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class="DesignSystem"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="ri-header-container"><h1 class="research-interest-header">Philosophy Of Language</h1><div class="counts-container"><div class="div">21,086 papers</div><div class="div">194,664 followers</div></div><div class="definition-container"><div class="ai-powered-callout">AI Powered</div>The philosophy of language is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature, origins, and usage of language. It explores the relationship between language, meaning, and reality, addressing questions about how words represent objects, the nature of linguistic meaning, and the implications of language for understanding thought and communication.</div><div class="button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--small js-header-login-url react-login-modal-opener" data-click-track="topics--follow-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--small" data-click-track="topics--view-all-button" href="/topics"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span>View all topics</a></div></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="main-content-container"><div class="works-container"><div class="nav-container"><ul class="nav-list"><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item active" data-active="" data-click-track="topics--nav-all-papers" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Newest</a></li><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language/TopPapers">Top papers</a></li><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item" data-click-track="topics--nav-most-cited" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language/MostCited">Most cited</a></li><li><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--extra-small nav-item" data-click-track="topics--nav-most-downloaded" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language/MostDownloaded">Most downloaded</a></li></ul></div><div class="works"><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128557741/The_functions_of_external_voices_in_hard_news_Appraisal_A_dialogic_perspective">The functions of external voices in hard news Appraisal: A dialogic perspective</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZuzanaN%C3%A1drask%C3%A1">Zuzana Nádraská</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Topics in Linguistics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper discusses the interaction between voices in the so-called Appraisal satellite, a section in the generic structure of hard news concerned with evaluation (White, 1998). The discussion focuses primarily on the interplay between... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper discusses the interaction between voices in the so-called Appraisal satellite, a section in the generic structure of hard news concerned with evaluation (White, 1998). The discussion focuses primarily on the interplay between external voices brought into the discourse by various forms of presentation, i.e. forms of reporting the language of others (Semino and Short, 2004); in addition, the paper touches upon the interplay between external voices and the internal authorial voice of the journalist. External voices are considered in terms of the function they fulfil in hard news Appraisal. Prototypically, external voices serve as the main source of evaluation but also fulfil various subsidiary roles; for instance, voices serve as the target of evaluation, express attitude, and provide a summary, background information and justification. Correspondences are found between voice functions and forms of presentation. Voice functions are interpreted from a dialogic perspective, mo...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128557741/The_functions_of_external_voices_in_hard_news_Appraisal_A_dialogic_perspective"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122118349/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128557741"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128541163/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Universidade_De_Caxias_Do_Sul">Fundação Universidade De Caxias Do Sul</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcioSimeone">Marcio Simeone</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, … de Comunicação da …</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128541163/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Universidade_De_Caxias_Do_Sul"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122104942/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128541163"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128517343/A_dimens%C3%A3o_ret%C3%B3rica_da_pr%C3%A1tica_matem%C3%A1tica_euclidiana">A dimensão retórica da prática matemática euclidiana</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://unep.academia.edu/TrevistadefilosofiadaUnesp">Transformação: Revista de Filosofia da Unesp</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Resumo. O artigo propõe um estudo das demonstrações diagramáticas euclidianas, sob um ponto de vista retórico, questionando a visão tradicional de que os diagramas são meros recursos psicotécnicos no processo de descoberta matemática.... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumo. O artigo propõe um estudo das demonstrações diagramáticas euclidianas, sob um ponto de vista retórico, questionando a visão tradicional de que os diagramas são meros recursos psicotécnicos no processo de descoberta matemática. Argumenta-se que os diagramas são usados para justificar afirmações específicas nas demonstrações, as quais não comprometem a correção dos resultados alcançados por Euclides. Para explicar isso, mostra-se a possibilidade de o método inferencial euclidiano ser interpretado à luz dos entimemas, ou seja, dos argumentos retóricos dependentes da audiência. Por fim, o texto discute o conceito de demonstração canônica, i.e., de demonstração completa segundo os princípios de uma teoria, como forma de antecipar algumas objeções. São consideradas também as limitações da análise lógica, ao estabelecer a definição standard como única espécie de demonstração canônica.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128517343/A_dimens%C3%A3o_ret%C3%B3rica_da_pr%C3%A1tica_matem%C3%A1tica_euclidiana"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122085152/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128517343"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128514231/Putnam_on_truth_the_real_the_rational_and_the_natural">Putnam on truth : the real, the rational and the natural</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uca-fr.academia.edu/HenriGalinon">Henri Galinon</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Archives de Philosophie</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">English translation of my french short survey paper of Putnam's philosophy of truth entitled "Putnam : le réel, le rationel et le naturel" published in Archives de Philosophie in 2024. Putnam's philosophy of truth has notoriously... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">English translation of my french short survey paper of Putnam's philosophy of truth entitled "Putnam : le réel, le rationel et le naturel" published in Archives de Philosophie in 2024. <br />Putnam's philosophy of truth has notoriously undergone a number of inflections over the course of his career. Here, I propose to revisit this trajectory, taking as a starting point Putnam's claim to fidelity to three commitments of reason in scientific practice: recognition of the interpersonal and diachronic character of inquiry; recognition of "equivalent descriptions"; and commitment to the scientific study of the mind. Each of these commitments is at first sight bound up with a particular philosophical tropism. To put it briefly, the first is realist, insofar as in order to investigate the same things we must be able to investigate the things themselves. The second is rationalist, insofar as it demands that rational indiscernibility implies real indiscernibility. The third is naturalistic in its invitation to study in the third-person language and thought. Now, the theory of truth, insofar as it has to pronounce on what it is to think the world - to be able to say what it is to think it correctly - is a territory on which each of these principles of intelligibility can make claims. What I would like to show in this essay is the way in which a certain tectonics of these principles determines Putnam's philosophy of truth in its successive evolutions. In describing this tectonics, I shall elicit the role of Putnam’s indecision between what I shall call “truth-first” and “reference-first” grounding in the theory of knowledge.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128514231/Putnam_on_truth_the_real_the_rational_and_the_natural"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122082700/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128514231"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509362/ESCHATON_2025_CONFERENCE_SYDNEY_MARCH_LECT_3_CONTEXT">ESCHATON 2025 CONFERENCE SYDNEY MARCH. LECT 3 CONTEXT</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://usq.academia.edu/MorryMorrisonLee">Morrison Lee</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">THIS THIRD AND FINAL LECTURE EXPLAINS THE SEMANTICS OF PROPHETIC LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION. IT DEMONSTRATES THE PROPERTIES OF 'BABYLON' ARE THE SAME AS THE PROPERTIES OF C.1ST JERUSALEM. IT THEN APPLIES THE RULE; 'WHAT... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">THIS THIRD AND FINAL LECTURE EXPLAINS THE SEMANTICS OF PROPHETIC LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION. IT DEMONSTRATES THE PROPERTIES OF 'BABYLON' ARE THE SAME AS THE PROPERTIES OF C.1ST JERUSALEM. IT THEN APPLIES THE RULE; 'WHAT IS EQUAL TO EACH OTHER IS EQUAL TO THE SAME THING,' CONCLUDING ONLY JERUSALEM IS ASCRIBED THE TITLE 'BABYLON.'<br /><br />A FIRST-CENTURY MODEL UNITES ALL THREE PROPHETIC SYSTEMS -TIME, LANGUAGE, CONTEXT- IN 70AD AT THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE MILLENNIAL TEMPLE.<br /><br />IT IS OFFERED AS A WORKING HYPOTHESIS, THE SIMPLEST STATEMENT CONSISTENT WITH OBSERVATION. <br /><br /> PRAISE BE TO GOD.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128509362/ESCHATON_2025_CONFERENCE_SYDNEY_MARCH_LECT_3_CONTEXT"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122078930/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128509362"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128503372/Performative_language">Performative language</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://colorado.academia.edu/JacobHenry">Jacob Henry</a> and <details class="authors-dropdown"><summary>1 more</summary><div class="dropdown-content"><div class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://colorado.academia.edu/KiraHall">Kira Hall</a></div></div></details></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Elsevier International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3rd Edition</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This chapter explores the historical concept of performative language and how it has evolved within linguistic anthropological thought up to the modern day. The discussion begins with J. L. Austin's understanding of the performative... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter explores the historical concept of performative language and how it has evolved within linguistic anthropological thought up to the modern day. The discussion begins with J. L. Austin's understanding of the performative utterance in the 1960s and traces its conceptual lineage into Judith Butler's understanding of performativity in the 1990s. It then examines how Butler's performativity theory has been taken up by linguistic anthropologists in thinking about performative language, especially scholars of gender, race, and class, largely in conjunction with Silverstein's work on indexicality and indexical performance.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128503372/Performative_language"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122073987/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128503372"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128494761/Ricordo_di_Andrea_Battistini">Ricordo di Andrea Battistini</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://otmed.academia.edu/RaffaeleRuggiero">Raffaele Ruggiero</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">L&#39;articolo riprende il discorso letto il 2 settembre 2020 nel cortile dell\u2019Archiginnasio in occasione del funerale accademico. Ci si sofferma in particolare sull&#39;etica di Andrea Battistini in quanto studioso, docente e uomo... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L&#39;articolo riprende il discorso letto il 2 settembre 2020 nel cortile dell\u2019Archiginnasio in occasione del funerale accademico. Ci si sofferma in particolare sull&#39;etica di Andrea Battistini in quanto studioso, docente e uomo delle istituzioni. L&#39;articolo appare in una delle riviste del cui comitato scientifico Andrea Battistini faceva parte, in un numero interamente dedicato alla sua memoria</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128494761/Ricordo_di_Andrea_Battistini"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122066956/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128494761"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128490253/The_relationship_between_receptive_and_productive_vocabulary_of_Slavic_EFL_learners">The relationship between receptive and productive vocabulary of Slavic EFL learners</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://reading.academia.edu/ZdislavaSiskova">Zdislava Siskova</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Topics in Linguistics</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This study investigates the relationship between learners’ receptive vocabulary knowledge as measured by the Vocabulary Size Test (Nation and Beglar, 2007) and free productive vocabulary knowledge as demonstrated by the learners when... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study investigates the relationship between learners’ receptive vocabulary knowledge as measured by the Vocabulary Size Test (Nation and Beglar, 2007) and free productive vocabulary knowledge as demonstrated by the learners when writing a short story based on pictures. The focus is on three different areas of productive vocabulary use: lexical diversity (i.e. the proportion of different words in a text), lexical sophistication (i.e. the proportion of advanced words in a text) and lexical density (i.e. the proportion of content words in a text). The results of a bivariate correlation analysis indicate that there is a moderate relationship between learners’ receptive vocabulary knowledge and lexical diversity of the texts they produce; there is a weak relationship between their receptive vocabulary knowledge and lexical sophistication in the texts; and there is no relationship between their receptive vocabulary knowledge and lexical density.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128490253/The_relationship_between_receptive_and_productive_vocabulary_of_Slavic_EFL_learners"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122063202/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128490253"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128465980/Trust_A_question_of_belief">Trust: A question of belief</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/JohnKeithHart">John Keith Hart</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Conference paper</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This essay is based on one I published over three decades ago in a collection on trust (Gambetta 1988). It was an ethnographic analysis of 1960s fieldwork done in the slums of Accra, Ghana’s capital city. My original article had three... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay is based on one I published over three decades ago in a collection on trust (Gambetta 1988). It was an ethnographic analysis of 1960s fieldwork done in the slums of Accra, Ghana’s capital city. My original article had three sections. The first was empirical, which I have greatly reduced here. I address there how durable economic relations could be sustained in an urban environment that was marginal to both traditional and modern society. I illustrate with examples the tenor of commercial life and petty enterprise in Nima. I do not highlight trust at first. Only in the third section do I turn to what we may call the philosophy of trust. I focus there on migrants’ attempts to build viable enterprise. An intermediate section bridges the empirical and theoretical parts by exploring the semantics of trust and the set of terms to which it belongs. Anthropology is philosophy with real life examples. I offer here some reflections on what I have learned since, but first a few empirical observations.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128465980/Trust_A_question_of_belief"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122043194/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128465980"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128458345/Interventions">Interventions</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://englishandforeignlanguagesuniversity.academia.edu/DVenkatRao">D Venkat Rao</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Thinking Together, Thinking Differently</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This interview with D. Venkat Rao of the English and Foreign Languages University in Hyderabad, India was conducted in January 2025 by SHC Director Roland Greene and Digital Public Fellows Utsavi Singh and Mahishan Gnanaseharan as part of... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This interview with D. Venkat Rao of the English and Foreign Languages University in Hyderabad, India was conducted in January 2025 by SHC Director Roland Greene and Digital Public Fellows Utsavi Singh and Mahishan Gnanaseharan as part of his visit to the Stanford Humanities Center. A complementary portion of the interview can be read in the Future of the Public Humanities Colloquy.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128458345/Interventions"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122036660/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128458345"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128450540/_Easy_Does_It_Unnsteinsson_on_Saying_and_Gricean_Intentions_">"Easy Does It: Unnsteinsson on Saying and Gricean Intentions"</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://univie.academia.edu/IndrekReiland">Indrek Reiland</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Croatian Journal of Philosophy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper critically examines Unnsteinsson’s Collapse Argument, which contends that “Easy” views of saying something or expressing a proposition collapse into the Gricean view (Unnsteinsson, Talking About: An Intentionalist Theory of... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper critically examines Unnsteinsson’s Collapse Argument, which contends that “Easy” views of saying something or expressing a proposition collapse into the Gricean view (Unnsteinsson, Talking About: An Intentionalist Theory of Reference, Ch. 4). Easy views maintain that saying/expressing is simply a matter of uttering a sentence with its meaning, without requiring Gricean communicative intentions. Unnsteinsson argues that Easy views must appeal to such intentions to explain what makes saying/expression intentional and rational and that this collapses them into the Gricean view. I show that this argument fails for several reasons. First, the intentions that the Easy views must posit to explain what makes saying/expressing rational are not equivalent to the Gricean communicative intentions. Second, the constitutive question of what makes an act into a saying/expressing and the rationalizing question of what makes it rational are distinct. Thus, even if Easy theorists would have to appeal to something like Gricean communicative intentions in answering the latter question, this wouldn’t cause their answer to the former question to collapse into the Gricean answer.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128450540/_Easy_Does_It_Unnsteinsson_on_Saying_and_Gricean_Intentions_"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122030326/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128450540"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128443553/Lingua_e_dialetto">Lingua e dialetto</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CastronuovoLuigi">Luigi Castronuovo</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Un segnale di pericolo.</p></div><div class="summary">Un segnale di pericolo.</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128443553/Lingua_e_dialetto"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122024254/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128443553"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128426320/Muzaffarnagar_Violence_Riots_Muslims_Hashiye_Aawaz">Muzaffarnagar Violence Riots Muslims Hashiye Aawaz</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://jnu.academia.edu/KumarAbhay">Abhay Kumar</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Hashiye Ki Aawaz</p></div><div class="summary">Syed Mohammad Raghib and Abhay Kumar, "Kitne Surakshit Hain Musalman?", Hashiye Ki Aawaz, April 2014.</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128426320/Muzaffarnagar_Violence_Riots_Muslims_Hashiye_Aawaz"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122010252/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128426320"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128425091/Four_notches_ligatured_to_four_arms_of_svastika_symbol">Four notches ligatured to four arms of svastika symbol</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SriniKalyanaraman">Srini Kalyanaraman</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">-- Such an orthographic form precisely visualised signifies zinc-based implements -- Four or five alternating svastikas constitute an expression – H-18, H-165, H-242 --svastikaḥ ‘Lucky or auspicious object -- A precisely orthographed... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">-- Such an orthographic form precisely visualised signifies zinc-based implements <br />-- Four or five alternating svastikas constitute an expression – H-18, H-165, H-242<br />--svastikaḥ ‘Lucky or auspicious object<br />-- A precisely orthographed writing system cannot be trivialised</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128425091/Four_notches_ligatured_to_four_arms_of_svastika_symbol"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122009297/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128425091"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128416175/Why_Should_Americns_Study_Russian_Today">Why Should Americns Study Russian Today</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://middlebury.academia.edu/ThomasBeyer">Thomas Beyer</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Cross-Cultural Studies:Education and Science</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Over the past 75 years, there have been fluctuations in the study of the Russian language in higher education, primarily related the impact of geopolitical events and shifting educational priorities. surge of interest during the Cold War,... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the past 75 years, there have been fluctuations in the study of the Russian language in higher education, primarily related the impact of geopolitical events and shifting educational priorities. surge of interest during the Cold War, driven by a desire for understanding and peaceful resolution of conflicts, was followed by a decline of interest after the fall of the Soviet Union. Currently there are challenges, including political tensions due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, ethical concerns, and competition from STEM fields, that have limited opportunities for study in Russia and further reduced enrollments. Despite these difficulties, there is an enduring value for the study of Russian language skills. Motivations for studying Russian include its global reach, the cultural richness of the language and people, and potential for government and international careers. By maintaining a historical perspective, contextualizing the long-term cyclical nature of U.S.-Russia relations, and the ongoing importance of cultural understanding, access to diverse information, and the hope for renewed engagement in the future, there are ample reasons for continued investment in Russian studies to foster a balanced and necessary relationship between the two nations.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128416175/Why_Should_Americns_Study_Russian_Today"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122001569/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128416175"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128407271/Preface_and_introduction">Preface and introduction</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErnstPernicka">Ernst Pernicka</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Synthese</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128407271/Preface_and_introduction"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121993967/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128407271"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128400088/Born_Again_The_Born_Rule_as_a_Feature_of_Superposition">Born Again! The Born Rule as a Feature of Superposition</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidEllerman">David P Ellerman</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, International Journal for Quantum Foundations</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Where does the Born Rule come from? We ask: "What is the simplest extension of probability theory where the Born rule appears"? This is answered by introducing "superposition events" in addition to the usual discrete events.... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Where does the Born Rule come from? We ask: "What is the simplest extension of probability theory where the Born rule appears"? This is answered by introducing "superposition events" in addition to the usual discrete events. Two-dimensional matrices (e.g., incidence matrices and density matrices) are needed to mathematically represent the differences between the two types of events. Then it is shown that those incidence and density matrices for superposition events are the (outer) products of a vector and its transpose whose components foreshadow the "amplitudes" of quantum mechanics. The squares of the components of those "amplitude" vectors yield the probabilities of the outcomes. That is how probability amplitudes and the Born Rule arise in the minimal extension of probability theory to include superposition events. This naturally extends to the full Born Rule in the Hilbert spaces over the complex numbers of quantum mechanics. It would perhaps be satisfying if probability amplitudes and the Born Rule only arose as the result of deep results in quantum mechanics (e.g., Gleason's Theorem). But both arise in a simple extension of probability theory to include "superposition events"-which should not be too surprising since superposition is the key non-classical concept in quantum mechanics.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128400088/Born_Again_The_Born_Rule_as_a_Feature_of_Superposition"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121987625/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128400088"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128394095/In_Defence_of_Ordinary_Criticism">In Defence of Ordinary Criticism</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://chanakyauniversity.academia.edu/APAshwinKumar">A. P. Ashwin Kumar</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Economic and Political Weekly</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">It is possible to distinguish between two modes of social criticism: the one exemplified in our intellectual and political–ideological statements about society (foundational criticism) and the other in our everyday goings about the world... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is possible to distinguish between two modes of social criticism: the one exemplified in our intellectual and political–ideological statements about society (foundational criticism) and the other in our everyday goings about the world (ordinary criticism). Foundational criticism has an explanatory depth and systemic character that ordinary criticism lacks. However, on second glance, ordinary criticism seems to track the nature of our moral lives better and more wholesomely. This article tries to map the implications of pursuing these two modes of social criticism, even if the end results were to turn out to be similar.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128394095/In_Defence_of_Ordinary_Criticism"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121982577/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128394095"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128390657/Wittgenstein_Looking_Back_Introduction">Wittgenstein: Looking Back - Introduction</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://mta.academia.edu/KristofNyiri">Kristóf [ J . C . ] Nyíri</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Wittgenstein: Looking Back - Introduction</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This year's Kirchberg Wittgenstein Symposium has feminist philosophy as its main topic. To celebrate the event, I am preparing an online paper. It will take me months to complete it, but I had the urge to at least write some introductory... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This year's Kirchberg Wittgenstein Symposium has feminist philosophy as its main topic. To celebrate the event, I am preparing an online paper. It will take me months to complete it, but I had the urge to at least write some introductory pages. Uploaded as <a href="http://www.hunfi.hu/nyiri/WLB_Intr.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.hunfi.hu/nyiri/WLB_Intr.pdf</a>. My intention is to work out a new paradigm for interpreting Wittgenstein. Wish me luck!</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128390657/Wittgenstein_Looking_Back_Introduction"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121979748/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128390657"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128386658/Asserting_Knowing_and_Being_Sure">Asserting, Knowing and Being Sure</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://zju.academia.edu/DavideFassio">Davide Fassio</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">It has been argued that assertion is governed by both a knowledge norm and a surety norm. According to a standard view (Unger, 1975; Williamson, 2000), the knowledge norm is more fundamental. The surety norm can be derived from the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has been argued that assertion is governed by both a knowledge norm and a surety norm. According to a standard view (Unger, 1975; Williamson, 2000), the knowledge norm is more fundamental. The surety norm can be derived from the knowledge norm. This orthodoxy has recently been challenged. Goodman and Holguin (2022) have argued for an alternative picture in which the surety norm is more fundamental. The knowledge norm can be derived from the surety norm and a further norm according to which one should be sure only of what one knows. In this paper, I defend the orthodox view from Goodman and Holguin's challenges. I provide objections to their account of how the knowledge and surety norms are related and to their arguments against the orthodox view.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128386658/Asserting_Knowing_and_Being_Sure"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121976346/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128386658"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128365797/Interview_with_an_LLM_Elusive_Horizons">Interview with an LLM . Elusive Horizons</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElanMoritz">Elan Moritz</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Personal Essay</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128365797/Interview_with_an_LLM_Elusive_Horizons"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121959536/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128365797"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128356685/Should_utilitarianism_accommodate_moral_dilemmas">Should utilitarianism accommodate moral dilemmas?</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://syr.academia.edu/AlastairNorcross">Alastair Norcross</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophical Studies</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128356685/Should_utilitarianism_accommodate_moral_dilemmas"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121952349/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128356685"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128356684/Harming_In_Context">Harming In Context</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://syr.academia.edu/AlastairNorcross">Alastair Norcross</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophical Studies</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The Standard consequentialist approach to harm is illustrated by the following principle, defended by Derek Parfit: (C6) An act benefits someone if its consequence is that someone is benefited more. An act harms someone if its consequence... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Standard consequentialist approach to harm is illustrated by the following principle, defended by Derek Parfit: (C6) An act benefits someone if its consequence is that someone is benefited more. An act harms someone if its consequence is that someone is harmed more. (69) How should we understand what it is for someone to be ''harmed more''? Intuitively, it is for someone to be made worse off by the action. But worse off than what? With what do we compare the result of the action? One suggestion that we can quickly dispense with is that we should compare the welfare of the victim before and after the action. Consider a case involving a doctor, named 'Doctor' and a patient, named 'Patient'. Call this case Doctor: Patient is terminally ill. His condition is declining, and his suffering is increasing. Doctor cannot delay Patient's death. The only thing she can do is to slow the rate of increase of Patient's suffering by administering various drugs. The best available drugs completely remove the pain that Patient would have suffered as a result of his illness. However, they also produce, as a side-effect, a level of suffering that is dramatically lower than he would have experienced without them, but significantly higher than he is now experiencing. So the result of administering the drugs is that Patient's suffering continues to increase, but at a slower rate than he would have experienced without them. The very best thing she can do has the consequence that Patient's suffering increases. That is, after Doctor's action Patient is suffering N amount of suffering as a direct result of Doctor's action, and N is more than Patient was suffering before the action. Has Doctor harmed Patient if she slows the rate of increase of Patient's suffering as much as she can? This hardly seems plausible. It is a far more plausible</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128356684/Harming_In_Context"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121952348/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128356684"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128353934/An_Abductive_Defence_of_Truthmaker_Realism">An Abductive Defence of Truthmaker Realism</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://dubaimonsters.academia.edu/ArthurSchipper">Arthur Schipper</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">This paper presents an abductive argument for realism and truthmaker realism as follows. A metaphysical theory is better if it ontologically accounts for truths better than its rivals (the Abductive Principle). Truthmaker realism gives us... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents an abductive argument for realism and truthmaker realism as follows. A metaphysical theory is better if it ontologically accounts for truths better than its rivals (the Abductive Principle). Truthmaker realism gives us a better ontological account for truths than its antirealist truthmaker rivals (Abductive Step). So, truthmaker realism is better than antirealist rivals. It presents the truthmaker project as an abductive project which asks us what accounts best ontologically for our truths. Antirealisms, especially idealisms, fail against their realist rivals on various abductive criteria. Truthmaker realism is plagued by three main objections. Presenting an abductive argument for realism does two important things. First, it dissolves the standard objections. Second, it shows how truthmaker realism is overall better motivated than antirealist, pluralist, and neutralist rivals. Simple truthmaker principles added to a plausible abductive package of principles give us a straightforward argument for realism and against antirealism or any neutralist middle ground.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128353934/An_Abductive_Defence_of_Truthmaker_Realism"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121950006/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128353934"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128350080/Complexity_and_Metamathematics">Complexity & Metamathematics</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uba.academia.edu/GregoryChaitin">Gregory Chaitin</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary">Inaugural lecture at l'Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P).</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128350080/Complexity_and_Metamathematics"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121946892/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128350080"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128344782/Epistemology_as_Information_Theory">Epistemology as Information Theory?</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uba.academia.edu/GregoryChaitin">Gregory Chaitin</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary">Virginia Chaitin’s speech at the UM6P/IAS Paris event.</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128344782/Epistemology_as_Information_Theory"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121942501/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128344782"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128334508/Stoic_Philosophy_in_Haitian_Cr%C3%A9ole_Language_and_Culture">Stoic Philosophy in Haitian Créole Language & Culture</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/stephenepompilus">Stephen E Pompilus</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, academia.edu</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The Republic of Haiti elected public officials and professional or non-elected employees are to practice and uphold the Stoic way of life based on principles like humility, moderation, and moral integrity throughout their rule, even... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Republic of Haiti elected public officials and professional or non-elected employees are to practice and uphold the Stoic way of life based on principles like humility, moderation, and moral integrity throughout their rule, even amidst political instability challenges. The Haitian people understand that stoicism is about strength and resilience; therefore, Marcus Aurelius said Stoic philosophy is about being strict with ourselves as leaders and forgiving of other people by moving on or letting things go. As a Stoic philosopher, Emperor Marcus Aurelius believed virtue to be the greatest goal in life to be happy and truly free. Also, one of Emperor Marcus Aurelius' central aims in the 12 books of Meditations is to try to understand Nature and his place in it, which elected official leaders in the Republic of Haiti could adopt to become better leaders for the people. This in-depth analysis document is for general knowledge on Emperor Marcus Aurelius philosophy in Haitian Créole.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128334508/Stoic_Philosophy_in_Haitian_Cr%C3%A9ole_Language_and_Culture"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121933683/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128334508"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128323854/Public_Presentation_Liberal_Arts_and_the_Humanities_in_Times_of_Crisis_For_Grand_Valley_State_University_General_Education_Foundations_January_2022">Public Presentation - Liberal Arts and the Humanities in Times of Crisis - For Grand Valley State University, General Education Foundations - January 2022</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://union-sc.academia.edu/AndrewKettler">Andrew Kettler</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary">Slides for Public Presentation - Liberal Arts and the Humanities in Times of Crisis - For Grand Valley State University, General Education Foundations  - January, 2022</div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128323854/Public_Presentation_Liberal_Arts_and_the_Humanities_in_Times_of_Crisis_For_Grand_Valley_State_University_General_Education_Foundations_January_2022"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121924680/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128323854"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128323218/Oltre_il_bisogno_di_oggettivit%C3%A0_spunti_wittgensteiniani_per_ripensare_listituzionalismo_linguistico">Oltre il bisogno di oggettività: spunti wittgensteiniani per ripensare l'istituzionalismo linguistico</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://euniroma1.academia.edu/MarcoMaurizi">Marco Maurizi</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Giovanni Nencioni's linguistic institutionalism, blending linguistic and juridical elements, stands out as one of the most distinctive experiences in Italian linguistic reflection of the last century. In contrast to the Crocian linguistic... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Giovanni Nencioni's linguistic institutionalism, blending linguistic and juridical elements, stands out as one of the most distinctive experiences in Italian linguistic reflection of the last century. In contrast to the Crocian linguistic subjectivism, through the notion of «institution», Nencioni was able to reaffirm the objectivity of language as a reality with its own autonomy and normativity in relation to the actions of its users. However, limiting this paradigm to a mere claim of linguistic objectivity would be reductive, considering its profound theoretical implications regarding the individual reasons behind the organization of linguistic institution and its specific normativity. Therefore, in an unprecedented comparison with Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophicallinguistic elaboration, particularly his Philosophical Investigations (1953), this work aims to provide an initial insight into 'rethinking' institutionalism and its principle of «institutionality», which is integral to the «legality and systematicity» of language. Drawing on the insights offered by Wittgenstein's concept of «regularity», which arises from the spontaneous «praxeological convergence» of individuals and their «symbolic realizations», this analysis aims to demonstrate that, beyond its pursuit of objectivity, institutionalism primarily represents the will to understand the reasons and modes of the concrete organization of linguistic institution and its normativity, which ultimately serve as the foundation and guarantee of speakers' signification.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128323218/Oltre_il_bisogno_di_oggettivit%C3%A0_spunti_wittgensteiniani_per_ripensare_listituzionalismo_linguistico"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121924168/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128323218"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128316730/Vom_Zwiespalt_der_Grenze_%C3%9Cber_die_Notwendigkeit_Grenzen_zu_setzen_und_Grenzen_zu_%C3%BCberschreiten">Vom Zwiespalt der Grenze : Über die Notwendigkeit, Grenzen zu setzen und Grenzen zu überschreiten</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://unibas.academia.edu/EmilAngehrn">Emil Angehrn</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128316730/Vom_Zwiespalt_der_Grenze_%C3%9Cber_die_Notwendigkeit_Grenzen_zu_setzen_und_Grenzen_zu_%C3%BCberschreiten"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121918642/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128316730"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128315916/Surrogative_reasoning_in_the_sciences">Surrogative reasoning in the sciences</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RSkaff">Rawad El Skaf</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Synthese</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Surrogative reasoning is an effective form of scientific thinking that is commonly adopted in various fields of science, ranging from high energy physics to medicine, artificial intelligence, and robotics. The importance of surrogate... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Surrogative reasoning is an effective form of scientific thinking that is commonly adopted in various fields of science, ranging from high energy physics to medicine, artificial intelligence, and robotics. The importance of surrogate reasoning is that it enables one to make inferences that would otherwise not be feasible to reach with other methods. In fact, faced with epistemic limitations concerning the target systems under investigation, researchers often resort to other directly accessible, or even just more tractable, surrogate systems, from which they hope to gain information about the purported target. A prototypical example of surrogative thinking is the use of mouse models to make inferences about human diseases in medical sciences; likewise, another important example in physics is the experimentation on fluid analogues to learn about the essential properties of black holes. The expression "surrogative reasoning" was first introduced in the philosophical literature by to refer to the inferential process that enables one to draw conclusions about a given system from a theoretical model built to represent it. Yet, we can meaningfully extend the scope of this expression beyond scientific modelling, so as to encompass all those forms of reasoning whereby one makes inferences about the target on the basis of some surrogate system, like in the case of analogical thinking, or even by positing imaginary scenarios and unfolding virtual processes, as it happens with thought experiments and computer simulations, respectively. Adopting such epistemic tools is customary in scientific practice, and one may go as far as claiming that, under certain circumstances, they are possibly the only available method to generate hypothesis and formulate predictions about real systems. That is true especially when the character of the latter precludes direct or full empirical access, for instance because they are too far away (e.g. black holes), too small (e.g. elementary particles), too complex (e.g. the earth climate), too expensive to construct (e.g. realscaled bridges), unethical or dangerous to experiment upon (e.g. pharmacology and human medicine).</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128315916/Surrogative_reasoning_in_the_sciences"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121917943/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128315916"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128313294/La_referencia_de_los_t%C3%A9rminos_de_magnitudes_f%C3%ADsicas">La referencia de los términos de magnitudes físicas</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnaEtcheverry6">Ana Etcheverry</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128313294/La_referencia_de_los_t%C3%A9rminos_de_magnitudes_f%C3%ADsicas"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121915599/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128313294"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128312163/Cargo_manifest_zinc_iron_implements_ingots_H_182">Cargo manifest zinc iron implements ingots --H-182</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://dcpune.academia.edu/SrinivasanKalyanaraman">Srinivasan Kalyanaraman</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">-- Sign 148 four arms of alternating svastika are inscribed with Sign 97 ‘notch’ -- Mandari ‘drummer’ rebus: mandari ‘furnace’ kul ‘tiger’ kol ‘working in iron’ kolhe ‘smelter’ Sign 148. Svastika symbol. Satva 'symbol svastika' rebus:... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">-- Sign 148 four arms  of alternating svastika are inscribed with Sign 97 ‘notch’<br />-- Mandari ‘drummer’ rebus: mandari ‘furnace’ kul ‘tiger’ kol ‘working in iron’ kolhe ‘smelter’<br /><br />Sign 148. Svastika symbol. Satva 'symbol svastika' rebus: satva 'zinc' + Sign 97. notch खाां डा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon) rebus khāṇḍa, khaṇḍa. 'implements'. mōṝẽ 'five' rebus muṇḍa 'iron' <br />Thus, on H-182 five svastika cartouches signify 'zinc implements' 20-03-2025</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128312163/Cargo_manifest_zinc_iron_implements_ingots_H_182"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121914689/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128312163"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128306190/Creation_of_the_Sign_as_Semipoiesis">Creation of the Sign as Semipoiesis</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://sci.academia.edu/SURENZOLYAN">SUREN ZOLYAN</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">In the article, using an example from the text of Philosophical Investigations by L. Wittgenstein, the author explains the logic of the internal laws of semiosis and shows that sign generation is an immanent property of the sign system... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the article, using an example from the text of Philosophical Investigations by L. Wittgenstein, the author explains the logic of the internal laws of semiosis and shows that sign generation is an immanent property of the sign system itself. The autopoietic approach to substantiating semiosis is also supported by the teachings of biosemiotics and molecular genetics on genetic coding. An example of such a sign system is the genetic code, which includes both correlation schemes between nucleotides and amino acids, followed by amino acids and proteins, and operations involved in their regulation and subsequent interaction with the context (environment). For such an understanding of sign systems, an important role belongs to the principles of Peirce's semiotics, which establish mediation between the object and the interpretant, and to the doctrine of Eigenform put forward by a number of researchers.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128306190/Creation_of_the_Sign_as_Semipoiesis"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121909578/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128306190"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128306157/Research_of_Campbell_in_the_Northern_Cape_Griqualand_west">Research of Campbell in the Northern Cape/Griqualand west</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GRIQUAROYALHOUSE">GRIQUA ROYAL HOUSE</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Aaron Martin William Messelaar</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The Griqua people originated from the intermingling of indigenous Khoi-khoi and San people with European colonizers, primarily Dutch and French Huguenots, in the 17th and 18th centuries. They developed a distinct culture, language, and... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Griqua people originated from the intermingling of indigenous Khoi-khoi and San people with European colonizers, primarily Dutch and French Huguenots, in the 17th and 18th centuries. They developed a distinct culture, language, and identity.<br /><br />The Griqua people settled in various parts of South Africa, including the Campbell area in the Northern Cape Province. They established themselves as a distinct community, with their own leadership, customs, and traditions. Historically, the Griqua people played a significant role in the early history of South Africa, particularly in the Northern Cape region. They established several independent Griqua states, including Griqualand West and Griqualand East. The Griqua communities are a distinct ethnic group in South Africa, known for their rich cultural heritage and complex history. <br /><br />John Campbell (1766-1840) was a Scottish missionary who worked for the London Missionary Society (LMS). In 1813, he established a mission station in what is now Griqualand West, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The mission station was named Campbell, in his honour. Campbell work focused on evangelism, education, and promoting agriculture among the local Griqua people. He also played a role in mediating conflicts between the Griqua and other groups in the region. Campbell's legacy extends beyond his missionary work. He was also an explorer and cartographer, and his travels and writings helped to shed light on the geography and cultures of the region. Today, the town of Campbell is a small but vibrant community that continues to reflect the complex history and cultural heritage of the region.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128306157/Research_of_Campbell_in_the_Northern_Cape_Griqualand_west"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121909534/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128306157"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128295424/Marcus_Aurelius_Philosophy_Through_the_lens_of_the_Haitian_Cr%C3%A9ole_Culture_and_Language">Marcus Aurelius Philosophy Through the lens of the Haitian Créole Culture and Language</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/stephenepompilus">Stephen E Pompilus</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, academia.edu</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The Republic of Haiti elected and non-elected public officials are to practice and uphold the Stoic way of life based on principles like humility, moderation, moral integrity throughout their rule, and amidst political instabilities. The... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Republic of Haiti elected and non-elected public officials are to practice and uphold the Stoic way of life based on principles like humility, moderation, moral integrity throughout their rule, and amidst political instabilities. The Haitian people understand that stoicism is about strength and resilience; therefore, Marcus Aurelius said Stoic philosophy is about being strict with ourselves as leaders and forgiving of other people by moving on or letting things go. As a Stoic philosopher, Emperor Marcus Aurelius believed virtue to be the greatest goal in life to be happy and truly free. Also, one of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius' central aims in the 12 books of Meditations was to understand Nature and his place in it, which elected official leaders in the Republic of Haiti must adopt to become effective leaders for the people of the Republic of Haiti. This in-depth analysis document is for general knowledge on the Marcus Aurelius philosophy through the lens of the Haitian Créole culture and language on the importance of showing resilience, emotional intelligence, fairness, wisdom, pragmatism, patience, self-sufficiency, integrity, humility, equanimity, understanding of impermanence, and gratitude in the public platform.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128295424/Marcus_Aurelius_Philosophy_Through_the_lens_of_the_Haitian_Cr%C3%A9ole_Culture_and_Language"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/122064410/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128295424"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128288379/El_Arte_Como_Modelo_De_Comprensi%C3%B3n_y_La_Compren_Si%C3%B3n_Del_Arte_Contemporaneo">El Arte Como Modelo De Comprensión y La Compren-Sión Del Arte Contemporaneo</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariadelCarmenLopezS%C3%A1enz">Maria del Carmen Lopez Sáenz</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Resumen. La autora encuentra similitudes importantes entre las comprensiones ontológicas del arte de M. Merleau-Ponty y H-G. Gadamer. Fundamentalmente, ambos consideran paradigmática la experiencia artística porque ofrece verdades... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen. La autora encuentra similitudes importantes entre las comprensiones ontológicas del arte de M. Merleau-Ponty y H-G. Gadamer. Fundamentalmente, ambos consideran paradigmática la experiencia artística porque ofrece verdades subjetivo-objetivas, singulares-universales. Los dos filósofos piensan que el conocimiento que proporciona el arte repercute en la auto-comprensión y no se agota en el concepto, sino que conjuga teoría y praxis. Gadamer desarrolla la Darstellung artística, mientras que Merleau-Ponty recupera la contribución del arte al Sentir, pero sus estéticas continúan siendo válidas para reunir los sentidos del arte actual.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128288379/El_Arte_Como_Modelo_De_Comprensi%C3%B3n_y_La_Compren_Si%C3%B3n_Del_Arte_Contemporaneo"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121894701/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128288379"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128288160/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84">Καλαισθητικές κρίσεις στον Καντ</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/EmmyMestropian">Emmy Mestropian</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Καλαισθητικές κρίσεις στον Καντ</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128288160/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121894498/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128288160"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128284933/Article_Conversational_Implicifure">Article Conversational Implicifure</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://sfsu.academia.edu/KentBach">Kent Bach</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Confusion in terms inspires confusion in concepts. When a relevant distinction is not clearly marked, or not marked at all, it is apt to be blurred or even missed altogether in our thinking. This is true in any area of inquiry, pragmatics... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Confusion in terms inspires confusion in concepts. When a relevant distinction is not clearly marked, or not marked at all, it is apt to be blurred or even missed altogether in our thinking. This is true in any area of inquiry, pragmatics in particular. No one disputes that there are various ways in which what is communicated in an utterance can go beyond sentence meaning.' The problem is to catalog the ways. It is generally recognized that linguistic meaning underdetermines speaker meaning because of the need for disambiguation and reference assignment, and because people can speak figuratively or indirectly. But philosophers and linguists are coming to recognize that these are not the only ways. The situation may be described in Gricean terms: the distinction between what is said and what is implicated is not exhaustive. Charting the middle ground between the two will require attending to specific examples, noting their distinctive features, and articulating the relevant concepts. That is what I aim to do here. The basic idea will be to distinguish not only the implied from the explicit but the implicit from the implied.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128284933/Article_Conversational_Implicifure"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121891776/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128284933"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128282317/2025_review_of_Johannes_Kabatek_Eugenio_Coseriu_Beyond_Structuralism_Berlin_De_Gruyter_2023_Slovo_a_slovesnost_86_1_2025_84_88">2025: review of: Johannes Kabatek: Eugenio Coseriu: Beyond Structuralism. Berlin: De Gruyter 2023. Slovo a slovesnost 86/1, 2025, 84–88.</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://cas-cz.academia.edu/VitBocek">Vít Boček</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128282317/2025_review_of_Johannes_Kabatek_Eugenio_Coseriu_Beyond_Structuralism_Berlin_De_Gruyter_2023_Slovo_a_slovesnost_86_1_2025_84_88"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121889565/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128282317"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128281289/Causal_priority_and_causal_conditionship">Causal priority and causal conditionship</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JACover1">J. A. Cover</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Synthese</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Temporal analyses of causal directionality fail if causes needn't precede their effects. Certain well-known difficulties with alternative (non-temporal) analyses have, in recent accounts, been avoided by attending more carefully to the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Temporal analyses of causal directionality fail if causes needn't precede their effects. Certain well-known difficulties with alternative (non-temporal) analyses have, in recent accounts, been avoided by attending more carefully to the formal features of relations typically figuring in philosophical discussions of causation. I discuss here a representative of such accounts, offered by David Sanford, according to which a correct analysis bf causal priority must issue from viewing the condition relation as nonsymmetrical. The theory is shown first to be an implicitly counterfactual treatment at its base: this provides for an explicit reformulation of several key notions in the theory. An argument is then presented, independent of these modal considerations, for the conclusion that causal priority is possible only given certain implausible assumptions about the asymmetric character of causal laws which, I claim, are not met. The best objection to this argument is shown to fail on several counts, partly in light of the counterfactual results offered earlier. It is concluded that, if laws are symmetric, analyses of the sort discussed must look elsewhere for the source of causal priority; but if laws are not symmetric, resting causal priority so heavily on nomological asymmetry is no analysis at all.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128281289/Causal_priority_and_causal_conditionship"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121888697/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128281289"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128281287/Reference_modality_and_relational_time">Reference, modality, and relational time</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JACover1">J. A. Cover</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophical Studies</p></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128281287/Reference_modality_and_relational_time"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121888712/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128281287"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128280076/De_quel_sujet_sagit_il_Plaidoyer_pour_une_critique_de_la_subjectivit%C3%A9_levinassienne_dans_Autrement_qu_%C3%AAtre">De quel sujet s'agit-il? Plaidoyer pour une critique de la subjectivité levinassienne dans Autrement qu’être</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://uach.academia.edu/CristobalBalbontinGallo">Cristobal Balbontin-Gallo</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, ACTA PHILOSOPHICA</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Autrement qu’être peut-être compris comme l’effort de Levinas pour répondre aux défis imposés par Derrida dans son essai Violence et métaphysique, de penser « l’Autre dans le Même », par opposition à Totalité et infini, qui établit une... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Autrement qu’être peut-être compris comme l’effort de Levinas pour répondre aux défis imposés par Derrida dans son essai Violence et métaphysique, de penser « l’Autre dans le Même », par opposition à Totalité et infini, qui établit une séparation tranchée entre les deux ; ce qui empêcherait Levinas, selon Derrida, de penser la catégorie de l'altérité pourtant au cœur de son entreprise d'inauguration d'une philosophie nouvelle. En effet, pour Derrida, l'altérité est toujours désignée comme un alter ego, autrement dit en rapport avec le soi. Ceci amènera Levinas à un changement de sa pensée qui s’exprimera dans sa deuxième grande œuvre, où il s’agira justement de déployer une pensée de l’altérité à partir d’une ipséité dans laquelle une ouverture à autrui devient possible. Désormais, comme Levinas lui-même le déclare, c’est en termes éthiques que la subjectivité sera décrite. Cela implique une recherche radicale pour défaire le sujet de sa condition ontique. Or, ce geste ne risque-t-il pas d'épuiser la subjectivité où l’éthique doit impérativement prendre appui ? Dès lors, dans quelle mesure ce geste conduit-il en fait à un problème qui finit par fissurer silencieusement sa philosophie ? C'est à cette question que cet article s'attachera à répondre.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128280076/De_quel_sujet_sagit_il_Plaidoyer_pour_une_critique_de_la_subjectivit%C3%A9_levinassienne_dans_Autrement_qu_%C3%AAtre"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121887602/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128280076"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128273498/Nothingness_Meinongianism_and_inconsistent_mereology">Nothingness, Meinongianism and inconsistent mereology</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FilippoCasati1">Filippo Casati</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Synthese</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">Within the framework of Meinongianism, nothingness turns out to have contradictory features-it seems to be an object and not. In this paper, we explore two different kinds of Meinongian accounts of nothingness. The first one is the... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Within the framework of Meinongianism, nothingness turns out to have contradictory features-it seems to be an object and not. In this paper, we explore two different kinds of Meinongian accounts of nothingness. The first one is the consistent account, which rejects the contradiction of nothingness, while the second one is the inconsistent account, which accepts the contradiction of nothingness. First of all, after showing that the consistent account of nothingness defended by Jacquette (Humana Mente 25:95-118, 2015) fails, we express some concerns on the general possibility of consistently characterizing nothingness. Secondly, starting from Priest's inconsistent characterization of nothingness (Priest, One, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014a; Australas J Log 11(2):146-158, 2014b), we will introduce our own inconsistent account. The key idea of our account is to take nothingness as the complement of the totality. Finally, we will make formal sense of it by constructing an inconsistent mereological system, which is the development of the paraconsistent mereology proposed by Weber and Cotnoir (Synthese 192:1267-1294, 2015). Nothingness • Meinongianism • Inconsistent mereology • Paraconsistent logic • The complement of the totality B Filippo Casati</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128273498/Nothingness_Meinongianism_and_inconsistent_mereology"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121882015/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128273498"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128273497/Nonexistent_Objects_as_Truth_Makers_Against_Crane_s_Reductionism">Nonexistent Objects as Truth-Makers: Against Crane’s Reductionism</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FilippoCasati1">Filippo Casati</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophia</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">According to Meinongianism, some objects do not exist but we can legitimately refer to and quantify over them. Moreover, Meinongianism standardly regards nonexistent objects as contributing to the truth-makers of sentences about... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">According to Meinongianism, some objects do not exist but we can legitimately refer to and quantify over them. Moreover, Meinongianism standardly regards nonexistent objects as contributing to the truth-makers of sentences about nonexistent objects. Recently, Tim Crane has proposed a weak form of Meinongianism, a reductionism, which denies any contribution of nonexistent objects to truth-making. His reductionism claims that, even though we can truly talk about nonexistent objects by using singular terms and quantifiers about them, any truth about nonexistent objects is reducible to some truths about existent objects. In this paper, we critically examine the reductionism casting some doubts on the reducibility of truths of sentences like 'a winged pig is possible' or 'some winged pig does not exist' into truths about existent objects. We also argue that the truth of such sentences can be explained by adopting a strong form of Meinongianism which admits contribution of nonexistent objects to the truth-making of such sentences.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128273497/Nonexistent_Objects_as_Truth_Makers_Against_Crane_s_Reductionism"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121882012/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128273497"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128269967/Tuomo_Tiisala_Power_and_Freedom_in_the_Space_of_Reasons_Elaborating_Foucault_s_Pragmatism">Tuomo Tiisala, Power and Freedom in the Space of Reasons: Elaborating Foucault’s Pragmatism</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://lclark.academia.edu/EliLichtenstein">Eli B Lichtenstein</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, European Journal of Philosophy</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The entanglement of power and freedom is a hallmark claim of Foucault, but also one that has raised no shortage of confusion and criticism. For if the subject's capacities for freedom are in some way constituted and determined by power,... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The entanglement of power and freedom is a hallmark claim of Foucault, but also one that has raised no shortage of confusion and criticism. For if the subject's capacities for freedom are in some way constituted and determined by power, it is not clear how Foucault can simultaneously claim that the subject has the potential for self-governing action or rationality; many readers have indeed insisted that the subject theorized by Foucault is instead fully subordinate to power. No doubt, this criticism often rests on a dichotomous view of the relationship between power and freedom, such that the latter is a self-standing capacity whose exercise is predicated on the absence of constraint from the former. To Foucault's defenders, it is often precisely this view which is disputed, while the alternative view purports that capacities for self-determination cannot be discredited simply because they are developed within relations whereby the subject is impacted or constrained by others. Nevertheless, a detailed account of why we should not thus discredit such capacities has yet to be provided, and even Foucault's defenders acknowledge that such an account is not fully developed within Foucault's work itself. 1 In this important book, Tuomo Tiisala turns to pragmatist philosophy of language in order to develop this account and to more satisfactorily explain how freedom as selfgoverning rationality emerges in conditions of power. The book articulates the entanglement of power and freedom as the "problem of structural 1 See, for example, Allen 2008.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128269967/Tuomo_Tiisala_Power_and_Freedom_in_the_Space_of_Reasons_Elaborating_Foucault_s_Pragmatism"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121879172/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128269967"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128268707/Typische_Merkmale_intentionaler_Zust%C3%A4nde_und_Husserls_V_Logische_Untersuchung">Typische Merkmale intentionaler Zustände und Husserls V. Logische Untersuchung</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/ChristopherErhard">Christopher Erhard</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Philosophisches Jahrbuch</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">After introducing some troubling features of intentional states, the essay focuses on the Fifth Logical Investigation in order to cast light on the way Husserl tries to deal with them. Husserl's approach is shown to rely upon four central... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After introducing some troubling features of intentional states, the essay focuses on the Fifth Logical Investigation in order to cast light on the way Husserl tries to deal with them. Husserl's approach is shown to rely upon four central concepts (Erlebnis, Empfindung, Qualitåt, Materie). It is argued that Husserl's early phenomenology develops an internalist solution to the problem(s) of intentionality based upon the concept of matter (Materie) as an intrinsic property which bestows "sense" on all intentional states. Finally, this conception is confronted with two challenges. The first one concerns the veridical character of some perceptual states, the other questions Husserl's claim that solely the intrinsic features of intentional events can determine their reference. A hint towards solution points towards the dynamic and "horizontal" internalism developed later (Ideas, Cartesian Meditations).</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128268707/Typische_Merkmale_intentionaler_Zust%C3%A4nde_und_Husserls_V_Logische_Untersuchung"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121878112/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128268707"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128255367/Recursive_Lacunae_The_Vanishing_Texts_of_Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Moncade">Recursive Lacunae: The Vanishing Texts of Grégoire de Moncade</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelL%C3%A9gerDubreuil">Emmanuel Léger-Dubreuil</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Theoretical Inquiries in the Archive</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">In the past decades, post-structuralist and deconstructive scholars have engaged with the epistemological instabilities of the archive, yet few have reckoned with the most radical of these instabilities: the possibility of an archive that... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the past decades, post-structuralist and deconstructive scholars have engaged with the epistemological instabilities of the archive, yet few have reckoned with the most radical of these instabilities: the possibility of an archive that erases itself. This paper examines the elusive yet foundational contributions of Grégoire de Moncade, a semiotician whose work—particularly Margins Without Center (1982) and The Perforated Archive (1974)—explores the paradox of recursive citation, bibliographic instability, and the conditions under which texts vanish through their own reproduction. Situating Moncade within the broader discourse of Derridean deconstruction, archival science, and poststructuralist historiography, this study reintroduces his neglected yet prescient insights into contemporary debates on citation, textual authority, and intellectual disappearance.</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128255367/Recursive_Lacunae_The_Vanishing_Texts_of_Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Moncade"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121867029/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128255367"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128253318/Iron_smelter_forged_bronze_cargo_on_bagalo_seafaring_merchant_vessel_H_99">Iron smelter forged bronze cargo (on) bagalo ‘seafaring merchant vessel’ – H-99</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://dcpune.academia.edu/SrinivasanKalyanaraman">Srinivasan Kalyanaraman</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">H-99. Field symbol. bagalo = an Arabian merchant vessel (G.) bagala = an Arab boat of a particular description (Ka.); bagalā (M.); bagarige, bagarage = a kind of vessel (Ka.) bagala is a dhow, a seafaring boat. Sign 176. khareḍo = a... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">H-99. Field symbol. bagalo = an Arabian merchant vessel (G.) bagala = an Arab boat of a particular description (Ka.); bagalā (M.); bagarige, bagarage = a kind of vessel (Ka.) bagala is a dhow, a seafaring boat. Sign 176. khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa 'bronze' (Telugu) Iron smelter forged bronze cargo (on) bagalo 'seafaring merchant vessel'-H-99</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128253318/Iron_smelter_forged_bronze_cargo_on_bagalo_seafaring_merchant_vessel_H_99"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121865320/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128253318"); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const moreLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.more'); moreLinks.forEach(link => { const summary = link.closest('.summary'); const summarized = summary.querySelector('.summarized'); const complete = summary.querySelector('.complete'); // Only show more link if we have both summarized and complete content if (!summarized || !complete) { link.style.display = 'none'; return; } link.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); summarized.classList.add('hidden'); complete.classList.remove('hidden'); // Hide the more link since we don't want to toggle back link.style.display = 'none'; }); }); }); // To allow for closing the author dropdown when clicking outside of it document.addEventListener('click', (event) => { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll('details.authors-dropdown'); dropdowns.forEach(dropdown => { if (!dropdown.contains(event.target) && dropdown.hasAttribute('open')) { dropdown.removeAttribute('open'); } }); });</script></div><div class="div"><div class="work-card-container"><div class="title"><a attrs="data-click-track topics--work-card-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/128250482/Healing_Trauma_and_Reasserting_Identity_through_Remembrance_in_Joanne_Fedler_s_The_Dreamcloth">Healing Trauma and Reasserting Identity through Remembrance in Joanne Fedler’s The Dreamcloth</a></div><div class="authors">by <a href="https://ewubd.academia.edu/DrAbuShahidAbdullah">Dr. Abu Shahid Abdullah</a></div><div class="work-metadata"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2025, Prague Journal of English Studies</p></div><div class="summary"><div class="summarized">The aim of this article is to analyse the role of memory in generating, transmitting and coming to terms with trauma, and the importance of exploring history, and talking about and sharing traumatic events in the process of healing in... <a class="more u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this article is to analyse the role of memory in generating, transmitting and coming to terms with trauma, and the importance of exploring history, and talking about and sharing traumatic events in the process of healing in Joan Fedler’s The Dreamcloth (2005). In the novel, Maya’s memories of her unrequited lesbian relationship with her beloved Rochel, oppression by the traditional structures of her family and Jewish community, her forced marriage with Yankel, and her being raped by him are responsible for her trauma on a personal level, whereas her forced relocation to South Africa in order to flee from the Holocaust is responsible for her trauma on a communal level. Mia, the protagonist and the grand-daughter of Maya, suffers from the transgenerational trauma of her grandmother, is haunted by her ghost, and also symbolically represents the traumatized Jewish community. She cannot relate to her own Jewish South African identity and thus tries to avoid being reminded of h...</div></div><div class="button-container"><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-view" href="https://www.academia.edu/128250482/Healing_Trauma_and_Reasserting_Identity_through_Remembrance_in_Joanne_Fedler_s_The_Dreamcloth"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">description</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View Paper</span></a><a class="ds2-5-text-link no-padding" data-click-track="topics--work-card-download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121862948/download_file?st=MTc0MzUyMzM1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=topics-page-work-card" rel="nofollow"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">arrow_downward</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download</span></a></div></div><script>if (false) { window.setUpFigureCarousel("work-strip-figures-128250482"); } 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