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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Solway_Moss" title="Batalla de Solway Moss – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Solway Moss" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Solway_Moss" title="Bataille de Solway Moss – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Solway Moss" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Solway_Moss" title="Battaglia di Solway Moss – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Solway Moss" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קרב סולווי מוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב סולווי מוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Солуэй-Моссе түбіндегі шайқас – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солуэй-Моссе түбіндегі шайқас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ソルウェイ・モスの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソルウェイ・モスの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Битва при Солуэй-Моссе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Солуэй-Моссе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96" title="Бій при Солвей-Моссі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бій при Солвей-Моссі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BB%B4%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="索维莫斯战役 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索维莫斯战役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2890025#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1542 English victory over Scotland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Solway Moss</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_Wars" title="Anglo-Scottish Wars">Anglo-Scottish Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_River_Esk,_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_River_Esk%2C_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg/250px-The_River_Esk%2C_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_River_Esk%2C_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg/375px-The_River_Esk%2C_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_River_Esk%2C_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg/500px-The_River_Esk%2C_Arthuret_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1325304.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/River_Esk,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" class="mw-redirect" title="River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway">River Esk</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arthuret" title="Arthuret">Arthuret</a>, near the location of the Battle of Solway Moss</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 November 1542</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Solway_Moss" title="Solway Moss">Solway Moss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a>, England</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&params=55.011_N_3.026_W_region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(NY345690)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°00′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°01′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.011°N 3.026°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.011; -3.026</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> English victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell,_5th_Lord_Maxwell" title="Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell">Robert, Lord Maxwell</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Sinclair" title="Oliver Sinclair">Sir Oliver Sinclair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wharton,_1st_Baron_Wharton" title="Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton">Thomas, Lord Wharton</a>,<br />Sir William Musgrave,<br />John Musgrave</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 15,000–18,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 3,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> c. 20 killed;<br />c. 1,200 prisoners;<br />hundreds drowned<sup id="cite_ref-UKBT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKBT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> c. 7 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips153_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips153-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div 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href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nesbit_Moor_(1402)" title="Battle of Nesbit Moor (1402)">Nesbit Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Homildon_Hill" title="Battle of Homildon Hill">Homildon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yeavering" title="Battle of Yeavering">Yeavering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baug%C3%A9" title="Battle of Baugé">Baugé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cravant" title="Battle of Cravant">Cravant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verneuil" title="Battle of Verneuil">Verneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Herrings" title="Battle of the Herrings">Herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meung-sur-Loire" title="Battle of Meung-sur-Loire">Meung-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaugency_(1429)" title="Battle of Beaugency (1429)">Beaugency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay">Patay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piperdean" title="Battle of Piperdean">Piperdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sark" title="Battle of Sark">Sark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Roxburgh_(1460)" title="Capture of Roxburgh (1460)">Roxburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_invasion_of_Scotland_(1482)" title="English invasion of Scotland (1482)">Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flodden" title="Battle of Flodden">Flodden Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hornshole" title="Battle of Hornshole">Hornshole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haddon_Rig" title="Battle of Haddon Rig">Haddon Rig</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solway Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Edinburgh" title="Burning of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ancrum_Moor" title="Battle of Ancrum Moor">Ancrum Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinkie" title="Battle of Pinkie">Pinkie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Inchkeith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Inchkeith (page does not exist)">Inchkeith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drumlanrig" title="Battle of Drumlanrig">Drumlanrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haddington" title="Siege of Haddington">Haddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughty_Castle#The_Rough_Wooing" title="Broughty Castle">Broughty Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leith" title="Siege of Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_of_the_Redeswire" title="Raid of the Redeswire">Redeswire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Solway Moss</b> took place on <a href="/wiki/Solway_Moss" title="Solway Moss">Solway Moss</a> near the <a href="/wiki/River_Esk,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" class="mw-redirect" title="River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway">River Esk</a> on the English side of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">Anglo-Scottish border</a> in November 1542 between English and Scottish forces. </p><p>The Scottish King <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V</a> had refused to break from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, as urged by his uncle King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>, who then launched a major raid into south-west Scotland. The Scottish army that marched against them was poorly led and organised, and many Scots were either captured or drowned in the river. News of the defeat is believed to have hastened the early death of James V. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Henry VIII of England <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">broke from the Roman Catholic Church</a>, he asked James V of Scotland, his nephew, to do the same. James ignored his uncle's request and further insulted him by refusing to meet with Henry at <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. Furious, Henry VIII sent troops led by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk</a> against Scotland. In retaliation for the massive English raid into Scotland, James assigned <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell,_5th_Baron_Maxwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Maxwell, 5th Baron Maxwell">Robert, Lord Maxwell</a>, the Scottish Warden of West March, the task of raising an army.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James wrote to Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a> on 9 November 1542 about the English raid, and explained that he had defied Henry's attempts to convert him to the <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant faith</a> by waging war with his vast resources gained from the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Earl of Angus wrote that <a href="/wiki/David_Beaton" title="David Beaton">Cardinal Beaton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray_(1501_creation)" title="James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (1501 creation)">Earl of Moray</a> had intended to follow the Scottish army into England at the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Marches" title="Scottish Marches">East March</a> and serve a papal interdict in English churches.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An order for the muster of Scottish forces at the Kirk of Morton (near Bogrie, in Scotland) before dawn on 22 November survives. Men from Dumfries, Peebles, Selkirk, and Hawick were summoned. The note mentions their routes; from Dumfries to <a href="/wiki/Hoddom_Castle" title="Hoddom Castle">Hoddom</a> and Kirkconnel tower in <a href="/wiki/Ecclefechan" title="Ecclefechan">Ecclefechan</a>; from Peebles to Moffat; from Selkirk to <a href="/wiki/Eskdalemuir" title="Eskdalemuir">Eskdalemuir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 November 1542, an army of 15,000–18,000 Scots advanced into England. Lord Maxwell, though never officially designated commander of the force, declared he would lead the attack in person. A report of <a href="/wiki/George_Douglas_of_Pittendreich" title="George Douglas of Pittendreich">George Douglas of Pittendreich</a>, who was not present, and some later <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicle</a> accounts, say that in the absence of Maxwell, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Sinclair" title="Oliver Sinclair">Oliver Sinclair</a>, James V's <a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">favourite</a>, declared himself to be James's chosen commander. According to this account of the battle, the other commanders refused to accept his command and the command structure disintegrated.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English commanders, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wharton,_1st_Baron_Wharton" title="Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton">Lord Wharton</a> and Sir William Musgrave, made reports of the battle. Musgrave stated that Maxwell was still in charge and fought with the rest of the Scottish nobles, who were forced to dismount on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Esk,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" class="mw-redirect" title="River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway">River Esk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Scots' advance into England was met near Solway Moss by Lord Wharton and his 3,000 men. The battle was uncoordinated and may be described as a rout. Sir Thomas Wharton described the battle as the overthrow of the Scots between the rivers Esk and <a href="/wiki/River_Lyne" title="River Lyne">Lyne</a>. The Scots, after the first encounter of a cavalry chase at "Akeshawsill", now Oakshawhill, moved "down" towards <a href="/wiki/Arthuret" title="Arthuret">Arthuret</a> Howes. They found themselves penned in south of the Esk, on English territory between the river and the Moss (a peat <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bog</a>), and after intense fighting surrendered themselves and their 10 field guns to the English cavalry. Wharton said the Scots were halted at the Sandy Ford by Arthuret mill dam.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scots were 'beguiled by their own guiding', according to one Scottish writer.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several hundred of the Scots may have drowned in the marshes and river.<sup id="cite_ref-UKBT_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKBT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James, who was not present at the battle (he had remained at <a href="/wiki/Lochmaben" title="Lochmaben">Lochmaben</a>), withdrew to <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Palace" title="Falkland Palace">Falkland Palace</a>, humiliated and ill with fever. The news that his wife had given birth to a daughter instead of a son further crushed his will to live, and he is reported to have stated that the House of Stewart "came with a lass and will go with a lass". He died at Falkland two weeks later at the age of thirty. According to George Douglas, in his delirium he lamented the capture of his banner and Oliver Sinclair at Solway Moss more than his other losses.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gervase Phillips has estimated that only about seven Englishmen and 20 Scots were killed but 1,200 Scottish prisoners were taken,<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips153_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips153-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Sinclair, the Earls of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Kennedy,_3rd_Earl_of_Cassilis" title="Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis">Cassilis</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cunningham,_4th_Earl_of_Glencairn" title="William Cunningham, 4th Earl of Glencairn">Glencairn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell,_5th_Baron_Maxwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Maxwell, 5th Baron Maxwell">Maxwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prisoners taken to England included <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gray,_4th_Lord_Gray" title="Patrick Gray, 4th Lord Gray">Lord Gray</a> and Stewart of Rosyth. A number of the Scottish earls, lords, and lairds were released; they sent hostages, called 'pledges', to England in their place.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 December 1542, Thomas Wharton's report of the battle was read to the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>, and they ordered that Scottish prisoners entering London should wear a red <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">St Andrew's cross</a>. Among the captured guns were four <a href="/wiki/Falconet_(cannon)" title="Falconet (cannon)">falconets</a> with the cast cipher of 'JRS' for 'Jacobus Rex Scotorum' and the Scottish royal arms with an imperial crown.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Chapuys" title="Eustace Chapuys">Eustace Chapuys</a> reported that the Scottish prisoners attended Henry's court on Christmas Day wearing swords and dirks. They were able to talk to the French ambassador, and Henry gave them each a present of a gold chain. These hostages and prisoners were mostly well treated in England, as it was hoped that when they returned to Scotland after their ransoms had been paid, they would further the English cause. Some of the high-ranking prisoners taken at the battle were exchanged for their 'pledges' at <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a> on 10 January 1543.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapuys said the return of some prisoners was prevented at this time by the Scottish government, which claimed they were traitors for losing the battle, or suspected they were now being influenced by Henry. As their families were arrested, these prisoners could not provide their pledges and stayed on the border at <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, a modern historian <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Merriman" title="Marcus Merriman">Marcus Merriman</a> sees the battle and hostage-taking more as the culmination of James V's war rather than the beginning of Henry VIII's War of <a href="/wiki/Rough_Wooing" title="Rough Wooing">Rough Wooing</a> (also known as the Nine Years' War). He notes that the capture of so many Scottish nobles at the time of the birth and accession of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, did not affect Henry's policy or the Scottish lords' subsequent rejection of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenwich" title="Treaty of Greenwich">Treaty of Greenwich</a> in December 1543.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schedules_of_prisoners,_keepers,_and_pledges"><span id="Schedules_of_prisoners.2C_keepers.2C_and_pledges"></span>Schedules of prisoners, keepers, and pledges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Schedules of prisoners, keepers, and pledges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chief Scottish prisoners were taken to <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, and were listed with their English keepers at that time in a schedule prepared by Sir Thomas Wharton;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> below the keepers of their substitute 'pledges' or hostages are added from a list compiled later in 1543 amongst the papers of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Earl of Shrewsbury">Earl of Shrewsbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_7th_Baron_Drumlanrig" class="mw-redirect" title="James Douglas, 7th Baron Drumlanrig">James Douglas of Drumlanrig</a>; keeper, the Master Customar of Carlisle.</li> <li>John Maxwell of Cohill; keeper, William Sandes; pledge, Archibald Maxwell, his brother, a child, in Yorkshire.</li> <li>James Sinclair; keeper Alexander Musgrave; pledge, as for Oliver Sinclair.</li> <li>John Charteris; keeper, William Porter</li> <li>Robert Charteris; keeper, John Wharton</li> <li>John Maxwell, brother of Lord Maxwell; pledge, his nephew Hugh Maxwell in Yorkshire.</li> <li>Patrick Hepburn; keeper Lionel Carnaby</li> <li>Walter Ker, laird of Graddon; keeper Thomas Denton; his pledge with Sir William Gascoigne, senior.</li> <li>George Hume, laird of <a href="/wiki/Ayton,_Scottish_Borders" title="Ayton, Scottish Borders">Ayton</a>; keeper Thomas Warcup</li> <li>Laird of Awncastell (John Maitland, laird of 'Awik Castle', Annan); keeper <a href="/wiki/Simon_Musgrave" title="Simon Musgrave">Simon Musgrave</a>; pledge, his brother with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth,_1st_Baron_Wentworth" title="Thomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth">Thomas Wentworth</a>.</li> <li>William, <a href="/wiki/William_Graham,_3rd_Earl_of_Menteith" title="William Graham, 3rd Earl of Menteith">Earl of Menteith</a>; keeper Lancelot Lancaster.</li> <li>Robert Erskine, son of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Erskine" title="Lord Erskine">Lord Erskine</a>; keeper <a href="/wiki/Edward_Aglionby_(died_1553)" title="Edward Aglionby (died 1553)">Edward Aglionby</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gray,_4th_Lord_Gray" title="Patrick Gray, 4th Lord Gray">Patrick, Lord Gray</a>; keeper Walter Strickland; pledges with the Archbishop of York.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Oliphant,_3rd_Lord_Oliphant" title="Laurence Oliphant, 3rd Lord Oliphant">Laurence, Lord Oliphant</a>: keeper Sir John Lowther; pledges with the Bishop of Durham.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Sinclair" title="Oliver Sinclair">Oliver Sinclair</a>: keeper Sir John Lowther: pledge, son of the Laird of Cleisburn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Somerville,_5th_Lord_Somerville" title="Hugh Somerville, 5th Lord Somerville">Hugh, Lord Somerville</a>; keeper Sir Thomas Curwen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fleming,_3rd_Lord_Fleming" title="Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming">Malcolm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Fleming" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Fleming">Lord Fleming</a>; keeper Sir William Musgrave. Deceased when the Talbot-Shrewsbury papers list was compiled.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Kennedy,_3rd_Earl_of_Cassilis" title="Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis">Gilbert Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cassilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Cassilis">Earl of Cassilis</a>; keeper Sir Thomas Wharton: pledge with Archbishop of Canterbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell,_5th_Lord_Maxwell" title="Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell">Lord Maxwell</a>; keeper Sir Thomas Wharton; remained at Carlisle in person.</li> <li>William Cuninghame, 4th Earl Glencairn, keeper Duke of Norfolk</li></ul> <p>In March 1544, as the War of Rough Wooing or Nine Years' War commenced in earnest, Henry VIII sent the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Herald" title="Richmond Herald">Richmond Herald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Dethick" title="Gilbert Dethick">Gilbert Dethick</a>, to the Privy Council of Scotland at <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Castle" title="Stirling Castle">Stirling Castle</a> to demand the return to England of a number of those high-ranking prisoners who had been allowed to go home on licence. These were: the Earls of Cassilis and Glencairn, Lords Somerville, Maxwell, Gray, Oliphant, and Fleming, with Oliver Sinclair, George Hume of Ayton, Robert Master of Erskine, William Seton, Patrick Hepburn, James Pringle, James Sinclair, Alexander Sinclair, John Maitland of Awencastle, Henry Maxwell brother of lord Maxwell, John Ross of Craigie, the laird of Moncrieff, John Leslie younger son of the earl of Rothes, and John Carmichael. If the council did not organise their return, Henry threatened revenge on their pledges in England, and penalties on future captives.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battlefield is registered by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, and currently under research to be inventoried and protected by <a href="/wiki/Historic_Scotland" title="Historic Scotland">Historic Scotland</a> under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UKBT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKBT_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKBT_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=40">"UK Battlefields Trust: Battle of Solway Moss 24 November 1542"</a>. <i>battlefieldstrust.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=battlefieldstrust.com&rft.atitle=UK+Battlefields+Trust%3A+Battle+of+Solway+Moss+24+November+1542&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.battlefieldstrust.com%2Fresource-centre%2Fmedieval%2Fbattleview.asp%3FBattleFieldId%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips153-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips153_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips153_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillips, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillips, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameron, Jamie, <i>James V, The Personal Rule</i> (Tuckwell, East Linton, 1998), 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Hay" title="Denys Hay">Denys Hay</a>, <i>Letters of James V</i> (Edinburgh, 1954), p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Bain, <i>Hamilton Papers</i>, 1 (Edinburgh, 1890), xci.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Warrender" title="Margaret Warrender">Margaret Warrender</a>, <i>Illustrations of Sixteenth Century Scottish History</i> (Edinburgh: James Stillie, 1889), pp. 1–2 & plate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillips, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameron, <i>James V</i> (Tuckwell: East Linton, 1998), 321: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924091786032">Bain, JS., ed., <i>The Hamilton Papers</i>, vol. 1, (Edinburgh, 1892), pp. 307–308</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameron, (1998), 318: <i>Letters & Papers Henry VIII</i>, vol. 17 (London, 1900), no. 1142 (2): <i>Hamilton Papers</i>, vol. 1, no. lxxxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Diurnal</i> (Edinburgh, 1833), 25: Cameron (1998), 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. S. Bain, JS. ed., <i>The Hamilton Papers</i>, vol. 1, (Edinburgh, 1890), 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Way, 'List of Prisoners', <i>PSAS</i>, (1855–6), pp. 238–42: <i>State Papers Henry</i>, vol. 5 (London, 1836), pp. 232–235: <i>Letters & Papers Henry VIII</i>, (1900), no. 1143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge, Edmund, <i>Illustrations of British History</i>, vol. 1 (London, 1791), nos. 19, 37–43, gives names of prisoners and pledges.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters & Papers Henry VIII</i>, vol. 17 (London, 1900), no. 1143, gives additional prisoners names</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Acts of the Privy Council of England</i>, vol. 1 (London, 1890), pp. 63, 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Spanish</i>, vol. 6 part 2 (London, 1895), pp. 222, 228 no. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merriman, Marcus, <i>The Rough Wooings</i>, (Tuckwell, East Linton, 2000), 81–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hamilton Papers</i>, vol. 1, p. xcviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustrationsbr01lodggoog">Lodge, Edmund, ed., <i>Illustrations of British History</i>, vol. 1 (1838)</a> pp. 44–50 no. XIX & note, Talbot, vol. B, fol. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaidment1834" class="citation book cs1">Maidment, James (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J3kuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Analecta Scotica</i></a>. T. G. Stevenson. pp. 88–90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analecta+Scotica&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=T.+G.+Stevenson&rft.date=1834&rft.aulast=Maidment&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ3kuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/battlefields/battlefieldsunderconsideration.htm">"Inventory battlefields"</a>. Historic Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inventory+battlefields&rft.pub=Historic+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic-scotland.gov.uk%2Findex%2Fheritage%2Fbattlefields%2Fbattlefieldsunderconsideration.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Makinson, Albert. "Solway Moss and the Death of James V" <i>History Today</i> (Feb 1960) 19#2 pp. 106–115.</li> <li>Sinclair, George A. "The Scots at Solway Moss." <i>Scottish Historical Review</i> 2.8 (1905): 372–377. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25517648">25517648</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924091786032">Bain, Joseph, ed., <i>Hamilton Papers</i>, vol. 1 (London, 1898)</a>, pp. lxxiii–lxxvi, Wharton's report</li> <li>Cameron, Jamie, <i>James V, The Personal Rule</i>, (Tuckwell, East Linton, 1998), 314–322</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=40">"Battle of Solway Moss 24th November 1542"</a>. UK Battlefields Resource Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Solway+Moss+24th+November+1542&rft.pub=UK+Battlefields+Resource+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.battlefieldstrust.com%2Fresource-centre%2Fmedieval%2Fbattleview.asp%3FBattleFieldId%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1833" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, Thomas (1833). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OFAJAAAAQAAJ&q=diurnal+occurrents"><i><span></span></i>Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents<i><span></span></i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diurnal+of+Remarkable+Occurrents&rft.date=1833&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOFAJAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Ddiurnal%2Boccurrents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span>, ed. Thomas Thomson, Bannatyne Club (Edinburgh, 1833), 25.</li> <li>Phillips, Gervase, <i>The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513–1550</i>, (Boydell Press, 1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-746-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-746-7">0-85115-746-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=860">"<i>Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII</i>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letters+and+Papers%2C+Foreign+and+Domestic+Henry+VIII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fsource.aspx%3Fpubid%3D860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span>, 1542, vol. 17 (1900)</li> <li>Way, Albert, <i>Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland</i>, vol. 2, (1855–6), 238–42, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/contents.cfm?vol=2&CFID=09bca136-b756-4ed6-9ed2-76a16f80403f&CFTOKEN=0">"List of Scottish Gentlemen taken prisoner 24 November 1542"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Scottish+Gentlemen+taken+prisoner+24+November+1542&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchaeologydataservice.ac.uk%2Farchives%2Fview%2Fpsas%2Fcontents.cfm%3Fvol%3D2%26CFID%3D09bca136-b756-4ed6-9ed2-76a16f80403f%26CFTOKEN%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Solway+Moss" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>State Papers of Henry VIII</i>, vol. 5 (part IV part 2), Record Commission (London, 1836)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solway_Moss&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1764167">Battle of Solway Moss</a> @ <a href="/wiki/Everything2" title="Everything2">Everything2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/battlefields/battle-of-solway-moss">English Heritage, Solway Moss in the Battlefields Register, with link to map of designated area</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/imported-docs/p-t/solway.pdf">English Heritage battlefield report: Solway Moss (1995)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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