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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sarrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odolaren_eginkizunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odolaren_eginkizunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Odolaren eginkizunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odolaren_eginkizunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odolaren_osaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odolaren_osaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Odolaren osaketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odolaren_osaketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Odolaren osaketa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odolaren_osaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Odol_plasma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odol_plasma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Odol plasma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odol_plasma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Globulu_gorriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Globulu_gorriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Globulu gorriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Globulu_gorriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Globulu_zuriak_edo_leukozitoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Globulu_zuriak_edo_leukozitoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Globulu zuriak edo leukozitoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Globulu_zuriak_edo_leukozitoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Granulozitoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Granulozitoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Granulozitoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Granulozitoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agranulozitoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agranulozitoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Agranulozitoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agranulozitoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plaketak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plaketak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Plaketak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plaketak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odol_taldeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odol_taldeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Odol taldeak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odol_taldeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hematokritoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hematokritoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hematokritoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hematokritoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisiologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisiologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fisiologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fisiologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Fisiologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fisiologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zirkulazio_aparatua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zirkulazio_aparatua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Zirkulazio aparatua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zirkulazio_aparatua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zelulen_ekoizpena_eta_degradazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zelulen_ekoizpena_eta_degradazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Zelulen ekoizpena eta degradazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zelulen_ekoizpena_eta_degradazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxigeno_garraioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxigeno_garraioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Oxigeno garraioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxigeno_garraioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karbono_dioxidoaren_garraioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karbono_dioxidoaren_garraioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Karbono dioxidoaren garraioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karbono_dioxidoaren_garraioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrogeno_ioien_garraioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrogeno_ioien_garraioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Hidrogeno ioien garraioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrogeno_ioien_garraioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_linfatikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_linfatikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Sistema linfatikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_linfatikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termoerregulazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termoerregulazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Termoerregulazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termoerregulazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emari-tasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emari-tasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Emari-tasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emari-tasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funtzio_hidraulikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funtzio_hidraulikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Funtzio hidraulikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funtzio_hidraulikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ornogabeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornogabeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Ornogabeak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornogabeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lotutako_gaixotasunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lotutako_gaixotasunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lotutako gaixotasunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lotutako_gaixotasunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Odol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 195 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-195" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">195 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bloed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blut" title="Blut – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Blut" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%9D" title="ደም – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ደም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remes" title="Remes – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Remes" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre" title="Sangre – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sangre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C5%8Dd" title="Blōd – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Blōd" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eje" title="Eje – oboloera" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Eje" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="oboloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85" title="دم – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܕܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85" title="دم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="তেজ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তেজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre" title="Sangre – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sangre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miko" title="Miko – atikamekwera" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Miko" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekwera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8" title="Би – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Би" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qan" title="Qan – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡан – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getih" title="Getih – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Getih" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluad" title="Bluad – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bluad" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraus" title="Kraus – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kraus" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugo" title="Dugo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dugo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Кроў – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кроў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Кроў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кроў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2" title="Кръв – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кръв" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="खून – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खून" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="রক্ত – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রক্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%82" title="ཁྲག – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁྲག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwad" title="Gwad – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krv" title="Krv – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krv" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шуһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шуһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang" title="Sang – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre" title="Sangre – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Sangre" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ik" title="Háik – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="ЦӀий – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЦӀий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugo" title="Dugo – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dugo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%A6" title="ᎩᎦ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎩᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86" title="خوێن – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krev" title="Krev – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Кръвь – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кръвь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD" title="Юн – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Юн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwaed" title="Gwaed – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwaed" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blod" title="Blod – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%B7im" title="Ʒim – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ʒim" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blut" title="Blut – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goni" title="Goni – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Goni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%AD" title="ލޭ – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Αίμα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αίμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood" title="Blood – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Blood" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sango" title="Sango – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre" title="Sangre – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sangre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veri" title="Veri – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Veri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangri" title="Sangri – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sangri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86" title="خون – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veri" title="Veri – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Veri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veri" title="Veri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Veri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dra" title="Dra – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Dra" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Blóð – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Blóð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang" title="Sang – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blud" title="Blud – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Blud" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanc" title="Sanc – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sanc" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bloed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuil" title="Fuil – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disan" title="Disan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Disan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuil" title="Fuil – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fuil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangue" title="Sangue – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sangue" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuguy" title="Tuguy – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tuguy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4" title="रगत – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रगत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80" title="લોહી – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લોહી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jini" title="Jini – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jini" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiet" title="Hiet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9D" title="דם – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रक्त – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रक्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuun" title="Khuun – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Khuun" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krv" title="Krv – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krv" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_(non)" title="San (non) – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="San (non)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9r" title="Vér – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արյուն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արյուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguine" title="Sanguine – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sanguine" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah" title="Darah – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Darah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah" title="Darah – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Darah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangue" title="Sangue – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sangue" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara" title="Dara – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dara" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="ЦӀий – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЦӀий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sango" title="Sango – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sango" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Blóð – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangue" title="Sangue – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sangue" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%90%85%E1%92%83" title="ᐊᐅᒃ – inuitera" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᐅᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuitera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="血液" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getih" title="Getih – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Getih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სისხლი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სისხლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idammen" title="Idammen – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idammen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C9%A9m" title="Calɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Calɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rah" title="Rah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қан – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aak" title="Aak – groenlandiera" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Aak" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="groenlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98" title="ឈាម – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឈាម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4" title="ರಕ್ತ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಕ್ತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%88%EC%95%A1" title="혈액 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="혈액" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86" title="خوٗن – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="خوٗن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xwîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kus mw-list-item"><a href="https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziim" title="Ziim – Kusaal" lang="kus" hreflang="kus" data-title="Ziim" data-language-autonym="Kʋsaal" data-language-local-name="Kusaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kʋsaal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goos" title="Goos – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Goos" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кан – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguis" title="Sanguis – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sanguis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blutt" title="Blutt – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Blutt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C" title="Оь – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Оь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Иви – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Иви" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood" title="Blood – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Blood" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangu" title="Sangu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sangu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makil%C3%A1" title="Makilá – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Makilá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraujas" title="Kraujas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kraujas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asinis" title="Asinis – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Asinis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Версь – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Версь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra" title="Ra – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B1%D1%80" title="Вӱр – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вӱр" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Крв – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крв" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="രക്തം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രക്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%81" title="Цус – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रक्त – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रक्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah" title="Darah – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Darah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demm" title="Demm – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Demm" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="သွေး – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood" title="Blood – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blood" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4" title="रगत – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रगत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF" title="हि – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bloed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blod" title="Blod – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Blod" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blod" title="Blod – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blod" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sang" title="Sang – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sang" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhiiga" title="Dhiiga – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhiiga" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4" title="ରକ୍ତ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରକ୍ତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82" title="ਲਹੂ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਹੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daya" title="Daya – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Daya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanger" title="Sanger – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sanger" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krew" title="Krew – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D9%88" title="لہو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="وينه – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangue" title="Sangue – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sangue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawar" title="Yawar – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yawar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2nge" title="Sânge – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sânge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ndzi" title="Sândzi – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Sândzi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Кровь – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кровь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Кровь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кровь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रक्तम् – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रक्तम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хаан – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangu" title="Sangu – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sangu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluid" title="Bluid – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bluid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رت – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varra" title="Varra – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Varra" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krv" title="Krv – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krv" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idammn" title="Idammn – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Idammn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A" title="ලේ – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood" title="Blood – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Blood" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krv" title="Krv – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krv" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri" title="Kri – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhiig" title="Dhiig – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhiig" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjaku" title="Gjaku – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjaku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Крв – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крв" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getih" title="Getih – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Getih" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blod" title="Blod – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damu" title="Damu – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Damu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/izang" title="izang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="izang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="குருதி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குருதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೆತ್ತೆರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನೆತ್ತೆರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="రక్తం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రక్తం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хун – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="เลือด – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลือด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugo" title="Dugo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dugo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan" title="Kan – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кан – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogya" title="Mogya – twia" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mogya" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قان – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Кров – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кров" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86" title="خون – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qon" title="Qon – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangue" title="Sangue – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sangue" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veri" title="Veri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Veri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1u" title="Máu – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bloed" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blud" title="Blud – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Blud" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugo" title="Dugo – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dugo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereet" title="Dereet – wolofera" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Dereet" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80" title="血 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="血" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igazi" title="Igazi – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Igazi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ზისხირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზისხირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98" title="בלוט – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בלוט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80j%E1%BA%B9%CC%80" title="Ẹ̀jẹ̀ – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀jẹ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwed" title="Lwed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lwed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="血液" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoeh" title="Hoeh – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoeh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80" title="血 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="血" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igazi" title="Igazi – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Igazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7873#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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white"><i>Odol</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Blood_Test_(15575812743).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blood_Test_%2815575812743%29.jpg/285px-Blood_Test_%2815575812743%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blood_Test_%2815575812743%29.jpg/428px-Blood_Test_%2815575812743%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blood_Test_%2815575812743%29.jpg/570px-Blood_Test_%2815575812743%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5015" data-file-height="3344" /></a></span><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blood" title="c:Category:Blood"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blood" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Blood">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:dimgray; color: white">Xehetasunak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.25em">Honen parte</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zirkulazio-aparatu" title="Zirkulazio-aparatu">Zirkulazio-aparatua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.25em">Konponenteak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odol-plasma" title="Odol-plasma">odol-plasma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">Globulu gorria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">Leukozitoa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Plaketa" title="Plaketa">Plaketa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:dimgray; color: white">Identifikadoreak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinez</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>sanguis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2011/MB_cgi?mode=&term=A12.207.152">eta A15.145 A12.207.152 eta A15.145</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminologia_Anatomica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminologia Anatomica (sortu gabe)">TA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">A12.0.00.009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy (sortu gabe)">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fme.biostr.washington.edu/FME/index.jsp?fmaid=9670">9670</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminologia_anatomikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminologia anatomikoa (sortu gabe)">Terminologia anatomikoa</a></i></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Odola</b> <a href="/wiki/Zirkulazio-aparatu" title="Zirkulazio-aparatu">aparatu kardiobaskularrean</a> zehar zirkulatzen den <a href="/wiki/Ehun_(biologia)" title="Ehun (biologia)">ehun</a> likatsua da. Bi osagai nagusi ditu: <a href="/wiki/Odol-plasma" title="Odol-plasma">odol-plasma</a> alde batetik eta elementu formeak bestetik: <a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">leukozitoak</a> (globulu zuriak), <a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">eritrozitoak</a> (globulu gorriak) eta <a href="/wiki/Plaketa" title="Plaketa">plaketak</a>. Zeregin asko ditu: <a href="/wiki/Janari" class="mw-redirect" title="Janari">elikagaiak</a> ehunetara eramatea, gasak (<a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoa</a>) garraiatzea —<a href="/wiki/Hemoglobina" title="Hemoglobina">hemoglobina</a> bezalako <a href="/wiki/Arnasketa" title="Arnasketa">arnasketa</a> pigmentuen bidez—, hondakinak eta <a href="/wiki/Hormona" title="Hormona">hormonak</a> garraiatzea, defentsarako behar diren <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelulak</a> eta substantziak (<a href="/wiki/Antigorputz" title="Antigorputz">antigorputzak</a>...) behar diren tokietara eramatea, gorputzaren tenperaturari aldagabe eustea eta barne <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> zein oreka osmotikoari egonkor eustea. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gizaki" title="Gizaki">Giza gorputzean</a>, plasmak eta jalkinek odol-bolumenaren %55 eta %45 hartzen dute, hurrenez hurren. Bi atalek batera, hau da odolak berak, giza gorputzaren pisu totalaren %7<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta %8<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> artean hartzen dute. Gizaki heldu batek 5 <a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litro</a> odol ditu gorputzean<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Hematologia" title="Hematologia">Hematologia</a> da odolarekin loturiko <a href="/wiki/Eritasun" title="Eritasun">eritasunez</a> arduratzen den espezialitate medikoa. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aitzineuskara" title="Aitzineuskara">Aitzineuskara</a> zaharrez: <i>*dol</i> ⇒ <i>*do-dol</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseba_Lakarra" title="Joseba Lakarra">Joseba Lakarraren</a> ikerketen arabera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sarrera">Sarrera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sarrera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sarrera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Odolaren_eskema.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Odolaren_eskema.jpg/220px-Odolaren_eskema.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Odolaren_eskema.jpg/330px-Odolaren_eskema.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Odolaren_eskema.jpg/440px-Odolaren_eskema.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Odolaren osaera. Pertsona heldu baten odoleko osagaien balioak gutxi gorabehera</figcaption></figure> <p>Odola adigaiak lotura estua du garraio adigaiarekin. <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">Zelulak</a> gaiak trukatzen ditu ingurunearekin bere <a href="/wiki/Zelula_mintz" title="Zelula mintz">mintz plasmatikotik</a> zehar, eta horri esker bizi da. Organismo bakun batzuetan, <a href="/wiki/Belaki" title="Belaki">belakietan</a> adibidez, kanpo inguruneak —bizi diren ura— animaliaren barrutik zirkulatzen du, hura elikagaiez hornituz eta zelulak sortzen dituen hondakinak eramanez; batzuetan ordea gas disolbatuak eta elikagaiak gorputzeko hormetan zehar xurgatzen dira zuzenean. Belakiek, <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">knidarioek</a> eta har zapalek oso erraz egiten dute trukea. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ornogabe" title="Ornogabe">Ornogabe</a> askotan eta <a href="/wiki/Ornodun" title="Ornodun">ornodunetan</a>, ordea, gorputzeko zelulak kanpoaldetik urrun daude, zailago da, beraz, truke hori —bizitzeko ezinbestekoa— egitea, eta barne garraiobide baten beharra dute kanpotik hartutako <a href="/wiki/Janari" class="mw-redirect" title="Janari">elikagaiak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a> zelula guztietara banatzeko eta zelulek sortzen dituzten hondakinak kanporatzeko. <a href="/wiki/Zirkulazio-aparatu" title="Zirkulazio-aparatu">Zirkulazio sistema</a> baten beharra dute, beraz. Organo bultzatzaile gihartsu batez (<a href="/wiki/Bihotz" title="Bihotz">bihotza</a>), hainbat diametrotako <a href="/wiki/Odol-hodi" title="Odol-hodi">hodiez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arteria" title="Arteria">arteriak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zain" title="Zain">zainak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hodi_kapilar" title="Hodi kapilar">kapilarrak</a>) eta hodietan zehar dabilen isurkariaz —odola— osatua dago sistema hori. Odola gorputz osoan zehar ibilarazteko adinako presioa eragiteko ahalmena izan beharko du, beraz, bihotzak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odolaren_eginkizunak">Odolaren eginkizunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Odolaren eginkizunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Odolaren eginkizunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ornogabe eta ornodun askotan odolak du gorputzeko zeluletara elikagaiak eta oxigenoa eramateko ardura. <a href="/wiki/Hormona" title="Hormona">Hormonak</a> ere odolak eramaten ditu. Esan daiteke, merkataritza adibide bat hartuz, banaketa sare bat eratzen duela eta bere bezeroetako bakoitzari (zelulei) bizitzeko behar dituen elementuak —bai gorputzean bertan sortuak (hormonak), bai zenbait organotan (<a href="/wiki/Birika" title="Birika">birikak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heste" title="Heste">hesteak</a>) lortuak (elikagaiak, oxigenoa)— helarazteaz arduratzen dela. Odola, gainera, zabor biltzaile ere bada, eta zelulek sortzen dituzten hondakinak eramaten ditu, pozoitsuak gerta baitaitezke bestela. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Infekzio" title="Infekzio">Infekzioei</a> aurre egiteko zeregina ere odola osatzen duten zeluletako batzuek betetzen dute. Zelula horiek orobat arduratzen dira garbiketa lanaz, gorputz arrotzak-eta desegiteko duten ahalmenari esker (<a href="/wiki/Fagozitosi" title="Fagozitosi">fagozitosia</a>). Odolaren osaera lagungarri gertatzen da barneko <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pHari</a> egonkortasuna emateko; eta baita <a href="/wiki/Hegazti" title="Hegazti">hegaztien</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ugaztun" title="Ugaztun">ugaztunen</a> —odol beroko animalien— gorputzeko tenperatura orekatzeko ere: hau da, jarduera metaboliko handiko gorputz ataletan —hezurdurako giharretan, adibidez— sorturiko bero gehiegia azalera garraiatzen. Orobat da lagungarri zelulek bizitzeko eta beren jarduera behar bezala betetzeko moduko barne ingurunea izan dezaten. Odol kopurua, noski, ez da berdina animalia mota guztietan. Gizakiak —70 kgko heldu batek, esate baterako— 5-6 bat litro izaten ditu, baina kopuru hori gorputzaren tamainaren eta beste faktore batzuen arabera aldatzen da. Oro har, gorputzaren pisuaren %8 izaten da odol kopurua. Odol bolumen osoari bolemia esaten zaio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odolaren_osaketa">Odolaren osaketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Odolaren osaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Odolaren osaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg/220px-Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg/330px-Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg/440px-Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Ezkerretik eskuinera: <a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">eritrozitoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaketa" title="Plaketa">plaketa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">leukozitoa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ehun konplexua da odola. Ornodunetan, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Odol-plasma" title="Odol-plasma">odol-plasma</a> deitzen zaion isurkari batean dilindan edo suspentsioan dauden zelulez —<a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">globulu gorri</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">zuriez</a>— eta hainbat motatako zelula zatiez —<a href="/wiki/Plaketa" title="Plaketa">plaketez</a>— osatua dago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odol_plasma">Odol plasma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Odol plasma»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Odol plasma"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Odol-plasma" title="Odol-plasma">odol-plasma</a>»</div> <p>Izaki heldu batean odol bolumen osoaren %50-60 hartzen du. Bolumenak gorabeherak izaten ditu <a href="/wiki/Izerdi" title="Izerdi">izerdia</a> botatzen denean (gutxitu egiten da) edo likido asko barneratzen denean (handitu egiten da). Hori koloreko disoluzio gazia da, urez osatua gehienbat (%92). </p><p>Plasman ehunaka <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteina</a> (%7) mota daude, zeinek bere zeregina duela. Proteinen kontzentrazioak, bestalde, odolaren eta isurkari betegarriaren arteko ur banaketan eragiten du. Neurri handi batean <a href="/wiki/Albumina" title="Albumina">albuminei</a> dagokie zeregin hori, plasmako proteina gehienak (%60) albuminak baitira. Albuminez gainerako proteinak <a href="/wiki/Globulina" title="Globulina">globulinak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipoproteina" title="Lipoproteina">lipoproteinak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Fibrinogeno" title="Fibrinogeno">fibrinogenoa</a> dira. Fibrinogenoak odolaren <a href="/wiki/Gatzapen" title="Gatzapen">gatzatze</a> prozesuan parte hartzen du, eta plasmatik bereizten bada, geratzen den isurkaria <a href="/wiki/Odol-serum" title="Odol-serum">odol-seruma</a> da. <a href="/wiki/Gammaglobulina" title="Gammaglobulina">Gammaglobulinak</a>, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Antigorputz" title="Antigorputz">antigorputzak</a> dira, eta zenbait eritasunaren aurkako <a href="/wiki/Immunitate" title="Immunitate">immunitatea</a> (eta, beraz, organismoaren babesa) eragiten dute. Alfa eta beta globulina batzuek <a href="/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido">lipidoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bitamina" title="Bitamina">bitamina</a> liposolbagarriak garraiatzen dituzte. </p><p>Plasmako proteinek, bestalde, odolaren <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pHak</a> gorabehera handirik izan ez dezan eta 7,4 inguruan mantendu dadin laguntzen dute. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hormona" title="Hormona">Hormonak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido">aminoazidoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azukre" title="Azukre">azukre</a> bakunak (<a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>), bitaminak, <a href="/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi">ioiak</a> eta gas disolbatuak (<a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogenoa</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoa</a>) ere ditu plasmak. Plasmako lipidoen artean, berriz, gantzak, <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipido" title="Fosfolipido">fosfolipidoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a> daude. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Globulu_gorriak">Globulu gorriak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Globulu gorriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Globulu gorriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">Globulu gorri</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">Globulu gorriak</a>, eritrozitoak edo hematieak ere deituak, oxigenoa organismoko zeluletara garraiatzeaz arduratzen dira. Gizakietan 4,7 eta 6,1 milioi zelula artean daude gizonezkoetan eta 4,2tik 5,4ra artean emakumeengan<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Zelula txiki-txikiak dira (7-8 mikrako diametroa eta 1-2 mikrako lodiera), biribilak, ahurrak alde bietan (lodiagoak dira ertzean erdialdean baino), eta ugaztunenek ez dute <a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">nukleorik</a> (bai ordea beste ornodunenek). Zelula elastikoak dira: tolestu edo bihurritu egiten dira odol hodi estuetatik igaro ahal izateko. Gizaki batean 30 bilioi inguru daude, hau da, bost milioi globulu gorri mikrolitro bakoitzeko. Emakumezkoek gizonezkoek baino gutxiago dituzte. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hezur" title="Hezur">Hezur</a> jakin batzuen <a href="/wiki/Hezur-muin" title="Hezur-muin">muinean</a> eratzen dira (saihetsak, <a href="/wiki/Orno" title="Orno">ornoak</a>, hezur luzeak, <a href="/wiki/Burezur" title="Burezur">burezurra</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bularrezur" title="Bularrezur">bularrezurra</a>), eta 120 eguneko bizia izaten dute batez beste. <a href="/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel">Gibelean</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bare_(organoa)" title="Bare (organoa)">barean</a> <a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">globulu zuriek</a> odoleko eritrozito zaharrak suntsitzen dituzte. Gorputzak berriro erabiltzen ditu globulu gorriak suntsitzean eratzen diren gaiak, eta berriro erabili ezin daitezkeenak — <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobina" title="Hemoglobina">hemoglobinaren</a> hemo taldeak— <a href="/wiki/Behazun" title="Behazun">behazuna</a> egiteko erabiltzen dira. Segundo bakoitzean gure gorputzak 2,4 milioi globulu gorri suntsitzen dituela uste da. </p><p>Kolore gorrikoak dira, eta hemoglobinagatik da hala, proteina burdinduna baita hemoglobina. Zitoplasman aurkitzen da, arnasketa pigmentuaren eginkizuna du, eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoarekiko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoarekiko</a> atxikimendua. Kanpo inguruneko oxigenoa odolera igarotzen denean burdinarekin elkartzen da eta oxihemoglobina eratzen du. </p><p>Kolore gorri distiratsuko odola da oxigeno asko duena (odol gorria). Oxigenoa galtzen duenean, ilunago jartzen da (odol urdina). Zelulek arnasketa aerobioan hondakin gisa sortzen duten dioxido karbonoaren zati bat ere eramaten du hemoglobinak, karboxihemoglobina itxuran. Beste zati bat <a href="/wiki/Odol-plasma" title="Odol-plasma">plasmako</a> urarekin nahasten da eta bikarbonatoa eratuz: CO2 + H20 → C03H- + H+. </p><p>Batzuetan, hemoglobina produkzioan akatsen bat izan delako, edo odola galdu delako, edo eritrozito gehiegi suntsitu direlako, behar baino oxigeno gutxiago garraiatzen da organismoan zehar. Oxigeno urritasun horren ondorioari <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a> —ahultasuna eta nekea— esaten zaio. Oso leku garaietan bizi diren pertsonek —<a href="/wiki/Andeak" title="Andeak">Andeetako</a> indiarrek, adibidez— leku beheretan bizi direnek baino hemoglobina gehiago dute (globulu gorri gehiago, beraz), eta horri esker eraman dezakete onez airean oxigeno gutxiago izatea. Leku garaietara ohituta ez daudenek oxigenoa asimilatzeko arazoak izatean datza hain zuzen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendiko_gaitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendiko gaitz (sortu gabe)">mendiko gaitza</a> (sorochea). </p><p>Animalia askok dute hemoglobina (<a href="/wiki/Ornodun" title="Ornodun">ornodunek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molusku" title="Molusku">moluskuek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekinodermatu" title="Ekinodermatu">ekinodermoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krustazeo" title="Krustazeo">oskoldunek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">anelidoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">nematodoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platelminto" title="Platelminto">platelmintoek</a>), eta orobat dituzte gasak garraiatzen dituzten beste arnasketa pigmentu batzuk ere. <a href="/wiki/Hemozianina" title="Hemozianina">Hemozianina</a>, esate baterako, koloregabea da, baina urdin jartzen da oxigenoarekin nahastean; batez ere artropodoetan eta moluskuetan aurkitzen da, eta <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrea</a> du bere molekulan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klorokruorina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klorokruorina (sortu gabe)">Klorokruorina</a>, berriz, berdexka da, hemoglobinaren antzeko osagaiak ditu —burdina du molekulan—, eta lau <a href="/wiki/Poliketo" title="Poliketo">poliketo</a> (itsas <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">anelidoen</a> klasea) familiatan aurkitzen da: sabellidae, serpullidae, chlorhaemidae eta ampharetidae familietan, alegia. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemeritrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemeritrina (sortu gabe)">Hemeritrina</a> koloregabea da eta gorri jartzen da oxigenoarekin erreakzionatzen duenean; <i>magelona</i> generoko poliketoetan, <a href="/wiki/Sipuncula" title="Sipuncula">sipunkulidoetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">priapulidoetan</a> (<i>halicryptus</i>, <i>priapulus</i>) eta zenbait <a href="/wiki/Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda">brakiopodotan</a> (<i>lingula</i>) azaltzen da. Honek ere burdina du bere molekulan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Globulu_zuriak_edo_leukozitoak">Globulu zuriak edo leukozitoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Globulu zuriak edo leukozitoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Globulu zuriak edo leukozitoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">Leukozito</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:SEM_blood_cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SEM_blood_cells.jpg/230px-SEM_blood_cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SEM_blood_cells.jpg/345px-SEM_blood_cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SEM_blood_cells.jpg/460px-SEM_blood_cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2239" /></a><figcaption>Giza odolaren mikroskopio elektroniko bidezko irudia: leukozitoak itxura irregularrekoak dira.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Leukozito" title="Leukozito">Globulu zuriei</a> odoleko soldadu-edo esan liezaieke, organismoa <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterioetatik</a> eta beste gorputz arrotz batzuetatik (<a href="/wiki/Birus" title="Birus">birusetatik</a>, esate baterako) babesteko zelula espezializatuak diren neurrian. Orobat garbiketa lanaz arduratzen dira, zelula hondakinak edo zelula hilak kanporatuz. </p><p>Eritrozitoak baino handiagoak dira eta 5.000-10.000 izaten dira mikrolitro bakoitzeko. Organismoaren jardueraren edo osasun egoeraren araberakoa izaten da leukozito kopurua. Odoleko leukozito kopurua jakitea garrantzi handikoa da: kopurua asko handitzeak, esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/Infekzio" title="Infekzio">infekzio</a> bat dagoela adierazten du. Leukozito mota desberdinak daude, eta haien arteko proportzioa ere osasun edo eritasun seinale izan daiteke. </p><p>Leukozitoak ehun hematopoietikoetan (<a href="/wiki/Hezur-muin" title="Hezur-muin">hezur-muin</a> gorrian, helduetan) eratzen dira. Zelula ameboideak dira, eta mugitzeko gaitasuna dute. Odolaren norabidearen aurka ere ibil daitezke, are <a href="/wiki/Odol-hodi" title="Odol-hodi">odol-hodiak</a> zeharkatu eta <a href="/wiki/Ehun_(biologia)" title="Ehun (biologia)">ehunen</a> artean ibili ere. Are gehiago, eritrozitoak odolean jarduten duten bezala, leukozito gehienak odoletik atera eta ehunen artean ibiltzean hasten dute beren jarduna. </p><p>Gizakiaren odolaren leukozitoak bi taldetan bereizten dira, <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">zitoplasman</a> duten pikor kopuruaren arabera: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Granulozitoak">Granulozitoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Granulozitoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Granulozitoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Granulozito" title="Granulozito">Granulozitoek</a> pikorrak dituzte<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Euren artean hiru mota bereizten dira: <a href="/wiki/Basofilo" title="Basofilo">basofiloak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutrofilo" title="Neutrofilo">neutrofiloak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Eosinofilo" title="Eosinofilo">eosinofilo</a> edo azidofiloak. </p> <ol><li>Basofiloen pikorrak koloregai basikoez tindatzean urdindu egiten dira. Erreakzio alergikoetan parte hartzen dute eta <a href="/wiki/Histamina" title="Histamina">histamina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Heparina" title="Heparina">heparina</a> asko izaten dute. Heparinak, antikoagulantea izanik, zeregina du odolaren gatzatzean ere.</li> <li>Neutrofiloak, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Fagozito" title="Fagozito">fagozito</a> nagusiak dira, eta haiek arduratzen dira babeste eta garbitze lanez, bakteriak eta zelula hondakinak bilatu, bildu eta txegosiz. Leukozitoen artean ugarienak dira (leukozitoen %60) eta duten nukleoaren gingil forma berezia dela eta, polimorfonokukleodunak ere esaten zaie.</li> <li>Eosinofiloek bikor handiak dituzte eta koloregai azidoez (eosina) tindatzen dira. Leukozitoen %1-3 dira baina asko ugaltzen dira erreakzio alergikoetan. Ez dira neutrofiloak bezain mugikorrak, ez eta horren fagozitikoak.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agranulozitoak">Agranulozitoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Agranulozitoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Agranulozitoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agranoluzito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agranoluzito (sortu gabe)">Agranoluzitoek</a> ez dute pikorrik (baina izan ditzakete). Bi mota daude: <a href="/wiki/Linfozito" title="Linfozito">linfozitoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Monozito" title="Monozito">monozitoak</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ol><li>Linfozitoak dira, neutrofiloen ondoren, leukozito ugarienak (%20-30). Bi motatakoak izan daitezke: <a href="/wiki/B_linfozito" title="B linfozito">B linfozitoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/T_linfozito" title="T linfozito">T linfozitoak</a>, eta erantzun inmunologikoan duten zereginaren arabera bereizten dira. B linfozitoek <a href="/wiki/Antigorputz" title="Antigorputz">antigorputzak</a> sortzen dituzte eta besteek (T zitotoxikoak), berriz, bakteriei eta birusei erasotzen diete.</li> <li>Monozitoak, aldiz, dauden odol zelula handienak dira (20 mikrako diametroa ere izan dezakete) eta leukozito guztien %3-8 osatzen dute. Hezur-muinean sortzen dira, eta odolean egonaldi bat egin ondoren, ehunetan garatzen dira, eta <a href="/wiki/Makrofago" title="Makrofago">makrofago</a> bihurtzen, bakteriak txegosteko eta ehunak garbitzeko.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plaketak">Plaketak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Plaketak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Plaketak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Plaketa" title="Plaketa">plaketa</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ugaztun" title="Ugaztun">Ugaztunetan</a> ez ia beste <a href="/wiki/Ornodun" title="Ornodun">ornodun</a> guztietan, odolean zelula <a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">nukleodun</a> txiki-txiki batzuk izaten dira (tronbozitoak) <a href="/wiki/Hemostasi" title="Hemostasi">hemostasian</a> parte hartzen dutenak, <a href="/wiki/Odoljario" title="Odoljario">odoljarioa</a> geldiarazten, alegia. Ugaztunetan, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Plaketa" title="Plaketa">plaketek</a> dute betekizun hori (tronbozito ere esaten zaie). Zitoplasma zatiak dira plaketak, ez dute nukleorik eta <a href="/wiki/Hezur-muin" title="Hezur-muin">hezur-muineko</a> zelula handi batzuetatik —<a href="/w/index.php?title=Megakariozito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megakariozito (sortu gabe)">megakariozitoak</a>— askatzen dira. Ez dira, beraz, zelula osoak. Gizakiak 300.000 inguru izaten ditu mikrolitro bakoitzeko. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zauri" title="Zauri">Zauri</a> bat egiten denean, hautsitako odol-hodiak berehala uzkurtzen dira odoljarioa geldiarazteko. Plaketak zuloaren inguruan itsasten dira, eta adabaki moduko bat eratzen dute. Gainera, <a href="/wiki/ADP" class="mw-redirect" title="ADP">ADP</a> askatzen dute, harekin plaketa gehiago erakartzeko. Eta hala, behin-behineko <a href="/wiki/Odolbildu" class="mw-redirect" title="Odolbildu">odolbildua</a> eratzen da. Aldi berean, beste odolbildu bat eratzen da, odolbildu iraunkorra, gai askoren parte hartzearekin. Koagulazioaren faktoreetako batek hondatua dagoen ehuna ukitu ahala hasten da koagulazio erreakzioa. Lehenbizi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protronbina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protronbina (sortu gabe)">protronbina</a> —<a href="/wiki/Tronbina" title="Tronbina">tronbina</a> bihurtzen den proteina plasmatiko bat— aktibatzen da. Aldi berean tronbinak erreakzio bat katalizatzen du, eta <a href="/wiki/Fibrinogeno" title="Fibrinogeno">fibrinogenoa</a> —proteina plasmatiko disolbagarri bat— <a href="/wiki/Fibrina" title="Fibrina">fibrina</a> —proteina disolbaezina— bihurtzen da. Fibrinak harizpi luzeak eratzen ditu eta harizpiak odol hodi hautsian itsasten dira sare baten gisa. Gero plaketa eta globulu gorri gehiago gehitzen zaizkio sareari, odolbildua loditu eta sendotu arte. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hemofilia" title="Hemofilia">Hemofilia</a> eritasuna, adibidez, koagulazio faktoreetako bat ez izateak eragina da. Odola oso geldiro gatzatzea du ezaugarritzat eta herentziaz transmititzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odol_taldeak">Odol taldeak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Odol taldeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Odol taldeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Odol_talde" title="Odol talde">Odol talde</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:ABO_blood_type.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ABO_blood_type.svg/220px-ABO_blood_type.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ABO_blood_type.svg/330px-ABO_blood_type.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ABO_blood_type.svg/440px-ABO_blood_type.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Odol-taldeen eskema.</figcaption></figure> <p>Globulu gorrien azalean diren gai markatzaile batzuen arabera zenbait <a href="/wiki/Odol_talde" title="Odol talde">odol talde</a> bereizten dira. <a href="/wiki/Odol-transfusio" title="Odol-transfusio">Transfusioetan</a> duten garrantzia dela eta, pertsonak ABO sistemaren arabera bereizten dira, lau taldetan —A, B, AB, O—, mota bateko eritrozitoak eta beste bateko <a href="/wiki/Odol-serum" title="Odol-serum">odol-seruma</a> nahastean eratzen den aglutinazioaren arabera. Globulu gorrien azalean diren gai antigenikoak odol-serumaren antigorputz espezifikoekin (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inmunoglobulina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inmunoglobulina (sortu gabe)">inmunoglobulinak</a>) erreakzionaraztean gertatzen da aglutinazioa. Nork bere odol taldea ezagutzea ezinbestekoa da odol transfusioa egiteko. Transfusioa talde bereko pertsonen artean egin behar da nahitaez. Nolanahi ere, AB taldeko pertsona batek A taldeko, B edo 0 taldeko baten odola har dezake (eta hartzaile unibertsala esaten zaio horregatik), eta 0 taldeko batek, berriz, A taldeko, B, AB edo 0 taldeko bati eman diezaioke (eta emaile unibertsala esaten zaio). </p><p>AB0 sistemaz gainera, ordea, badira beste sistema batzuk ere. Horien artean ezagunena <a href="/wiki/Rh_faktorea" title="Rh faktorea">Rh faktorearena</a> da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hematokritoa">Hematokritoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hematokritoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Hematokritoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elementu formeen bolumen proportzioa da <a href="/wiki/Hematokrito" title="Hematokrito">hematokritoa</a>. Odola <a href="/wiki/Antikoagulatzaile" title="Antikoagulatzaile">antikoagulatzaileekin</a> tratatu eta gero zentrifugatzen bada, elementu formeak eta plasma bereizten dira. Egoera normalean, elementu formeek bolumen osoaren %45 osatzen dute eta plasmak %55. </p><p>Odoleko elementu formeen itxura normala eta agertzen diren proportzio normalak ezagutzea garrantzitsua da informazio ugari ematen digulako: </p> <ul><li>Odoleko gaixotasunei buruzkoa</li> <li>Infekzio bakteriano, biral zein parasitikoei buruzkoa</li></ul> <p>Horretarako odol estentsioak edo <a href="/wiki/Odol-frotis" title="Odol-frotis">odol-frotisak</a> erabiltzen dira, <a href="/wiki/Giemsa_tindaketa" title="Giemsa tindaketa">Giemsa</a> edo Panoptiko Bizkorraz tindaturik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisiologia">Fisiologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fisiologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Fisiologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zirkulazio_aparatua">Zirkulazio aparatua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zirkulazio aparatua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Zirkulazio aparatua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/220px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/330px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/440px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Odolaren zirkulazioa giza bihotzean zehar</figcaption></figure> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Zirkulazio-aparatu" title="Zirkulazio-aparatu">Zirkulazio-aparatu</a>»</div> <p>Odolak, gorputzean zehar, <a href="/wiki/Odol-hodi" title="Odol-hodi">odol-hodien</a> bidez zirkulatzen du, <a href="/wiki/Bihotz" title="Bihotz">bihotzaren</a> ponpaketa-ekintzaren bidez. Gizakietan, odola bihotzaren ezkerreko <a href="/wiki/Bentrikulu" title="Bentrikulu">bentrikulu</a> sendotik ehun periferikoetara ponpatzen da <a href="/wiki/Arteria" title="Arteria">arterien</a> bidez, eta, <a href="/wiki/Zain" title="Zain">zainen</a> bidez, bihotzaren eskuineko <a href="/wiki/Atrio_(bihotza)" title="Atrio (bihotza)">aurikulara</a> itzultzen da. Ondoren, eskuineko bentrikuluan sartzen da, eta biriketako arterian zehar ponpatzen da biriketara, eta ezkerreko aurikulara itzultzen da biriketako zainetatik. Ondoren, odola ezkerreko bentrikuluan sartzen da berriro zirkulatzeko. Arteria-odolak arnasten den airetik gorputzeko <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> guztietara eramaten du <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a>, eta zainetako odolak <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoa</a> (zelulen metabolismoaren hondakina) eramaten du biriketara jariatua izan dadin. Hala ere, salbuespen bat biriketako arteriak dira, zeinak gorputzeko odol desoxigenatuena duten eta biriketako zainek odol oxigenatua. </p><p>Itzulpen-fluxu gehigarria sor daiteke hezur-muskuluen mugimenduen bidez, eta horrek zainak konprimitu, eta odola eskuineko aurikularantz bultza dezake zainetako balbulen bidez. </p><p>Odol-zirkulazioa <a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harveyk</a> deskribatu zuen <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628an</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zelulen_ekoizpena_eta_degradazioa">Zelulen ekoizpena eta degradazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zelulen ekoizpena eta degradazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Zelulen ekoizpena eta degradazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ornodunetan, odoleko hainbat zelula sortzen dira <a href="/wiki/Hezur-muin" title="Hezur-muin">hezur-muinean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hematopoiesi" title="Hematopoiesi">hematopoiesia</a> izeneko prozesu batean, zeinak <a href="/wiki/Eritropoiesi" title="Eritropoiesi">eritropoesia</a> (globulu gorriak sortzea) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mielopoiesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mielopoiesi (sortu gabe)">mielopoiesia</a>, (globulu zuriak eta plaketak sortzea) barne hartzen dituen. Haurtzaroan, ia giza hezur guztiek globulu gorriak sortzen dituzte; helduaroan, berriz, globulu gorrien ekoizpena hezur handietara mugatzen da: <a href="/wiki/Orno" title="Orno">ornoen</a> gorputzetara, <a href="/wiki/Bularrezur" title="Bularrezur">bularrezurra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kutxa_toraziko" title="Kutxa toraziko">kutxa torazikoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelbis" title="Pelbis">pelbiseko</a> hezurrak eta besoetako eta hanketako hezurrak. Gainera, haurtzaroan, <a href="/wiki/Mediastino" title="Mediastino">mediastinoan</a> aurkitzen den timo-guruina <a href="/wiki/T_linfozito" title="T linfozito">T linfozitoen</a> iturri garrantzitsua da<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Odolaren osagai <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteikoa</a> (proteinen koagulatzaileak barne), <a href="/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel">gibelak</a> ekoizten du nagusiki; <a href="/wiki/Hormona" title="Hormona">hormonak</a> guruin endokrinoek sortzen dituzte, eta ur-frakzioa <a href="/wiki/Hipotalamo" title="Hipotalamo">hipotalamoak</a> erregulatzen eta <a href="/wiki/Giltzurrun" title="Giltzurrun">giltzurruna</a> mantentzen du. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">Eritrozito</a> osasuntsuek 120 egun inguruko bizitza plasmatikoa dute <a href="/wiki/Bare_(organoa)" title="Bare (organoa)">bareak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel">gibeleko</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kupffer_zelula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kupffer zelula (sortu gabe)">Kupffer zelulek</a> degradatu baino lehen. Gibelak <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido">lipido</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido">aminoazido</a> batzuk ere garbitzen ditu. Giltzurrunak aktiboki jariatzen ditu hondakin-produktuak <a href="/wiki/Gernu" title="Gernu">gernuan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxigeno_garraioa">Oxigeno garraioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oxigeno garraioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Oxigeno garraioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Oxyhaemoglobin_dissociation_curve.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Oxyhaemoglobin_dissociation_curve.png/220px-Oxyhaemoglobin_dissociation_curve.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Oxyhaemoglobin_dissociation_curve.png/330px-Oxyhaemoglobin_dissociation_curve.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Oxyhaemoglobin_dissociation_curve.png 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Oinarrizko hemoglobinaren saturazio-kurba. Eskuinera mugitzen da azidotasun handiagoan (karbono dioxido gehiago disolbatuta) eta ezkerrera azidotasun baxuagoan (karbono dioxido gutxiago disolbatuta)</figcaption></figure> <p>Itsasoaren presioan dagoen arteria-odol lagin batean, gizaki osasuntsuak arnasten duen airea oxigenoaren % 98,5<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inguru <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobina" title="Hemoglobina">hemoglobinarekin</a> konbinatzen da kimikoki. % 1,5 inguru, fisikoki disolbatuta dago beste odol-likidoetan, eta ez dago hemoglobinarekin lotuta. Hemoglobina molekula oxigenoaren garraiatzaile nagusia da ugaztunen eta beste espezie askotan. Hemoglobinak 1,36 eta 1,40 ml O<sub>2</sub> arteko oxigenoa lotzeko ahalmena du hemoglobina gramo bakoitzeko<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta horrek odoleko oxigeno-ahalmen osoa hirurogeita hamar aldiz handitzen du<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oxigenoa 0,03 ml O<sub>2</sub> odol litro bakoitzeko mm Hg oxigenoaren presio partzialaren disolbagarritasunarekin alderatuta (100 mm Hg inguru arterietan)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Birika" title="Birika">Biriketako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zilbor" title="Zilbor">zilbor</a> arteriak eta haiei dagozkien zainak izan ezik, arteriek odol oxigenatua garraitzen dute bihotzetik, eta, <a href="/wiki/Arteriola" title="Arteriola">arteriolen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hodi_kapilar" title="Hodi kapilar">kapilarren</a> bidez, gorputzera eramaten dute, bertan oxigenoa kontsumitzen baita; ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Zainadar" title="Zainadar">benulek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zain" title="Zain">zainek</a> odol desoxigenatua itzultzen dute bihotzera. </p><p>Atsedenaldian dauden gizaki helduen baldintza normaletan, biriketatik irteten den odoleko hemoglobinaren % 98-99 inguru oxigenoarekin saturatuta dago, eta 950 eta 1.150 ml/min arteko oxigeno-hornidura ematen dio gorputzari<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Atsedenaldian dagoen heldu osasuntsu batean, oxigeno-kontsumoa, gutxi gorabehera, 200-250 ml/min-koa da<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta biriketara itzultzen den odol desoxigenatua oraindik, gutxi gorabehera, % 75<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (% 70-78)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saturatuta dago. Ariketa iraunkorrean oxigeno-kontsumoa handitzeak zain-odolaren oxigeno-saturazioa murrizten du, eta, entrenatu den kirolari batean, % 15 baino gutxiagora irits daiteke; arnasketa-tasa eta odol-fluxua konpentsatzeko hazi egiten diren arren, odol arterialaren oxigeno-saturazioa % 95era edo gutxiagora jaitsi daiteke baldintza horietan<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hain baxua den oxigenoaren saturazioa arriskutsutzat jotzen da atsedenaldian dagoen pertsona batean (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Anestesia_(medikuntza)" title="Anestesia (medikuntza)">anestesiapean</a> ebakuntzan). <a href="/wiki/Hipoxia" title="Hipoxia">Hipoxia</a> iraunkorra (% 90 baino gutxiagoko oxigenazioa) arriskutsua da osasunerako eta hipoxia larria (% 30 baino gutxiagoko saturazioa) hilgarria izan daiteke<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karen" title="Karen">Plazentaren</a> bidez oxigenoa jasotzen duen <a href="/wiki/Umeki" title="Umeki">umeki</a> batek oxigeno-presio askoz txikiagoak jasaten ditu (helduen biriketan aurkitzen den mailaren % 21 inguru); beraz, umekiek beste hemoglobina forma bat sortzen dute oxigenoarekiko (hemoglobina F), baldintza horietan funtzionatzeko afinitate handiagoa duena<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karbono_dioxidoaren_garraioa">Karbono dioxidoaren garraioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Karbono dioxidoaren garraioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Karbono dioxidoaren garraioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CO<sub>2</sub>-a hiru modu ezberdinetan garraitzen da odolean. (ehuneko zehatzak aldatzen dira odol arteria edo zain-odol zein den). Gehiena (% 70 inguru) <a href="/wiki/Bikarbonato" title="Bikarbonato">bikarbonato</a> <a href="/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi">ioi</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9208800">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">HCO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span> bihurtzen da globulu gorrietako anhidrasa karbonikoaren entzimaren <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9208800"><span class="chemf nowrap">CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O → H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> → H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> + HCO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span> erreakzioaren bidez; % 7 inguru, plasman disolbatuta dago; eta, % 23 inguru, hemoglobinari lotzen zaio karbamino konposatu gisa<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Hemoglobinak, globulu gorrietako oxigenoa garraiatzen duen molekula nagusiak, <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoa</a> garraiatzen ditu. Hala ere, hemoglobinari lotzen zaion CO<sub>2</sub>-a ez da oxigenoaren gune berean lotzen. Horren ordez, lau globina kateetako N-terminal taldeekin konbinatzen da. Hala ere, hemoglobina molekularen efektu alosterikoak direla eta, CO<sub>2</sub>-aren loturak oxigeno-presio partzial jakin baterako lotzen den oxigeno-kantitatea murrizten du. Odolean, oxigeno-maila handitzearen ondorioz, karbono dioxidoarekiko lotura murriztea Haldane efektua deritzo, eta karbono dioxidoa ehunetatik biriketara garraiatzeko garrantzitsua da. CO<sub>2</sub>-aren presio partzialaren igoerak edo pH txikiagoak hemoglobinatik oxigenoa deskargatzea eragingo du, <a href="/wiki/Bohr_efektua" title="Bohr efektua">Bohr efektua</a> izenez ezagutzen dena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrogeno_ioien_garraioa">Hidrogeno ioien garraioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hidrogeno ioien garraioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrogeno ioien garraioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oxihemoglobina batzuek oxigenoa galtzen dute, eta desoxihemoglobina bihurtzen da. Desoxihemoglobinak <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> <a href="/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi">ioi</a> gehienak lotzen ditu, oxihemoglobinak baino hidrogeno gehiagorekiko afinitate handiagoa baitu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistema_linfatikoa">Sistema linfatikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sistema linfatikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema linfatikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Sistema_linfatiko" title="Sistema linfatiko">Sistema linfatiko</a>»</div> <p>Ugaztunetan, odola orekan dago <a href="/wiki/Linfa" title="Linfa">linfarekin</a>, zeina odoletik etengabe ehunetan eratzen den ultrairagazte kapilarren bidez. Linfa hodi linfatiko txikien sistema baten bidez biltzen da, eta <a href="/wiki/Torax-hodi" title="Torax-hodi">torax-hodira</a> zuzentzen da, ezkerreko <a href="/wiki/Zain_subklabio" title="Zain subklabio">zain subklabiora</a> drainatzen dena, non linfa odol-zirkulazio sistemikoarekin bat egiten duen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Termoerregulazioa">Termoerregulazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Termoerregulazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Termoerregulazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odol zirkulazioak gorputz osoan zehar garraiatzen du beroa, eta fluxu horren doikuntzak termoerregulazioaren zati garrantzitsua dira. Azalerako odol-fluxua handitzeak (adibidez, eguraldi epeletan edo ariketa gogorrak egiten direnean) larruazal beroagoa eragiten du, eta bero-galera azkarragoa da. Aitzitik, kanpoko tenperatura baxua denean, odol-fluxua larruazaleko muturretan eta gainazalean murrizten da, eta, bero-galera saihesteko, gorputzeko organo garrantzitsuetara zirkulatzen du, batez ere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emari-tasa">Emari-tasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Emari-tasa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Emari-tasa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odol-fluxuaren tasa asko aldatzen da organo ezberdinen artean. <a href="/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel">Gibelak</a> du odol-hornidurarik ugariena 1.350 ml/min-ko gutxi gorabeherako emariarekin. <a href="/wiki/Giltzurrun" title="Giltzurrun">Giltzurruna</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Entzefalo" title="Entzefalo">garuna</a> dira gehien jasotzen duten bigarren eta hirugarren organoak, 1.100 ml/min eta ~700 ml/min, hurrenez hurren<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>100 g ehun bakoitzeko, odol-fluxuaren tasa erlatiboak desberdinak dira, <a href="/wiki/Giltzurrun" title="Giltzurrun">giltzurruna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giltzurrun_gaineko_guruin" title="Giltzurrun gaineko guruin">giltzurruneko guruina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroidea</a> dira gehien hornitzen diren lehen, bigarren eta hirugarren ehunak, hurrenez hurren<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funtzio_hidraulikoak">Funtzio hidraulikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Funtzio hidraulikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Funtzio hidraulikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odol-fluxuaren murrizketa ehun espezializatuetan ere erabil daiteke handitzea eragiteko, ehun horren muntaketa eraginez; adibideak dira <a href="/wiki/Zakil" title="Zakil">zakilaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Klitori" title="Klitori">klitoriaren</a> ehun zutituak. </p><p>Funtzio hidraulikoaren beste adibide bat armiarma jauzitzailea da, zeinean hanketara presiopean behartuta sartzen den odolak jauzi indartsu baterako zuzentzen dituen, hanka gihartsu handien beharrik gabe<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornogabeak">Ornogabeak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ornogabeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Ornogabeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">Intsektuetan</a>, odolak (<a href="/wiki/Hemolinfa" title="Hemolinfa">hemolinfa</a> deiturikoa) ez du parte hartzen oxigenoaren garraioan (<a href="/wiki/Trakea" title="Trakea">еrakea</a> izeneko zuloei esker, aireko oxigenoa zuzenean hedatzen da ehunetara). Intsektuen odolak ehunetara eramaten ditu mantenugaiak, eta hondakin-produktuak sistema ireki batean kentzen ditu. </p><p>Beste ornogabe batzuek arnas proteinak erabiltzen dituzte oxigenoa garraiatzeko ahalmena handitzeko. <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobina" title="Hemoglobina">Hemoglobina</a> naturan aurkitzen den arnas proteina ohikoena da. <a href="/wiki/Hemozianina" title="Hemozianina">Hemozianinak</a> (urdina) <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrea</a> dauka, eta, <a href="/wiki/Krustazeo" title="Krustazeo">krustazeoetan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Molusku" title="Molusku">moluskuetan</a> aurkitzen da. Tunikadunek (itsasoko zikinak), arnas pigmentuetarako (berde distiratsuak, urdinak edo laranjak), banabinak (<a href="/wiki/Banadio" title="Banadio">banadioa</a> duten proteinak) erabil ditzaketela uste da. </p><p>Ornogabe askotan, oxigenoa garraiatzen duten proteina horiek disolbagarriak dira odolean; ornodunetan, <a href="/wiki/Globulu_gorri" title="Globulu gorri">globulu gorri</a> espezializatuetan daude arnas-pigmentuen kontzentrazio handiagoa ahalbidetuz <a href="/wiki/Biskositate" title="Biskositate">biskositatea</a> handitu gabe edo odola iragazteko organoak kaltetu gabe, hala nola giltzurrunak. </p><p>Hodi erraldoi zizareek (<i>Riftia pachyptila</i>) ezohiko hemoglobinak dituzte, ingurune apartekoetan bizitzeko aukera ematen dutenak. Hemoglobina horiek normalean beste animaliengan hilgarriak diren <a href="/wiki/Sulfuro" title="Sulfuro">sulfuroak</a> ere badaramate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lotutako_gaixotasunak">Lotutako gaixotasunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lotutako gaixotasunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Lotutako gaixotasunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">Anemiak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koagulopatia" title="Koagulopatia">Koagulopatiak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuzemia" title="Leuzemia">Leuzemiak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfoma" title="Linfoma">Linfomak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieloma" title="Mieloma">Mielomak</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2013/08/02 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAlbertsJohnsonLewisRaff2002">Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter.  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26919/table/A4143/">«Table 22-1, Blood Cells»</a> <i>www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zthiztegia.elhuyar.eus/terminoa/eu/odol">«ZT Hiztegi Berria»</a> <i>zthiztegia.elhuyar.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6BqsfDDSK?url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/LanNaLee.shtml">«WebCite query result»</a> <i>www.webcitation.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLakarra2005">Lakarra, Joseba.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euskomedia.org/PDFAnlt/literatura/21229322.pdf">«Protovasco, munda y otros: Reconstrucción interna y tipología holística diacrónica»</a> <i>Oihenart. Cuadernos de Lengua y Literatura</i> (Donostia: Eusko Ikaskuntza)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003644.htm">«RBC count: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia»</a> <i>medlineplus.gov</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWebMD2009">WebMD.  (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/904820270"><i>Webster's New World Medical Dictionary, 3rd Edition. </i></a> Houghton Mifflin Harcourt <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0544188977" title="Berezi:BookSources/0544188977">0544188977</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=904820270">904820270</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-agranulocytes-definition-function.html">«What Are Agranulocytes? - Definition & Function - Video & Lesson Transcript»</a> <i>Study.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-12-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">Harvey W</a> (1628). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/hvyexc/index.html">Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus</a>" (in Latin). Archived from the original on 27 November 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGray1989">Gray, Henry.  (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/graysanatomy0000gray_m7a1"><i>Gray's anatomy. </i></a> Edinburgh ; New York : C. Livingstone <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-443-02588-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-443-02588-4">978-0-443-02588-4</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Frederic, Martini (2009). <i>Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology</i>. Nath, Judi Lindsley (8th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. p. 657. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321539106" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/978-0321539106">ISBN <bdi>978-0321539106</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/173683666">OCLC 173683666</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDE_VILLOTACARMONARUBIODE_ANDRÉS1981-12">DE VILLOTA, E. DOMÍNGUEZ; CARMONA, M.T. GARCÍA; RUBIO, J.J.; DE ANDRÉS, S. RUIZ.  (1981-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/53.12.1325">«EQUALITY OF THE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO OXYGEN-BINDING CAPACITY OF HAEMOGLOBIN IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISEASE»</a> <i>British Journal of Anaesthesia</i> 53 (12): 1325–1328.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fbja%2F53.12.1325">10.1093/bja/53.12.1325</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0007-0912">0007-0912</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLinda_S._Costanzo2007">Linda S. 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(2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/physiology00cost_0"><i>Physiology. </i></a> Lippincott Williams & Wilkins <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-7817-7311-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-7817-7311-9">978-0-7817-7311-9</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwards.com/SiteCollectionImages/edwards/products/presep/ar04313hemodynpocketcard.pdf">Edwards Lifesciences LLC – Normal Hemodynamic Parameters – Adult</a> Archived 10 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323054138/http://home.hia.no/~stephens/ventphys.htm">«Ventilatory Physiology and Endurance»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2010-03-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040224085741/http://groups.msn.com/TransplantSupportLungHeartLungHeart/oxygen2.msnw">«Transplant Support- Lung, Heart/Lung, Heart»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2004-02-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMortensenDawsonYoshigaDalsgaard2005-07">Mortensen, Stefan P.; Dawson, Ellen A.; Yoshiga, Chie C.; Dalsgaard, Mads K.; Damsgaard, Rasmus; Secher, Niels H.; González-Alonso, José.  (2005-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2005.086025">«Limitations to systemic and locomotor limb muscle oxygen delivery and uptake during maximal exercise in humans: Aerobic power and capacity in humans»</a> <i>The Journal of Physiology</i> 566 (1): 273–285.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2005.086025">10.1113/jphysiol.2005.086025</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860533">15860533</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC1464731">PMC1464731</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100925053056/http://manbit.com/PAC/chapters/P30.cfm">Blood gas and Saturation measurements</a>". 25 September 2010. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990502195422/http://members.aol.com/Bio50/LecNotes/lecnot20.html">Lecture Notes-20</a>". 2 May 1999. Archived from the original on 2 May 1999. Retrieved 4 March 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMartiniMartini2005">Martini, Frederic H.; Martini, Frederic.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joJb82gVsLoC&pg=PA643"><i>Anatomy & Physiology. </i></a> Rex Bookstore, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-971-23-4807-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-971-23-4807-5">978-971-23-4807-5</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Vander's Human Physiology</i> reported similar numbers: 60% carried as bicarbonate, 30% bound to hemoglobin as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbaminohemoglobin" class="extiw" title="en:Carbaminohemoglobin">carbaminohemoglobin</a>, and 10% physically dissolved. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT (2003). <i><a href="//archive.org/details/humanphysiologym0000widm/page/493/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:humanphysiologym0000widm/page/493/mode/2up">Vander's Human Physiology</a></i> (9th ed.). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education" class="extiw" title="en:McGraw-Hill Education">McGraw-Hill Education.</a> p. 493 (ch. Respiratory physiology § Transport of carbon dioxide in blood). <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780072880748" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-07-288074-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-21">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHall2016">Hall, John E. (John Edward).  (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/guytonhalltextbo0000hall"><i>Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. </i></a> Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-4557-7005-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-4557-7005-2">978-1-4557-7005-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-559817/spider">Spiders: circulatory system</a>". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica online</i>. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odol-serum" title="Odol-serum">Odol-seruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehun_konektibo" title="Ehun konektibo">Ehun konektiboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presio_arterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Presio arterial">Presio arteriala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odol-analisi" title="Odol-analisi">Odol-analisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odol-transfusio" title="Odol-transfusio">Odol-transfusioa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odol&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003184319/http://www.donantesdesangre.com/gipuzkoa/donantes_de_sangre_sangre_e.php">Odola</a> Gipuzkoako Odol Emaileak. Donantesdesangre.com.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zientzia.net/artikuluak/odol-artifiziala-nahi-baino-urrunago/">Odol artifiziala nahi baino urrunago</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: maiatza 2023">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup> Zientzia.net (2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zientzia.net/zientzia-tb/Laborategiko-odola/">Laborategiko odola (bideoa)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: maiatza 2023">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup> Zientzia.net (2012)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style 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decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blood">Blood</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q7873%22">Q7873</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934902m">11934902m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934902m">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4007259-9">4007259-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85014927">sh85014927</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565671">00565671</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121947">ph121947</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10638001">10638001</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300011797">300011797</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/blood-biochemistry">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001769">D001769</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminologia_Anatomica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminologia Anatomica (sortu gabe)">TA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A12.0.00.009">A12.0.00.009</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy (sortu gabe)">FMA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670">9670</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7873" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7873">Q7873</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blood">Blood</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q7873%22">Q7873</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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