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id="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholic_ban_on_Freemasonry_since_the_Second_Vatican_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_ban_on_Freemasonry_since_the_Second_Vatican_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Catholic ban on Freemasonry since the Second Vatican Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_ban_on_Freemasonry_since_the_Second_Vatican_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_Deism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_Deism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Allegations of Deism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_Deism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separation_of_church_and_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separation_of_church_and_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Separation of church and state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separation_of_church_and_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_indifference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_indifference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Religious indifference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_indifference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Protestantism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Protestantism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approving_stance_and_acknowledgement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Approving stance and acknowledgement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approving_stance_and_acknowledgement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eastern Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippine_Independent_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippine_Independent_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Philippine Independent Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippine_Independent_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>New religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links_to_Esotericism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_to_Esotericism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Links to Esotericism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Links_to_Esotericism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Links to Esotericism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Links_to_Esotericism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Christian_pagan_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Christian_pagan_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Pre-Christian pagan influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Christian_pagan_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosicrucian_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosicrucian_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rosicrucian influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosicrucian_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_Satan_worship_and_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_Satan_worship_and_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Claims of Satan worship and response</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Claims_of_Satan_worship_and_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Claims of Satan worship and response subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_Satan_worship_and_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Waite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Hall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blavatsky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blavatsky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Blavatsky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blavatsky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pike_and_Taxil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pike_and_Taxil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Pike and Taxil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pike_and_Taxil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crowley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crowley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Crowley</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crowley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasonry" title="Category:Freemasonry">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Compas-equerre-ap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/50px-Compas-equerre-ap.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/75px-Compas-equerre-ap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/100px-Compas-equerre-ap.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="863" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Overview</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Masonic lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic lodge officers">Masonic lodge officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Freemasonry)" title="Grand Master (Freemasonry)">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Masonic_jurisdiction" title="Regular Masonic jurisdiction">Regular Masonic jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-American_Freemasonry" title="Anglo-American Freemasonry">Anglo-American Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry" title="Continental Freemasonry">Continental Freemasonry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry" title="History of Freemasonry">History of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9_ch%C3%A9rie" title="Liberté chérie">Liberté chérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_manuscripts" title="Masonic manuscripts">Masonic manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Masonic bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Masonic</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">Masonic bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mark_Master_Masons" title="Order of Mark Master Masons">Order of Mark Master Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Royal_Arch" title="Holy Royal Arch">Holy Royal Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Masonry" title="Royal Arch Masonry">Royal Arch Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptic_Masonry" title="Cryptic Masonry">Cryptic Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cross_of_Constantine" title="Red Cross of Constantine">Red Cross of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Kadosh" title="Knight Kadosh">Knight Kadosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana" title="Societas Rosicruciana">Societas Rosicruciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Royal_and_Select_Masters" title="Order of Royal and Select Masters">Order of Royal and Select Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_College_of_Rites" title="Grand College of Rites">Grand College of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rite" title="Swedish Rite">Swedish Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Thomas_of_Acon" title="Order of Saint Thomas of Acon">Order of Saint Thomas of Acon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Scotland" title="Royal Order of Scotland">Royal Order of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Knight_Masons" title="Order of Knight Masons">Order of Knight Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Lodge">Research Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Antient_Order_of_Noble_Corks" title="Ye Antient Order of Noble Corks">Corks</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Side degrees</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">The Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Jesters" title="Royal Order of Jesters">Royal Order of Jesters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_Cedars_of_Lebanon" title="Tall Cedars of Lebanon">Tall Cedars of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Order_of_Veiled_Prophets_of_the_Enchanted_Realm" title="Mystic Order of Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm">The Grotto</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Masonic groups for women</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Freemasonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Women and Freemasonry">Women and Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Amaranth" title="Order of the Amaranth">Order of the Amaranth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Order of the Eastern Star">Order of the Eastern Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star">Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Freemasonry" title="Co-Freemasonry">Co-Freemasonry</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Masonic youth organizations</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeMolay_International" title="DeMolay International">DeMolay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.J.E.F." title="A.J.E.F.">A.J.E.F.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_Daughters_International" title="Job's Daughters International">Job's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Order_of_the_Rainbow_for_Girls" title="International Order of the Rainbow for Girls">International Order of the Rainbow for Girls</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Views on Masonry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Anti-Masonic_Exhibition" title="Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition">Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Masonic conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxil_hoax" title="Taxil hoax">Taxil hoax</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People and places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Temple" title="Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Anderson_(Freemason)" title="James Anderson (Freemason)">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall" title="Prince Hall">Prince Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_(Freemason)" title="William Preston (Freemason)">William Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_Webb" title="Thomas Smith Webb">Thomas Smith Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Mackey" title="Albert Mackey">Albert Mackey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pike" title="Albert Pike">Albert Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schaw" title="William Schaw">William Schaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Aldworth" title="Elizabeth Aldworth">Elizabeth Aldworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodge_Mother_Kilwinning" title="Lodge Mother Kilwinning">Lodge Mother Kilwinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_London" title="Freemasons' Hall, London">Freemasons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Masons%27_Hall,_London" title="Mark Masons' Hall, London">Mark Masons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Temple" title="House of the Temple">House of the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Masonic_Temple" title="Detroit Masonic Temple">Detroit Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_buildings" title="List of Masonic buildings">List of Masonic buildings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism" title="Masonic ritual and symbolism">Masonic ritual and symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_and_Compasses" title="Square and Compasses">Square and Compasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigpen_cipher" title="Pigpen cipher">Pigpen cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Providence" title="Eye of Providence">Eye of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Abiff" title="Hiram Abiff">Hiram Abiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Reflection" title="Chamber of Reflection">Chamber of Reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_Abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Masonic Abbreviations">List of Masonic Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprig_of_Acacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprig of Acacia">Sprig of Acacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Landmarks" title="Masonic Landmarks">Masonic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morals_and_Dogma_of_the_Ancient_and_Accepted_Scottish_Rite_of_Freemasonry" title="Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry">Pike's <i>Morals and Dogma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahiman_Rezon" title="Ahiman Rezon">Dermott's <i>Ahiman Rezon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_of_Sacred_Law" title="Volume of Sacred Law">Volume of Sacred Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Barbados" title="Freemasonry in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Belgium" title="Freemasonry in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Croatia" title="Freemasonry in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Denmark" title="Freemasonry in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_France" title="Freemasonry in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Finland" title="Freemasonry in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Germany" title="Freemasonry in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Icelandic Order of Freemasons">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_India" title="Grand Lodge of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Indonesia" title="Freemasonry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Italy" title="Freemasonry in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Lebanon" title="Freemasonry in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Luxembourg" title="Freemasonry in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Malta" title="Freemasonry in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Mexico" title="Freemasonry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freemasonry in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_Philippines" title="Freemasonry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Portugal" title="Freemasonry in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Romania" title="Freemasonry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Scotland" title="Freemasonry in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_South_Africa" title="Freemasonry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Spain" title="Freemasonry in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonry in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Sweden" title="Freemasonry in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Turkey" title="Freemasonry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Ukraine" title="Freemasonry in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Venezuela" title="Freemasonry in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States" title="Freemasonry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Template:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Template talk:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While many <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> either allow or take no stance on their members joining <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a>, others discourage or prohibit their members from joining the fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-oca_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban of Freemasonry</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> has been among the most persistent critics of Freemasonry. The Church has prohibited its members from being Freemasons since the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/In_eminenti_apostolatus" title="In eminenti apostolatus">In eminenti apostolatus</a>,</i> promulgated in 1738 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XII" title="Pope Clement XII">Pope Clement XII</a>. Since then, the Vatican has issued several papal bulls banning the membership of Catholics in Freemasonry under threat of <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a>. In 1983, the Canon Law was changed to read, "A person who joins an association that plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; however, a person who promotes or directs an association of this kind is to be punished with an interdict", eliminating the penalty of excommunication for Masons. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ratzinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Ratzinger">Joseph Ratzinger</a>, who later became Pope Benedict XVI, wrote in a letter that those who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of <a href="/wiki/Grave_sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave sin">grave sin</a> and may not receive <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Holy Communion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The penalty of excommunication is not declared in the current code of <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, but membership remains forbidden.<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned letter does not form part of Canon Law and, during his tenure, Benedict XVI did not make any attempt to change Canon Law to explicitly mention the ban on Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Church argues that the philosophy of French Freemasonry (the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_de_France" title="Grand Orient de France">Grand Orient</a>, not the dominant variety of Freemasonry or the branch that is active in the English-speaking world) is antithetical to Christian doctrine and that it is at many times and places anti-clerical in intent.<sup id="cite_ref-GrdFra_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrdFra-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1913 <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> argued that some of the ceremonial in the Scottish Rite is anti-Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-CEkadosh_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEkadosh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this claim does not appear in subsequent editions.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Catholic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Catholic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Masonic use of Biblical imagery was seen in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">1913 <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a> as being done in such a way as to deny the revelation of Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-cenoah_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cenoah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this complaint was not included in subsequent editions.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Catholic_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Catholic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the earliest pontifical documents on the subject and in particular in the <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Humanum_Genus" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanum Genus">Humanum Genus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_April" class="mw-redirect" title="20 April">20 April</a> 1884), the <a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">Magisterium of the Church</a>, which may not change, has denounced philosophical ideas and moral conceptions in Freemasonry that were considered opposed to Catholic doctrine. For Leo XIII, they essentially led back to a <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">naturalism</a>, the inspiration of its plans and activities against the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, conflict between Catholicism and Freemasonry broke out into disputes over secular education, discrimination in employment, and in some European countries, the expulsion of religious orders.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_ban_on_Freemasonry_since_the_Second_Vatican_Council">Catholic ban on Freemasonry since the Second Vatican Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Catholic ban on Freemasonry since the Second Vatican Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Seper" class="mw-redirect" title="Franjo Seper">Franjo Seper</a>, Prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>, sent a letter that seemed to relax the previous absolute ban on Freemasonry,<sup id="cite_ref-ewtnclar_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ewtnclar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing confusion<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and leading many Catholics to become Freemasons.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the Congregation clarified this stance in a letter to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_Concerning_Status_of_Catholics_Becoming_Freemasons" title="Declaration Concerning Status of Catholics Becoming Freemasons">Declaration Concerning Status of Catholics Becoming Freemasons</a></i>, stating that Seper's private letter, now made public, had engendered unfavorable interpretations of Catholic doctrine. The Congregation's letter also affirmed that the prohibition against Catholics joining Masonic orders remained.<sup id="cite_ref-ewtnclar_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ewtnclar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, the Church revised the Code of Canon Law in a way that did not mention Freemasonry, causing some Freemasons to claim that the ban on Catholics becoming Freemasons may have been lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-RCLaw_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCLaw-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that same year, the Vatican reaffirmed the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, a letter written by Father Thomas Anslow, a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">judicial vicar</a>, indicated a more permissive attitude to Freemasonry, although this was retracted two years later, with Anslow claiming that the analysis was faulty.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_Deism">Allegations of Deism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Allegations of Deism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the persistent Catholic criticisms of Freemasonry is that it advocates a <a href="/wiki/Deist" class="mw-redirect" title="Deist">deist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">naturalist</a> view of creation. </p><p>Whilst it is recognized that Masonry is not atheistic (Masons aligned with the <a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand Lodge of England</a> are asked if they believe in God or another supreme being before joining and only accept candidates that do),<sup id="cite_ref-askbelieve_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-askbelieve-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its use of the expression <a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Supreme Architect of the Universe</a>—a term attributed to the Protestant theologian <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>—is seen by some Christian critics as indicating Deism, the belief that God created the Universe but did not intervene in the world after this.<sup id="cite_ref-april19sup_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-april19sup-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a common sentiment that arose in the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>, though Catholics consider it <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-englos_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-englos-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a counter-argument, Freemasonry contends that “Supreme Architect” is a neutral term acceptable to all, regardless of sect or denomination: It merely reflects the fraternity’s desire to bring together members of all deity based religions, by not using any one specific religion’s term for their supreme being. </p><p>A specific charge made in the 1913 <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i><sup id="cite_ref-cathencold_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathencold-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against Freemasonry is that the introduction of speculative Masonry in the early eighteenth-century specifically aimed at "dechristianising" the old operative masonry lodges. However, this charge was dropped from subsequent editions. </p><p>Whereas the constitutions of previous lodges of operative Masonry stated that "<i>The first charge is this, that you be true to God and Holy Church and use no error or heresy</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-builders_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-builders-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1723, the constitution of the Grand Lodge of England was modified to state that Masons are no longer expected to follow the religion of the country they live in and, now, were only obliged to follow the moral law, regardless of denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This change is construed by the Catholic Church as moving towards a Deistic view.<sup id="cite_ref-april19sup_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-april19sup-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation_of_church_and_state">Separation of church and state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Separation of church and state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American Freemasons are consistent advocates of freedom of religion, as found in the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a><sup id="cite_ref-usconstitution_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usconstitution-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/US_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="US Constitution">US Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea that the <a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment Clause</a> means a <i>strict</i> <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a> is interpreted by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as a veiled attack on its place in public life.<sup id="cite_ref-etsi1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etsi1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Well into the nineteenth century, the papacy continued to assert a divinely-ordained right to appoint civil rulers and depose them. It called opposition to this principle "Religious Indifferentism", by which no religion was acknowledged as true or revealed. The papacy also described Freemasonry as a leader in the cause of popular sovereignty, as the 1913 <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> noted.<sup id="cite_ref-bloc_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloc-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reference to the Masons is not present, however, in the <i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. </p><p>Some specific areas in which Freemasons were accused of aiming for an improper separation of church and state were: </p> <ul><li>Compulsory state-supported secular education in Italy in 1882, entailing a prohibition on religious education. Christians also complained that "religious houses [were] suppressed, the goods of the Church confiscated, marriages contracted in despite of the laws and without the rites of the Church."<sup id="cite_ref-etsi2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etsi2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriage</a> in Mexico in 1857<sup id="cite_ref-yorkrite_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yorkrite-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_indifference">Religious indifference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious indifference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catholic critics of Freemasonry observe that it refuses to promote one faith as being superior to any others, while at the same time it also uses rituals that can appear religious to outsiders. That combination is seen as inculcating an <a href="/wiki/Indifferentism" title="Indifferentism">indifference to religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obeservertore_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obeservertore-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fish4_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Masonic author Mackey called Freemasonry "a science which is engaged in the search after the divine truth".<sup id="cite_ref-symbols_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symbols-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anderson's <i>The Constitutions of the Free-Masons</i>, 1723, likens the guidance of moral truth to a religion in which all men agree and said that the specifics of Mason's religious faith are their own opinions to leave to themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson-a_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-a-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freemasons reply that not <i>obliging</i> a member to profess a certain religious viewpoint as a condition of membership is not the equivalent of asserting that no religion can be superior to any other. Personal theological beliefs are not to be discussed in the lodge, thus avoiding arguments with those holding different beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that this ban on religious discussion was especially important in eighteenth-century England<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where a <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">civil war</a>, in part caused by religious conflict, had only recently ended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although many Protestant denominations do not prohibit or discourage their members from joining Masonic lodges, nor have they issued any position papers condemning Freemasonry, other churches have formally opposed Masonry and spoken of the problems they see with Christians belonging to Masonic lodges. The United Brethren Church, the first American denomination not transplanted from Europe, is one such denomination that formally forbids<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its members from joining a Masonic lodge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_stance">Opposing stance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opposing stance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a range of intensity among those Protestant denominations which discourage their congregants from joining Masonic lodges. Most of these denominations tend to be either <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestant">evangelical Protestant</a> or other neo-Protestant. Among Protestants opposed to Freemasonry are the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-els_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-els-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a>, The <a href="/wiki/North_American_Mission_Board" title="North American Mission Board">North American Mission Board</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Church of the Brethren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-breth_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-breth-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Friends">Society of Friends</a> (Quakers),<sup id="cite_ref-whalenquaker_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whalenquaker-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Methodist">Free Methodist</a> church,<sup id="cite_ref-freemeth_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freemeth-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-seventh_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seventh-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Presbyterian_Church" title="Orthodox Presbyterian Church">Orthodox Presbyterian Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-opc_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opc-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(post_1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (post 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FCoS_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCoS-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland">Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bus_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bus-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PCA_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCA-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ireland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RPCI_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPCI-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_South_Africa_(NGK)" title="Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)">Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these condemnations resulted from the work of church committees appointed only in recent decades. Many of these Protestant condemnations have never been enforced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neutral_stance_or_no_position">Neutral stance or no position</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Neutral stance or no position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some instances, these are relatively small church bodies which broke from the mainline Protestant denominations in recent decades, citing as their reason their opposition to theological liberalism or diversity. The largest by far of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> church bodies in the US have not taken a stand against Freemasonry, and many Masons are active members of them. <a href="/wiki/The_Episcopal_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Episcopal Church">The Episcopal Church</a>, the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches in the U.S., has taken no stance against Masonry, nor have the various smaller <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglican">continuing Anglican</a> and independent Anglican church bodies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> (ELCA), the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States and a progressive, <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestant</a> denomination, takes no stance on its lay congregants being members of Masonic organizations including <a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Blue Lodge</a> Freemasonry, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a> Freemasony, <a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a> Freemasony, the <a href="/wiki/Shriners_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Shriners International">Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine</a> (Shriners), or the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Order of the Eastern Star">Order of the Eastern Star</a> (OES). However, the ELCA does prohibit its clergy from being members of Masonic organizations at any time. The ELCA Churchwide Constitution was first ratified in 1987 with the creation of the denomination and states, "No person who belongs to any organization such as a lodge or fraternal order which claims to possess in its teachings and ceremonies that which the Lord has given solely to the Church shall be called and received onto the roster of Ministers of Word and Sacrament or otherwise received into the ministry of this church, nor shall any person so-called and received onto the roster of Ministers of Word and Sacrament or otherwise received by this church be retained in its ministry who subsequently joins or is discovered to be a member of such an organization."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ban on "lodge or fraternal order" membership for clergy also extends to other organizations like the <a href="/wiki/Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks" title="Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks">Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks</a> (Elks Lodge), the <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Order_of_Moose" title="Loyal Order of Moose">Loyal Order of Moose</a> (Moose Lodge), and the Swedish-American <a href="/wiki/Vasa_Order_of_America" title="Vasa Order of America">Vasa Order of America</a>. This neutral stance on lay membership is in contrast to the other two main Lutheran denominations in the United States, the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod and the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod, who prohibit both their lay members and their clergy from membership in any Masonic-related organizations without exception. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> does not have a clear stance on the matter. While there have been Anglican Freemasons, since the 1980s, some Anglican bishops and priests have made negative judgements about Freemasons, for theological reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1987, the <a href="/wiki/General_Synod_of_the_Church_of_England" title="General Synod of the Church of England">General Synod</a> endorsed a report which considered the compatibility of Freemasonry and Christianity. The report stated "The reflections of the Working Group itself reveal understandable differences of opinion between those who are Freemasons and those who are not. Whilst the former fully agree that the Report shows that there are clear difficulties to be faced by Christians who are Freemasons, the latter are of the mind that the Report points to a number of very fundamental reasons to question the compatibility of Freemasonry and Christianity."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> does not ban congregants from becoming Freemasons, but in 1989 the general assembly said there were "very real theological difficulties" with Church of Scotland members being Freemasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotsman_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotsman-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1985 Conference of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a> said that Freemasonry competed with Christian beliefs,<sup id="cite_ref-meth1986_1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1986_1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> discouraged (but did not prohibit) Methodists from becoming Freemasons<sup id="cite_ref-meth1986_2_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1986_2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and asked Methodist Freemasons to reconsider their membership of Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-meth1986_3_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1986_3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Conference banned the use of Methodist premises for Masonic meetings,<sup id="cite_ref-meth1986_4_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1986_4-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a 1989 source reported some Masonic meetings were taking place on Methodist premises.<sup id="cite_ref-1985meth_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985meth-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1996 Methodist Conference revisited the 1985 position in the light of developments in Freemasonry, concluding that there were still "hesitations about the wisdom" of a Methodist joining a Masonic lodge,<sup id="cite_ref-meth1996_1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1996_1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it affirmed there was no absolute bar on a Methodist being a Freemason.<sup id="cite_ref-meth1996_2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1996_2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1996 Conference stated there were unresolved concerns relating to openness of Freemasonry and compatibility of Masonic practice with Christian doctrine despite "positive changes that have taken place within Freemasonry in recent years".<sup id="cite_ref-meth1996_3_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1996_3-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1985 ban on the use of Methodist premises for Masonic meetings remained in place following the 1996 discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-meth1996_4_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meth1996_4-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> is mistakenly understood to prohibit Freemasonry, but leaves such as a matter of individual conscience,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> largely due to the findings within the SBC 1993 Report on Freemasonry,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which it states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In light of the fact that many tenets and teachings of Freemasonry are not compatible with Christianity and Southern Baptist doctrine, while others are compatible with Christianity and Southern Baptist doctrine, we therefore recommend that consistent with our denomination's deep convictions regarding the priesthood of the believer and the autonomy of the local church, membership in a Masonic Order be a matter of personal conscience. Therefore, we exhort Southern Baptists to prayerfully and carefully evaluate Freemasonry in the light of the Lordship of Christ, the teachings of the Scripture, and the findings of this report, as led by the Holy Spirit of God.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approving_stance_and_acknowledgement">Approving stance and acknowledgement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Approving stance and acknowledgement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many historical, traditional, and <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestant</a> denominations in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Europe">mainland Europe</a> officially do not prohibit Freemasonry. An example is the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Northern_Germany" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany</a>, a member church of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Germany">Evangelical Church in Germany</a>. It recognizes Freemasons among its members and sometimes the Masons hold public ceremonies in the historic <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hamburg" title="St. Michael's Church, Hamburg">St. Michael's Church, Hamburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Eastern Orthodox Churches have condemned Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-var_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-var-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, the Synod of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a> condemned Freemasonry, forbade all clerics to be members of it, and demanded that church members break all relations with Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-var_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-var-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, a condemnation was declared by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Romania">Church of Romania</a>, followed by a condemnation in the 1950s by the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-var_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-var-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the website of the Orthodox Church in America, "It is forbidden for an Orthodox Christian to be a member of the Masonic Fraternity because many of its teachings stand in direct conflict with those of Orthodox Christianity."<sup id="cite_ref-oca_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_Freemasonry" title="Mormonism and Freemasonry">Mormonism and Freemasonry</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> has a longstanding policy of maintaining no official position on Freemasonry. Some people, however, see links between the two movements in practice, structure, and symbolism, which go back to the church's origins. </p><p>Although the impact of Freemasonry in LDS Church doctrine is the subject of intense debate, it is believed by some that <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_Sr." title="Joseph Smith Sr.">Joseph Smith Sr.</a>, the father of the church's founder and first president, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, became a Freemason in 1816. Recent research casts doubt on this belief.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph Smith, likewise, became a Freemason in 1842, when the church was headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Nauvoo,_Illinois" title="Nauvoo, Illinois">Nauvoo, Illinois</a>. He and hundreds of his followers—including his first four successors as church president—all became Freemasons. Shortly after becoming a Freemason, Smith introduced the church's temple <a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Mormonism)" title="Endowment (Mormonism)">endowment ceremony</a>, which contained some symbols and language closely paralleling some of the rituals of Freemasonry. </p><p>When the church relocated to Utah in 1847 after Smith's <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a> it has been rumored, was unsuccessful in establishing masonic lodges in the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>. There has been no proof of this. This was supposedly due to several factors, but the church's practice of <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_polygamy" title="Mormonism and polygamy">polygamy</a> and the strong <a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">anti-Mormon sentiment</a> of the era greatly contributed. Distrust between members of the church and Masons grew throughout the second half of the 1800s. </p><p>Many Freemasons who were not members of the LDS Church harbored strong anti-Mormon sentiments that started in Nauvoo. Soon after Smith and his followers were initiated, the Grand Lodge of Illinois was compelled to revoke the charters of several predominantly Latter-day Saint lodges due to anti-Mormon sentiment and rumors of irregularities. In 1872, the Grand Lodge of Utah was formed and in 1925 implemented a policy prohibiting members of the church from become Masons or from associating with Utah lodges from out-of-state.<sup id="cite_ref-Utah_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Utah-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church also began discouraged its members from joining any "oath-bound" fraternities or "secret societies" without naming Freemasonry specifically, eventually codifying it in the <i><a href="/wiki/Church_Handbook_of_Instructions" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Handbook of Instructions">Church Handbook of Instructions</a></i>. In 1984, The Grand Lodge of Utah rescinded its ban on members of the church, after the proposal failed in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-Utah_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Utah-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the church removed language from the <i>Church Handbook of Instructions</i> that discouraged members from joining oath-bound fraternities. The <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Mormonism" title="Encyclopedia of Mormonism">Encyclopedia of Mormonism</a></i>, a quasi-official 1992 publication, clarified the church's position by stating that "the philosophy and major tenets of Freemasonry are not fundamentally incompatible with the teaching, theology, and doctrines of the Latter-day Saints." </p><p>Unlike many American Christian churches in the 21st century, the LDS Church does not currently have an anti-Masonic position. There is no formal barrier preventing a male from being both a member of the church and a Mason, and many have elected to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Glen Cook, a practicing Latter-day Saint, became the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Utah, and subsequently held national and international masonic offices <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Latter-day Saint Freemason, Mark E. Koltko-Rivera, who authored an introduction to Freemasonry entitled "Freemasonry: An Introduction." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philippine_Independent_Church">Philippine Independent Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Philippine Independent Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a>, officially the <i>Iglesia Filipina Independiente</i> (IFI), do not prohibit Freemasonry and allows its clergy and members to join Masonic organizations. Its earliest members and supporters, who are widely recognized <a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_the_Philippines" title="National Hero of the Philippines">national heroes of the country</a>, were notable Freemasons. Its first <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Bishop" title="Supreme Bishop">Supreme Bishop</a> and co-founder <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Aglipay" title="Gregorio Aglipay">Gregorio Aglipay</a> was a high-ranking <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_Philippines" title="Freemasonry in the Philippines">Mason in the Philippines</a>. Aglipay joined Masonry in 1918, sixteen years after the proclamation of the independent catholic denomination. At present, the church recognizes Freemasons among its members. Some of its bishops and high-ranking church officials are active members of Masonic lodges. The church firmly stands that Freemasonry in not a religion, nor a substitute for religion, and is not in conflict with their doctrines and practices as Christians. The church also refutes that Freemasonry is connected to Satanism, contrary to popular belief.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_religion">New religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: New religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freemasonry unambiguously states that it is not a religion, nor a substitute for religion.<sup id="cite_ref-UGLEreligion_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGLEreligion-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no separate "Masonic" God,<sup id="cite_ref-UGLErelig2_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGLErelig2-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor is there a separate proper name for a deity in any branch of Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-UGLErelig2_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGLErelig2-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In keeping with the geometrical and architectural theme of Freemasonry, the Supreme Being is referred to in Masonic ritual by the attributes of <a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect of the Universe</a> (sometimes abbreviated as G.A.O.T.U.), <i>Grand Geometer</i>, or something similar. Freemasons use these varied forms of address to make clear that the reference is generic and not about any one religion's particular identification of God. </p><p>Nevertheless, Freemasonry has been criticized as being a substitute for Christian belief. For example, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="New Catholic Encyclopedia">New Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> states the opinion that Freemasonry becomes a rival to Catholicism by displaying all of the elements of a religion, including altars, prayers, worship, and the promise of reward or punishment in the afterlife, among other things commonly seen in religions.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Links_to_Esotericism">Links to Esotericism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Links to Esotericism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain types of Freemasonry, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rite" title="Swedish Rite">Swedish Rite</a>, are said to be connected to <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric Christianity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-esoteric_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esoteric-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which holds that Orthodox Christian doctrine is for the duller masses and that "real" Christianity holds the <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric knowledge">secret knowledge</a> concerning the sacrifice of Christ on <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Golgotha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Christian_pagan_influences">Pre-Christian pagan influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pre-Christian pagan influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1917 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> says that the Masonic authors <i>Clavel, Ragnon, Pike</i> and <i>Mackey</i> claim Masonic symbolism is rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">solar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">phallic</a> worship of pre-Christian mystery religion, particularly <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-catheegypt_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catheegypt-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosicrucian_influences">Rosicrucian influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rosicrucian influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rosicrucianism" title="Rosicrucianism">Rosicrucianism</a></div> <p>The Rosicrucian symbol of the Rose Cross is also found in certain rituals of appendant bodies to Freemasonry which require candidates to be Master Masons.<sup id="cite_ref-rosecroix_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosecroix-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Anti-Masonic Christian authors have stated that Rosicrucian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fludd" title="Robert Fludd">Robert Fludd</a> (1574–1637) was a Mason. However, there is no evidence supporting this contention. Nor is there any documented evidence to support <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Arthur Edward Waite</a>'s (1857–1942) speculation that Fludd may have introduced a Rosicrucian influence into Freemasonry. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Vanloo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Vanloo (page does not exist)">Robert Vanloo</a> states that earlier 17th century Rosicrucianism had a considerable influence on "Anglo-Saxon" Masonry. </p><p>A list of groups linked to both Freemasonry and Rosicrucianism, which requires for membership admission to be <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Mason">Master Mason</a> (<i>see websites</i>), includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana_in_Anglia" title="Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia">Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia</a>, 1866</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana" title="Societas Rosicruciana">Societas Rosicruciana in Civitatibus Foederatis</a>, 1880</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Manly_Palmer_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Manly Palmer Hall">Manly Palmer Hall</a>, a noted occultist and author on Masonic topics, wrote a book called <i>Rosicrucian and Masonic Origins</i> in 1929 (long before he ever became a Mason)<sup id="cite_ref-MPL_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPL-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Rosicrucian author <a href="/wiki/Max_Heindel" title="Max Heindel">Max Heindel</a> wrote a book in the 1910s,<sup id="cite_ref-FandC_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FandC-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which portray Catholicism and Freemasonry as being two distinct streams in the development of Christianity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Claims_of_Satan_worship_and_response">Claims of Satan worship and response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Claims of Satan worship and response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some Christian critics of Freemasonry, often evangelical Christians, and all the Orthodox Christian Churches claim that Freemasonry involves the worship of Satan.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such claims are often supported by quoting, misquoting, or quoting out of context various individuals, both Masonic and non-Masonic, but not Masonic ritual itself. </p><p>Below are some of the more common quotations used on the internet in the attempt to establish the claim that Masons worship Satan, with some notes about them: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waite">Waite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Waite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>First Conjuration Addressed to Emperor Lucifer. Emperor Lucifer, Master and Prince of Rebellious Spirits, I adjure thee to leave thine abode, in what-ever quarter of the world it may be situated and come hither to communicate with me. I command and I conjure thee in the Name of the Mighty Living God, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, to appear without noise and without ....<sup id="cite_ref-Waite_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waite-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This quote is often attributed to "Arthur Edward Waite, 33°" on Christian Anti-Masonic websites, as if it were an authoritative statement from a "high level" Mason, but <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Waite</a> is not identified as a 33rd degree Mason anywhere in the book the quote is taken from.<sup id="cite_ref-Waite_cover_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waite_cover-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is described simply as an individual with an interest in the occult. Waite was not a Mason when he wrote this book (the book was written and published in 1898; Waite became a Mason in 1902). Additionally, according to the Masonic research document "The Lie of Luciferianism"<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waite was never a 33rd degree Mason; he never joined the Scottish Rite. He was, however, a "high level" member of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Magical_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Magical order">magical order</a> based on an initiated lodge model similar to Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-OSOGD_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSOGD-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hall">Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>I hereby promise the Great Spirit Lucifer, Prince of Demons, that each year I will bring unto him a human soul to do with as it may please him, and in return Lucifer promises to bestow upon me the treasures of the earth and fulfil my every desire for the length of my natural life. If I fail to bring him each year the offering specified above, then my own soul shall be forfeit to him. Signed..... {Invocant signs pact with his own blood}<sup id="cite_ref-Manley_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manley-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This passage is from <a href="/wiki/Manly_Palmer_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Manly Palmer Hall">Manly Palmer Hall</a>'s <i>The Secret Teachings of All Ages</i> (specifically, the chapter "Ceremonial Magic and Sorcery."). As with Waite, Christian Anti-masons use this quotation as if it were an "authoritative" statement from a "high level" Mason. However, as with Waite, Hall is not identified as a 33° Mason anywhere in the book, nor is there a record of his reception of the 33° cited in any readily available source that does not include the above quotation. According to the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon, Hall <i>was</i> initiated into Freemasonry, but not until 1954,<sup id="cite_ref-M_P_Hall_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_P_Hall-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he was 53 years old. <i>The secret Teachings of All Ages</i> was published in 1928,<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_book_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall_book-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he was only 27. More importantly, the quotation is taken out of context. Hall is not discussing Freemasonry at all, but rather summarizing how a magician would invoke a spirit and giving an example of how a demonic pact might read. Hall was an occultist, and according to one source,<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a well-established lecturer on the occult and other esoterica by the age of 20, before he was even eligible to become a Mason. </p> <blockquote><p>When The Mason learns that the Key to the warrior on the block is the proper application of the dynamo of living power, he has learned the Mystery of his Craft. The seething energies of Lucifer are in his hands and before he may step onward and upward, he must prove his ability to properly apply this energy.<sup id="cite_ref-Manley2_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manley2-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This quotation appears in Hall's <i>The Lost Keys Of Freemasonry</i>. It appears in Chapter 4 (titled "The Fellowcraft") which has nothing to do with the actual Fellowcraft degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Lost_Keys_chapt_4_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lost_Keys_chapt_4-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The passage is again taken out of context, and its meaning changes when it is put back into the context of the chapter it comes from: it is part of a larger philosophical discussion which can also be read to imply that the improper use of "energies" can make the Mason a tool of Satan. Furthermore, even taken out of context, this passage does not refer to worshipping Satan <i>per se</i>. As with the previous quotation from <i>Secret Teachings of All Ages</i>, the book was written well before Hall became a Mason. In his Introduction to the book Hall clearly states: "At the time I wrote this slender volume, I had just passed my twenty-first birthday, and my only contact with Freemasonry was through a few books commonly available to the public".<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blavatsky">Blavatsky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Blavatsky"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>"Satan, or Lucifer, represents the active, or, as M. Jules Baissac calls it, the 'Centrifugal Energy of the Universe' in a cosmic sense. He is Fire, Light, Life, Struggle, Effort, Thought, Consciousness, Progress, Civilization, Liberty, Independence. At the same time he is pain, which is the Re-action of the pleasure of action, and death — which is the revolution of life — Satan, burning in his own hell, produced by the fury of his own momentum — the expansive disintegration of the nebulæ which is to concentrate into new worlds"<sup id="cite_ref-The_Secret_Doctrine_Volume_II_pp._245_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Secret_Doctrine_Volume_II_pp._245-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This quotation is taken from <a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a>'s <i>magnum opus</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Doctrine" title="The Secret Doctrine">The Secret Doctrine</a></i>, and is often presented by Anti-Masons as evidence of <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a> on the part of Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This passage is quite regularly taken out of its context as Blavatsky makes extensive use of symbols and types in communicating occult doctrine. Furthermore, Blavatsky was not associated with Freemasonry and nor did she ever claim to be. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pike_and_Taxil">Pike and Taxil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pike and Taxil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taxil_hoax" title="Taxil hoax">Taxil hoax</a></div> <blockquote><p>Yes, Lucifer is God, and unfortunately Adonay is also God. For the eternal law is that there is no light without shade, no beauty without ugliness, no white without black, for the absolute can only exist as two Gods: darkness being necessary to light to serve as its foil as the pedestal is necessary to the statue, and the brake to the locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-Albert2_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albert2-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pike" title="Albert Pike">Albert Pike</a> is frequently quoted by Christian Anti-Masons, often with the quotation taken out of context. However, in this case the statement was not even written by Pike. It was included in a letter which con artist Leo Taxil <i>claimed</i> was from Pike, and was later demonstrated to be a forgery.<sup id="cite_ref-HC_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Confession_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Confession-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crowley">Crowley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Crowley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The occultist <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a>, who called himself "The Great Beast <a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666</a>" claimed to be a Freemason, and his association with Freemasonry is one major reason why some conservative Christians see it as an occult organization. According to Martin P. Starr, all of the lodges and organizations Crowley joined and founded were considered irregular.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Freemasonry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oca-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oca_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oca_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/questions/nonchristiangroups/masonic-fraternity">"Masonic Fraternity - Questions & Answers"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Masonic+Fraternity+-+Questions+%26+Answers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fquestions%2Fnonchristiangroups%2Fmasonic-fraternity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_Masonic_Associations" title="Declaration on Masonic Associations">Declaration on Masonic Associations</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/library/docs_df83ma.htm">Catholic Library</a>: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_Masonic_Associations" title="Declaration on Masonic Associations">Declaration on Masonic Associations</a> at <i>newadvent.org</i>. Retrieved 2011-10-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrdFra-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrdFra_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"French Masonry and above all the Grand Orient of France has displayed the most systematic activity as the dominating political element in the French "Kulturkampf" since 1877." From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a> from the <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEkadosh-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CEkadosh_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Kadosh (thirtieth degree), trampling on the papal tiara and the royal crown, is destined to wreak a just vengeance on these "high criminals" for the murder of Molay [128] and "as the apostle of truth and the rights of man" [129] to deliver mankind "from the bondage of Despotism and the thraldom of spiritual Tyranny"." From the article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Catholic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Catholic_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Catholic_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, 1967 ed, Volume 6, pp 132–139, McGraw-Hill, New York. The most recent edition (2002) does not contain any article on Freemasonry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cenoah-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cenoah_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In the text of 1738 particular stress is laid on "freedom of conscience," and the universal, non-Christian character of Masonry is emphasized. The Mason is called a "true Noahida", i.e. an adherent of the pre-Christian and pre-Mosaic system of undivided mankind." From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a> in the <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19850223_declaration-masonic_articolo_en.html">"Irreconciliability between Christian faith and Freemasonry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i>. March 11, 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070505161045/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19850223_declaration-masonic_articolo_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Osservatore+Romano&rft.atitle=Irreconciliability+between+Christian+faith+and+Freemasonry&rft.date=1985-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_19850223_declaration-masonic_articolo_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Franklin_(philosopher)" title="James Franklin (philosopher)">Franklin, James</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.maths.unsw.edu.au/~jim/masons.pdf">"Catholics versus Masons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society</i>. <b>20</b>: 1–15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Australian+Catholic+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Catholics+versus+Masons&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.maths.unsw.edu.au%2F~jim%2Fmasons.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ewtnclar-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ewtnclar_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtnclar_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/CDFMASN1.HTM">Clarification concerning status of Catholics becoming Freemasons</a> at <a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a>.com. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cardinal Franjo Seper, then prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, sent a letter dated July 19, 1974, to <a href="/wiki/John_Krol" title="John Krol">John Cardinal Krol</a> which concluded that "Canon 2335 regards only those Catholics who join associations which plot against the Church." from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822144701/http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?id=1368&CFID=11052449&CFTOKEN=28747443">The Pastoral Problem of Masonic Membership</a> 1985 by William A Whalen, distributed by the American Bishop's Conference</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Since many bishops stated in their reply to an earlier survey that confusion had been generated by a perceived change of approach by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith" From Introduction to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?id=5285">Letter of April 19, 1985 to U.S. Bishops Concerning Masonry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In good faith many of these men had asked their pastors and/or bishops for permission to join the Lodge. Some converts were received into the Church during these years and were not asked to relinquish their Masonic affiliation." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822144701/http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?id=1368&CFID=11052449&CFTOKEN=28747443">The Pastoral Problem of Masonic Membership</a>, William Whalen, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCLaw-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCLaw_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"As can be seen, no longer does the Canon impose excommunication on Catholic Masons, or even mention Masons directly.", the attitude of the church has been to regard Freemasonry as an acceptable sphere for fraternal interaction." From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themasonictrowel.com/Articles/Freemasonry/religion_files/roman_catholic_law_regarding_freemasonry.htm">Roman Catholic Church Law Regarding Freemasonry</a> by Reid McInvale, Texas Lodge of Research.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger then issued the November 26, 1983, document, which reaffirmed the historic position against Freemasonry. This statement had also been specifically approved by John Paul II." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822144701/http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?id=1368&CFID=11052449&CFTOKEN=28747443">The Pastoral Problem of Masonic Membership</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bessel.org/cathanslow.htm">Catholic Church and Freemasonry - Anslow</a>, Paul M. Bessel's website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-askbelieve-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-askbelieve_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We do ask a man if he believes in God and that is the only religious test." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/religion.html">Freemasonry and religion</a>, from the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-april19sup-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-april19sup_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-april19sup_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The nature of the Masonic God is best seen in their favorite title for him: the Supreme Architect. The Masonic God is first of all a deistic God, who is found at the top of the ladder of Masonic wisdom", Jolicoeur and Knowles, pp. 14-15 cited in "The Pastoral Problem of Masonic Membership", sent out as a part of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5285">Letter of April 19, 1985 to U.S. Bishops Concerning Masonry</a> by Cardinal Bernard Law</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-englos-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-englos_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/DEISM.HTM">Deism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060205101212/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/DEISM.HTM">Archived</a> 2006-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in the European Enlightenment Glossary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cathencold-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cathencold_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Masonry (Freemasonry)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Masonry+%28Freemasonry%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F09771a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-builders-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-builders_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quote from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/mas/bui/bui11.htm">The Builders</a> by Joseph Fort Newton, 1914</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anderson_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article I of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Anderson1866" class="citation book cs1">James Anderson (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KhJFAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Constitutions of the Free-masons: Containing the History, Charges, Regulations, Etc. of that Most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity</i></a>. Masonic Pub. and Manufacturing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutions+of+the+Free-masons%3A+Containing+the+History%2C+Charges%2C+Regulations%2C+Etc.+of+that+Most+Ancient+and+Right+Worshipful+Fraternity&rft.pub=Masonic+Pub.+and+Manufacturing+Company&rft.date=1866&rft.au=James+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKhJFAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usconstitution-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usconstitution_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Amendment I - Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html#amendmenti">From the Constitution of the United States</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanymasons.org/PDF/compact.pdf">Masonic Compact</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812164846/http://albanymasons.org/PDF/compact.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> hosted at www.albanymasons.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etsi1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etsi1_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/on-conditions-in-italy-3443"><i>Etsi Nos</i> (On Conditions in Italy)</a>, Item 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloc-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bloc_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"If the Bloc has been established, this is owing to Freemasonry and to the discipline learned in the lodges. The measures we have now to urge are the separation of Church and State and a law concerning instruction. Let us put our trust in the word of our Bro. Combes" from quoted as footnote 158 in the article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a> in the Catholic Encyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etsi2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etsi2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"the position of the religious authorities as to the education of the young utterly ignored" Pope Leo XIII <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/L13ITL.HTM"><i>Etsi Nos</i> (On Conditions in Italy)</a>, Item 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yorkrite-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yorkrite_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oscar J. Salinas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkrite.com/gcmx/os1999.html">Mexican Masonry- Politics & Religion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615063850/http://www.yorkrite.com/gcmx/os1999.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obeservertore-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Obeservertore_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The March 11, 1985, issue of L'Osservatore Romano carried an article titled "Irreconcilability Between Christian Faith and Freemasonry" as a comment on the November 26, 1983, declaration. In part the Vatican newspaper said a Christian "cannot cultivate relations of two types with God nor express his relation with the Creator through symbolic forms of two types." Quoted in "The Pastoral Problem of Masonic Membership" in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholiculture.net/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5285">Letter of April 19, 1985 to U.S. Bishops Concerning Masonry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924182559/http://www.catholiculture.net/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5285">Archived</a> September 24, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Cardinal Bernard Law</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish4-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fish4_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The truth of the matter is, Freemasonry espouses universalism, <b>embraces religious pluralism</b> and has effectively created a unique syncretistic religion." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fish4masons.org/home.html">Order of Former Freemasons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060324062651/http://www.fish4masons.org/home.html">Archived</a> 2006-03-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-symbols-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-symbols_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackey, <b>Symbolism of Freemasonry</b>, 1869, 303, Cited in the article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a> from the Catholic Encyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson-a-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anderson-a_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Anderson1723" class="citation book cs1">James Anderson (1723). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lmdTAAAAcAAJ"><i>The Constitutions Of The Free-Masons: Containing The History, Charges, Regulations Etc. of that Most Annient and Right Worshipful Fraternity : For the Use of the Lodges</i></a>. Hunter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutions+Of+The+Free-Masons%3A+Containing+The+History%2C+Charges%2C+Regulations+Etc.+of+that+Most+Annient+and+Right+Worshipful+Fraternity+%3A+For+the+Use+of+the+Lodges&rft.pub=Hunter&rft.date=1723&rft.au=James+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlmdTAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span>, Article I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Brent Morris, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Freemasonry, Alpha/Penguin Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59257-490-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59257-490-4">1-59257-490-4</a>, p. 202-203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Brent Morris, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Freemasonry, Alpha/Penguin Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59257-490-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59257-490-4">1-59257-490-4</a>, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ub.org/discipline/04-membership-standards/">"04-Membership Standards | Church of the United Brethren"</a>. 2011-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=04-Membership+Standards+%7C+Church+of+the+United+Brethren&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fub.org%2Fdiscipline%2F04-membership-standards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-els-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-els_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090522013152/http://www.holycrossmadison.org/churchfiles/elsbelieve.htm#10.%20%20CHURCH%20FELLOWSHIP">"A Concise Doctrinal Statement of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod"</a>. Holy Cross Lutheran Church and School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holycrossmadison.org/churchfiles/elsbelieve.htm#10.%20%20CHURCH%20FELLOWSHIP">the original</a> on 22 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>We also reject participation or membership in religious organizations which have features that are in conflict with the Christian faith, such as the Masonic Lodge and similar organizations</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Doctrinal+Statement+of+the+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft.pub=Holy+Cross+Lutheran+Church+and+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holycrossmadison.org%2Fchurchfiles%2Felsbelieve.htm%2310.%2520%2520CHURCH%2520FELLOWSHIP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/faq/joining-the-freemasons/">"Joining the Freemasons"</a>. 13 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joining+the+Freemasons&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Ffaq%2Fjoining-the-freemasons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>For the first time in the history of the SBC, however, the Convention concluded, “many tenets and teachings of Freemasonry are not compatible with Christianity or Southern Baptist doctrine.” </i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namb.net/atf/cf/{CDA250E8-8866-4236-9A0C-C646DE153446}/Closer_Look_Freemasonry.pdf">A Closer Look at Freemasonry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704055316/http://www.namb.net/atf/cf/%7BCDA250E8-8866-4236-9A0C-C646DE153446%7D/Closer_Look_Freemasonry.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/North_American_Mission_Board" title="North American Mission Board">North American Mission Board</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> quoting Annual of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1993, Nashville: Executive Committee, Southern Baptist Convention, 1993, p. 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The "Closer Look" concludes by noting that while many Christians and leaders have been and are Masons, "several points of the lodge's teachings are non-biblical and non-Christian." It also states that "while Freemasonry encourages and supports charitable activities, it contains both multireligious and inclusivistic teachings that are not Christian in its religious instruction."</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?ID=5959">New publication on Freemasonry available from SBC's North American Mission Board</a>, June 9, 2000, James Dotson, Baptist Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcms.org/faqs/lcmsviews">"LCMS Views - Frequently Asked Questions - the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LCMS+Views+-+Frequently+Asked+Questions+-+the+Lutheran+Church%E2%80%94Missouri+Synod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lcms.org%2Ffaqs%2Flcmsviews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Meehan,_CRC_Communications" class="citation web cs1">Chris Meehan, CRC Communications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crcna.org/news.cfm?newsid=453">"CRC Scholar Discusses 19th Century Controversy over Freemasonry"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRC+Scholar+Discusses+19th+Century+Controversy+over+Freemasonry&rft.au=Chris+Meehan%2C+CRC+Communications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crcna.org%2Fnews.cfm%3Fnewsid%3D453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-breth-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-breth_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Brethren objected to the oaths required of the mason, and even more to the evidence of heathen beliefs about Jesus Christ incorporated in the higher levels of this secret society. Joining such was forbidden" from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cob-net.org/docs/brethrenlife_dunkers.htm">Brethren Life</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ag.org/-/media/AGORG/Downloads/Constitution-and-Bylaws/GCM-08-2017---Constitution-and-Bylaws-with-Minutes-and-Index.pdf?la=en">"Why should Christians avoid membership in secret societies such as the Masons?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. General Council of the Assemblies of God. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+should+Christians+avoid+membership+in+secret+societies+such+as+the+Masons%3F&rft.pub=General+Council+of+the+Assemblies+of+God&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fag.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2FAGORG%2FDownloads%2FConstitution-and-Bylaws%2FGCM-08-2017---Constitution-and-Bylaws-with-Minutes-and-Index.pdf%3Fla%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span><i>This document reflects commonly held beliefs based on scripture which have been endorsed by the church's Commission on Doctrinal Purity and the Executive Presbytery... The official delineation of this position is found in the Assemblies of God Bylaws, Article IX, Part B, Section 4 "Membership in Secret Orders".</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whalenquaker-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whalenquaker_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Quakers will not join secret societies, such as Freemasonry, which specialize in oaths." The Quakers, or Our Neighbors, The Friends by William J. Whalen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fgcquaker.org/library/welcome/whalen3.html">4:Practices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007102137/http://www.fgcquaker.org/library/welcome/whalen3.html">Archived</a> 2006-10-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freemeth-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-freemeth_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"They found the main body of the church disinterested in their reforms and broke away to form the Free Methodist Church, which survives to this day as a small group which does not permit its members to join any lodge." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bessel.org/helmer/four.htm">FOUR FACETS of FRIENDSHIP THE SHORT TALK BULLETIN Short Talk Bulletin - April 1972</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041225114855/http://www.bessel.org/helmer/four.htm">Archived</a> 2004-12-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by George Helmer, hosted on the Masonic Leadership Center - <b>NOTE THIS LINK MAY HAVE MOVED</b>...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seventh-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seventh_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"She talked of Free Masonry  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] and the impossibility of a man's being a Free Mason  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] and a Seventh-day Adventist at the same time.", <a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen White</a>, a co-founder of the Seventh Day Adventists, quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whiteestate.org/books/bhp/bhpc08.html">Chapter Eight</a>, God Revealed Secrets Through Ellen G. White</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opc-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-opc_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"membership in the Masonic fraternity is inconsistent with Christianity", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opc.org/GA/masonry.html">Christ or the Lodge? A Report on Freemasonry</a>, Committee on Secret Societies, ninth General Assembly of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, June 2–5, 1942</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCoS-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FCoS_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"... in the minds of the committee, according to their interpretations of the Scriptures, membership of Freemasonry... is inconsistent with a profession of the Christian faith." Unnamed report, quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jubilee.org.nz/p38.htm">Freemasonry: What Do Christian Churches Really Think about The Lodge?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060306043147/http://www.jubilee.org.nz/p38.htm">Archived</a> 2006-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, hosted by Jubilee Resources International</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bus-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bus_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"However, the clear conclusion we have reached from our enquiry is that there is an inherent incompatibility between Freemasonry and the Christian faith. Also that commitment within the movement is inconsistent with a Christian's commitment to Jesus Christ as Lord." From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.believersweb.org/view.cfm?ID=577">Baptists and Freemasonry</a>, date and author unknown, published by the Baptist Union of Scotland and endorsed by the Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCA-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCA_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"No one shall be received into membership into a PCA church who is a member of a Masonic organisation. Present members of a church in the PCA who are members of a Masonic organisation will be given a period of one year to read the report of the Committee to Study Freemasonry, pray and consider their membership in the Order in light of the clear statement of incompatibility of Freemasonry with Biblical Christianity. After said year, they will be allowed to resign membership or become the subject of formal church discipline." Unnamed report adopted by the General Assembly of PCA, April 15–16, 1988, quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jubilee.org.nz/p38.htm">Freemasonry: What Do Christian Churches Really Think about The Lodge?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060306043147/http://www.jubilee.org.nz/p38.htm">Archived</a> 2006-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, hosted by Jubilee Resources International</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RPCI-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RPCI_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"4. Unchristian Fellowship - True fellowship exists only between those who are united by saving faith to the Lord Jesus Christ. Freemasonry, for example, excludes the mediation of Christ and accepts, as brothers, representatives of many non-Christian religions. Scripture, however, clearly teaches that we can have fellowship with one another only because "our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son, Jesus Christ." From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpc.org/beliefs/testimony/ch12.htm">The Church and Secret Societies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060717200943/http://www.rpc.org/beliefs/testimony/ch12.htm">Archived</a> 2006-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the church's home page</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kerkargief.co.za/doks/acta/AS_KO_2013.pdf">"Die Kerkorde van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. kerkargief.co.za<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Kerkorde+van+die+Nederduitse+Gereformeerde+Kerk&rft.pub=kerkargief.co.za&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkerkargief.co.za%2Fdoks%2Facta%2FAS_KO_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/constitutions-bylaws-and-continuing-resolutions-of-the-elca">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Churchwide Constitution, revised as of November 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNefontaine1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nefontaine, Luc (1994). "Chapitre 4 : Une fraternité morcelée". <i>La Franc-Maçonnerie : Une fraternité révélée</i>. Collection « <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Découvertes Gallimard</a> / Traditions » (nº 211) (in French). Paris: Éditions Gallimard. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-07-034917-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-07-034917-3"><bdi>978-2-07-034917-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32212386">32212386</a>. <q>Alors que l'Église d'Angleterre s'était toujours montrée très liée à la maçonnerie, depuis les années 1980 évêques et pasteurs anglicans posent sur elles un jugement négatif, pour des motifs théologiques.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapitre+4+%3A+Une+fraternit%C3%A9+morcel%C3%A9e&rft.btitle=La+Franc-Ma%C3%A7onnerie+%3A+Une+fraternit%C3%A9+r%C3%A9v%C3%A9l%C3%A9e&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Collection+%C2%AB+D%C3%A9couvertes+Gallimard+%2F+Traditions+%C2%BB+%28n%C2%BA+211%29&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32212386&rft.isbn=978-2-07-034917-3&rft.aulast=Nefontaine&rft.aufirst=Luc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/our-views/home-and-community-affairs/home-affairs-policy/freemasonry.aspx">Church of England and freemasonry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scotsman-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scotsman_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=185672003">Many Kirk members still Masons despite earlier call to 'think again'</a> Saturday 15 Feb 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1986_1-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1986_1_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It is clear that Freemasonry may compete strongly with Christianity. There is a great danger that the Christian who becomes a Freemason will find himself compromising his Christian beliefs or his allegiance to Christ, perhaps without realizing what he is doing." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=149">Guidance to Methodists on Freemasonry, para. 21, adopted by the Conference of 1985 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1986_2-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1986_2_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Consequently our guidance to the Methodist people is that Methodists should not become Freemasons." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=149">Guidance to Methodists on Freemasonry, para. 22, adopted by the Conference of 1985 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1986_3-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1986_3_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We recognise that there are many loyal and sincere Methodists who are Freemasons, whose commitment to Christ is unquestionable and who see no incompatibility in their membership of the Methodist Church and of Freemasonry. We urge all Methodists who are already Freemasons to study this report and consider carefully the questions raised here." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=149">Guidance to Methodists on Freemasonry, para. 23, adopted by the Conference of 1985 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1986_4-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1986_4_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Meetings of Freemasons' Lodges or other meetings for masonic purposes may not be held on Methodist premises." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=150">Standing Order 919(1) (subsequently renumbered Standing Order 928(1)) found in Guidance to Methodists on Freemasonry, para. 24 and footnote, adopted by the Conference of 1985 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1985meth-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1985meth_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamill1989" class="citation web cs1">Hamill, John M. (May 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005235/http://mysite.verizon.net/vze244bj/ReadingText/CONTEMPORARY_ANTI-FREEMASONRY.txt">"CONTEMPORARY ANTI-FREEMASONRY"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mysite.verizon.net/vze244bj/ReadingText/CONTEMPORARY_ANTI-FREEMASONRY.txt">the original</a> on 2007-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONTEMPORARY+ANTI-FREEMASONRY&rft.date=1989-05&rft.aulast=Hamill&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmysite.verizon.net%2Fvze244bj%2FReadingText%2FCONTEMPORARY_ANTI-FREEMASONRY.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1996_1-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1996_1_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We urge Methodists who are considering becoming Freemasons to give careful thought to our hesitations about the wisdom of joining such a society." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=159">Freemasonry, para. 31(3), adopted by the Conference of 1996 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1996_2-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1996_2_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We have indicated that being a Freemason does not disqualify a person from membership, or the holding of office, within the Methodist Church. Nevertheless, in the light of this report, Methodist Freemasons must take responsibility for the judgements they make about the compatibility of membership of both bodies.", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=159">Freemasonry, para. 31(2), adopted by the Conference of 1996 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1996_3-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1996_3_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We recognise positive changes that have taken place within Freemasonry in recent years, but encourage the United Lodge to become ever more open to scrutiny, so that trust may have the chance to grow and causes of suspicion be diminished. In addition, there remain some doctrinal issues, such as the nature of God, salvation, prayer, religion and rituals, that have not been satisfactorily resolved.", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=159">Freemasonry, para. 31(4), adopted by the Conference of 1996 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meth1996_4-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meth1996_4_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The recommendation of the 1985 report relating to the use of Methodist premises by Freemasons is now a Standing Order (928) and needs no longer to be part of this report.", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/downloads/Faith_and_Order_Statements_Vol2_Part2_0409.pdf#page=158">Freemasonry, para. 29, adopted by the Conference of 1996 and printed in Statements and Reports of the Methodist Church on Faith and Order, Volume Two 1984-2000, Part Two</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140403025529/http://www.sbc.net/faqs.asp">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>Southern Baptist Convention</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbc.net/faqs.asp">the original</a> on 2014-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Baptist+Convention&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbc.net%2Ffaqs.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045251/http://www.4truth.net/uploadedFiles/4truth/Content/Primary_Navigation/A%20Report%20on%20Freemasonry.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4truth.net/uploadedFiles/4truth/Content/Primary_Navigation/A%20Report%20on%20Freemasonry.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.4truth.net%2FuploadedFiles%2F4truth%2FContent%2FPrimary_Navigation%2FA%2520Report%2520on%2520Freemasonry.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-var-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-var_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-var_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-var_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVar2014" class="citation book cs1">Var, Jean-François (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x033AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155">"Freemasonry and the Orthodox Churches"</a>. In Bogdan, Henrik; Snoek, Jan A. M. (eds.). <i>Handbook of Freemasonry</i>. Brill handbooks on contemporary religion. Vol. 8. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004218338" title="Special:BookSources/9789004218338"><bdi>9789004218338</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Freemasonry+and+the+Orthodox+Churches&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Freemasonry&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Brill+handbooks+on+contemporary+religion&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789004218338&rft.aulast=Var&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx033AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Method Infinite: Freemasonry and the Mormon Restoration by Cheryl L. Bruno, Joe Steve Swick (III), and Ni̤cholas S. Literski, page 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Utah-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Utah</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm">The Mormon Church and Freemasonry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714072256/http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm">Archived</a> 2007-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207064436/http://www.signaturebookslibrary.org/essays/mason.htm">"An Introduction to Mormonism and Freemasonry"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signaturebookslibrary.org/essays/mason.htm">the original</a> on 2006-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Mormonism+and+Freemasonry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signaturebookslibrary.org%2Fessays%2Fmason.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utahgrandlodge.org/past-grand-masters/">Grand Lodge of Utah Past Grand Masters</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele" class="citation web cs1">Steele, Eric C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=5&new_day=5&new_year=2016">"TODAY in Masonic History: Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayan is Born"</a>. <i>Masonry Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Masonry+Today&rft.atitle=TODAY+in+Masonic+History%3A+Gregorio+Aglipay+Cruz+y+Labayan+is+Born&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Eric+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masonrytoday.com%2Findex.php%3Fnew_month%3D5%26new_day%3D5%26new_year%3D2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaximiano2021" class="citation news cs1">Maximiano, Dr. Jose Mario Bautista (August 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.inquirer.net/80078/the-aglipayan-church-in-our-history">"The Aglipayan Church in our history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=The+Aglipayan+Church+in+our+history&rft.date=2021-08-11&rft.aulast=Maximiano&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Jose+Mario+Bautista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.inquirer.net%2F80078%2Fthe-aglipayan-church-in-our-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaximiano2020" class="citation news cs1">Maximiano, Dr. Jose Mario Bautista (May 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.inquirer.net/54689/can-you-be-a-catholic-freemason">"Can you be a Catholic Freemason?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Can+you+be+a+Catholic+Freemason%3F&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.aulast=Maximiano&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Jose+Mario+Bautista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.inquirer.net%2F54689%2Fcan-you-be-a-catholic-freemason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathiasde_Uriarte2020" class="citation book cs1">Mathias, Jayme; de Uriarte, Mercedes Lynn (October 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/97825750/Aglipayan_The_Flourishing_of_Independent_Catholicism_in_the_Philippines"><i>Aglipayan: The Flourishing of Independent Catholicism in the Philippines</i></a>. Independently Published. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9798554434310" title="Special:BookSources/9798554434310"><bdi>9798554434310</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aglipayan%3A+The+Flourishing+of+Independent+Catholicism+in+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Independently+Published&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft.isbn=9798554434310&rft.aulast=Mathias&rft.aufirst=Jayme&rft.au=de+Uriarte%2C+Mercedes+Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F97825750%2FAglipayan_The_Flourishing_of_Independent_Catholicism_in_the_Philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UGLEreligion-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UGLEreligion_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, this is stated in exactly these words on the web site of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandlodge-england.org/masonry/freemasonry-and-religion.htm">United Grand Lodge of England</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UGLErelig2-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UGLErelig2_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UGLErelig2_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugle.org.uk/">"Home of Freemasonry | United Grand Lodge of England"</a>. <i>www.ugle.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ugle.org.uk&rft.atitle=Home+of+Freemasonry+%26%23124%3B+United+Grand+Lodge+of+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugle.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freemasonry article from the <a href="/wiki/New_Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="New Catholic Encyclopedia">New Catholic Encyclopedia</a>, 1964, Volume 6, pages 132 through 139 inclusive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esoteric-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-esoteric_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In the Swedish system, practised by the German Country Grand Lodge, Christ is said to have taught besides the exoteric Christian doctrine, destined for the people and the duller mass of his disciples, an esoteric doctrine for his chosen disciples, such as St. John, in which He denied that He was God." Findel, "Die Schule der Hierarchie, etc.", 1870, 15 sqq.; Schiffmann, "Die Entstehung der Rittergrade", 1882, 85, 92, 95 sq. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a>, from the Catholic Encyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner, Rudolf</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uncletaz.com/exoeso.html">Exoteric and Esoteric Christianity</a></i> [Das Sonnenmysterium von Tod und Auferstehung], 1922</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catheegypt-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-catheegypt_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">footnotes 113 and 114 in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09771a.htm">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a> in the Catholic Encyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosecroix-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosecroix_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example the name of the Scottish Rite degree Knight Rose Croix.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/mas/md/md19.htm">Knight Rose Croix</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPL-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPL_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, Manly Palmer, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://the_mystic_light.tripod.com/rosicrucian_and_masonic.htm">Rosicrucian and Masonic Origins</a></i>, 1929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FandC-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FandC_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heindel, Max, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosicrucian.com/frc/frceng01.htm">Freemasonry and Catholicism</a></i>, 1910s</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example is, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chick.com/reading/tracts/0093/0093_01.asp">Masonry</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jack_Chick" title="Jack Chick">Jack Chick</a> tract accusing Masons of Satanism (images, ≈561Kb)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waite-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waite_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cephasministry.com/masonic_worship.html">Cephas Ministry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221001139/http://www.cephasministry.com/masonic_worship.html">Archived</a> 2006-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> citing "Arthur Edward Waite 33°" <i>The Book Of Black Magic</i>, page 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waite_cover-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waite_cover_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0877282072/">The cover of A E Waite's book</a>, retrieved 11 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levi-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levi_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levi_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/luciferianism.html">The lie of luciferianism</a>, retrieved 11 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSOGD-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OSOGD_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osogd.org/library/biscuits/history.html">A Short Treatise on the History, Culture and Practices of The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928121719/http://www.osogd.org/library/biscuits/history.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 10 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manley-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manley_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctmin.org/To%20The%20Churches%20of%20Red%20Deer.htm">Choosing Truth Ministries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050830143613/http://www.ctmin.org/To%20The%20Churches%20of%20Red%20Deer.htm">Archived</a> 2005-08-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - citing "Manley Palmer Hall 33°", <i>The Secret Teachings of All Ages</i>, Page CIV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M_P_Hall-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M_P_Hall_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/hall_m_p/hall_m_p.html">Manly Palmer Hall</a>, retrieved 11 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall_book-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hall_book_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prs.org/secret.htm">'The Secret Teachings of All Ages', by Manly P. Hall</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100524070656/http://prs.org/secret.htm">Archived</a> 2010-05-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 11 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hall_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crucible.org/mphall.htm">The Secret Teachings of All Ages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060408205326/http://www.crucible.org/mphall.htm">Archived</a> 2006-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 11 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manley2-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manley2_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plymouthbrethren.com/success.htm">Plymouth Brethren</a> citing "Manley Palmer Hall 33°", <i>The Lost Keys Of Freemasonry</i>, Page 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lost_Keys_chapt_4-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lost_Keys_chapt_4_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_lostkeys5.htm">'The Lost Keys of Freemasonry', chapter IV, by Manly P. Hall</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051024130456/http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_lostkeys5.htm">Archived</a> 2005-10-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 11 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Secret_Doctrine_Volume_II_pp._245-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Secret_Doctrine_Volume_II_pp._245_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903045243/http://www.phx-ult-lodge.org/SDVolume2.htm">"The Secret Doctrine by H"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phx-ult-lodge.org/SDVolume2.htm">the original</a> on 2019-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Doctrine+by+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phx-ult-lodge.org%2FSDVolume2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/Freemasonry/cofreemasonry.htm">this</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/Illuminati/lucifer_magazine.htm">this</a> website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albert2-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Albert2_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnthebible.org/q_a_freemasonry.htm">Learnthebible.org</a> citing 'Albert Pike 33° <i>Instructions to the 23 Supreme Councils of the world</i> Supposedly issued July 14, 1889; A. C. De La Rive in <i>La Femme et l'Enfant dans la Franc-Maconnerie Universelle</i> (page 588)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HC-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HC_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">written by Noah Nicholas and Molly Bedell (2006-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509073926/http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/tv_guide/full_details/World_history/programme_3234.php">"Mysteries Of The Freemasons — America"</a>. <i>Decoding the Past</i>. <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Television_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Television Networks">A&E Television Networks</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">The History Channel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/tv_guide/full_details/World_history/programme_3234.php">the original</a> on 2007-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decoding+the+Past&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorychannel.co.uk%2Fsite%2Ftv_guide%2Ffull_details%2FWorld_history%2Fprogramme_3234.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Confession-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Confession_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303091224/http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil.htm">"The Confession of Leo Taxil"</a>. April 25, 1897. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil.htm">the original</a> on 2007-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Confession+of+Leo+Taxil&rft.date=1897-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltreligion.about.com%2Flibrary%2Ftexts%2Fbl_confessiontaxil.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowley-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crowley_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freemasonry.bcy.ca/aqc/crowley.html">"ALeister Crowley: Freemason!"</a>. <i>freemasonry.bcy.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freemasonry.bcy.ca&rft.atitle=ALeister+Crowley%3A+Freemason%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Faqc%2Fcrowley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <hr /> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruber1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gruber, Hermann (1910). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Masonry_(Freemasonry)" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Masonry (Freemasonry)">Masonry (Freemasonry)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Masonry+%28Freemasonry%29&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+attitudes+towards+Freemasonry" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.douknow.net/fm_FreemasonryandChristianity.htm">Freemasonry & Christianity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oztorah.com/2010/02/was-freemasonry-dechristianised/">Was Freemasonry Dechristianised?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicanhistory.org/misc/freemasonry/">Anglicanism and Freemasonry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Freemasonry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freemasonry_footer" title="Template:Freemasonry footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freemasonry_footer" title="Template talk:Freemasonry footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freemasonry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal organisation">Fraternal organisations</a> with origins in the United Kingdom in the 18th century, sorted by <a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">bodies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">lodges</a>, locations and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_rites" title="List of Masonic rites">rites</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_abbreviations" title="List of Masonic abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Reflection" title="Chamber of Reflection">Chamber of Reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry" title="History of Freemasonry">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_Grand_Lodges" title="List of Masonic Grand Lodges">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Landmarks" title="Masonic Landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_manuscripts" title="Masonic manuscripts">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_music" title="Masonic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_myths" title="Masonic myths">Masonic myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_rites" title="List of Masonic rites">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism" title="Masonic ritual and symbolism">Ritual and Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_lodge" title="Research lodge">Research lodge</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Square_compasses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_compasses.svg/85px-Square_compasses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_compasses.svg/128px-Square_compasses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_compasses.svg/170px-Square_compasses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="852" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Square_and_Compasses" title="Square and Compasses">Square and<br />Compasses</a><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freemasons%27_Hall,_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG/85px-Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="85" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG/128px-Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG/170px-Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="1790" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_London" title="Freemasons' Hall, London">Freemasons' Hall</a>,<br />London,<br />headquarters (1775/1933-)<br />of the<br /><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand<br />Lodge of England</a> (1722-)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-American_Freemasonry" title="Anglo-American Freemasonry">Anglo-American<br />Freemasonry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Isles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand Lodge of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Scotland" title="Grand Lodge of Scotland">Grand Lodge of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Ireland" title="Grand Lodge of Ireland">Grand Lodge of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swedish Rite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Swedish Order of Freemasons">Swedish Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Danish Order of Freemasons">Danish Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Icelandic Order of Freemasons">Icelandic Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Norwegian Order of Freemasons">Norwegian Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Spain">Grand Lodge of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Landlodge_of_the_Freemasons_of_Germany" title="Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany">Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia#Armenia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Cyprus" title="Grand Lodge of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Grand Lodge of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Finland" title="Freemasonry in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Loge_Nationale_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Grande Loge Nationale Française">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_India" title="Grand Lodge of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodges_of_Germany" title="United Grand Lodges of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Italy">Regular Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Italy" title="Grand Orient of Italy">Grand Orient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Macedonia" title="Grand Lodge of Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Grand_Lodge_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Grand Lodge of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_the_Netherlands" title="Grand Orient of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_the_Philippines" title="Grand Lodge of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Grand_Lodge_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grand Lodge in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Russia" title="Grand Lodge of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_Alpina_of_Switzerland" title="Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australia_and_New_Zealand" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia and New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_New_South_Wales_and_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory">United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_Zealand" title="Grand Lodge of New Zealand">Grand Lodge of New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Masonic_Grand_Lodges_in_North_America" title="History of Masonic Grand Lodges in North America">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Alabama" title="Grand Lodge of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_California" title="Grand Lodge of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Connecticut" title="Grand Lodge of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Idaho" title="Grand Lodge of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_Of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge Of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Indiana" title="Grand Lodge of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Kansas" title="Grand Lodge of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Kentucky" title="Grand Lodge of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Massachusetts" title="Grand Lodge of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Michigan" title="Grand Lodge of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Minnesota" title="Grand Lodge of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Missouri" title="Grand Lodge of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Nebraska" title="Grand Lodge of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_Jersey" title="Grand Lodge of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_Mexico" title="Grand Lodge of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_York" title="Grand Lodge of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_North_Dakota" title="Grand Lodge of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Ohio" title="Grand Lodge of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Pennsylvania" title="Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Tennessee" title="Grand Lodge of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Texas" title="Grand Lodge of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Virginia" title="Grand Lodge of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_West_Virginia" title="Grand Lodge of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Wisconsin" title="Grand Lodge of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_fraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American fraternities">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Manitoba" title="Grand Lodge of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Grand Lodge of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Canada_in_the_Province_of_Ontario" title="Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario">Ontario</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Oriente_do_Brasil" title="Grande Oriente do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Chile" title="Grand Lodge of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Costa_Rica" title="Grand Lodge of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Grand Lodge of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Mexico" title="Freemasonry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry" title="Continental Freemasonry">Continental<br />Freemasonry</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Co-Freemasonry" title="Co-Freemasonry">Co-Freemasonry</a>,<br />including <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_Liaison_et_d%27Information_des_Puissances_ma%C3%A7onniques_Signataires_de_l%27Appel_de_Strasbourg" title="Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg">CLIPSAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Droit_Humain" title="Le Droit Humain">Le Droit Humain</a> <small>(several countries)</small></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Belgium" title="Grand Orient of Belgium">Grand Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Grand_Lodge_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Female Grand Lodge of Belgium">Female Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Belgium">Grand Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Denmark_of_Ancient_Free_%26_Accepted_Masons" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Denmark of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons">Denmark </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_Grand_Lodge_of_Spain" title="Symbolic Grand Lodge of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Orient of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_de_France" title="Grand Orient de France">Grand Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Grand_Lodge_of_France" title="Mixed Grand Lodge of France">Mixed Grand Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Grand_Orient_of_Greece" title="Serene Grand Orient of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Oriente_Ib%C3%A9rico" title="Grande Oriente Ibérico">Ibérico</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Oriente d'Italia">Grand Orient of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Loggia_d%27Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Loggia d'Italia">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Grand_Lodge_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Female Grand Lodge of Italy">Female Grand Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Poland" title="Grand Orient of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Portugal" title="Grand Orient of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Romania" title="Freemasonry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Grand_Lodge_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Grand Lodge of Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th id="Americas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Co-Masonry" title="Universal Co-Masonry">Universal Co-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Venezuela" title="Freemasonry in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry_in_North_America" title="Continental Freemasonry in North America">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Orient of Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternal_auxiliaries_and_side_degrees" title="List of fraternal auxiliaries and side degrees">Appendant Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Denominational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Masonic_Degrees" title="Allied Masonic Degrees">Allied Masonic Degrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_College_of_Rites" title="Grand College of Rites">Grand College of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Royal_Arch" title="Holy Royal Arch">Holy Royal Arch (Anglo-European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Masonry" title="Royal Arch Masonry">Royal Arch Masonry (American)</a></li> <li>Order of Athelstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Knight_Masons" title="Order of Knight Masons">Order of Knight Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mark_Master_Masons" title="Order of Mark Master Masons">Order of Mark Master Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Secret_Monitor" title="Order of the Secret Monitor">Order of the Scarlet Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Secret_Monitor" title="Order of the Secret Monitor">Order of the Secret Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Royal_and_Select_Masters" title="Order of Royal and Select Masters">Order of Royal and Select Masters (Anglo-European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptic_Masonry" title="Cryptic Masonry">Cryptic Masonry (American)</a></li> <li>Royal Ark Mariners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">Shriners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian Only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Holy Royal Arch Knight Templar Priests</li> <li>Knights of the York Cross of Honour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)">Knights Templar</a></li> <li>Masonic Order of the Bath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Thomas_of_Acon" title="Order of Saint Thomas of Acon">Order of Saint Thomas of Acon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cross_of_Constantine" title="Red Cross of Constantine">Red Cross of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectified_Scottish_Rite" title="Rectified Scottish Rite">Reformed and Rectified Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Scotland" title="Royal Order of Scotland">Royal Order of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana_in_Anglia" title="Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia">S.R.I.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Eri" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of Eri">Royal Order of Eri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana" title="Societas Rosicruciana">Societas Rosicruciana</a></li> <li>Sovereign Order of Knights Preceptor</li> <li>York Rite Sovereign College</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Ancient and Accepted<br />Scottish Rite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>USA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council,_Scottish_Rite,_Northern_Jurisdiction,_USA" title="Supreme Council, Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction, USA">Northern Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council,_Scottish_Rite_(Southern_Jurisdiction,_USA)" title="Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA)">Southern Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Louisiana" title="Supreme Council of Louisiana">Supreme Council of Louisiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons_(A%E2%80%93D)" title="List of Freemasons (A–D)">A–D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons_(E%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of Freemasons (E–Z)">E–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_who_were_Freemasons" title="List of monarchs who were Freemasons">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_were_Freemasons" title="List of presidents of the United States who were Freemasons">US presidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_and_women" title="Freemasonry and women">Freemasonry and women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_buildings" title="List of Masonic buildings">Masonic Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_libraries" title="List of Masonic libraries">Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Masonry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Affair">Morgan Affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasonry" title="Category:Freemasonry">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_politics" title="Template talk:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Religion in politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_and_Freemasonry" title="Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry">Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine rule">Divine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Spirituality" class="mw-redirect" title="Engaged Spirituality">Engaged Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_secularism" title="Organized secularism">Organized secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">Political religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious anarchism">Religious anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry#Religious_anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Religious anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anti-Zionism" title="Religious anti-Zionism">Religious anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_communism" title="Religious communism">Religious communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Religious_attitudes" title="Pacifism">Religious pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">Religion and peacebuilding</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_rejection_of_politics" title="Religious rejection of politics">Religious rejection of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Religious segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism#Religious" title="Separatism">Religious separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">Secularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_left" title="Spiritual left">Spiritual left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Christianity_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Catholics" title="Anti-communism">Christian anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Freemasonry_within_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity">Christian anti-Masonry</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Christian" title="Anti-Zionism">Christian anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Christianity" title="Corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Christian egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christian environmentalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_environmentalism" title="Evangelical environmentalism">Evangelical environmentalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian fascism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians (movement)</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reich_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reich Church">Protestant Reich Church</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon feminism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian law">Christian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Peacemaking#Christianity" title="Peacemaking">Christian peacemaking</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Christian_Socialism_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Socialism in Utah">In Utah</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Theology">Dominion Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_politics" title="Maronite politics">Maronite politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicianism" title="Phoenicianism">Phoenicianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal state">Papal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">Pillarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations between the Catholic Church and the state</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Church%E2%80%93state_relations_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Church–state relations in Argentina">In Argentina</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_sovereignty" title="Sphere sovereignty">Sphere sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">Temporal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Neo-ultramontanism" title="Neo-ultramontanism">Neo-ultramontanism</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islam_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Islam and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hui_pan-nationalism" title="Hui pan-nationalism">Hui pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic anarchism">Islamic anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Freemasonry#Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of Freemasonry">Islamic anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Muslim" title="Anti-Zionism">Islamic anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic fascism">Islamic fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Application_of_Islamic_law_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Application of Islamic law by country">by country</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">In Pakistan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">In South Asia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Islam" title="Pacifism in Islam">Islamic pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Islamic Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat">Khilafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_quietism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political quietism">Political quietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Judaism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Judaism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Jewish_anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Jewish anti-Zionism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Haredim_and_Zionism" title="Haredim and Zionism">Haredim</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish democracy</a></li> <li>Jewish fascism 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