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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Schlacht_bei_Oporto" title="Zweite Schlacht bei Oporto – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweite Schlacht bei Oporto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_bataille_de_Porto" title="Seconde bataille de Porto – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seconde bataille de Porto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="제2차 포르투 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 포르투 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_battaglia_di_Porto" title="Seconda battaglia di Porto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda battaglia di Porto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Slag_om_Porto" title="Tweede Slag om Porto – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Slag om Porto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_bitwa_pod_Oporto" title="II bitwa pod Oporto – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II bitwa pod Oporto" 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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Second+Battle+of+Porto%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Second Battle of Porto</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg/220px-Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg/330px-Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg/440px-Fuga_de_Soult_da_cidade_do_Porto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="605" /></a></span><br />Portuguese and British regiments pursuing the retreating French army at the Second Battle of Porto</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>12 May 1809<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Second_Battle_of_Porto&params=41_9_43.71_N_8_37_19.03_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°9′43.71″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°37′19.03″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.1621417°N 8.6219528°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.1621417; -8.6219528</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Anglo-Portuguese victory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewster1830132_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewster1830132-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Jean_de_Dieu_Soult" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult"> Jean de Dieu Soult</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington"> Sir Arthur Wellesley</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 13,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 18,400–27,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>2,100–2,400<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <hr />600 killed or wounded<br />1,500 captured<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998302_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998302-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 150<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puente_Sanpayo" title="Battle of Puente Sanpayo">Sanpayo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portugal_in_the_French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks 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href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" title="French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars"><span class="wrap">French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pyrenees" title="War of the Pyrenees">War of the Pyrenees</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Boulou" title="Second Battle of Boulou">Boulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sant_Lloren%C3%A7_de_la_Muga" title="Battle of Sant Llorenç de la Muga">Sant Llorenç de la Muga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villelongue" title="Battle of Villelongue">Villelongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Black_Mountain" title="Battle of the Black Mountain">Capmany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bascara_(1795)" title="Battle of Bascara (1795)">Bascara</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_campaign_of_1798" title="Mediterranean campaign of 1798">Mediterranean campaign of 1798</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Malta</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Oranges" title="War of the Oranges">War of the Oranges</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Portugal_(1807)" title="Invasion of Portugal (1807)">First invasion of Portugal</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olh%C3%A3o_revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olhão revolt (page does not exist)">Olhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Padr%C3%B5es_de_Teixeira" title="Combat of Padrões de Teixeira">Padrões de Teixeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%89vora_(1808)" title="Battle of Évora (1808)">Évora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roli%C3%A7a" title="Battle of Roliça">Roliça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimeiro" title="Battle of Vimeiro">Vimeiro</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Second_French_invasion_of_Portugal" title="Second French invasion of Portugal">Second invasion of Portugal</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chaves" title="Siege of Chaves">Chaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Braga_(1809)" title="Battle of Braga (1809)">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">1st Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Amarante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Amarante (page does not exist)">Amarante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Grijó</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Porto</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Third_Portuguese_campaign" title="Peninsular War">Third invasion of Portugal</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_C%C3%B4a" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Côa">River Côa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Almeida_(1810)" title="Siege of Almeida (1810)">1st Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bussaco" title="Battle of Bussaco">Bussaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trant%27s_raid" title="Trant's raid">Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobral" title="Battle of Sobral">Sobral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pombal" title="Battle of Pombal">Pombal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Redinha" title="Battle of Redinha">Redinha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Condeixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Condeixa (page does not exist)">Condeixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casal_Novo" title="Battle of Casal Novo">Casal Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Foz_de_Arouce" title="Battle of Foz de Arouce">Foz de Arouce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabugal" title="Battle of Sabugal">Sabugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Almeida" title="Blockade of Almeida">2nd Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fuentes_de_O%C3%B1oro" title="Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro">Fuentes de Oñoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combat_of_Aldeia_da_Ponte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combat of Aldeia da Ponte (page does not exist)">Aldeia da Ponte</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#1811" title="Peninsular War">Allied campaign in Spain</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barrosa" title="Battle of Barrosa">Barrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_siege_of_Badajoz_(1811)" title="Second siege of Badajoz (1811)">1st Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Usagre" title="Battle of Usagre">Usagre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Bod%C3%B3n" title="Battle of El Bodón">El Bodón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arroyo_dos_Molinos" title="Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos">Arroyo dos Molinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1812)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">2nd Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almaraz" title="Battle of Almaraz">Almaraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Salamanca_forts" title="Siege of the Salamanca forts">1st Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamanca" title="Battle of Salamanca">2nd Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majadahonda" title="Battle of Majadahonda">Majadahonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Burgos" title="Siege of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tordesillas_(1812)" title="Battle of Tordesillas (1812)">Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Millan-Osma" title="Battle of San Millan-Osma">San Millan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tolosa_(1813)" title="Battle of Tolosa (1813)">Tolosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pamplona_(1813)" title="Siege of Pamplona (1813)">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Siege of San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Battle of the Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maya" title="Battle of Maya">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncesvalles_(1813)" title="Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)">Roncesvalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorauren" title="Battle of Sorauren">Sorauren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lizasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lizasso (page does not exist)">Lizasso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Buenza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Buenza (page does not exist)">Buenza</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Campaign_in_south-west_France_(1814)" title="Campaign in south-west France (1814)">Campaign in south-west France</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bidassoa" title="Battle of the Bidassoa">Bidassoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nivelle" title="Battle of Nivelle">Nivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nive" title="Battle of the Nive">Nive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garris" title="Battle of Garris">Garris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orthez" title="Battle of Orthez">Orthez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(1814)" title="Battle of Toulouse (1814)">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayonne" title="Battle of Bayonne">Bayonne</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>South America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_French_Guiana" title="Portuguese conquest of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_invasion_of_the_Banda_Oriental_(1811%E2%80%931812)" title="Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812)">Banda Oriental</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:306px"><div style="position:relative;width:304px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Battle of Porto is located in Portugal"><img alt="Second Battle of Porto is located in Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/304px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" decoding="async" width="304" height="583" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/456px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/608px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="3133" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.75%;left:17.105%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lisbon"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/12px-Brown_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/18px-Brown_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roli%C3%A7a" title="Battle of Roliça">Roliça</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.714%;left:12.632%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vimeiro"><img alt="Vimeiro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimeiro" title="Battle of Vimeiro">Vimeiro</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10%;left:61.316%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chaves"><img alt="Chaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/18px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/24px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chaves" title="Siege of Chaves">Chaves</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.571%;left:36.316%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Braga"><img alt="Braga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/18px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/24px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Braga_(1809)" title="Battle of Braga (1809)">Braga</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.679%;left:32.105%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grijó"><img alt="Grijó" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/18px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/24px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Grijó</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.357%;left:31.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Porto"><img alt="Porto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/18px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/24px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><b>Porto</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.036%;left:76.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Almeida"><img alt="Almeida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/18px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/24px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Almeida_(1810)" title="Siege of Almeida (1810)">Almeida</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.179%;left:38.684%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bussaco"><img alt="Bussaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/18px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/24px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bussaco" title="Battle of Bussaco">Bussaco</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.393%;left:14.211%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="TorresVedras"><img alt="TorresVedras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/18px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/24px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Lines_of_Torres_Vedras" title="Lines of Torres Vedras">TorresVedras</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.179%;left:30.789%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Redinha"><img alt="Redinha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/18px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/24px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Redinha" title="Battle of Redinha">Redinha</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.821%;left:71.579%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sabugal"><img alt="Sabugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/18px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/24px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabugal" title="Battle of Sabugal">Sabugal</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.714%;left:78.421%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="FuentesDeOñoro"><img alt="FuentesDeOñoro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/18px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/24px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fuentes_de_O%C3%B1oro" title="Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro">FuentesDeOñoro</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" title="File:Reliefkarte Portugal.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Peninsular war: Portugal <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/12px-Brown_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/18px-Brown_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/24px-Brown_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span>1807 <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span>1808 <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/18px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/24px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span>1809 <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/18px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/24px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span>1810 <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/18px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/24px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span>1811</div></div></div> <p>The <b>Second Battle of Porto</b>, also known as the <b>Battle of the Douro</b> or the <b>Crossing of the Douro</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoores2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoores2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took place on 12 May 1809. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">General Arthur Wellesley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Army" title="Anglo-Portuguese Army">Anglo-Portuguese Army</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Jean_de_Dieu_Soult" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult">Marshal Soult</a>'s French troops and took back the city of Porto. After taking command of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> troops in Portugal on 22 April, Wellesley (later named 1st <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a>, Marquess Douro) immediately advanced on Porto and made a surprise crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> River, approaching Porto where its defences were weak. Soult's late attempts to muster a defence were in vain. The French quickly abandoned the city in a disorderly retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This battle ended the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_invasion_of_Portugal" title="Second French invasion of Portugal">Second French invasion of Portugal</a>. Soult soon found his retreat route to the east blocked and was forced to destroy his guns and burn his baggage train.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellesley pursued the French army, but Soult's army escaped annihilation by fleeing through the mountains. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Second_Portuguese_campaign" title="Peninsular War">Second Portuguese campaign</a> had started with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Braga" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Braga">Battle of Braga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_occupation">French occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: French occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">First Battle of Porto</a> (28 March 1809), the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> under Marshal Soult defeated the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> under Generals Lima Barreto and Parreiras outside the city of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>. After winning the battle, Soult stormed the city. In addition to 8,000 military casualties, large numbers of civilians died. Approximately half of these are thought to have died in the <a href="/wiki/Porto_Boat_Bridge_disaster" title="Porto Boat Bridge disaster">Porto Boat Bridge disaster</a>, when the city's only bridge, a pontoon bridge (or 'ponte de barcas'), was destroyed. </p><p>While Soult was in Porto, a detached French force operated to the east under the leadership of Major-General <a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri_Loison" title="Louis Henri Loison">Louis Loison</a>. Initially, this force included <a href="/wiki/General_of_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="General of Division">General of Division</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Delaborde" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Delaborde">Henri Delaborde</a>'s infantry division and Lorge's cavalry division. A Portuguese force under <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Silveira,_Count_of_Amarante" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Silveira, Count of Amarante">Francisco Silveira</a> captured the French garrison of <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chaves" title="Siege of Chaves">Chaves</a>, a border town on the river Minho, and blocked Soult's communications with Spain by blockading the area around <a href="/wiki/Amarante,_Portugal" title="Amarante, Portugal">Amarante</a>. </p><p>From 18 April to 3 May, the Portuguese held Loison on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2mega_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tâmega River">Tâmega</a> River. On the latter day, French engineers succeeded in disarming the explosives-rigged bridge so that Delaborde's infantry could cross it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998298–299_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998298–299-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By May 1809, however, Marshal Soult feared that he was outnumbered by the Anglo-Portuguese army under <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">General Arthur Wellesley</a>, which had advanced rapidly from <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> via <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>. Wellesley had been in command in Portugal for less than a month, but had immediately adopted an offensive strategy on his return from England. Soult was also concerned about his lines of communication and line of retreat. He stayed up late in Porto on 11 May drawing up plans for an orderly withdrawal to the north-east, back towards Spain. General of Division <a href="/wiki/Julien_Augustin_Joseph_Mermet" title="Julien Augustin Joseph Mermet">Julien Augustin Joseph Mermet</a>'s division had already been sent off with the baggage and the artillery park. Soult was in no great hurry to complete his withdrawal because he considered himself to be in a strong defensive position. The only bridge, a pontoon bridge between Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia, had been destroyed two months previously during the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">First Battle of Porto</a>. Soult's army had either destroyed or moved to the Porto side of the river all the boats from the opposite bank, and many of them were now moored on the north bank on the wharves of Ribeira, where they lay under guard by French troops. There were many such boats, in particular wine barges, because Porto was (and remains) the hub of the <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">port wine</a> trade, and many wine cellars were located in Vila Nova de Gaia (as they still are to this day). Soult believed that Wellesley's army could only cross the Douro downstream of Porto, and with great difficulty. To cover such a threat, Soult's troops were largely deployed to the west of the city, and he relied heavily on the river Douro (tidal, deep, fast-flowing and 200 yards wide in Porto) as a natural barrier. </p><p>Soult retained a total of 10,000 infantry and 1,200 cavalry in Porto. Delaborde's division included three battalions each of the 17th Light, 70th Line, and 86th Line Infantry Regiments. General of Division <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hugues_Victoire_Merle" title="Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle">Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle</a>'s division was composed of four battalions each of the 2nd and 4th Light Infantry Regiments, and three battalions of the 36th Line Infantry Regiment. General of Division <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Marie_Franceschi-Delonne" title="Jean Baptiste Marie Franceschi-Delonne">Jean Baptiste Marie Franceschi-Delonne</a>'s cavalry was made up of the 1st <a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">Hussar</a> Regiment, 8th <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">Dragoon</a> Regiment, and the 22nd and Hanoverian <a href="/wiki/Chasseurs_%C3%A0_Cheval" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasseurs à Cheval">Chasseurs à Cheval</a> Regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998302_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998302-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglo-Portuguese_advance">Anglo-Portuguese advance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anglo-Portuguese advance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After coming up from <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, the Anglo-Portuguese fought a skirmish with the French 10 miles south of Porto at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Battle of Grijó</a> on 11 May. Arriving the same day at <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Vila Nova de Gaia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> immediately opposite Porto, Wellesley was unable to cross the river. He positioned his army there, with his headquarters in the prominent convent <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Serra_do_Pilar" title="Monastery of Serra do Pilar">Monastery of Serra do Pilar</a> (Mosteiro da Nossa Serra do Pilar in Portuguese) on high ground on the south bank, level with the heights of Porto on the north bank. The monastery still stands, the dominant feature of the southern skyline viewed from Porto. </p><p>According to one historian, 18,400 men at Wellesley's command were organised thus:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> (LG) <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Payne-Gallwey,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Payne-Gallwey, 1st Baronet">William Payne</a>'s Cavalry Division <ul><li>1st Cavalry Brigade (MG Stapleton-Cotton; 14th LD (minus one sqn), 16th LD, 20th LD (2 sqns) and 3rd <a href="/wiki/King%27s_German_Legion" title="King's German Legion">King's German Legion</a> (KGL) LD (1 sqn))</li></ul></li> <li>LG <a href="/wiki/Edward_Paget" title="Edward Paget">Edward Paget</a>'s Division (5,145)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>1st KGL Brigade (<a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> (BG) Langwerth; 1st and 2nd KGL Line)</li> <li>3rd KGL Brigade (BG Dreiburg; 5th and 7th KGL Line)</li> <li>6th Brigade (BG R. Stewart; 29th, 1st Bn of Detachments and 1/16th Port. Line)</li></ul></li> <li>LG <a href="/wiki/John_Coape_Sherbrooke" title="John Coape Sherbrooke">John Coape Sherbrooke</a>'s Division (6,706)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>2nd Guards Brigade (BG <a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Campbell" title="Henry Frederick Campbell">Henry Frederick Campbell</a>; 1/Coldstream Gds and 1/3rd Guards)</li> <li>4th Brigade (BG Sontag; 97th, 2nd Bn of Detachments and 2/16th Port. Line)</li> <li>5th Brigade (BG A. Campbell; 2/7th, 2/53rd and 1/10th Port. Line)</li></ul></li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hill,_1st_Viscount_Hill" title="Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill">Rowland Hill</a>'s Division (4,370)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>1st Brigade (nominally MG Hill, in fact his senior Col.; 1/3rd, 2/48th and 2/66th)</li> <li>7th Brigade (BG A. Cameron; 2/9th, 2/83rd and 2/10th Port. Line)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>There were four 6-gun artillery batteries (RA: Sillery, Lawson. KGL: Tieling, Heise) under <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> (Col) Edward Howorth. One had 9-pounders, two had 6-pounders and one had 3-pounders. </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Glover_(historian)" title="Michael Glover (historian)">Michael Glover</a> stated that the order of battle was somewhat different. Glover lists the following organization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover1974372–373_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover1974372–373-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1st Guards Brigade: BG Henry F. Campbell, 2,292 (same as 2nd Brigade above)</li> <li>2nd Brigade: BG Alexander Campbell, 1,206 (same as 5th Brigade above)</li> <li>3rd Brigade: BG John Sontag, 1,307 (same as 4th Brigade above)</li> <li>4th Brigade MG Rowland Hill, 2,007 (same as 1st Brigade above)</li> <li>5th Brigade: BG Alan Cameron, 1,316 (same as 7th Brigade above)</li> <li>6th Brigade: BG Richard Stewart, 1,290 (same as above)</li> <li>7th Brigade: MG <a href="/wiki/John_Murray,_8th_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="John Murray, 8th Baronet">John Murray, 8th Baronet</a>, 2,913 (same as 1st and 3rd KGL Brigades above, plus detachments of 1st and 2nd KGL Light)</li> <li>Cavalry: MG Stapleton Cotton, 1,463 (same as above)</li> <li>Artillery: Col Edward Howorth, 24 guns (same as above)</li></ul> <p>Farther to the east, <a href="/wiki/William_Carr_Beresford" class="mw-redirect" title="William Carr Beresford">William Carr Beresford</a> (Marshal of the Portuguese army) led MG <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tilson_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Tilson (British Army officer)">Christopher Tilson's</a> British 3rd brigade (1,659 British and ca. 600 Portuguese grenadiers by 6 May morning state) and 5,000 Portuguese to link up with Silveira's force. They threatened Soult's line of retreat. MG Alex Randoll Mackenzie's British 2nd brigade and a large Portuguese force operated on the line of the Tagus river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Action">Action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From his position at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Serra_do_Pilar" title="Monastery of Serra do Pilar">Monastery of Serra do Pilar</a>, Wellesley observed on high ground on the north bank a mile east of the centre of Porto, outside the city walls, the diocesan <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> of Porto (sometimes referred to as the Bishop's Seminary). It was large, solidly constructed, three storeys high, and a potential fortifiable strongpoint. (The restored seminary building still stands today, in Largo do Padre Baltazar Guedes, and now houses the Porto Orphan's College; it bears a memorial plaque to the battle). Viewed through the telescope by British officers on the other side of the river, the seminary appeared not to have been fortified or manned by French troops. </p><p>On the morning of 12 May, Wellesley tasked Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Waters_(British_Army_officer,_born_1774)" title="John Waters (British Army officer, born 1774)">John Waters (British Army officer, born 1774)</a>, an enterprising officer who spoke Portuguese, with finding a means of crossing the river Douro upstream, east of Porto. On the river bank a few hundred yards upstream from the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Serra_do_Pilar" title="Monastery of Serra do Pilar">Monastery of Serra do Pilar</a>, he encountered a local barber, who led him to a small skiff, hidden by brush. On the north bank opposite, not far from the seminary, four wine barges were moored, seemingly unguarded. Colonel Waters took a small, unorthodox group consisting of the barber, a prior (as a guide) and a number of local boatmen across the 500-yard wide river in the skiff. Bends in the river and the topography of Porto meant that the crossing point was out of sight of French forces. Waters' little party brought back the four wine barges unobserved, along with confirmation that the seminary was indeed unoccupied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197494–95_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197494–95-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg/220px-Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg/330px-Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg/440px-Battle_of_the_Douro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>A map of the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>Informed of this godsend opportunity to cross the river and seize a fortifiable bridgehead on the opposite bank, Wellesley did not hesitate. He calmly said, "well, let the men cross". <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197494_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197494-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately, a platoon comprising a junior officer and 24 men from the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Foot">3rd Foot</a> crossed the river in one of the wine barges and occupied the seminary, which overlooked the landing site. They were swiftly followed by the rest of their company, and then the light company of the same battalion. By the time the French realised that Wellesley's forces were on the north bank, and endangering their eastern flank, the "Buffs" were fortifying their position, the rest of the battalion of the "Buffs" from Hill's brigade were crossing in a steady succession of wine barges, and the bridgehead force was under the command by of one of Wellesley's most respected officers, Major-General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Paget" title="Edward Paget">Edward Paget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECribb2021_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECribb2021-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soult, sleeping in after a late night planning his withdrawal, was initially unaware of these dramatic developments. <a href="/wiki/General_of_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="General of Brigade">General of Brigade</a> <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Sebastien_Foy" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilien Sebastien Foy">Maximilien Foy</a>, who was the first to become aware of the British crossing,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197494_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197494-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> requisitioned three battalions of the 17th Light Infantry and led an attack on the seminary at around 11:30 am. However, the seminary, manned and fortified, constituted a very strong defensive position, and Wellesley was also able to bring his artillery to bear from the garden of the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Serra_do_Pilar" title="Monastery of Serra do Pilar">Monastery of Serra do Pilar</a>, firing shrapnel with great effect. Foy was wounded and his troops beaten back with heavy losses. Later in the day, reinforced by three more battalions, the French attacked again. By this time, however, three more British battalions from across the river had bolstered the force occupying the seminary and surrounding buildings, and the French were defeated again. </p><p>Soult was faced with an enemy force in a strongly fortified bridgehead, outflanking him to the east, threatening his line of retreat, growing in strength all the time, via a crossing route he could not disrupt. In order to reinforce Foy in a desperate effort to retake the seminary before it was too late, he made a fateful decision. He transferred the troops which had been guarding the boats on the wharves of Ribeira in the centre of Porto to join the attack on the seminary, three quarters of a mile to the east. This proved disastrous. As soon as the French troops had marched away from the riverside, the people of Porto liberated their boats and set out across the river in "anything that would float" to the wharves of <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Vila Nova de Gaia</a> on the south bank. From there they ferried the waiting British troops back across the Douro in large numbers, into the heart of Porto. Four British battalions crossed immediately and, advancing in the direction of the seminary, attacked the French from the rear. This clinched the battle. The French broke and the army embarked on a headlong retreat from Porto, heading in disorder along the road towards <a href="/wiki/Valongo" title="Valongo">Valongo</a>, to the north-east. </p><p>In order to cut off a French retreat, Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Murray,_8th_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="John Murray, 8th Baronet">John Murray's</a> 2,900-man brigade, including the 14th Light Dragoons, had earlier been sent across the Douro at a ferry crossing five miles to the south-east of Porto, near <a href="/wiki/Avintes" title="Avintes">Avintes</a>. His force then marched north and reached a ridge looking down from the south onto the Valongo road, along which the retreating French army was being pursued north-eastwards by British infantry emerging from Porto. However, Murray seems to have considered his force too small to engage with a French force three to four times the size, even though it was in disorder. He therefore remained on his ridge, failing to block the French escape route, or even to open fire on the retreating army. However, one squadron of the 14th Light Dragoons, only 150 men, did speed after the retreating French. Its command had been spontaneously appropriated by General Charles Stewart (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane,_3rd_Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry">Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry</a>), a seasoned cavalry officer and Wellesley's adjutant-general, who had arrived shortly beforehand with messages from Wellesley to Murray. With Stewart at the head, the squadron charged the French rear-guard, which had formed up in a defensive position but broke in the face of the charge. About 300 French prisoners were captured. From the British squadron, three of the four officers were wounded, 10 men killed and 11 severely wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Action was then broken off, and the French army was able to continue its retreat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_(1)_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_%281%29_2009.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_%281%29_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_%281%29_2009.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_%281%29_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_%281%29_2009.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Porto_reenactment_%281%29_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1974" /></a><figcaption>Reenactment of the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>The British lost 125 men in all in the Second Battle of Porto. In the battle for the seminary, Wellesley's second-in-command, Major-General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Paget" title="Edward Paget">Edward Paget</a> had his arm shattered by a French bullet and it had to be amputated. In addition to 1800 captured, the French suffered 600 casualties, including Foy, who was wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998302_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998302-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soult's_retreat"><span id="Soult.27s_retreat"></span>Soult's retreat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soult's retreat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to Murray's error of judgement and the fact that the bulk of Wellesley's army were still on the other side of the Douro in <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Vila Nova de Gaia</a>, the French escaped on 12 May. However, Loison failed to clear Silveira's force away from Soult's planned path of retreat to the northeast, so Soult was compelled to abandon all his equipment and take footpaths over the hills to further to the west. Soult's and Loison's forces eventually met at <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>. </p><p>Marching by a more direct route, the British reached <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a> (northwest of Guimarães) before the French, which forced Soult to adjust his route of retreat back in a more easterly/north-easterly direction. Meanwhile, Beresford and Silveira were manoeuvring to block Soult's escape route in that direction. After escaping from several tight spots, Soult slipped away over the mountains, eventually reaching the safety of <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> in Spain. During the retreat, Soult's corps lost 4,500 men, its military chest and all of its 58 guns and baggage. He entered Spain with a much diminished force, roughly half the size it had been before the Second Battle of Porto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Iberia_in_revolt" title="Peninsular War">guerilla war</a> proceeded till the end of the Peninsular war. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Conventional_warfare" title="Peninsular War">Spanish conventional warfare</a> proceeded till the end of the Peninsular war. </p><p>Napoleon had ended <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Napoleon's_invasion_of_Spain" title="Peninsular War">his invasion of Spain</a> with the occupation of Madrid. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Second_Portuguese_campaign" title="Peninsular War">Second Portuguese campaign</a> had ended with the French retreat out of Portugal. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War#Spanish_campaign,_late_1809" title="Peninsular War">Spanish campaign in late 1809</a> started with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Battle of Talavera</a> with the British army back in Spain. </p><p>In recognition of his victories at Porto and Talavera, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington"> Sir Arthur Wellesley</a> was appointed Baron Douro of Wellesley. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908403_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewster1830132-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrewster1830132_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrewster1830">Brewster 1830</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFletcher1994">Fletcher 1994</a>, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998302-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998302_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998302_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998302_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1998">Smith 1998</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoores2019-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoores2019_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoores2019">Moores 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197496–97_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover1974">Glover 1974</a>, pp. 96–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998298–299-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998298–299_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1998">Smith 1998</a>, pp. 298–299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover1974372–373-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover1974372–373_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover1974">Glover 1974</a>, pp. 372–373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197494–95-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197494–95_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover1974">Glover 1974</a>, pp. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover197494-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197494_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover197494_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover1974">Glover 1974</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECribb2021-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECribb2021_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCribb2021">Cribb 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishbattles.com/peninsular-war/battle-of-the-douro/">"Battle of the Douro"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+the+Douro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishbattles.com%2Fpeninsular-war%2Fbattle-of-the-douro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodart1908" class="citation book cs1">Bodart, Gaston (1908). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ"><i>Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)</i></a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milit%C3%A4r-historisches+Kriegs-Lexikon+%281618-1905%29&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Bodart&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCribb2021" class="citation web cs1">Cribb, Marcus (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120042313/https://www.dukeofwellington.org/post/crossing-the-douro-wellington-amphibious-assault">"York's Military History of the Peninsular War"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dukeofwellington.org/post/crossing-the-douro-wellington-amphibious-assault">the original</a> on 20 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=York%27s+Military+History+of+the+Peninsular+War&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Cribb&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukeofwellington.org%2Fpost%2Fcrossing-the-douro-wellington-amphibious-assault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster1830" class="citation book cs1">Brewster, David (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QLVkuSgdGi8C"><i>The Edinburgh encyclopaedia</i></a>. Oxford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+encyclopaedia&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQLVkuSgdGi8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1994" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, Ian (1994). <i>Wellington's Regiments: The Men and Their Battles from Roliça to Waterloo, 1808-1815</i>. Spellmount. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781873376065" title="Special:BookSources/9781873376065"><bdi>9781873376065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wellington%27s+Regiments%3A+The+Men+and+Their+Battles+from+Roli%C3%A7a+to+Waterloo%2C+1808-1815&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781873376065&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover1974" class="citation book cs1">Glover, Michael (1974). <i>The Peninsular War 1807 – 1814, A Concise Military History</i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141390413" title="Special:BookSources/9780141390413"><bdi>9780141390413</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peninsular+War+1807+%E2%80%93+1814%2C+A+Concise+Military+History&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780141390413&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoores2019" class="citation web cs1">Moores, Graham (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605052942/http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/virtual/c_Oporto.html">"Battle of Oporto 1808 (The Crossing of the Douro)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/virtual/c_Oporto.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Oporto+1808+%28The+Crossing+of+the+Douro%29&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Moores&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon-series.org%2Fmilitary%2Fvirtual%2Fc_Oporto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1998" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Digby (1998). <i>The Napoleonic Wars Data Book</i>. London: Greenhill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85367-276-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85367-276-9"><bdi>1-85367-276-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+Wars+Data+Book&rft.pub=London%3A+Greenhill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85367-276-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Digby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Hickock, William; York, Edward. <i>York's Military History of the Peninsular War</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=York%27s+Military+History+of+the+Peninsular+War&rft.aulast=Hickock&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=York%2C+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Battle+of+Porto" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle of Porto is depicted by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Sharpe%27s_Havoc" title="Sharpe's Havoc">Sharpe's Havoc</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Scarrow" title="Simon Scarrow">Simon Scarrow</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Sword_(novel)" title="Fire and Sword (novel)">Fire and Sword</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Mallinson" title="Allan Mallinson">Allan Mallinson</a> in <i>An Act of Courage</i>, <a href="/wiki/Iain_Gale" title="Iain Gale">Iain Gale</a> in <i>Keane's Company</i> and by Martin McDowell in the historical novel <i>The Plains of Talavera</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Porto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Second_Battle_of_Porto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Second Battle of Porto">Second Battle of Porto</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Battle of Grijó</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>Napoleonic Wars</b><br />Second Battle of Porto </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%B6rgl" title="Battle of Wörgl">Battle of Wörgl</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Napoleonic_Wars" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template talk:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Napoleonic_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">Third Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Fourth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">Fifth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French Invasion of Russia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Seventh Coalition</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Belli-<br />gerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">France,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sister_republic" title="Sister republic">client states</a><br />and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_(Napoleonic_period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)">Polish Legions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era#Act_of_Mediation" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Swiss Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony#The_Napoleonic_Era_and_the_German_Confederation" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Spain under Joseph Bonaparte">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_forces_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars">Coalition<br />forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden#Swedish_Empire" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hanover" title="Electorate of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau#Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">French Royalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major<br />battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">18 Brumaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Duc d'Enghien Execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="Coronation of Napoleon">Coronation of Napoleon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1805</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diamond_Rock" title="Battle of Diamond Rock">Diamond Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1805)" title="Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wertingen" title="Battle of Wertingen">Wertingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_G%C3%BCnzburg" title="Battle of Günzburg">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haslach-Jungingen" title="Battle of Haslach-Jungingen">Haslach-Jungingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elchingen" title="Battle of Elchingen">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(1805)" title="Battle of Verona (1805)">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Caldiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ortegal" title="Battle of Cape Ortegal">Cape Ortegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amstetten" title="Battle of Amstetten">Amstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Dürenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1806</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1806)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1806)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Campo Tenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maida" title="Battle of Maida">Maida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schleiz" title="Battle of Schleiz">Schleiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saalfeld" title="Battle of Saalfeld">Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena%E2%80%93Auerstedt" title="Battle of Jena–Auerstedt">Jena–Auerstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Erfurt" title="Capitulation of Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halle" title="Battle of Halle">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Magdeburg_(1806)" title="Siege of Magdeburg (1806)">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prenzlau" title="Battle of Prenzlau">Prenzlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Pasewalk" title="Capitulation of Pasewalk">Pasewalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Stettin" title="Capitulation of Stettin">Stettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waren-Nossentin" title="Battle of Waren-Nossentin">Waren-Nossentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Battle of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1806)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1806)">Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hamelin" title="Siege of Hamelin">Hamelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Czarnowo" title="Battle of Czarnowo">Czarnowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Golymin" title="Battle of Golymin">Golymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pu%C5%82tusk_(1806)" title="Battle of Pułtusk (1806)">Pułtusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1807</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohrungen" title="Battle of Mohrungen">Mohrungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eylau" title="Battle of Eylau">Eylau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka_(1807)" title="Battle of Ostrołęka (1807)">Ostrołęka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1807)" title="Siege of Danzig (1807)">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sortie_of_Stralsund" title="Great Sortie of Stralsund">Stralsund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mileto" title="Battle of Mileto">Mileto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guttstadt-Deppen" title="Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen">Guttstadt-Deppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heilsberg" title="Battle of Heilsberg">Heilsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Friedland" title="Battle of Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stralsund_(1807)" title="Siege of Stralsund (1807)">Stralsund II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1807)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1807)">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Portugal_(1807)" title="Invasion of Portugal (1807)">Invasion of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1808</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising" title="Dos de Mayo Uprising">Dos de Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_El_Bruch" title="Battles of El Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Rosily_Squadron" title="Capture of the Rosily Squadron">Rosily Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cabez%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Cabezón">Cabezón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaragoza_(1808)" title="Siege of Zaragoza (1808)">1st Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valencia_(1808)" title="Battle of Valencia (1808)">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medina_de_Rioseco" title="Battle of Medina de Rioseco">Medina de Rioseco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roli%C3%A7a" title="Battle of Roliça">Roliça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimeiro" title="Battle of Vimeiro">Vimeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zornoza" title="Battle of Zornoza">Zornoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmaseda" title="Battle of Valmaseda">Valmaseda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Espinosa_de_los_Monteros" title="Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros">Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tudela" title="Battle of Tudela">Tudela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaragoza_(1809)" title="Siege of Zaragoza (1809)">2nd Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Battle of Sahagún">Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benavente" title="Battle of Benavente">Benavente</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1809</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ucl%C3%A9s_(1809)" title="Battle of Uclés (1809)">Uclés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Corunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valls" title="Battle of Valls">Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_Rebellion" title="Tyrolean Rebellion">Tyrolean Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villafranca_(1809)" title="Battle of Villafranca (1809)">Villafranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Los_Y%C3%A9benes" title="Battle of Los Yébenes">Yevenes/Yébenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Battle of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">1st Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medell%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Medellín">Medellín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bergisel" title="Battles of Bergisel">Bergisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sacile" title="Battle of Sacile">Sacile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Teugen-Hausen" title="Battle of Teugen-Hausen">Teugen-Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raszyn_(1809)" title="Battle of Raszyn (1809)">Raszyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abensberg" title="Battle of Abensberg">Abensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landshut_(1809)" title="Battle of Landshut (1809)">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eckm%C3%BChl" title="Battle of Eckmühl">Eckmühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ratisbon" title="Battle of Ratisbon">Ratisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neumarkt-Sankt_Veit" title="Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit">Neumarkt-Sankt Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Campaign_(1809)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmatian Campaign (1809)">Dalmatian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebelsberg" title="Battle of Ebelsberg">Ebelsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Girona_(Peninsular_War)" title="Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War)">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piave_River_(1809)" title="Battle of Piave River (1809)">Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Grijó</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%B6rgl" title="Battle of Wörgl">Wörgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarvis_(1809)" title="Battle of Tarvis (1809)">Tarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern-Essling" title="Battle of Aspern-Essling">Aspern-Essling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alca%C3%B1iz" title="Battle of Alcañiz">Alcañiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sankt_Michael" title="Battle of Sankt Michael">Sankt Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stralsund_(1809)" title="Battle of Stralsund (1809)">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raab_(1809)" title="Battle of Raab (1809)">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mar%C3%ADa" title="Battle of María">María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graz" title="Battle of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Wagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Korneuburg" title="Combat of Korneuburg">Korneuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Stockerau" title="Combat of Stockerau">Stockerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gefrees" title="Battle of Gefrees">Gefrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hollabrunn_(1809)" title="Battle of Hollabrunn (1809)">Hollabrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Combat of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Znaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice of Znaim">Armistice of Znaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Talavera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walcheren_Campaign" title="Walcheren Campaign">Walcheren Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%96lper_(1809)" title="Battle of Ölper (1809)">Ölper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almonacid" title="Battle of Almonacid">Almonacid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tamames" title="Battle of Tamames">Tamames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oca%C3%B1a" title="Battle of Ocaña">Ocaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alba_de_Tormes" title="Battle of Alba de Tormes">Alba de Tormes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1810</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Siege of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Astorga" title="Siege of Astorga">Astorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1810)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1810)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Barquilla_(1810)" title="Combat of Barquilla (1810)">Barquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_the_C%C3%B4a" title="Combat of the Côa">Côa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Almeida_(1810)" title="Siege of Almeida (1810)">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bussaco" title="Battle of Bussaco">Bussaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1811</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gebora" title="Battle of the Gebora">Gebora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barrosa" title="Battle of Barrosa">Barrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pombal" title="Battle of Pombal">Pombal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Redinha" title="Battle of Redinha">Redinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casal_Novo" title="Battle of Casal Novo">Casal Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Maior" title="Battle of Campo Maior">Campo Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabugal" title="Battle of Sabugal">Sabugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Almeida" title="Blockade of Almeida">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fuentes_de_O%C3%B1oro" title="Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro">Fuentes de Oñoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarragona_(1811)" title="Siege of Tarragona (1811)">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albuera" title="Battle of Albuera">Albuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Usagre" title="Battle of Usagre">Usagre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saguntum" title="Battle of Saguntum">Saguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arroyo_dos_Molinos" title="Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos">Arroyo dos Molinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valencia_(1812)" title="Siege of Valencia (1812)">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1812</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1812)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villagarcia" title="Battle of Villagarcia">Villagarcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almaraz" title="Battle of Almaraz">Almaraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguilla" title="Battle of Maguilla">Maguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mir_(1812)" title="Battle of Mir (1812)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ekau" title="Battle of Ekau">Ekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamanca" title="Battle of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garc%C3%ADa_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Battle of García Hernández">García Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltanovka" title="Battle of Saltanovka">Saltanovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrovno" title="Battle of Ostrovno">Ostrovno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitebsk_(1812)" title="Battle of Vitebsk (1812)">Vitebsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kobrin" title="Battle of Kobrin">Kobryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klyastitsy" title="Battle of Klyastitsy">Klyastitsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majadahonda" title="Battle of Majadahonda">Majadahonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorodechno" title="Battle of Gorodechno">Gorodechno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1812)" title="Battle of Smolensk (1812)">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="First Battle of Polotsk">1st Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valutino" title="Battle of Valutino">Valutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mesoten" title="Battle of Mesoten">Mesoten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Borodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Moscow" title="French occupation of Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Burgos" title="Siege of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarutino" title="Battle of Tarutino">Tarutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="Second Battle of Polotsk">2nd Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Venta_del_Pozo" title="Battle of Venta del Pozo">Venta del Pozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maloyaroslavets" title="Battle of Maloyaroslavets">Maloyaroslavets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chashniki" title="Battle of Chashniki">Chashniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyazma" title="Battle of Vyazma">Vyazma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smoliani" title="Battle of Smoliani">Smoliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnoi" title="Battle of Krasnoi">Krasnoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berezina" title="Battle of Berezina">Berezina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1813</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castalla" title="Battle of Castalla">Castalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Lützen (1813)">Lützen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Bautzen (1813)">Bautzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarragona_(1813)" title="Siege of Tarragona (1813)">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Luckau" title="Battle of Luckau">Luckau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Siege of San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Battle of the Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorauren" title="Battle of Sorauren">Sorauren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gro%C3%9Fbeeren" title="Battle of Großbeeren">Großbeeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Katzbach" title="Battle of the Katzbach">Katzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dresden" title="Battle of Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulm" title="Battle of Kulm">1st Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marcial" title="Battle of San Marcial">San Marcial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dennewitz" title="Battle of Dennewitz">Dennewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kulm" title="Second Battle of Kulm">2nd Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_G%C3%B6hrde" title="Battle of the Göhrde">Göhrde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Ro%C3%9Flau" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat of Roßlau">Roßlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wartenburg" title="Battle of Wartenburg">Wartenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bidassoa" title="Battle of the Bidassoa">Bidassoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanau" title="Battle of Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nivelle" title="Battle of Nivelle">Nivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bornh%C3%B6ved_(1813)" title="Battle of Bornhöved (1813)">Bornhöved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sehested" title="Battle of Sehested">Sehested</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1814</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brienne" title="Battle of Brienne">Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rothi%C3%A8re" title="Battle of La Rothière">La Rothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mincio_River_(1814)" title="Battle of the Mincio River (1814)">Mincio River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Champaubert" title="Battle of Champaubert">Champaubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montmirail" title="Battle of Montmirail">Montmirail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Thierry_(1814)" title="Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)">Château-Thierry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vauchamps" title="Battle of Vauchamps">Vauchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garris" title="Battle of Garris">Garris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mormant" title="Battle of Mormant">Mormant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montereau" title="Battle of Montereau">Montereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orthez" title="Battle of Orthez">Orthez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bar-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Bar-sur-Aube">Bar-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Laon" title="Battle of Laon">Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reims_(1814)" title="Battle of Reims (1814)">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craonne" title="Battle of Craonne">Craonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube">Arcis-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_F%C3%A8re-Champenoise" title="Battle of Fère-Champenoise">Fère-Champenoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Dizier" title="Battle of Saint-Dizier">Saint-Dizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(1814)" title="Battle of Toulouse (1814)">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayonne" title="Battle of Bayonne">Bayonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1815</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Panaro" title="Battle of the Panaro">Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Occhiobello" title="Battle of Occhiobello">Occhiobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carpi_(1815)" title="Battle of Carpi (1815)">Carpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casaglia" title="Battle of Casaglia">Casaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ronco" title="Battle of Ronco">Ronco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cesenatico" title="Battle of Cesenatico">Cesenatico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pesaro" title="Battle of Pesaro">Pesaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scapezzano" title="Battle of Scapezzano">Scapezzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tolentino" title="Battle of Tolentino">Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ancona" title="Siege of Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castel_di_Sangro" title="Battle of Castel di Sangro">Castel di Sangro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Germano" title="Battle of San Germano">San Germano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1815)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1815)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quatre_Bras" title="Battle of Quatre Bras">Quatre Bras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny" title="Battle of Ligny">Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wavre" title="Battle of Wavre">Wavre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocheserviere" title="Battle of Rocheserviere">Rocheserviere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Suffel" title="Battle of La Suffel">La Suffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocquencourt" title="Battle of Rocquencourt">Rocquencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Issy" title="Battle of Issy">Issy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Info</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French and ally<br />military and<br />political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Victor-Perrin,_Duc_de_Belluno" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno">Marshal Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Villeneuve" title="Pierre-Charles Villeneuve">Pierre-Charles Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Prince Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Prince Eugène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick I of Württemberg">Frederick I of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coalition<br />military and<br />political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hill,_1st_Viscount_Hill" title="Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill">Rowland Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Moore (British Army officer)">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Thomas Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lape%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Lapeña">Manuel Lapeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp,_Prince_of_Schwarzenberg" title="Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg">Prince von Schwarzenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly">Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levin_August_von_Bennigsen" title="Levin August von Bennigsen">Count Bennigsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wittgenstein" title="Peter Wittgenstein">Peter Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Gebhard von Blücher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Prince of Hohenlohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ricardo_de_%C3%81lava" title="Miguel Ricardo de Álava">Miguel de Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">Prince Regent John of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Pereira_Forjaz,_Count_of_Feira" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Pereira Forjaz, Count of Feira">Count of Feira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Prince Charles John of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796%E2%80%931808)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)">Anglo-Spanish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Swedish_War_(1810%E2%80%931812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)">Anglo-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_War_(1807%E2%80%931809)" title="Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)">Anglo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Wars_(Scandinavia)" title="English Wars (Scandinavia)">Anglo-Danish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_War" title="Gunboat War">Gunboat War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_of_1808%E2%80%931809" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809">Dano-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Swedish_War" title="Franco-Swedish War">Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)">Swedish–Norwegian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Campo Formio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Lunéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Artlenburg" title="Convention of Artlenburg">Artlenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Pressburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Finckenstein" title="Treaty of Finckenstein">Finckenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Tilsit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Cintra" title="Convention of Cintra">Cintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn" title="Treaty of Schönbrunn">Schönbrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1810)" title="Treaty of Paris (1810)">Paris (1810)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(24_February_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)">Paris (February 1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(14_March_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (14 March 1812)">Paris (March 1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Paris (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Tauroggen" title="Convention of Tauroggen">Tauroggen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ried" title="Treaty of Ried">Ried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaumont" title="Treaty of Chaumont">Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mantua" title="Convention of Mantua">Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Casalanza" title="Treaty of Casalanza">Casalanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">Fontainebleau (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1815)" title="Treaty of Paris (1815)">Paris (1815)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="List of books about the Napoleonic Wars">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars_casualties" title="Napoleonic Wars casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Erfurt" title="Congress of Erfurt">Congress of Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Dresden_(1812)" title="Conference of Dresden (1812)">Conference of Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_expects_that_every_man_will_do_his_duty" title="England expects that every man will do his duty">England expects that every man will do his duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Napoleonic_Wars_films" title="List of Napoleonic Wars films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_La_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Uniforms of La Grande Armée">Uniforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_House" title="Longwood House">Longwood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_military_forces_in_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Types of military forces in the Napoleonic Wars">Types of military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Porto_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Porto" title="Template:Porto"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Porto" title="Template talk:Porto"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Porto" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Porto"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Porto_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-prt1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pt-prt1.png/15px-Pt-prt1.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pt-prt1.png/23px-Pt-prt1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pt-prt1.png/30px-Pt-prt1.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="347" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Porto" title="Category:Culture in Porto">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Porto" title="Climate of Porto">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Porto" title="Category:Economy of Porto">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Porto" title="Category:Education in Porto">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto#Geography" title="Porto">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_District" title="Porto District">District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_metropolitan_area#Government" title="Porto metropolitan area">Metro Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Porto">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Porto" title="Timeline of Porto">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Porto" title="Category:Mass media in Porto">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Porto" title="Category:People from Porto">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto#Politics_and_government" title="Porto">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Porto" title="Category:Sport in Porto">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Porto" title="Category:Transport in Porto">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Porto" title="List of tourist attractions in Porto">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings<br />and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arr%C3%A1bida_Bridge" title="Arrábida Bridge">Arrábida Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beco_dos_Redemoinhos_Residence" title="Beco dos Redemoinhos Residence">Beco dos Redemoinhos Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanh%C3%A3_railway_station" title="Campanhã railway station">Campanhã railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrancas_Palace" title="Carrancas Palace">Carrancas Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_C%C3%A2mara" title="Casa da Câmara">Casa da Câmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dos_Maias" title="Casa dos Maias">Casa dos Maias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Tait" title="Casa Tait">Casa Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Vicent" title="Casa Vicent">Casa Vicent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Cathedral" title="Porto Cathedral">Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9rigos_Church" title="Clérigos Church">Clérigos Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Marists" title="College of the Marists">College of the Marists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_dos_Grilos" title="Igreja dos Grilos">Church of the Grilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Ildefonso" title="Church of Saint Ildefonso">Church of Saint Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_(Porto)" title="Church of São Francisco (Porto)">Church of São Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_da_Vit%C3%B3ria" title="Igreja de São Bento da Vitória">Church of São Bento da Vitória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_S%C3%A3o_Martinho_de_Cedofeita" title="Church of São Martinho de Cedofeita">Church of São Martinho de Cedofeita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Santa_Clara_(Porto)" title="Igreja de Santa Clara (Porto)">Church of Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_da_Cidade" title="Convent of Santo António da Cidade">Convent of Santo António da Cidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devesas_Factory_Warehouse" title="Devesas Factory Warehouse">Devesas Factory Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_Lu%C3%ADs_I_Bridge" title="Dom Luís I Bridge">Dom Luís I Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevador_da_Ribeira" title="Elevador da Ribeira">Elevador da Ribeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Club_of_Porto" title="English Club of Porto">English Club of Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Palace,_Porto" title="Episcopal Palace, Porto">Episcopal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_House" title="Factory House">Factory House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_Xavier" title="Fort of São Francisco Xavier">Fort of São Francisco Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freixo_Bridge" title="Freixo Bridge">Freixo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular_dos_Guindais" title="Funicular dos Guindais">Funicular dos Guindais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Dom_Henrique_Bridge" title="Infante Dom Henrique Bridge">Infante Dom Henrique Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadoorie_Synagogue" title="Kadoorie Synagogue">Kadoorie Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel-o-Anjo" title="Lighthouse of São Miguel-o-Anjo">Lighthouse of São Miguel-o-Anjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livraria_Lello" title="Livraria Lello">Livraria Lello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_Bridge" title="Maria Pia Bridge">Maria Pia Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Pedro_IV_(Porto)" title="Monument to Pedro IV (Porto)">Monument to Pedro IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_da_Bolsa" title="Palácio da Bolsa">Palácio da Bolsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_da_Justi%C3%A7a_(Porto)" title="Palácio da Justiça (Porto)">Palácio da Justiça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Freixo" title="Palácio do Freixo">Palácio do Freixo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacete_de_Belomonte" title="Palacete de Belomonte">Palacete de Belomonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Novo" title="Palace of São João Novo">Palace of São João Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacete_of_the_Visconts_of_Balsem%C3%A3o" title="Palacete of the Visconts of Balsemão">Palacete of the Visconts of Balsemão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_de_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o" title="Ponte de São João">Ponte de São João</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Convention_Centre" title="Porto Convention Centre">Porto Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_railway_station" title="São Bento railway station">São Bento railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Changes" title="She Changes">She Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_D._Pedro_Pit%C3%B5es" title="Tower of D. Pedro Pitões">Tower of D. Pedro Pitões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Pedro-Sem" title="Tower of Pedro-Sem">Tower of Pedro-Sem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernandine_Walls_of_Porto" title="Fernandine Walls of Porto">Fernandine Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chafariz_da_Colher" title="Chafariz da Colher">Chafariz da Colher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Lions_(Porto)" title="Fountain of the Lions (Porto)">Fountain of the Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Passeio_Alegre" title="Fountain of Passeio Alegre">Fountain of Passeio Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Rua_das_Taipas" title="Fountain of Rua das Taipas">Fountain of Rua das Taipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" title="Fountain of São Miguel">Fountain of São Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Virtues" title="Fountain of the Virtues">Fountain of the Virtues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries<br />and museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett_Library" title="Almeida Garrett Library">Almeida Garrett Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_Rua_de_D._Hugo" title="Casa da Rua de D. Hugo">Casa da Rua de D. Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Museu_Fernando_de_Castro" title="Casa Museu Fernando de Castro">Casa Museu Fernando de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-Museu_Marta_Ortig%C3%A3o_Sampaio" title="Casa-Museu Marta Ortigão Sampaio">Casa-Museu Marta Ortigão Sampaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-oficina_Ant%C3%B3nio_Carneiro" title="Casa-oficina António Carneiro">Casa-oficina António Carneiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Porto_Museum" title="FC Porto Museum">FC Porto Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-Museu_Guerra_Junqueiro" title="Casa-Museu Guerra Junqueiro">Casa-Museu Guerra Junqueiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_do_Infante" title="Casa do Infante">Casa do Infante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Library_of_Porto" title="Municipal Library of Porto">Municipal Library of Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Militar_do_Porto" title="Museu Militar do Porto">Museu Militar do Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Transport_and_Communication" title="Museum of Transport and Communication">Museum of Transport and Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Wine_Museum" title="Port Wine Museum">Port Wine Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Tram_Museum" title="Porto Tram Museum">Porto Tram Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Centre_of_Photography" title="Portuguese Centre of Photography">Portuguese Centre of Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serralves" title="Serralves">Serralves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soares_dos_Reis_National_Museum" title="Soares dos Reis National Museum">Soares dos Reis National Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performing arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_M%C3%BAsica" title="Casa da Música">Casa da Música</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Batalha_(Porto)" title="Cinema Batalha (Porto)">Cinema Batalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliseu_do_Porto" title="Coliseu do Porto">Coliseu do Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivoli_Theatre_(Portugal)" title="Rivoli Theatre (Portugal)">Rivoli Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_National_Theatre" title="São João National Theatre">São João National Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batalha_Square" title="Batalha Square">Batalha Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberdade_Square_(Porto)" title="Liberdade Square (Porto)">Liberdade Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Square" title="Ribeira Square">Ribeira Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_da_Boavista" title="Rotunda da Boavista">Rotunda da Boavista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuito_da_Boavista" title="Circuito da Boavista">Circuito da Boavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A3o_Arena" title="Dragão Arena">Dragão Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Bessa" title="Estádio do Bessa">Estádio do Bessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Drag%C3%A3o" title="Estádio do Dragão">Estádio do Dragão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Engenheiro_Vidal_Pinheiro" title="Estádio Engenheiro Vidal Pinheiro">Estádio Engenheiro Vidal Pinheiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oporto_Cricket_and_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club">Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bock_Arena" title="Super Bock Arena">Super Bock Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Life_Porto" title="Sea Life Porto">Sea Life Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Porto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Porto">Porto</a></b> at Wikimedia Commons . <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" 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