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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Romeinse+Republiek" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Romeinse+Republiek" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Romeinse+Republiek" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Romeinse+Republiek" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stigting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stigting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Stigting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stigting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militêre_struktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militêre_struktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Militêre struktuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Militêre_struktuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Militêre struktuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Militêre_struktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bellum_iustum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bellum_iustum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Bellum iustum</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bellum_iustum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krygstegnieke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krygstegnieke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Krygstegnieke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krygstegnieke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Romeinse Republiek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 114 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Republik" title="Römische Republik – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Römische Republik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Romana" title="Republica Romana – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Romana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisc_Cynewise" title="Romanisc Cynewise – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Romanisc Cynewise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمهورية الرومانية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمهورية الرومانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الجمهوريه الرومانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمهوريه الرومانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romafe_Sokasane" title="Romafe Sokasane – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Romafe Sokasane" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Roma Respublikası – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roma Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="روم جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روم جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remische_Republik_(Begriffsklearung)" title="Remische Republik (Begriffsklearung) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Remische Republik (Begriffsklearung)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рымская рэспубліка – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рымская рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рымская рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рымская рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска република – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Римска република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन प्रजातंत्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रोमन प्रजातंत्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="রোমান প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমান প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Roma" title="Republik Roma – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Roma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_Republika" title="Rimska Republika – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rimska Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2%CC%A4-m%C4%81_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Lò̤-mā Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lò̤-mā Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Romano" title="Republikang Romano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Republikang Romano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کۆماری ڕۆمانی – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری ڕۆمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Římská republika – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Římská republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Rhufain" title="Gweriniaeth Rhufain – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth Rhufain" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerske_Republik" title="Romerske Republik – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romerske Republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Republik" title="Römische Republik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_Roma" title="Cumhuriyetê Roma – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Roma" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωμαϊκή Δημοκρατία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωμαϊκή Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roman Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romia_Respubliko" title="Romia Respubliko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romia Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_romana" title="República romana – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República romana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooma_vabariik" title="Rooma vabariik – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rooma vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromatar_Errepublika" title="Erromatar Errepublika – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromatar Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="جمهوری روم – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری روم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooman_tasavalta" title="Rooman tasavalta – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rooman tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_romaine" title="République romaine – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République romaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeinske_Republyk" title="Romeinske Republyk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romeinske Republyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht_R%C3%B3mh%C3%A1nach" title="Poblacht Rómhánach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht Rómhánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬共和國 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="羅馬共和國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%B3ma_Tavakuairet%C3%A3" title="Rróma Tavakuairetã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rróma Tavakuairetã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה הרומית – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הרומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोम गणतंत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोम गणतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_Republika" title="Rimska Republika – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rimska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mai_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Római Köztársaság – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Római Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հռոմեական հանրապետություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հռոմեական հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Roman" title="Republica Roman – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Roman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Romawi" title="Republik Romawi – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Romawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romana_republiko" title="Romana republiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Romana republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mverska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Rómverska lýðveldið – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómverska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_romana" title="Repubblica romana – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica romana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E" title="共和政ローマ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共和政ローマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruoman_Ripoblik" title="Ruoman Ripoblik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruoman Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რომის რესპუბლიკა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რომის რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Рим республикасы – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рим республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="로마 공화국 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рим республика – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рим республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libera_res_publica_Romana" title="Libera res publica Romana – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Libera res publica Romana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Romana" title="Repuvlika Romana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Romana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Roman" title="Republica Roman – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Republica Roman" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romos_respublika" title="Romos respublika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Romos respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romas_Republika" title="Romas Republika – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Romas Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika_R%C3%B4mana" title="Repoblika Rômana – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika Rômana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска Република – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Римска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="റോമൻ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോമൻ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Ромын Бүгд Найрамдах Улс – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ромын Бүгд Найрамдах Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="रोमन प्रजासत्ताक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमन प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rom" title="Republik Rom – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Rom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblika_Rumana" title="Repubblika Rumana – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Repubblika Rumana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="روم جمهوری – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روم جمهوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6%C3%B6msche_Republiek" title="Röömsche Republiek – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Röömsche Republiek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन गणतन्त्र – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोमन गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Romeinse Republiek – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romeinse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_romerske_republikken" title="Den romerske republikken – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den romerske republikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_romerske_republikk" title="Den romerske republikk – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den romerske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Romana" title="Republica Romana – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Romana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Ромы республикæ – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ромы республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰੋਮਨ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮਨ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika_romano" title="Repúblika romano – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Repúblika romano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Republic" title="Römische Republic – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Römische Republic" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_rzymska" title="Republika rzymska – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika rzymska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Roman-a_(antichit%C3%A0)" title="Repùblica Roman-a (antichità) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Roman-a (antichità)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="رومی لوک راج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومی لوک راج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="روم جمهوريت – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روم جمهوريت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Roman%C4%83" title="Republica Romană – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Romană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римская республика – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Римская республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска република – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Римска република" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bbrica_rumana" title="Ripùbbrica rumana – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbbrica rumana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_Republika" title="Rimska Republika – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rimska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="රෝමානු ජනරජය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රෝමානු ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roman Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADmska_republika_(starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm)" title="Rímska republika (staroveký Rím) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rímska republika (staroveký Rím)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_republika" title="Rimska republika – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimska republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Romake" title="Republika Romake – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Romake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска република – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Римска република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roomske_Republik" title="Roomske Republik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Roomske Republik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerska_republiken" title="Romerska republiken – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romerska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Roma" title="Jamhuri ya Roma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya Roma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="உரோமைக் குடியரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோமைக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สาธารณรัฐโรมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐโรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Romano" title="Republikang Romano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Cumhuriyeti" title="Roma Cumhuriyeti – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roma Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Rim Respublikası – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Rim Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римська республіка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Римська республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="رومی جمہوریہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_Respublikasi" title="Rim Respublikasi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rim Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_La_M%C3%A3" title="Cộng hòa La Mã – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Romano" title="Republika Romano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika Romano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗马共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რომიშ რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რომიშ რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C3%B9_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Rómù Olómìnira – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rómù Olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗马共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Lô-má Kiōng-hô-kok – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lô-má Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬共和國 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅馬共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17167#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Romeinse_Republiek" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Romeinse_Republiek" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Romeinse_Republiek" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&oldid=2709825" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Romeinse_Republiek&id=2709825&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomeinse_Republiek"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomeinse_Republiek"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Romeinse+Republiek"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Romeinse_Republiek&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Republic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17167" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel">Koördinate</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Romeinse_Republiek&language=af&params=41_54_N_12_30_O_type:country({{{area}}})"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">41°54′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°30′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">41.900°N 12.500°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.900; 12.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><div style="background: var(--background-color-base); color: var(--color-base); float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"> <div style="border:1px solid #ccd2d9; width:24.5em; background: var(--background-color-base); color: var(--color-base); text-align:left; padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align:center;"> <table style="v.C.transparent; text-align:left; table-layout:auto; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0; font-size:100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <caption style="margin-left:inherit; font-size:135%; padding-bottom:0.5em; line-height:1.1em;"> <b><small>RES•PVBLICA•ROMANA</small></b><br /> <b>Romeinse Republiek</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9"> <table width="275" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:var(--background-color-base); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_monargie" title="Romeinse monargie">←</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lupa_Capitolina,_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/30px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/45px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/60px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7489" data-file-height="4876" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Etruskers" title="Etruskers">←</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Chimera_d%27arezzo,_fi,_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Chimera_d%27arezzo%2C_fi%2C_09.JPG/30px-Chimera_d%27arezzo%2C_fi%2C_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="30" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Chimera_d%27arezzo%2C_fi%2C_09.JPG/45px-Chimera_d%27arezzo%2C_fi%2C_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Chimera_d%27arezzo%2C_fi%2C_09.JPG/60px-Chimera_d%27arezzo%2C_fi%2C_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2386" data-file-height="2055" /></a></span><br /> </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-base); color: var(--color-base); vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:105%;"><b><a href="/wiki/509_v.C." title="509 v.C.">509 v.C.</a> – <a href="/wiki/27_v.C." title="27 v.C.">27 v.C.</a></b> </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_None.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/30px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/45px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/60px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">→</a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Spqrstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Romeinse Republiek"><img alt="Flag of Romeinse Republiek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/250px-Spqrstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/375px-Spqrstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/500px-Spqrstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="521" /></a></span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vlag" title="Vlag">Vlag</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Leuse" title="Leuse">Leuse</a>: <i>senatvs popvlvsqve romanvs</i><br /><small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyns</a> vir: "Die Senaat en Volk van Rome")</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.4em 0 0.4em 0"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Republica_Romana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging of Romeinse Republiek"><img alt="Ligging of Romeinse Republiek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/250px-Republica_Romana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/375px-Republica_Romana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/500px-Republica_Romana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Ligging of Romeinse Republiek</figcaption></figure><small>Romeinse provinsies op die vooraand van die sluipmoord op <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, c. 44 v.C.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><br /> <small><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Romeinse_Republiek&language=af&params=41_54_N_12_30_O_type:country({{{area}}})"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">41°54′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°30′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">41.900°N 12.500°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.900; 12.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Taal/Tale</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Godsdiens" title="Godsdiens">Godsdiens</a></b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">Romeinse Paganisme</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">Regering</a></b> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">Republiek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top"><b><a href="/wiki/Konsul_(Rome)" title="Konsul (Rome)">Konsul</a></b> </td> <td style="padding:0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top"> - 509 v.C.-508 v.C. </td> <td style="padding:0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Brutus" title="Lucius Junius Brutus">Lucius Junius Brutus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Tarquinius_Collatinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top"> - 27 v.C. </td> <td style="padding:0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octavianus (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Wetgewer" title="Wetgewer">Wetgewer</a></b> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;">Romeinse Senaat </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Historiese tydperk</b> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top;">Klassieke oudheid </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - Verkragting van Lucretia<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/16_Januarie" title="16 Januarie">16 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/509_v.C." title="509 v.C.">509 v.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - Caesar verklaar tot ewigdurende diktator</td> <td><a href="/wiki/44_v.C." title="44 v.C.">44 v.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Actium" title="Slag van Actium">Slag van Actium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_September" title="2 September">2 September</a> <a href="/wiki/31_v.C." title="31 v.C.">31 v.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - Octavianus verklaar tot Augustus</td> <td><a href="/wiki/16_Januarie" title="16 Januarie">16 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/27_v.C." title="27 v.C.">27 v.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Oppervlakte</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - <a href="/wiki/326_v.C." title="326 v.C.">326 v.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-size_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-size-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10 000 km<sup>2</sup> <br />3 861 sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - <a href="/wiki/200_v.C." title="200 v.C.">200 v.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-size_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-size-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>360 000 km<sup>2</sup> <br />138 997 sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - <a href="/wiki/146_v.C." title="146 v.C.">146 v.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-size_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-size-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>800 000 km<sup>2</sup> <br />308 882 sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - <a href="/wiki/100_v.C." title="100 v.C.">100 v.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-size_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-size-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1 200 000 km<sup>2</sup> <br />463 323 sq mi </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </div> <table style="margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border:1px solid #000000; background-color:#f2f2f2; padding:2px; float:right; clear:right; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rmn-military-header.png" class="mw-file-description" title="rmn-military-header.png"><img alt="rmn-military-header.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Rmn-military-header.png" decoding="async" width="194" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Stigting_van_Rome" title="Stigting van Rome">Stigting van Rome</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_monargie" title="Romeinse monargie">Romeinse monargie</a></b><br /> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romeinse Republiek</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Keiserryk</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Wes-Romeinse_Ryk" title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk">Wes-Romeinse Ryk</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Oos-Romeinse Ryk</a></b><br /><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die <b>Romeinse Republiek</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyns</a>: <i>Res Publica Romana</i>) was die fase van die <a href="/wiki/Antieke_Rome" title="Antieke Rome">antieke Romeinse</a> beskawing wat gekenmerk is deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republikeinse</a> regeringsvorm. Die republikeinse tydperk het begin met die omverwerping van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_monargie" title="Romeinse monargie">Monargie</a> <a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a><a href="/wiki/509_v.C." title="509 v.C.">509 v.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en vir meer as 450 jaar bestaan tot met die subversie daarvan deur 'n reeks burgeroorloë, in die Prinsipaat-regeringsvorm en die Keiserlik tydperk. Die presiese gebeurtenis wat die oorgang van die Romeinse Republiek na die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> aandui is oop vir interpretasie. Historici stel die aanstelling van <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> as ewigdurende diktator (<a href="/wiki/44_v.C." title="44 v.C.">44 v.C.</a>), die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Actium" title="Slag van Actium">Slag van Actium</a> (<a href="/wiki/2_September" title="2 September">2 September</a> <a href="/wiki/31_v.C." title="31 v.C.">31 v.C.</a>), en die Romeinse Senaat se toestaan van Octavianus se buitengewone magte (<a href="/wiki/16_Januarie" title="16 Januarie">16 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/27_v.C." title="27 v.C.">27 v.C.</a>), as kandidate vir die epogmakende gebeurtenis. </p><p>Die Romeinse samelewing was destyds hoofsaaklik 'n kulturele mengsel van Latynse en Etruskiese samelewings, sowel as van Sabynse, Oskaanse en Griekse kulturele elemente, wat veral sigbaar is in die Antieke Romeinse godsdiens en sy Pantheon. Sy politieke organisasie het omstreeks dieselfde tyd as direkte demokrasie in Antieke Griekeland ontwikkel, met kollektiewe en jaarlikse magistrate, onder toesig van 'n senaat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomigliano1989110–11_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomigliano1989110–11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar was jaarlikse verkiesings, maar die republikeinse stelsel was 'n elektiewe <a href="/wiki/Oligargie" title="Oligargie">oligargie</a>, nie 'n <a href="/wiki/Demokrasie" title="Demokrasie">demokrasie</a> nie; 'n klein aantal magtige families het die magistrate grootliks gemonopoliseer. Romeinse instellings het aansienlike veranderinge regdeur die Republiek ondergaan om aan te pas by die probleme wat dit in die gesig gestaar het, soos die skepping van promagistrasieë om sy verowerde provinsies te regeer, of die samestelling van die senaat. </p><p>Anders as die <a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana" title="Pax Romana">Pax Romana</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> dwarsdeur die republikeinse era in 'n toestand van kwasi-ewigdurende oorlog. Sy eerste vyande was sy Latynse en Etruskiese bure, sowel as die <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Galliërs</a>, wat Rome in 387 v.C. geplunder het. Na die Galliese plundering het Rome die hele Italiaanse skiereiland in 'n eeu verower en sodoende 'n groot moondheid in die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> geword. Sy grootste strategiese mededinger was <a href="/wiki/Kartago" title="Kartago">Kartago</a>, waarteen dit drie oorloë gevoer het. Rome het Kartago in die Slag van Zama in 202 v.C. verslaan en die oorheersende mag van die antieke Mediterreense wêreld geword. Dit het toe 'n lang reeks moeilike verowerings begin, en Filippus V en Perseus van Masedonië, Antiochus III van die <a href="/wiki/Seleukidiese_Ryk" title="Seleukidiese Ryk">Seleukidiese Ryk</a>, die Lusitaanse Viriathus, die <a href="/wiki/Numidi%C3%AB" title="Numidië">Numidiëse</a> Jugurtha, die Pontiese koning Mithridates VI, <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> van die Arverni-stam van Gallië, en die Egiptiese koningin <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra</a>. </p><p>By die huis, tydens die Konflik van die Ordes, het die patrisiërs, die geslote oligargiese elite, in konflik gekom met die meer talle plebejers; dit is vreedsaam opgelos, met die plebejers wat teen die 4de eeu v.C. politieke gelykheid bereik het. Die laat Republiek, vanaf 133 v.C., het aansienlike binnelandse twis gesien, wat dikwels anachronisties gesien word as 'n konflik tussen <i>optimates</i> en <i>populares</i>, met verwysing na onderskeidelik konserwatiewe en reformistiese politici. Die Sosiale Oorlog tussen Rome en sy Italiaanse bondgenote oor burgerskap en Romeinse hegemonie in Italië het die omvang van burgerlike geweld aansienlik uitgebrei. Massaslawerny het ook bygedra tot drie slaweoorloë. Spanning tuis tesame met ambisies in die buiteland het tot verdere burgeroorloë gelei. Die eerste het Gaius Marius en <a href="/wiki/Sulla" title="Sulla">Sulla</a> betrek. Na 'n generasie het die Republiek weer in 49 v.C. tussen <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pompeius" title="Pompeius">Pompeius</a> in 'n burgeroorlog verval. Ten spyte van sy oorwinning en aanstelling as diktator lewenslank, is Caesar in 44 v.C. vermoor. Caesar se erfgenaam <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Octavianus" title="Augustus Octavianus">Augustus Octavianus</a> en luitenant <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius" title="Marcus Antonius">Marcus Antonius</a> het Caesar se sluipmoordenaars in 42 v.C. verslaan, maar hulle is uiteindelik uitmekaar. Antonius se nederlaag saam met sy bondgenoot en minnaar Cleopatra in die Slag van Actium in 31 v.C., en die Senaat se toekenning van buitengewone magte aan Octavianus as Augustus in 27 v.C.—wat hom effektief die eerste Romeinse keiser gemaak het—het die einde van die Republiek gemerk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stigting">Stigting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Stigting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Stigting"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rome is sedert sy stigting deur monarge regeer. Hierdie monarge is lewenslank deur die manne van die Romeinse Senaat verkies. Die laaste Romeinse monarg is Tarquin die Trotse genoem, wat in tradisionele geskiedenisse in 509 v.C. uit Rome verdryf is omdat sy seun, Sextus Tarquinius, 'n adellike vrou, <a href="/wiki/Lucretia" title="Lucretia">Lucretia</a>, verkrag het.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell1995215–18_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell1995215–18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDion._Hal._''Ant._Rom.''iv.64–85_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDion._Hal._''Ant._Rom.''iv.64–85-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy1.57–60_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy1.57–60-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die monargie is afgeskaf in 'n rewolusie gelei deur die semi-mitiese Lucius Junius Brutus. Volgens oorlewering is die meeste van die voormalige funksies van die koning oorgedra na twee afsonderlike konsuls wat vir 'n termyn van een jaar in die amp verkies is; elkeen was in staat om sy kollega deur veto te kontroleer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell1995226–228_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell1995226–228-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die meeste moderne wetenskap beskryf hierdie gebeure as die kwasi-mitologiese besonderhede van 'n aristokratiese staatsgreep binne Tarquin se eie familie of 'n gevolg van 'n Etruskiese besetting van Rome eerder as 'n populêre revolusie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsythe2005148–149_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsythe2005148–149-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Militêre_struktuur"><span id="Milit.C3.AAre_struktuur"></span>Militêre struktuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Militêre struktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Militêre struktuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bellum_iustum"><i>Bellum iustum</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Bellum iustum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bellum iustum"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romeinse historici het dikwels beweer dat Rome sy ryk gebou het deur 'n opeenvolgende reeks "verdedigingsoorloë". Die werklikheid was meer genuanseerd. Voor die beginfase, toe Rome sy mag in Sentraal-Italië gevestig het, kan die verdedigingsoorloë se siening nog tot 'n mate verdedig word. Met soveel klein state so naby aan mekaar, was niemand ooit werklik veilig nie. Dit verander nie die feit dat duidelike gevalle van suiwer grondgryp ook in hierdie "naburige oorloë" (byvoorbeeld ten koste van Veii of die Volscians) waargeneem kon word. </p><p>Die Romeine het egter die behoefte gevoel aan 'n beter regverdiging vir oorlog as pure roof. Dit is hoe die konsep van “regverdige oorlog” (<i>bellum iustum</i>) ontstaan het. Voordat die weermag opgeruk het, moes 'n priester in 'n plegtige seremonie aan die gode verduidelik dat die Romeine 'n "regverdige oorlog" begin en daarom hul ondersteuning verdien. ’n Mens sou altyd – min of meer gesofistikeerde – argumente kon vind om die “geregtigheid” van ’n oorlog te ondersteun; daar was altyd "bondgenote" te vinde wat teen "bose" bure "beskerm" moes word. </p><p>Namate Rome egter groter en kragtiger geword het en verowerings buite die Italiaanse skiereiland begin maak het, het oorlog toenemend 'n winsgewende aangeleentheid vir die senatoriale klas geword. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krygstegnieke">Krygstegnieke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Krygstegnieke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Krygstegnieke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rome se uitbreiding het gepaard gegaan met 'n aansienlike uitbreiding van die militêre magte van die Romeinse federasie. Gedurende die tyd van die monargie het die leër uit 'n enkele legioen bestaan (legioen beteken iets soos "klas") van 4 200 voetsoldate en 300 ruiters. </p><p>Namate die bevolking van die Romeins-beheerde gebied gegroei het, kon twee, later drie of vier, legioene Romeinse burgers op die been gebring word, saam met minstens soveel troepe van die bondgenote. Aanvanklik het die Romeine die taktiek van die Griekse falanks aangeneem, 'n digte blok voetsoldate gewapen met lang lanse en beskerm deur skilde en wapenrusting, waarteen minder gedissiplineerde en meer liggewapende voetsoldate feitlik geen kans gestaan het nie. In hul oorloë met die Samniete en ander bergvolke het die Romeine - deur beproewing en foute - 'n meer buigsame gevegslinie ontwikkel, bestaande uit dele wat beter onafhanklik van mekaar kon opereer (manipels, kohorte, centurions,). Tot die hervormings van Marius omstreeks <a href="/wiki/100_v.C." title="100 v.C.">100 v.C.</a> die Romeinse leër sou in wese bestaan uit kleinboere wat vir 'n militêre veldtog opgeroep is. Solank as wat die Romeine hul oorloë 'n entjie van hul moederstad af geveg het, was daar kwalik 'n beswaar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20041230.shtml">THE ROMAN REPUBLIC</a></i>, Besoek op 1 Junie 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-size-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-size_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-size_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-size_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-size_2-3">2,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaagepera1979" class="citation journal cs1">Taagepera, Rein (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0145-5532%281979%293%3A3%2F4%3C115%3ASADOEG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H">"Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D."</a> <i>Social Science History</i>. <b>3</b> (3/4): 125. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1170959">10.2307/1170959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+History&rft.atitle=Size+and+Duration+of+Empires%3A+Growth-Decline+Curves%2C+600+B.C.+to+600+A.D.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=125&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1170959&rft.aulast=Taagepera&rft.aufirst=Rein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinks.jstor.org%2Fsici%3Fsici%3D0145-5532%25281979%25293%253A3%252F4%253C115%253ASADOEG%253E2.0.CO%253B2-H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ARomeinse+Republiek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomigliano1989110–11-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomigliano1989110–11_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomigliano1989">Momigliano 1989</a>, pp. 110–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell1995215–18-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell1995215–18_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCornell1995">Cornell 1995</a>, pp. 215–18. Cornell offers a summary of "Livy's prose narrative" and derived literary works relating to the expulsion of the kings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDion._Hal._''Ant._Rom.''iv.64–85-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDion._Hal._''Ant._Rom.''iv.64–85_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDion._Hal._Ant._Rom.">Dion. Hal. <i>Ant. Rom.</i></a>, iv.64–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy1.57–60-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy1.57–60_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLivy">Livy</a>, 1.57–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell1995226–228-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell1995226–228_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCornell1995">Cornell 1995</a>, pp. 226–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsythe2005148–149-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsythe2005148–149_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForsythe2005">Forsythe 2005</a>, pp. 148–149.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeinse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig 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href="/w/index.php?title=Tussenoorlogse_tydperk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tussenoorlogse tydperk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tussenoorlogse tydperk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koue_Oorlog" title="Koue Oorlog">Koue Oorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sien ook</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westerse_kuns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westerse kuns (bladsy bestaan nie)">Westerse kuns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetiese_geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetiese geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Genetiese geskiedenis van Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geskiedenis_van_die_Middellandse_Seegebied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geskiedenis van die Middellandse Seegebied (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geskiedenis van die Middellandse Seegebied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis_van_die_Europese_Parlement" title="Geskiedenis van die Europese Parlement">Geskiedenis van die Europese Unie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geskiedenis_van_Westerse_beskawing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geskiedenis van Westerse beskawing (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geskiedenis van Westerse beskawing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritieme_geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritieme geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maritieme geskiedenis van Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milit%C3%AAre_geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militêre geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy 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