CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133c0753806fd37',cH: 'lnlIgDCQfvfzgGEQZEN0HHzduWkn90WKtltlrKD1mu0-1739774068-1.2.1.1-RVccQPlMYDfN75UiYwhnOKP4vqam7qh825NAA6RpTOz4i1Cz6C0fNTDwgE9VXGT8',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/415\/9104?__cf_chl_tk=BXYsqdWS1NAIZbotxcgifE9CCFi0OBfWI2cv1YyIWbE-1739774068-1.0.1.1-mPzWVcjH9OXXF3BM8xbU.NdxDZxH4bqx4xVHXLQCsEA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739774068',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/415\/9104?__cf_chl_f_tk=BXYsqdWS1NAIZbotxcgifE9CCFi0OBfWI2cv1YyIWbE-1739774068-1.0.1.1-mPzWVcjH9OXXF3BM8xbU.NdxDZxH4bqx4xVHXLQCsEA",md: "oQ75YAy82tWB0Ca9_qq4liRW33n2zvHkbzD9OZaKf8A-1739774068-1.2.1.1-72p4eGHm100eZTVzSNx3YcNZCBmW5fNE._UbiYVhigpApf2GJaPWQqrab.HCa3.5QRImpekXKxI1VrrnDeiAtjvEoS5DXb49myCTpOuGKGOFXPXWdZT5HI1Q4JR1tg1nhptqmCy5tKLcMAWXUBfz6p.l5dGXsSO1nXn.hGD1ryQsy8kjZv6hI4CCxt6bxP18ByzTnuysilfF4iHkHRLioMVCbVYEanIDxXQ06hrxVSYQ4IUvTae.socIx33MBhwsYW2x.L1FBn3tAtILXvSiwT0WU_PQj9fw2kwM4fb.HSHL88LmcHsTLfM1t64Cd2x4mHbFjGb0rVKNOZ7uo8cpwT_qymfpnSFtmh0nt2RhXflUqTYmXYNy7ku7Cd94op3whGQaBT6rYXe0FAQeVC4cufoZK78KkLJXuc41QtX3n6YIILTorGEc4FtfPPu2QNjeHexKay4pFEayPsavQJFbRm_e9C44IqY_VlIeYYvSZ.8kEhEK9c_1pJQ1jfeqx2uum6mrR6dL_ct2Y9cmDEaWIeRfQVF1fcggBlk91x7sN1JoJ6fhOdsQXNuitbqdmHtL0VMCrZ0yUnTBSzxEFpkl1Zyy6Gpg4hvk4ozym0EDHK06xyrvD9cxrKBMk3hcRf8ZHaJt65ql7Asr5cEARukp6hrkOEtm8cFz82B0SjQnt42.4LmjWA3vTTxL5P4WOTOjLiJ9fqJWlxrRhf5Ea2fhM9LCRjR_kF6CRtlwJpBvStin2UMem6V6BXxEkT19xOhhIpAy0e9dRX3O2QmUpZjHRPMqTScH1xERNrTFw4dAZrLp7A.DXyI6vFKNC9CDmOeYRFaTiKRM841AJcXxGv4VG03YWR7UOIPEalLtaVtJGPcGjOET.k4noR50dKNYYB9jg04xDbquUba4dTFwzfxg7CQtFsgaAITDlaCDghjrKiU0iXfuR9ToJJ_AzRN_MtdB5GX_23OvoE9pOxLpOcSHuSyPD9aLjoddfYGpzAKDZ48Le1h99kzy9jntv1RBC7JAIaOZLAFd0UXM87a0Qet8UB_yfxtUs87VXNnvDB_x4cSoM4mnxjzhhdfiDrn32lSS8k2lTyTrMeCWsea.TlXXp4fmHRfEp2pAWZDTI7hPVH3WJKT9gmG4g1SAPSrqTDpN3hsWkM9FgvxwbTJjMmfQuZobl47w_zp95XFIxHGZfPnSbSM0hfrLS6tJhcODx6c1daiJs5ciUe4tK46l_tCs34.p3tHyarOejNaPp95dX04fdW9Hzbhv5AWvAwGjjR8RLv2L8m3Zpt0XVRcehhLnKsRNBviJvb.W3VAFOOAeRdckW94xCndi6suI4LTDxadszz6RUvMG0BWtxzhEHkd31Ey73CnhmQnLsFmw2k8QuCBlYSWfQ5AgpsUj1HXCPaXp70J2QZ0f_opyZNX6tRhgH5CFCCE.hVLeRzgpwPu45ejddQec2kij2NpUgVkf_tQ5TZSg3ZJELSR220DXQwZAiwX9RRqgIoZ5pN7vK5mVwkwmWmipJYgPwPOe6LxHmCIgceFfgL26zRMBAao6A19rbFzQL5Fyozv0h6rQAHGY0EcRUJ9Gxe7F1Oyb5Pi_zZZyt7ayQsmeHTa8rWHqi7coz2ECIiulZyWZtdaCpXs4gplRD1YeGlMHO6NFGVCdnaooZf8AZpVKXCD9mdcKpv3sHN6G7b.mFxIRstvMwPGwjxlH_EIAwNuRonEX_fHGxUSeUHxVHHU6MTyBva2oSmS9xBkoKX9yggZyXQX1sBQC6yFaR1Jidqw5_6zcC3uqJaSYbB1Ijdf5eEVYdYhOiuj8qSSoXiqkJrwffOweKQBm1e10iD75FdhoQvnK9O00K0lwHUJ2i9hfcwviQ4gAVlpS04st8JEJLJKAMB9CEZYHHH2Of77tpAVCbIa7a9inH0fPmSPLe3fABzmuELVA059xNtri0yqJF1yNqG2QdOvssPo",mdrd: "Lofyx9oRemkriVK0DyJmGViStRp2HhhskXBpKTC7jhw-1739774068-1.2.1.1-pC.kHf3zVVV76syGE2DOsDQ6AatdMB3sVkyWx2H3qM_xLioC4vuF.sieUvBKv2dJTxyNSLWikBTzW0RT9wsSQQnA2vF2AGguvSfpHmw2kbI9E8psJle0.pcVhgCPVpMe5cQK3JQOqNsbapjyz.bi0lcXmlHlqzUUV1KVxDoK3ysvmHpeTJ.HAyHIh3Q0aLqXGm7W01b9RbsrrgX8i_NleHJ6zgEAljqrEf3UEUspk6AnGmWjlZCW.EihH6x6ygelEKJAqV1VWiOFasJjK3GDAgR6LuvOTkkaCNQNd7l3IN.ODqQznQGz9vblHvZ0B_yj_OG1.7g3zt.rG8S6OGKaPHKXxjwEFl5YM2wOJ.nm5axgjfetRX52GPViZSMlgORK0RrP4vYKxciHzy3ojCTEr2JNLeGRO1zi.CXyhfkPyl.AlMnckNT.Z1rlT_IOHXOx3cXYG0trM3Ali34cKSm_wK6i3WcneCwAbdMG0qAtamEtTOb2vGnRUQjtEXoai.IcVWqmCB2.m3w53Ac3ag9AxKn1pEawraLJftvo2EpXkh9CFezksSarklSW3sNvheO8ap96rJtmjmlmQtk4c0YC2ZC7J4QkpujLFyDqFai0l8TPyVqREk2XVQ2FDcs1a0QHLyKHGnwAJNBMU78TNZfqySJTYrfrwh.U5l0t8y4fidmTcsxC_vEKsnpqrV3fYO47zszLtM66f.zl2P3F1spo0z06kOlIGze5461xsdiU.DKav.cn43c8E06zIqokNvNuLGqzI2zDq0mKREYJS5NEFORPyWW.L_6ixOcTPrti_0YRKQpqyma6DjOfuEnKAHqiBgDEHw0Nmi3RHrLgkgyp15ANb6zL4kT_XwBbDe6N6GfExPrLYSgwAsHDjzsmahaMNdCZ42Qm0V8zZ07wVidRglMz_Sh20uWQa.rzRtUewazUv7m70c.L6WhqX6y3udMAyIwwI3t_UqLJXh7q4zMIUhyFtNkkBDRQLIBQvBczBtDap7OuihJMbaf6IURenTsmbqjFHVq_xPL.iC4CTvLb2kUJ_x2hMOrAz_4f1NQUKhyz0cRdz9eCcFQNrO.Iyka3BBolVs2lsWNlJsEiLCBisjDblFkmqy92Jw6vSeA_Q7V_Fgju6w4MeS04qUyXBg6pmD2C5H0l5FAE91fISYqOivnl.0Pwk3Wsanl9RwfPbKFm1_wKZG.Mr_sTD3WTehcdF9ntuy8601HVFpz8fcxHprVAuBF12NyqZHKMVMzJ0GW9lr.CDRI8M7g3aWApXvbqP3bmKRaKUTMcwM46TSrtiM4Pt4PC4C2kKpybCowi.HJ0ZlcaWEB.bPNZC8sjulVcD3YFFST00409kmwjyPDiDKi0x1dh486JjMVB_D0KoCvlS2qrzl3_N.spZ1kofEFTRvz9r2qoIZvTP6I.432WZB7kon5vC0O_xi3ZROPWpZGauZUE3O_Y20aW5_n6PjwYf1XgWhCiJYoemPRSz5Sq5et5wf.R.C4yXg34w1tjxJ5DdfASi1m_f9DPqIpTjRedSyLhigUH.Ni_nSoZKBkWYJO.IjvDG3kZ9MSMZUHBLracsfE823WDlaQKRrcFo2KAWhD_PHqAVVW70yaBJGBZoedxgxIUJW1U83gg8rJJxfEtEn6l3dt_Z7VSU8_8puouzlMlndfnpsIGZTy7zruCUiJwg37h4GtW95_SSZrvQAA5x2Jhe1rctETfPsPSIxuPFk3yHSu.2nc7NyC3XbWRLD5jeb9sznE0e7SEcTpAmC6n_cHnBa5KoX1F_hpnuxWkKo6JD8rKBOoPRuJlnb82B6qN3GDQprn1yWiheZBCFsBejR0pzgxeBezAzhI9c4KprzSVpweeeawewRrAYXX9Ud1PvPDQ4bt2y_uiDtUklOfWRljkQXE1KC5DrSrrmnkbJRleZa8rwsqw7irN6g4TBJ_H_9tntyu_Fe2hd8noBy4"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133c0753806fd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/415\/9104?__cf_chl_rt_tk=BXYsqdWS1NAIZbotxcgifE9CCFi0OBfWI2cv1YyIWbE-1739774068-1.0.1.1-mPzWVcjH9OXXF3BM8xbU.NdxDZxH4bqx4xVHXLQCsEA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>