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Kristal yapı - Vikipedi
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adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mikroskobik_kristal_yapı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikroskobik_kristal_yapı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mikroskobik kristal yapı</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikroskobik_kristal_yapı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayrıca_bakınız"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ayrıca bakınız</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kristal yapı</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 61 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalstruktuur" title="Kristalstruktuur - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kristalstruktuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estructura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بنية بلورية - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنية بلورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estructura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="کریستال قورولوشو - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کریستال قورولوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кристална структура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kristalna struktura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristal%C2%B7lina" title="Estructura cristal·lina - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estructura cristal·lina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پەیکەری بلووری - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەیکەری بلووری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystalick%C3%A1_struktura" title="Krystalická struktura - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krystalická struktura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Кристалла тытăм - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кристалла тытăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strwythur_crisial" title="Strwythur crisial - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Strwythur crisial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystalstruktur" title="Krystalstruktur - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krystalstruktur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kristallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crystal structure" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristala_strukturo" title="Kristala strukturo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristala strukturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estructura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallistruktuur" title="Kristallistruktuur - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kristallistruktuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal-egitura" title="Kristal-egitura - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristal-egitura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ساختار بلوری - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختار بلوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiderakenne" title="Kiderakenne - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiderakenne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_cristalline" title="Structure cristalline - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Structure cristalline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criostalstrucht%C3%BAr" title="Criostalstruchtúr - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Criostalstruchtúr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estrutura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="מבנה גבישי - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבנה גבישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_re%C5%A1etka" title="Kristalna rešetka - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kristalna rešetka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrikti_kristalen" title="Estrikti kristalen - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estrikti kristalen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%A1lyszerkezet" title="Kristályszerkezet - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kristályszerkezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Բյուրեղային կառուցվածք - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բյուրեղային կառուցվածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Struktur kristal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="結晶構造 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結晶構造" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/krilysu%27a" title="krilysu'a - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="krilysu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="결정 구조 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결정 구조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C4%81lisk%C4%81_strukt%C5%ABra" title="Kristāliskā struktūra - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristāliskā struktūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кристална структура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8" title="ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Болрын бүтэц - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Болрын бүтэц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_hablur" title="Struktur hablur - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Struktur hablur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kristalstructuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Krystallstruktur - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krystallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Krystallstruktur - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krystallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲੈਟਿਸ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੈਟਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sie%C4%87_krystaliczna" title="Sieć krystaliczna - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sieć krystaliczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estrutura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structur%C4%83_cristalin%C4%83" title="Structură cristalină - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Structură cristalină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристаллическая структура - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристаллическая структура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creestal_structur" title="Creestal structur - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Creestal structur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kristalna struktura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crystal structure" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kristalna struktura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktura_e_kristaleve_reale" title="Struktura e kristaleve reale - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Struktura e kristaleve reale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристална структура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="படிக அமைப்பு - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="படிக அமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" title="โครงสร้างผลึก - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงสร้างผลึก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристалічна структура - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кристалічна структура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="قلمی ساخت - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قلمی ساخت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall_panjara" title="Kristall panjara - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kristall panjara" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cấu trúc tinh thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="晶体结构" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晶体结构" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q895901#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Kristal_yap%C4%B1" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/280px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/420px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/560px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krokit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krokit (sayfa mevcut değil)">Krokit</a>, monoklinik kristal sisteme sahip bir <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineraldir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kristal yapı</b>, <a href="/wiki/Malzeme_bilimi" title="Malzeme bilimi">malzeme biliminde</a> makroskopik olarak <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristalli minerallerin</a> yüzeyleri arasında, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroskobik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikroskobik (sayfa mevcut değil)">mikroskobik</a> olarak ise çoğu <a href="/wiki/Kat%C4%B1" title="Katı">katının</a> atomları arasında görülen tekrarlı düzeni ifade eder. <a href="/wiki/Mineraloji" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineraloji">Mineraloji</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">kristalografide</a> kristaller, yüzey <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzlem" title="Düzlem">düzlemlerinin</a> birbirlerine göre yerleşimi esas alınarak sınıflandırılırlar. Benzer bir <a href="/wiki/%C3%96r%C3%BCnt%C3%BC" title="Örüntü">örüntü</a>, kristal yapılı katıların <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomları</a> ya da <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0yon" title="İyon">iyonları</a> arasında da görülmekte ve <a href="/wiki/Yo%C4%9Fun_madde_fizi%C4%9Fi" title="Yoğun madde fiziği">yoğun madde fiziğinde</a> yerleşik bir model olarak kullanılmaktadır. </p><p>Bir kristalin yüzey düzlem geometrisi kendi karakteristiğidir. Bu özelliğine göre kristalografideki 32 farklı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokta_grubu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokta grubu (sayfa mevcut değil)">nokta grubundan</a> birine dahil olur. Nokta grupları ise <a href="/wiki/Kristal_sistemi" title="Kristal sistemi">kristal sistemi</a> adı verilen 7 başlık altında toplanır. Kristal sistemleri tekrarlı en basit geometrisinin gösterdiği <a href="/wiki/Simetri" title="Simetri">simetrikliğe</a> göre birbirlerinden ayrılırlar. Eğer örüntü <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCbik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kübik">kübik</a> ise <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenar (sayfa mevcut değil)">kenar</a> uzunlukları ve birleşim <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Açı">açıları</a> eşit olacağı için yapı tamamen simetriktir. Bunun tam tersi durumda -hiçbir simetriye sahip değilse- kristal sistemi triklinik olarak adlandırılır. </p><p>Katılardaki atom yerleşimi de genellikle (örneğin <a href="/wiki/Cam" title="Cam">cam</a> bu sınıflandırmanın dışındadır) benzer bir örüntüyü içerir. Bu nedenle atomların dizilişleri bir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_kafesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristal kafesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">kristal kafesi</a> olarak modellenebilir. <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Bravais" title="Auguste Bravais">Auguste Bravais'in</a> ortaya koyduğu bu modelde atomlar merkezleri ile çakışan noktalar uzayında dizilidir. Bu örüntünün üç boyutta da tekrarlayan en temel elemanı <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birim_h%C3%BCcre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birim hücre (sayfa mevcut değil)">birim hücre</a> olarak adlandırılır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mikroskobik_kristal_yapı"><span id="Mikroskobik_kristal_yap.C4.B1"></span>Mikroskobik kristal yapı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_yap%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Mikroskobik kristal yapı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_yap%C4%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Mikroskobik kristal yapı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png/130px-Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png/195px-Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png/260px-Calcium-sulfide-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Kalsiyum sülfürün (CaS) kristal yapısı</figcaption></figure> <p>Kristal yapıya sahip katılarda atomların birbirlerine göre konumları tekrarlı bir düzen içerir. Atom merkezlerinin koordinatları uzayda işaretlendiğinde, tekrarlayan nokta kümelerinden oluşan bir kafes yapısı elde edilir. Bu yapı, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_kafesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristal kafesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">kristal kafesi</a> olarak adlandırılır. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokta_kafes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokta kafes (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nokta kafeslerin</a> tekrarlabilir olması, onları tanımlayabilecek olan birim hücre - ya da birim kafes - olarak adlandırılan basit <a href="/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri">geometrilere</a> indirgenmelerine olanak sağlar. Yapının tekrarlayan en temel elemanı birim hücredir. Bir yapı için birden farklı geometriye sahip birim hücre bulunabilir. Bu hücreler arasından en fazla simetriye sahip olanı birim hücre olarak adlandırılır. Birim hücreler azami simetriye ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzun_mesafeli_dizili%C5%9F_d%C3%BCzeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzun mesafeli diziliş düzeni (sayfa mevcut değil)">uzun mesafeli diziliş düzenine</a> sahip olmalıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atomlar birim hücrede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kafes_noktas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kafes noktası (sayfa mevcut değil)">kafes noktalarında</a> bulunurlar. Kafes noktalarının birbirlerine göre yerleşim geometrisi <a href="/wiki/Kafes_parametresi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafes parametresi">kafes parametreleri</a> ile tanımlanır ve yapının karakteristiğidir.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bravais, doğadaki 7 kristal sistemine ait toplam 14 farklı tipte nokta kafesi (Bravais kafesi) bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="1" style="margin-left:1em"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Kristal sistemi (7 Adet)<i> <br /> </i>(En az simetrikten en çok simetriğe)</b> </td> <td colspan="4"><b>Bravais kafesi (14 Adet)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">1. <a href="/wiki/Triklinik" class="mw-redirect" title="Triklinik">Triklinik</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Triclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triklinik"><img alt="Triklinik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/80px-Triclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/120px-Triclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/160px-Triclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="149" /></a><figcaption>Triklinik</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2. <a href="/wiki/Monoklinik" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoklinik">Monoklinik</a> </td> <td>Basit </td> <td>Basit, taban merkezli </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Monoclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monoklinik, basit"><img alt="Monoklinik, basit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/80px-Monoclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/120px-Monoclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/160px-Monoclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption>Monoklinik, basit</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Base-centered_monoclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monoklinik, taban merkezli"><img alt="Monoklinik, taban merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Base-centered_monoclinic.svg/80px-Base-centered_monoclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Base-centered_monoclinic.svg/120px-Base-centered_monoclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Base-centered_monoclinic.svg/160px-Base-centered_monoclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption>Monoklinik, taban merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">3. <a href="/wiki/Ortorombik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortorombik">Ortorombik</a><br /> </td> <td>Basit </td> <td>Taban merkezli </td> <td>Hacim merkezli </td> <td>Yüzey merkezli </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortorombik, basit"><img alt="Ortorombik, basit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/80px-Orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/120px-Orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/160px-Orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a><figcaption>Ortorombik, basit</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortorombik, taban merkezli"><img alt="Ortorombik, taban merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg/80px-Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg/120px-Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg/160px-Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a><figcaption>Ortorombik, taban merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortorombik, hacim merkezli"><img alt="Ortorombik, hacim merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg/80px-Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg/120px-Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg/160px-Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a><figcaption>Ortorombik, hacim merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortorombik, yüzey merkezli"><img alt="Ortorombik, yüzey merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg/80px-Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg/120px-Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg/160px-Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a><figcaption>Ortorombik, yüzey merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rombohedral_kafes_sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rombohedral kafes sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rombohedral</a><br /> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Rhombohedral.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rombohedral"><img alt="Rombohedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/80px-Rhombohedral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/120px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/160px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="141" /></a><figcaption>Rombohedral</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">5. <a href="/wiki/Tetragonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetragonal">Tetragonal</a><br /> </td> <td>Basit </td> <td>Hacim merkezli </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Tetragonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetragonal, basit"><img alt="Tetragonal, basit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/80px-Tetragonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/120px-Tetragonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/160px-Tetragonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>Tetragonal, basit</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Body-centered_tetragonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetragonal, hacim merkezli"><img alt="Tetragonal, hacim merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Body-centered_tetragonal.svg/80px-Body-centered_tetragonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Body-centered_tetragonal.svg/120px-Body-centered_tetragonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Body-centered_tetragonal.svg/160px-Body-centered_tetragonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>Tetragonal, hacim merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegzagonal_kafes_sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegzagonal kafes sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hegzagonal</a><br /> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg/80px-Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg/120px-Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg/160px-Hexagonal_latticeFRONT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCbik_kafes_sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kübik kafes sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kübik</a><br /> </td> <td>Basit kübik (BK) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacim_merkezli_k%C3%BCbik_kafes_sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacim merkezli kübik kafes sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">hacim merkezli</a> (HMK) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCzey_merkezli_k%C3%BCbik_kafes_sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüzey merkezli kübik kafes sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">yüzey merkezli</a> (YMK) </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Cubic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kübik, basit"><img alt="Kübik, basit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/80px-Cubic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/120px-Cubic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/160px-Cubic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption>Kübik, basit</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kübik, hacim merkezli"><img alt="Kübik, hacim merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/80px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/120px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/160px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption>Kübik, hacim merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kübik, yüzey merkezli"><img alt="Kübik, yüzey merkezli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/80px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/120px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/160px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption>Kübik, yüzey merkezli</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_yap%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_yap%C4%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristal_yap%C4%B1_kusurlar%C4%B1" title="Kristal yapı kusurları">Kristal yapı kusurları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dislokasyon" title="Dislokasyon">Dislokasyon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_yap%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_yap%C4%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Callister, Jr., Willam D. (2007). <i>Material Science and Engineering: An Introduction</i> (İngilizce). ABD: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-471-73696-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-471-73696-7">978-0-471-73696-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Material+Science+and+Engineering%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=ABD&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-471-73696-7&rft.aulast=Callister%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Willam+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKristal+yap%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Callister, Jr. <i>Material Science..</i>. ss. 39-41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Material+Science...&rft.pages=39-41&rft.au=Callister%2C+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKristal+yap%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207191347/http://www.veribaz.com/viewdoc.html?kristal-yapilar-ve-yapi-kusurlari-348737.html">"Kristal yapılar"</a>. Kimyasanal.net. 7 Şubat 2012 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veribaz.com/viewdoc.html?kristal-yapilar-ve-yapi-kusurlari-348737.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 23 Şubat 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kristal+yap%C4%B1lar&rft.pub=Kimyasanal.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veribaz.com%2Fviewdoc.html%3Fkristal-yapilar-ve-yapi-kusurlari-348737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKristal+yap%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141208033851/http://www.kimyasanal.net/konugoster.php?yazi=xrftvkz0zs">"Kristal yapılar ve yapı kusurları"</a>. Veribaz. 8 Aralık 2014 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kimyasanal.net/konugoster.php?yazi=xrftvkz0zs">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 23 Şubat 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kristal+yap%C4%B1lar+ve+yap%C4%B1+kusurlar%C4%B1&rft.pub=Veribaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kimyasanal.net%2Fkonugoster.php%3Fyazi%3Dxrftvkz0zs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKristal+yap%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kristal_yapılar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Triklinik_kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="Triklinik kristal yapı">Triklinik kristal yapı</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Triclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/30px-Triclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/45px-Triclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/60px-Triclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoklinik_kristal_yap%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoklinik kristal yapı">Monoklinik</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Monoclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/30px-Monoclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/45px-Monoclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/60px-Monoclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="143" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortorombik_kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="Ortorombik kristal yapı">Ortorombik kristal yapı</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/30px-Orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/45px-Orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/60px-Orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragonal_kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="Tetragonal kristal yapı">Tetragonal kristal yapı</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Tetragonal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/30px-Tetragonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/45px-Tetragonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/60px-Tetragonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigonal_kristal_yap%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigonal kristal yapı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Trigonal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Rhombohedral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/30px-Rhombohedral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/45px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/60px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegzagonal_kristal_yap%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegzagonal kristal yapı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hegzagonal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Hexagonal_lattice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hexagonal_lattice.svg/30px-Hexagonal_lattice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hexagonal_lattice.svg/45px-Hexagonal_lattice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hexagonal_lattice.svg/60px-Hexagonal_lattice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCbik_kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="Kübik kristal yapı">Kübik</a> (izometrik) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Cubic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/30px-Cubic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/45px-Cubic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/60px-Cubic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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