेम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="آدم سميث – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آدم سميث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="ادم سميث – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادم سميث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5" title="এডাম স্মিথ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এডাম স্মিথ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smit" title="Adam Smit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adam Smit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آدام ایسمیت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آدام ایسمیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Smits" title="Adams Smits – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Adams Smits" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адам Сміт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сьміт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адам Сьміт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5" title="অ্যাডাম স্মিথ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাডাম স্মিথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Смит, Адам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Смит, Адам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ئادەم سمیت – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئادەم سمیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smit" title="Adam Smit – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Adam Smit" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A3%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B8" title="Άνταμ Σμιθ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνταμ Σμιθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آدام اسمیت – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدام اسمیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithi_Adam" title="Smithi Adam – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Smithi Adam" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5" title="આદમ સ્મિથ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આદમ સ્મિથ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אדם סמית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדם סמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%8D%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Ադամ Սմիթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադամ Սմիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9" title="アダム・スミス – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アダム・スミス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.adam._smit." title=".adam. smit. – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".adam. smit." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ადამ სმითი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადამ სმითი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಡಮ್ ಸ್ಮಿತ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಡಮ್ ಸ್ಮಿತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="애덤 스미스 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애덤 스미스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamus_Smith" title="Adamus Smith – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Adamus Smith" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80dams_Smits" title="Ādams Smits – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ādams Smits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആഡം സ്മിത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഡം സ്മിത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="ॲडम स्मिथ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အက်ဒမ် စမစ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်ဒမ် စမစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آدام اسمیت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آدام اسمیت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D" title="ଆଡାମ୍ ସ୍ମିଥ୍ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଡାମ୍ ସ୍ମିଥ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Смит, Адам – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Смит, Адам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5" title="ਐਡਮ ਸਮਿਥ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਡਮ ਸਮਿਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="ایڈم سمتھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایڈم سمتھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA" title="ادم سمېت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ادم سمېت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel nan tapiliah"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Смит, Адам – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смит, Адам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Адам Сміт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2_%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7" title="ᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱤᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱤᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇඩම් ස්මිත් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇඩම් ස්මිත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya-tang-se-mi-si" title="Ya-tang-se-mi-si – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ya-tang-se-mi-si" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆடம் சிமித் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆடம் சிமித்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆడం స్మిత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆడం స్మిత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98" title="อดัม สมิธ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อดัม สมิธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smit" title="Adam Smit – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Adam Smit" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адам Сміт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="آدم سمتھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آدم سمتھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smit_Adam" title="Smit Adam – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Smit Adam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%86" title="亚当·斯密 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚当·斯密" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ადამ სმითი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადამ სმითი" 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Kirkcaldy, Skotlandia, 5 Juni 1723 – maningga di Edinburgh, Skotlandia, 17 Juli 1790 pado umua 67 tahun), adolah saurang filsuf bakabangsaan Skotlandia nan manjadi palopor ilmu ekonomi modern. Karyanyo nan takenal adolah buku <i>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations</i> (disingkek <i>The Wealth of Nations</i>) adolah buku patamo nan manggambaran sijarah parkambangan industri jo padagangan di Eropa sarato dasar-dasar parkambangan pardagangan bebas jo kapitalisme. Adam Smith adolah saurang palopor sistem ekonomi Kapitalisme. Sistem ekonomi ko muncua pado abaik 18 di Eropa Barat, pado abaik 19 mulai takanal di sinan. </p><p><i>Kamakmuran Nagari</i> (Wealth of Nations) jo nan labiah ketek pangaruahnyo <i>Teori Moral Sentimen</i>, alah manjadi titiak awal untuak sagalp partahanan atau kritik atau bantuak kapitalisme, nan tapantiang dalam tulisan Marx jo ekonomi manusia. Karano kapitalisme laissez-faire acok dihubuangkan jo kaegoisan ndak takontrol, ado garakan baru nan manakankan filosofi moral Smith, jo fokus simpati kapado sado urang.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ado babarapo kontroversi tantang kaaslian <i>Kamakmuran Negara</i> Smith; babarapo urang manyangkal hasil karajonyo hanyolah tambahan biaso kapado karajo pamikia sarupo David Hume jo Baron de Montesquieu. Banyak teori-teori Smith hanyo manggambaran trend sijarah manjauah dari merkantilisme, manuju pardagangan-bebas, nan alah bakambang salamo babarapo dekade,alah mampunyoi pangaruah nan nyato dalam kabijakan pamarintah. Namun, buku ko mangorganisasi pamikiran-pamikiran sacaro lueh, sarato tatap manjadi suatu buku nan paliang bapangaruah jo pantiang dalam bidangnyo kini.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Suntiang bagian: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Biografi"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adam Smith dikanal lueh jo teori ekonomi '"laissez-faire" nan mangumuman parkumpulan di abaik 18 Eropa. Smith picayo jo hak untuak mampangaruhi aemajuan ekonomi diri surang jo bebas, tanpo dikandalian dek parkumpulan /atau negara. Teori ko sampai pado proto-industrialisasi di Eropa, mengubah mayoritas kawasan Eropa manjadi daerah pardagangan bebas, mambuek kamungkinan akan adonyo pangusaho.Baliau dikanal sabagai "Bapak Ekonomi" versi barat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pandidikan">Pandidikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Suntiang bagian: Pandidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pandidikan"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diumua 13, Smith mamasuki Universitas Glasgow, di mano baliau baraja filosofi moral di bawah bimbiangan"<i>si urang nan indak buliah dilupoan</i>" (sabagaimano Smith mamanggianyo) yaitu Francis Hutcheson. Disiko Smith mangambangan kainginan kueknyo akan kabebasan, aka sihaik, jo kabebasan bapandapek. Tahun 1740 baliau dianugerahi Snell exhibition jo mamasuki Kampus Balliol, Oxford, tatapi sarupo William Robert Scott kecekan, "Universitas Oxford dalam masonyo mambarian saketek jiko bantuan mapun nan dibarian apo nan harusnyo marupoan karajo saumua iduiknyo," dan baliau maninggakan universitas itu tahun 1746. Dalam Buku ka V dari <i>The Wealth of Nations</i>, Smith bakomentar pado instruksi kualitas randah jo aktivitas intelektual nan bajumlah saketek dibandiangkan jo di Skotlandia. Komentarnyo ditujuan ka urang-urang nan dianugerahi kakayaan dari kampus-kampus Oxford jo Cambridge, di mano mambuek pamasukan dari profesor indak badasarkan pado kamampuan untuk manarik murid, pado fakta bahasonyo urang-urang nan manyatu sabagai <i>men of letters</i> bisa manikmati kahidupan labiah nyaman dari menteri di <i>Church of England</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karir_di_Edinburgh_jo_Glasgow">Karir di Edinburgh jo Glasgow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Suntiang bagian: Karir di Edinburgh jo Glasgow" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karir di Edinburgh jo Glasgow"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tahun 1748 Smith mamulai studinyo di Edinburgh jo bimbiangan Lord Kames. Sabagian dari parkuliahannyo manyingguang retorika jo <i>belles-letters</i>, tapi beko baliau ka maambiak subyek dari "amajuan dari kasajahtaraan," sarato bekonyo, di patangahan atau akhia abaik duo puluah, di mano baliau partamo kalinyo manamukoan filosofi ekonomi dari "sistem nan jaleh jo sederhana dari kabebasan alamiah" di mano baliau manyatokan hal tasabuik ka khalayak dalam buku karangannyo <i>The Wealth of Nations</i>. Pado sakitar tahun 1750 baliau basarobok filusuf David Hume, nan marupokan seniornyo tapauik sapuluah tahun. Hubuangan jo kasamaan opini nan dapek ditamukan dalam detail dari tulisan kaduonyo mancakuik sijarah, politik, filosofi, ekonomi, jo agamo manandoan baso kaduonyo mampunyoi parsamaan intelektual nan dakek sarato basahabaik dibandiang urang lain nan ka mameranan peran pantiang salamo Pencerahan di Skotlandia., baliau marutinan The Poker Club dari Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tahun 1751 Smith ditunjuak sabagai katua dewan logika di Universitas Glasgow, pado tahun 1752 baliau dipindahan ka Dewan filosofi moral Glasgow, parnah ditinggaan dek gurunyao nan takenal, Francis Hutcheson. Kuliahnyo mancakuik etika, retorika, jurispundens, politik ekonomi, jo "polisi jo kauntuangan". Tahun 1759 baliau manabikan <i>Teori dari Sentimen Moral</i>, mamasukan sabagian kuliahnyo di Glasgow. Karya ko, nan mambangun reputasi Smith maso itu, manjalehan baa komuikasi manusia bagantung pado simpati antaro agen jo panonton (sang individual jo anggota masyarakaik nan lain). Analisisnyo pado evolusi bahasa kadang-kadang superfisial, sarupo nan ditunjukkan 14 tahun kamudian dek penelitian nan labiah dalam pado bahasa primitif dek Lord Monboddo. dalam karyanyo bajudul <i>Asal Muasal jo Parkambangan Bahasa</i> kapasitas Smith akan pangaruah, persuasif, atau argumen retorikal, labiah banyak dalam buktinyo. Baliau mandasarkan panjalehannyo indak, sarupo Lord Shaftesbury katigo jo Hutcheson lakuan pado "kapantiangan moral", indak sarupo Hume pado utilitarianisme, tatapi badasarkan ateh simpati.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith kini mamulai parhatian labiah pado jurisprudensi jo ekonomi di dalam kuliahnyo sarato saketek paoa teorinyo tantang moral. Kesan nan didapekan samo ka pangambangan ide-idenyo pado ekonomi politik dari catatan kuliahnyo dek saurang mahasiswa sakitar tahun 1763 nan beko diedit dek Edwin Cannan, jo mambantuak apo yang Scott, penemu jo panabiknyo, mandeskripsian nyo sabagai "Bagian dari Draft Wealth of Nations", nan batanggal sekitar 1763. Karya Cannan muncul sabagai <i>Kuliah dalam Keadilan, Polisi, Pajak djo Sanjato</i>. Sabuah versi labiah lengkap ditabikan sabagai Kuliah dalam Jurispundensi di edisi Glasgow tahun 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tur_Prancis">Tur Prancis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Suntiang bagian: Tur Prancis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tur Prancis"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pado 1762 senat akademik dari Universitas Glasgow batamu dalam titel Doktor Hukum Smith. Pado akhia 1763, baliau mandapekan tawaran manggiuran dari Charles Townshend (yang dikenalan ka Smith dek David Hume), untuak mangaja anak tirinyo, Duke of Buccleuch. Smith akhianyo pensiun dari keprofesorannyo dari 1764-66 bakelana basamo muridnyo, kebanyakan di Prancis, dima baliau datang untuak manemui pemimpin intelektual sarupo Turgor, Jean D'Alembert, Andre Morrelet, Helvetius, khususnyo, Frangois Quesnay, kapalo dari Sakolah Psiokrat nan karyanyo dihormati dek Smith sangaik tinggi. Dalam pajalanan pulangnyo ka Kirkaldy, Smith dipiliah manjadi anggota Royal Society dari London, baliau mandedikasian kabanyakan sapuluah tahun barikuiknyo pado <i>magnum opus</i>nyo, <i>The Wealth of Nations</i>, nan muncua tahun 1776. Buku tasabuik ditarimo elok dan mambuek sang pengarang takenal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tahun-_Tahun_Akhir">Tahun- Tahun Akhir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Suntiang bagian: Tahun- Tahun Akhir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tahun- Tahun Akhir"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tahun 1778 Smith ditunjuak untuak manduduaki pos sabagai komisioner untuak cukai di Skotlandia dan hiduik basamo ibunyo di Edinburgh. Tahun 1783 baliau manjadi salah satu pandiri Royal Society of Edinburgh, dari tahun 1787 sampai 1789 baliau mandapek posisi kahormatan Lord Rektor Universitas Glasgow. Baliau maningga di edinburgh pado 17 Juli 1790 karano sakik kareh dan dikubuakan di Canogatw Kirkyard. </p><p>Eksekutor literatur Smith adolah duo urang kawan lamo dari akademi dunia Skotlandia, fisikawan jo kimiawan Joseph Black, jo geolog pionir James Huton. Smith maninggakan banyak catatan jo material nan indak dipublikasian, tapi maagiah instruksi untuak mahancuakan apopun nann indak pantas dipublikasian. Baliau manyabuik <i>History of Astronomy</i> cocok, jo muncua pado tahun 1795, basamo material lain, sabagai <i>Essay on Philoshopical Objects</i>. </p><p>Pangikuik kontemporer Adam Smith tamasuk John Millar<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakter_Pribadi_dan_Pandangan-_Pandangan">Karakter Pribadi dan Pandangan- Pandangan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Suntiang bagian: Karakter Pribadi dan Pandangan- Pandangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakter Pribadi dan Pandangan- Pandangan"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sangaik saketek nan dikatahui tantang Adam Smith salain dari apo nan bisa dideduksi dari karya-karyanyo nan alah ditabikan. kasado paper pribadinyo alah dihancuakan sasudah kamatiannyo. Baliau indak manikah dan bantuaknyo mampartahankan hubungan dakek jo ibunyo, di mano baliau tingga sasudah pulang dari Prancis jo mendahului kamatian Smith hanyo 6 tahun balalu. Kasaksian kontemporer manjalehkan Smith sabagai eksentrik tapi intelektual nan dermawan jo ramah, kepikunan nan komikal, jo kabiasaan nan barulang tantang pidato sarato maagiah senyuman nan "ramah tanpa ekspresi." Kesabarannyo disabuik mampunyoi nilai pantiang dalam karajonyo sabagai administrasi Glasgow. Sasudah kamatiannyo ditamukan kalau sabagian gadang pandapatannyo disumbangan sacaro rahasio. </p><p>Alah tajadi bara buah debat tentang pandangan relijius dari Adam Smith. Ayahnyo mampunyoi ketertarikan gadang pado Kekristenan sarato marupokan sayok moderat dari gereja Skotlandia (gereja nasional di Skotlandia sejak 1690). Smith mungkin pai ka Inggris untuak maniti karir di dalam Gereja Inggris: parnyataan ko kontroversial jo bagantuang pado status eksibisi Snell. Di Oxford, Smith menolak Kristen sarato dipicayo kalau baliau pulang ka Skotlandia sabagai Deis. </p><p>Ekonom Ronald Coase, baa pun, alah manantang pandangan kalau Smith marupokan saurang Deist, manyatokan kalau, katiko Smith mungkin dihubungkan sabagai "Arsitek Gadang Alam Semesta", sarjana lain alah "jauah malabiah-labiahkan perluasan sampai di mano Adam Smith alah mamasuki sabuah kayakinan dalam sabuah Tuhan Pribadi". Baliau mandasari analisis ko dari sabuah remark dalam <i>The Wealth of Nations</i> di mano Smith manulis kalau kaingintahuan umat manusia tantang "fenomena luarbiasa dari alam" sarupo "generasi, kahidupan, partumbuhan jo kamatian dari tanaman jo binatang" alah mambuaek manusia untuak "mamasukkannyo dalam akal sihaik mereka". Coase mencatat observasi Smith di mano: "Takhayul partama-tamo ditujukkan untuak mamanuahi kaingintahuan, jo caro manghubungkan kasado panampakan manakjubkan pado agensi tantang Tuhan". Baapun, kapicayoan ko indak batantangan jo Deisme, sabuah sistem kapicayoan yang mamegang ide sekptis tantang Tuhan pribadi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karya">Karya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Suntiang bagian: Karya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karya"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indak lamo sabalun kamatiannyo Smith mahancuakan hampia sado manuskrip miliknyo. Pado tahun terakhirnyo baliau sarupo alah marencanakan duo keterilmuan gadang, ciek dalam teori jo sejarah hukum dan ciek dalam ilmu sains jo kasenian. Tebitan sasudah kamatiannyo <i>Essays on Philoshopical Subjects</i> (1795) mungkin barisi bagian dari apo nan ka manjadi pambelokan salanjuiknyo. </p><p><i>The Wealth of Nations</i> manjadi bapangaruah karano alah jo kareh mambuek bidang ekonomi dan parkembangannyo ka dalam disiplin yang sistematis sarato tagak surang. Dalam dunia barat, masih dibincangan kalau iko marupokan buku paliang bapangaruah dalam subyek tasabuik nan pernah ditabikan. Katiko buku tasabuik manjadi manifestasi klasik melawan merkantilisme (teori dima cadangan gadang dari logam mulia marupokan kaharusan bagi suksesi ekonomis), muncua pado tahun 1776, ado kesadaran kuek untuak pardagangan bebas, di Inggris maupun Amerika. Perasaan baru ko alah dilahiakan dari kesusahan keadaan ekonomi jo kamiskinan yang diakibaikkan dek Parang kamerdekaan Amerika. Baapun, pado saaik publikasinyo, indak kasado urang lantas yakin pado kalabiahan pardagangan bebas: publik jo parlemen di Inggris masih memakai sistem merkantilisme untuak bara tahun kamuko.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Wealth of Nations</i> menolak juo parnyataan Psiokrat dalam pantiangnyo lahan, malah, Smith picaya kalo buruh marupokan proritas tinggi, jo pambagian buruh akan berakibaik pado kanaikan signifikan pado produksi. Smith mamakai contoh jo pambuatan sapik- sapik. Ciek pekerja bisa mambuek duopuluah pin sahari. Tapi kalau sapuluah urang dibagi manjadi lapanbaleh langkah yang diparaluan mambuek sabuah sapik- sapik, sadonyo bisa mambuek 48.000 sapik- sapik dalam sahari. <i>Nations</i> sangaik sukses, dan faktanyo, hal ko mangakibaikan pangosongan sakolah ekonomi nan labiah tuo jo ekonomi labiah mudo, sarupo Thomas Malthus jo David Ricardo, fokus dalam mampelokan teori Smith ka dalam apo yang ka dikenal sabagai ekonomi klasik. Elok ekonomi modern, sacaro tapisah, ekonomi Marxisan bagantuang sakali pado ekonomi klasik. Malthus mangambangkan ruminasi Smith dalam overpopulasi, sadangkan Ricardo picaya pado "hukum besi upah" - dima ledakan populasi bisa mencegah upah malewati tingkek yang rasional. Smith maagiah solusi pado kanaikan upah jo kanaikan produksi, pandangan nan dianggap labiha akuraik kini.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ciek dari poin utamo <i>The Wealth of Nations</i> adolah pasa bebas, katiko panampilannyo kacau dan tidak teratur, sabananyo dipandu untuak mambuek nilai nan batuah jo bamacam barang dek "tangan-tangan indak taliek" (sabuah imej yang dipakai Smith dalam <i>Theory of Moral Sentiments</i>, tapi partama kali dipakai dalam esai, "Sejarah Astronomy").<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalau sabuah kelangkaan produk tajadi, misalnyo, mako hargonyo naiak, mambuek marjin kauntuangan yang mambuek insentif bagi nan lain untuak masuk ka produksi tasabuik, mangatasi kalangkaan. Jikok talalu banyak produsen nan masuak ka pasa, kompetisi yang meningkek di antaro para manufaktur jo kanaikan panawaran akan manurunkan harago di produk tasabuik sampai titiak di mano harago produksinyo, harago natural. Bahkan kalau kauntuangan sampai kosong "harga natural", mako akan ado insentif untuak mamproduksi barang jo jaso, Kasado ongkos produksi, tamasuak kompensasi untuak buruh pemilik, juga dimasukkan dalam harago barang ju. Kalau harago jatuah di bawah kauntuangan kosong, produsen akan kalua dari pasa, jikok barado di ateh kauntuangan kosong, produsen akan masuak ka pasa. Smith picayo kalau motif manusia acok egois jo tamak, kompetisi dalam pasa bebas akan batujuan manguntuangkan masyarakaik saluruahnyo jo mamaso harago tetap randah, di mano tetap mambangun dalam insentif untuak bamacam barang jo jaso. Salain itu, baliau cameh akan pebisnis sarato malawan formasi monopoli.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Suntiang bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James Buchan. <i>The Authentic Adam Smith: His Life and Ideas</i> (2006)</li> <li>Stephen Copley and Kathryn Sutherland, eds. <i>Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations: New Interdisciplinary Essays</i> (1995)</li> <li>F. Glahe, ed. <i>Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations: 1776-1976</i> (1977)</li> <li>Knud Haakonssen. <i>The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith</i> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hollander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Hollander (laman indak ado)">Samuel Hollander</a>. <i>The Economics of Adam Smith</i> (University of Toronto Press) (1973)</li> <li>Muller, Jerry Z. <i>Adam Smith in his Time and Ours: Designing the Decent Society</i>. Princeton Univ. Press (1995)</li> <li>Muller, Jerry Z. <i>The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought</i>. Anchor Books (2002)</li> <li>Frederick Rosen, <i>Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (laman indak ado)">Routledge</a> Studies in Ethics & Moral Theory), 2003. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:SumberBuku/0415220947" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-22094-7</a></li> <li>P. J. O'Rourke. <i>On The Wealth of Nations</i> (Books That Changed the World) (2006)</li> <li>Richard F. Teichgraeber. <i>Free Trade and Moral Philosophy: Rethinking the Sources of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations</i> (1986)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Suntiang bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://min.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Adam_Smith" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/80px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiquote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiquote (laman indak ado)">Wikiquote</a> punyo koleksi kutipan nan berkaitan jo:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://min.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Adam_Smith" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a></b></i></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://min.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Adam_Smith" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/80px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikisource&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikisource (laman indak ado)">Wikisource</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahaso_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahaso Inggris">bahaso Inggris</a> mampunyoi halaman tantang <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Author:Adam_Smith" class="extiw" title="en:s:Author:Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a></b></i></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://min.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Adam_Smith" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/80px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> Ado naskah sumber nan bakaitan jo <p><i><b><a href="https://min.wikisource.org/wiki/Times_Obituary_of_Adam_Smith" class="extiw" title="s:Times Obituary of Adam Smith">Times Obituary of Adam Smith</a></b></i> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikisource&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikisource (laman indak ado)">Wikisource</a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Umum</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggirih" lang="Inggirih">(Inggirih)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/author/Adam+Smith">Karya-karya Adam Smith</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_Gutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek Gutenberg (laman indak ado)">Proyek Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Smith.html">Biography</a> at the <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Rae/raeLS.html"><i>Life of Adam Smith</i></a> by John Rae, at the Library of Economics and Liberty</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Author.php?recordID=0232">Adam Smith</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070617012106/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Author.php?recordID=0232">Archived</a> 2007-06-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/index.php"><i>The Online Library of Liberty</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608070935/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/index.php">Archived</a> 2007-06-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mises.org/web/2691"><i>The Celebrated Adam Smith</i></a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_N._Rothbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murray N. Rothbard (laman indak ado)">Murray N. Rothbard</a>; full text of Chapter 16 of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Austrian_Perspective_on_the_History_of_Economic_Thought&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought (laman indak ado)">An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought</a></i>, Vol. I and II, Edward Elgar, 1995; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute (laman indak ado)">Mises Institute</a> 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/smith.htm">Smith's works</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050913000322/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/smith.htm">Archived</a> 2005-09-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://econ161.berkeley.edu/Economists/smith.html">Brad deLong's Adam Smith page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050914040947/http://econ161.berkeley.edu/Economists/Smith.html">Archived</a> 2005-09-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adamsmith.org">The Adam Smith Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.uvic.ca/~rutherfo/a_smith.html">Grave of Adam Smith</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831210916/http://web.uvic.ca/~rutherfo/a_smith.html">Archived</a> 2006-08-31 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.uvic.ca/~rutherfo/mr_grvs.html">Famous Economists Grave Sites</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060706091210/http://web.uvic.ca/~rutherfo/mr_grvs.html">Archived</a> 2006-07-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.importantscots.com/adam-smith.htm">Adam Smith - Important Scots</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827015306/http://www.importantscots.com/adam-smith.htm">Archived</a> 2006-08-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span class="PDFlink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfh.ufsc.br/ethic@/et42art2.pdf">Reflections on Smith's ethics</a></span><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portable_Document_Format&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portable Document Format (laman indak ado)">PDF</a> (129 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibibyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibibyte (laman indak ado)">KiB</a>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money4.htm">Adam Smith on the 50 British Pound (Clydesdale Bank) banknote</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803223823/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money4.htm">Archived</a> 2018-08-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcdf.org/corprule/betrayal.htm">"The Betrayal of Adam Smith" by David C. Korten</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121072745/http://www.pcdf.org/corprule/betrayal.htm">Archived</a> 2010-11-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iea.org.uk/record.jsp?type=book&ID=414"><i>Adam Smith - A Primer</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080215105116/http://www.iea.org.uk/record.jsp?type=book&ID=414">Archived</a> 2008-02-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Eamonn Butler. Introduction to Smith's work, free download</li></ul> <dl><dt>Karya</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalibri.wikidot.com/title:an-inquiry-into-the-nature-and-causes-of-the-wealth-of-nations:smith-a"><b>The Wealth of Nations</b></a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalibri.wikidot.com">MetaLibri Digital Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalibri.wikidot.com/title:theory-of-moral-sentiments:smith-a"><b>The Theory of Moral Sentiments</b></a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalibri.wikidot.com">MetaLibri Digital Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalibri.incubadora.fapesp.br/portal/authors/TheTheoryOfMoralSentiments"><i>The Theory of Moral Sentiments</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221031646/http://metalibri.incubadora.fapesp.br/portal/authors/TheTheoryOfMoralSentiments">Archived</a> 2007-12-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at MetaLibri Digital Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smMS.html"><i>The Theory of Moral Sentiments</i></a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/index.html">Library of Economics and Liberty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003053200/http://www.econlib.org/index.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html"><i>The Wealth of Nations</i></a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/index.html">Library of Economics and Liberty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003053200/http://www.econlib.org/index.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Cannan edition. Definitive, fully searchable, free online</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300" class="extiw" title="gutenberg:3300">The Wealth of Nations</a></i> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Gutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project Gutenberg (laman indak ado)">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondopolitico.com/library/wealthofnations/toc.htm"><i>The Wealth of Nations</i></a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondopolitico.com/library/">Mondo Politico Library</a> - full text; formatted for easy on-screen reading</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adamsmith.org/smith/won-intro.htm"><i>The Wealth of Nations</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927100704/http://www.adamsmith.org/smith/won-intro.htm">Archived</a> 2006-09-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adamsmith.org/">Adam Smith Institute</a> - elegantly formatted for on-screen reading</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/BookSetToCPage.php?recordID=0141"><i>Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051126180815/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/BookSetToCPage.php?recordID=0141">Archived</a> 2005-11-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Glasgow edition, 7 volumes at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/">Online Library of Liberty</a>. Definitive, free online</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Didaului jo:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cunninghame-Grahame_of_Gartmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cunninghame-Grahame of Gartmore (laman indak ado)">Robert Cunninghame-Grahame of Gartmore</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rektor_Universitas_Glasgow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rektor Universitas Glasgow (laman indak ado)">Rektor Universitas Glasgow</a></b><br />1787-1789 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Digantian dek:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Campbell_of_Shawfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Campbell of Shawfield (laman indak ado)">Walter Campbell of Shawfield</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Adam_Smith" title="Search Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Search Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/80px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> Ado kategori tantang <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adam_Smith_(philosopher)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Adam Smith (philosopher)">Adam Smith</a></b></i> di <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujuakan">Rujuakan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Suntiang bagian: Rujuakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>suntiang</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujuakan"><span>suntiang sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><i><b>g</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7"><i><b>h</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8"><i><b>i</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/3912541/9-3-1776-adam-smith-merilis-pedoman-ekonomi-paling-berpengaruh-di-dunia">https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/3912541/9-3-1776-adam-smith-merilis-pedoman-ekonomi-paling-berpengaruh-di-dunia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><i><b>a</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><i><b>b</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><i><b>c</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><i><b>d</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><i><b>e</b></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-5"><i><b>f</b></i></a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.kompasiana.com/fakhrialfarizi/5ca746f2cc5283133e483932/menelisik-ekonomi-adam-smith?page=all">https://www.kompasiana.com/fakhrialfarizi/5ca746f2cc5283133e483932/menelisik-ekonomi-adam-smith?page=all</a></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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