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<li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions_as_areas_of_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions_as_areas_of_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Regions as areas of administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions_as_areas_of_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolition_of_regional_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition_of_regional_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Abolition of regional institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition_of_regional_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ITL_1_statistical_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ITL_1_statistical_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ITL 1 statistical regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ITL_1_statistical_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Regions of England</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="أقاليم إنجلترا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أقاليم إنجلترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechions_d%27Anglaterra" title="Rechions d'Anglaterra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rechions d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexones_d%27Inglaterra" title="Rexones d'Inglaterra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rexones d'Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-l%C3%A2n_%C3%AA_t%C5%8Da-khu" title="Eng-lân ê tōa-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-lân ê tōa-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%96" title="Рэгіёны Англіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэгіёны Англіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Рэгіёны Ангельшчыны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэгіёны Ангельшчыны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Региони в Англия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Региони в Англия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regije_Engleske" title="Regije Engleske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Regije Engleske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rannvroio%C3%B9_Bro-Saoz" title="Rannvroioù Bro-Saoz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rannvroioù Bro-Saoz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_d%27Anglaterra" title="Regions d'Anglaterra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regions d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglick%C3%A9_regiony" title="Anglické regiony – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anglické regiony" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhanbarthau_Lloegr" title="Rhanbarthau Lloegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhanbarthau Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regioner_i_England" title="Regioner i England – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Regioner i England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_(England)" title="Region (England) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Region (England)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piirkond_(Inglismaa)" title="Piirkond (Inglismaa) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piirkond (Inglismaa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Περιφέρειες της Αγγλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιφέρειες της Αγγλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiones_de_Inglaterra" title="Regiones de Inglaterra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Regiones de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionoj_de_Anglio" title="Regionoj de Anglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regionoj de Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterrako_eskualdeak" title="Ingalaterrako eskualdeak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingalaterrako eskualdeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ناحیه‌های انگلستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناحیه‌های انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_d%27Angleterre" title="Région d'Angleterre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région d'Angleterre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio%27s_fan_Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Regio's fan Ingelân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Regio's fan Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9igi%C3%BAn_Shasana" title="Réigiún Shasana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réigiún Shasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3ns_de_Inglaterra" title="Rexións de Inglaterra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexións de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="잉글랜드의 지역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잉글랜드의 지역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="इंग्लैंड के क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंग्लैंड के क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regije_Engleske" title="Regije Engleske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Regije Engleske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_di_Inggris" title="Region di Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Region di Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regioni_dell%27Inghilterra" title="Regioni dell'Inghilterra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regioni dell'Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="אזורי אנגליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזורי אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoa_ya_Uingereza" title="Mikoa ya Uingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mikoa ya Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiones_Angliae_1994-2011" title="Regiones Angliae 1994-2011 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regiones Angliae 1994-2011" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijas_re%C4%A3ioni" title="Anglijas reģioni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anglijas reģioni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijos_regionai" title="Anglijos regionai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglijos regionai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3i" title="Anglia régiói – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anglia régiói" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Региони во Англија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Региони во Англија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="इंग्लंडचे प्रदेश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंडचे प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasan_di_England" title="Kawasan di England – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kawasan di England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiones_de_la_Anglaterra" title="Regiones de la Anglaterra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Regiones de la Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio%27s_van_Engeland" title="Regio's van Engeland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Regio's van Engeland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="リージョン (イングランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リージョン (イングランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englands_regioner" title="Englands regioner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Englands regioner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionar_i_England" title="Regionar i England – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Regionar i England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiony_Anglii" title="Regiony Anglii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Regiony Anglii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B5es_da_Inglaterra" title="Regiões da Inglaterra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Regiões da Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunile_Angliei" title="Regiunile Angliei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunile Angliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa_suyup_riqyunkuna" title="Inlispampa suyup riqyunkuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlispampa suyup riqyunkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Регионы Англии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Регионы Англии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajonet_e_Anglis%C3%AB" title="Rajonet e Anglisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rajonet e Anglisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Regions of England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="انگلينڊ جا خطا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگلينڊ جا خطا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ناوچەکانی ئینگلتەرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوچەکانی ئینگلتەرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Регије Енглеске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Регије Енглеске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleske_regije" title="Engleske regije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleske regije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englannin_alueet" title="Englannin alueet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englannin alueet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englands_regioner" title="Englands regioner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Englands regioner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภูมิภาคของประเทศอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิภาคของประเทศอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngiltere%27nin_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="İngiltere'nin bölgeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngiltere'nin bölgeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97" title="Регіони Англії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Регіони Англії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انگلستان کے علاقہ جات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگلستان کے علاقہ جات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_c%E1%BB%A7a_Anh" title="Vùng của Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng của Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_(Iengeland)" title="Regio (Iengeland) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Regio (Iengeland)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid 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width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Highest tier of sub-national division in England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Regions of England</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BLANK_in_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BLANK_in_England.svg/250px-BLANK_in_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BLANK_in_England.svg/375px-BLANK_in_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BLANK_in_England.svg/500px-BLANK_in_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="991" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Statistical regions</li> <li>Administrative region (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1994</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Number</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>9 regions</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Additional status</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITL_1_statistical_regions_of_England" title="ITL 1 statistical regions of England">ITL 1 region</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">European constituency</a> (1999–2020)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Populations</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2,669,941–9,180,135</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Areas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1,572–23,836 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_authority_leaders%27_board" title="Local authority leaders' board">Local authority leaders' board</a> (5)</li><li>Elected assembly (<a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">1</a>)</li><li>None (3)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap">Two-tier <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan county</a> (21)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a> (6)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority area</a> (62)</li><li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs#List_of_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough</a> (32 Greater London, 1, City Of London)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">a series</a> within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/130px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/195px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/260px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir Apparent</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2024–present)">MPs for England Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Affairs_Committee" title="Regional Affairs Committee">Regional Affairs Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_England" title="Elections in England">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">UK General Elections in England</div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in England">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in England">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in England">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1992 United Kingdom general election in England">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1997 United Kingdom general election in England">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2001 United Kingdom general election in England">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in England">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in England">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2015 United Kingdom general election in England">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2017 United Kingdom general election in England">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2019 United Kingdom general election in England">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2024 United Kingdom general election in England">2024</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England_and_Wales" title="Judiciary of England and Wales">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-on-the-Bench" class="mw-redirect" title="King-on-the-Bench">King-on-the-Bench</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed of Allermuir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">Combined authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_Council_for_England" title="Mayoral Council for England">Mayoral Council for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Category</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_England" title="Template talk:Politics of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>regions of England</b>, formerly known as the <b>government office regions</b>, are the highest tier of sub-national division in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. They were established in 1994<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and follow the 1974–96 county borders. They are a continuation of the former 1940s <a href="/wiki/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England#Standard_statistical_regions" title="Historical and alternative regions of England">standard regions</a> which followed the 1889–1974 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">administrative county</a> borders. Between 1994 and 2011, all nine regions had partly <a href="/wiki/Devolved" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved">devolved</a> functions; they no longer fulfil this role, continuing to be used for limited statistical purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the UK was a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, they defined areas (<a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom">constituencies</a>) for the purposes of elections to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> also used them to demarcate <a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions</a> ("NUTS 1 regions") within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, which in 2021 were superseded by <a href="/wiki/International_Territorial_Level" title="International Territorial Level">International Territorial Level</a> (ITL) regions ("ITL 1 regions"). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/London_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="London Region">London Region</a> has a directly elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">Assembly</a>. Six regions have <a href="/wiki/Local_authority_leaders%27_board" title="Local authority leaders' board">local authority leaders' boards</a> to assist with correlating the headline policies of local authorities. The remaining two regions no longer have any administrative functions, having abolished their regional local authority leaders' boards. </p><p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Regional_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional chamber">regional chambers</a> were established in the eight regions outside London, which produced strategic plans and recommendations to local authorities. Each of the regions also had an associated (central) <a href="/wiki/Government_Offices_for_the_English_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Offices for the English Regions">Government Office</a> with some responsibility for coordinating policy, and, from 2007, a part-time <a href="/wiki/Regional_minister" title="Regional minister">regional minister</a> within the Government. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_committees_of_the_United_Kingdom_Parliament#Regional" class="mw-redirect" title="List of committees of the United Kingdom Parliament">regional Select Committees</a> were established in 2009. However, the chambers and select committees were abolished in May 2010, restoring these functions to the main tier of local government,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with limited functions transferred to the regional local authority leaders' boards created in 2009. Regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Coalition Government</a>, and the Government Offices were abolished in 2011. </p><p>From 2011, <a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authorities">combined authorities</a> have been introduced in some <a href="/wiki/City_region_(United_Kingdom)" title="City region (United Kingdom)">city regions</a>, with similar responsibilities to the former regional chambers (and in some cases, replacing a regional local authority leaders' board on a smaller scale), but which also receive additional delegated functions from central government relating to transport and economic policy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Regional_development_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional development agencies">Regional development agencies</a> were public bodies established in all nine regions in 1998 to promote economic development. They had certain delegated functions, including administering European Union regional development funds, and received funding from the central government as well. These were abolished in 2012, with statutory functions returning to local authorities and central government; however, smaller scale <a href="/wiki/Local_enterprise_partnership" title="Local enterprise partnership">local enterprise partnerships</a> were voluntarily established to take on some functions relating to coordinating economic priorities and development. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England" title="Historical and alternative regions of England">Historical and alternative regions of England</a></div> <p>After about 500 AD, England comprised seven <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> territories—<a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_East_Angles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the East Angles">East Anglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>—often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Heptarchy" title="Heptarchy">heptarchy</a>. The boundaries of some of these, which later unified as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, roughly coincide with those of modern regions. During <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>'s Protectorate in the 1650s, the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Major-Generals" title="Rule of the Major-Generals">rule of the Major-Generals</a> created 10 regions in England and Wales of similar size to the modern regions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proposals for administrative regions within <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> were mooted by the British government prior to the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. In 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_Act_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule Act 1914">Third Home Rule Bill</a> was passing through parliament. The Bill was expected to introduce a devolved parliament for Ireland, and as a consequence calls were made for similar structures to be introduced in Great Britain or "Home Rule All Round". On 12 September the <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, gave a speech in which he proposed 10 or 12 regional parliaments for the United Kingdom. Within England, he suggested that London, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the Midlands would make <a href="/wiki/Natural_region" title="Natural region">natural regions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the creation of regional parliaments never became official policy, it was for a while widely anticipated and various schemes for dividing England devised.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1930s, several competing systems of regions were adopted by central government for such purposes as census of population, agriculture, electricity supply, civil defence and the regulation of road traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine "standard regions" were set up in 1946, in which central government bodies, statutory undertakings and regional bodies were expected to cooperate.<sup id="cite_ref-balchin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balchin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these had declined in importance by the late 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-wannop_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wannop-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Creation of some form of provinces or regions for England was an intermittent theme of post-<a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> British governments. The <a href="/wiki/Redcliffe-Maud_Report" title="Redcliffe-Maud Report">Redcliffe-Maud Report</a> proposed the creation of eight provinces in England, which would see power devolved from central government. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>'s administration in the 1970s did not create a regional structure in the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, waiting for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom)">Royal Commission on the Constitution</a>, after which government efforts were concentrated on a constitutional settlement in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> for the rest of the decade. In England, the majority of the Commission "suggested regional coordinating and advisory councils for England, consisting largely of indirectly elected representatives of local authorities and operating along the lines of the Welsh advisory council". One-fifth of the advisory councils would be nominees from central government. The boundaries suggested were the "eight now [in 1973] existing for economic planning purposes, modified to make boundaries to conform with the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">new county structure</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A minority report by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Crowther-Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Crowther-Hunt">Lord Crowther-Hunt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_T._Peacock" title="Alan T. Peacock">Alan T. Peacock</a> suggested instead seven regional assemblies and governments within Great Britain (five within England), which would take over substantial amounts of the central government.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some elements of <a href="/wiki/Regional_planning_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional planning in England">regional development and economic planning</a> began to be established in England from the mid-1960s onwards. In most of the standard regions, Economic Planning Councils and Boards were set up, comprising appointed members from local authorities, business, trade unions and universities, and in the early 1970s, these produced a number of regional and sub-regional planning studies.<sup id="cite_ref-balchin_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balchin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These institutions continued to operate until they were abolished by the incoming <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Government_1979-1983" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Government 1979-1983">Conservative government</a> in 1979. However, by the mid-1980s local authorities in most regions had jointly established standing conferences to consider regional planning issues. Regional initiatives were bolstered by the 1986 Government <a href="/wiki/Green_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Paper">Green Paper</a> and 1989 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="White Paper">White Paper</a> on <i>The Future of Development Plans</i>, which proposed the introduction of strong regional guidance within the planning system,<sup id="cite_ref-balchin_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balchin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the Government's issuing of Strategic Guidance at a regional level, from 1986 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-wannop_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wannop-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions_as_areas_of_administration">Regions as areas of administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regions as areas of administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1994, the <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> ministry created a set of ten Government Office Regions for England. Prior to 1994, although various central government departments had different regional offices, the regions they used tended to be different and <i>ad hoc</i>. The stated purpose was as a way of co-ordinating the various regional offices more effectively: they initially involved the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)">Department of Trade and Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Employment">Department of Employment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department of Transport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for the Environment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>'s victory in the <a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997 general election</a>, the government created <a href="/wiki/Regional_development_agency" title="Regional development agency">regional development agencies</a>. Around a decade later the Labour administration also founded the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Improvement_and_Efficiency_Partnership" title="Regional Improvement and Efficiency Partnership">Regional Improvement and Efficiency Partnerships</a> (RIEPs) with £185m of devolved funding to enhance councils' capacity to improve and take the lead in their own improvement. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> encouraged the creation of regional boundaries for selection of members for the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of the Regions">Committee of the Regions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> had each constituted a region, but England represents such a large proportion of the population of the United Kingdom that further division was thought necessary. The English regions, which initially numbered ten, also replaced the <a href="/wiki/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England" title="Historical and alternative regions of England">Standard Statistical Regions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> originally constituted a region in itself, but in 1998 it was merged into the <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a> region, creating the nine present-day regions.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nine regions were used as England's <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> constituencies from 1999 until Britain's <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">departure from the European Union</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as statistical <a href="/wiki/NUTS:UK" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS:UK">NUTS</a> level 1 regions. Since 1 July 2006, there have also been ten <a href="/wiki/Strategic_health_authority" title="Strategic health authority">strategic health authorities</a>, each of which corresponds to a region, except for <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a>, which is divided into western and eastern parts. </p> <div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 370px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/English_regions_2009.svg/370px-English_regions_2009.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="449" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/English_regions_2009.svg/555px-English_regions_2009.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/English_regions_2009.svg/740px-English_regions_2009.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:347.35px; top:4.95px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_regions_2009.svg" title="about this map"><img alt="about this map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/20px-Circle-information.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/30px-Circle-information.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/40px-Circle-information.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:282.6px; top:269.5px"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of<br />England</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:264.1px; top:317.6px"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:227.1px; top:350.9px"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:101.3px; top:362px"><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:227.1px; top:214px"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East<br />Midlands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:171.6px; top:239.9px"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West<br />Midlands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:201.2px; top:132.6px"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and<br />the Humber</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186.4px; top:58.6px"><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North<br />East</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:149.4px; top:101.15px"><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North<br />West</a></div> </div> <p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Regional_assembly_(England)" title="Regional assembly (England)">regional chambers</a> were created in the eight English regions outside London under the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Development_Agencies_Act_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Development Agencies Act 1998">Regional Development Agencies Act 1998</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The powers of the assemblies were limited, and members were appointed, largely by local authorities, rather than being directly elected. The functions of the English regions were essentially devolved to them from Government departments or were taken over from pre-existing regional bodies, such as regional planning conferences and regional employers' organisations. Each assembly also made proposals for the UK members of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of the Regions">Committee of the Regions</a>, with members drawn from the elected councillors of the local authorities in the region. The final nominations were made by central government.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they were publicly funded, one of the Regional Assemblies claimed not to be a public authority and therefore not subject to the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_2000" title="Freedom of Information Act 2000">Freedom of Information Act 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As power was to be devolved to Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales without corresponding devolution in England, a series of <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a> were planned to establish elected regional assemblies in some of the regions. The first was held in <a href="/wiki/1998_London_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 London referendum">London in 1998</a> and was passed. The <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> were created in 2000. A <a href="/wiki/2004_Northern_England_referendums" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Northern England referendums">referendum</a> was held in North East England on 4 November 2004, but the proposal for an elected assembly was rejected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_of_regional_institutions">Abolition of regional institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Abolition of regional institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, a Treasury Review for new Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> recommended that greater powers should be given to local authorities and that the Regional Chambers should be phased out of existence by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, nine <a href="/wiki/Regional_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Minister">Regional Ministers</a> were appointed by the incoming <a href="/wiki/Brown_ministry" title="Brown ministry">Brown ministry</a>. Their primary goal was stated as being to improve communication between central government and the regions of England.<sup id="cite_ref-gos_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gos-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assemblies were effectively replaced by smaller <a href="/wiki/Local_authority_leaders%27_board" title="Local authority leaders' board">local authority leaders' boards</a> between 2008 and 2010, and formally abolished on 31 March 2010, as part of a "Sub-National Review of Economic Development and Regeneration". Most of their functions transferred to the relevant <a href="/wiki/Regional_development_agency" title="Regional development agency">regional development agency</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Local_authority_leaders%27_board" title="Local authority leaders' board">local authority leaders' boards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2010, the incoming <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Coalition Government</a> announced its intentions to abolish regional strategies and return spatial planning powers to local government. These plans include the withdrawal of funding to the existing eight Local Authority Leaders' Boards, with their statutory functions also being assumed by local councils. The boards in most cases continue to exist as voluntary associations of council leaders, funded by the local authorities themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No appointments as Regional Ministers were made by the incoming UK government in 2010. </p><p>These changes did not affect the directly elected <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, which was established by separate legislation as part of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a>. In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> remains administered by the Greater London Authority, which consists of an elected <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> and a separately elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a>. </p><p>Following the abolition of the Government Offices in 2011, it was announced that the former Government Office Regions (GOR) would henceforth be known, for the purposes of statistical analysis, simply as Regions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_regions">List of regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Population of England by region (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Region </th> <th rowspan="2">GSS code </th> <th rowspan="2">ITL code </th> <th colspan="2">Land area </th> <th colspan="3">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>(%) </th> <th>People </th> <th>(%) </th> <th>Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000001 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLC </td> <td>8,581 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000658506638017036♠" style="display:none"></span>7% </td> <td>2,683,040 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000469831769112805♠" style="display:none"></span>5% </td> <td>313 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000002 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLD </td> <td>14,108 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001108264906760801♠" style="display:none"></span>11% </td> <td>7,516,113 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001131615953084626♠" style="display:none"></span>13% </td> <td>533 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000003 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLE </td> <td>15,404 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001118210421303046♠" style="display:none"></span>12% </td> <td>5,541,262 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000970339960856925♠" style="display:none"></span>10% </td> <td>360 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000004 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLF </td> <td>15,624 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001119898703092625♠" style="display:none"></span>12% </td> <td>4,934,939 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000864165692957906♠" style="display:none"></span>9% </td> <td>316 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000005 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLG </td> <td>12,998 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000997467577315631♠" style="display:none"></span>10% </td> <td>6,021,653 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001105446205869962♠" style="display:none"></span>11% </td> <td>463 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000006 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLH </td> <td>19,116 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001146696339498119♠" style="display:none"></span>15% </td> <td>6,398,497 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001112045186250409♠" style="display:none"></span>11% </td> <td>335 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000007 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLI </td> <td>1,572 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000120635407873532♠" style="display:none"></span>1% </td> <td>8,866,180 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001155257209533684♠" style="display:none"></span>16% </td> <td>5,640 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000008 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLJ </td> <td>19,072 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001146358683140204♠" style="display:none"></span>15% </td> <td>9,379,833 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001164251875945669♠" style="display:none"></span>16% </td> <td>492 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000009 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLK </td> <td>23,836 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001182917657892717♠" style="display:none"></span>18% </td> <td>5,764,881 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100949827022884♠" style="display:none"></span>10% </td> <td>242 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">England </th> <th style="text-align:left;">E92000001 </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;">130,310 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100% </th> <th style="text-align:right;">57,106,398 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100% </th> <th style="text-align:right;">438 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>GVA and GDP of England by region (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_GVA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_GVA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ONS_GDP_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_GDP-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Region </th> <th rowspan="2">GSS code </th> <th rowspan="2">ITL code </th> <th rowspan="2">Population </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">GVA</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total<br />(£ billions) </th> <th>Per capita (£) </th> <th>Total<br />(£ billions) </th> <th>Per capita (£) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000001 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLC </td> <td>2,646,772 </td> <td>£56.5 </td> <td>£21,340 </td> <td>£65.0 </td> <td>£24,575 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000002 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLD </td> <td>7,422,295 </td> <td>£196.0 </td> <td>£26,411 </td> <td>£220.3 </td> <td>£29,681 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000003 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLE </td> <td>5,481,431 </td> <td>£133.4 </td> <td>£24,330 </td> <td>£151.8 </td> <td>£27,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000004 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLF </td> <td>4,880,094 </td> <td>£118.4 </td> <td>£24,261 </td> <td>£134.2 </td> <td>£27,505 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000005 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLG </td> <td>5,954,240 </td> <td>£146.1 </td> <td>£24,530 </td> <td>£164.6 </td> <td>£27,649 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000006 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLH </td> <td>6,348,096 </td> <td>£171.4 </td> <td>£26,995 </td> <td>£193.3 </td> <td>£30,442 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000007 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLI </td> <td>8,796,628 </td> <td>£487.4 </td> <td>£55,412 </td> <td>£526.5 </td> <td>£59,855 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000008 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLJ </td> <td>9,294,023 </td> <td>£301.5 </td> <td>£32,443 </td> <td>£336.2 </td> <td>£36,174 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">E12000009 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">TLK </td> <td>5,712,840 </td> <td>£149.8 </td> <td>£26,219 </td> <td>£169.3 </td> <td>£29,628 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">England </th> <th style="text-align:left;">E92000001 </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;">56,536,419 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£1,760.4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£31,138 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£1,961.2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">£34,690 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ITL_1_statistical_regions">ITL 1 statistical regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ITL 1 statistical regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/ITL_1_statistical_regions_of_England" title="ITL 1 statistical regions of England">ITL 1 statistical regions of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Territorial_Level" title="International Territorial Level">International Territorial Level</a></div> <p>International Territorial Level (ITL) is a <a href="/wiki/Geocode" title="Geocode">geocode</a> standard for referencing the subdivisions of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> for statistical purposes, used by the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> (ONS). Between 2003 and 2021, as part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Statistical_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Statistical System">European Statistical System</a>, the geocode <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standard</a> used for the United Kingdom were <i><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics</a></i> or <i>NUTS</i>. The NUTS code for the UK was <i>UK</i> and the NUTS standard had hierarchy of three levels, with 12 <a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">first level</a> regions, which are currently mirrored by the ITL classification, of which 9 regions are in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The sub-structure corresponds to <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> within the country. Formerly, the further NUTS divisions IV and V existed; these have now been replaced by <b>Local Administrative Units</b> (LAU-1 and LAU-2 respectively). Between 1994 and 2011, the nine regions had an administrative role in the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the UK">UK Government</a> policy, and as the areas covered by (mostly indirectly) elected bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions of England</a></div> <p>Local government in England does not follow a uniform structure. Therefore, each region is divided into a range of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">further subdivisions</a>. London is divided into <a href="/wiki/London_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London boroughs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, while the other regions are divided into <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan counties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shire_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire county">shire counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authorities</a>. Counties are further divided into <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">districts</a> and some areas are also yet further divided into <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a>. Regions are also divided into sub-regions, which usually group socio-economically linked local authorities together. However, the sub-regions have no official status and are little used other than for strategic planning purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7448/1622442.pdf">Local government geography and history</a>, Department for Communities and Local Government. Retrieved 23 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about">"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)"</a>. <i>Open Geography Portal</i>. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Geography+Portal&rft.atitle=A+Beginners+Guide+to+UK+Geography+%282023%29&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fa-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegions+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm100527/debtext/100527-0001.htm#10052726000005">"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 27 May 2010 (pt 0001)"</a>. Publications.parliament.uk. 27 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+Hansard+Debates+for+27+May+2010+%28pt+0001%29&rft.pub=Publications.parliament.uk&rft.date=2010-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201011%2Fcmhansrd%2Fcm100527%2Fdebtext%2F100527-0001.htm%2310052726000005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegions+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Little, Patrick (2012). "Major-generals (act. 1655–1657)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F95468">10.1093/ref:odnb/95468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Major-generals+%28act.+1655%E2%80%931657%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F95468&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegions+of+England" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Local Parliaments For England. Mr. Churchill's Outline of a Federal System, Ten Or Twelve Legislatures</i>, The Times, 13 September 1912, p.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. K. Peatling, "Home Rule for England, English Nationalism, and Edwardian Debates about Constitutional Reform" in "Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies", Vol. 35, No. 1. (Spring, 2003), pp.71–90. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4054518">4054518</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1917 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a> debated a paper by C.B. Fawcett that detailed 12 provinces he considered to be the "natural divisions of England". Detailed boundaries were proposed with regional capitals designated on the basis of the possession of universities or university colleges. C. B. Fawcett, <i>Natural Divisions of England</i> in <i>The Geographical Journal</i>, Vol. 49, No. 2. (February 1917), pp. 124–135 <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1779341">1779341</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1919 Fawcett expanded his paper into a book entitled the <i>Provinces of England</i>, and a similar system of regions was proposed by G.D.H. Cole in <i>The Future of Local Government</i> in 1921. In 1920 the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Health</a> published its own proposals for 15 provinces, subdivided into 59 regions <a href="/wiki/E._W._Gilbert" class="mw-redirect" title="E. W. Gilbert">E. W. Gilbert</a>, <i>Practical Regionalism in England and Wales</i> in <i>The Geographical Journal</i>, Vol. 94, No. 1. (July 1939), pp. 29–44. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1788587">1788587</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. W. Gilbert, "Practical Regionalism in England and Wales" in "The Geographical Journal", Vol. 94, No. 1. (July 1939), pp. 29–44. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1788587">1788587</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balchin-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-balchin_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-balchin_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-balchin_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j14KIB-3wxYC&q=regional+planning+wannop">Paul N. Balchin and Luděk Sýkora, <i>Regional Policy and Planning in Europe</i>, Routledge, 1999</a>, pp.89–100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wannop-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wannop_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wannop_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tc-e1Hjn4XsC&q=regional+planning+england+1973">Urlan Wannop, <i>Regional Imperative: Regional Planning and Governance in Britain, Europe and the United States</i>, Routledge, 2002</a>, pp.8–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitehall powers would go to Scotland, Wales and regions, but no full self-government. The Times. 1 November 1973.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">More freedom for Scots, Welsh in proposals to region regions. The Times. 1 November 1973.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dissenters urge plan for seven assemblies. The Times. 1 November 1973.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Devolution and British Politics. Chapter 10. English regional government</i>: Christopher Stevens</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020607114720/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/gor.asp">"National Statistics - geography - government office regions (GOR)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a></i>. 10 May 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/gor.asp">the original</a> on 7 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government in the United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of local government in the United Kingdom">History</a></li> <li>Subdivisions: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shrievalties" title="List of shrievalties">Shrievalties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_area" title="Lieutenancy area">Lieutenancy areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of counties of the United Kingdom">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">home</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Local government in England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authorities">Combined authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">Local government in Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland#History" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li>Subdivisions: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Counties of Northern Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Northern Ireland">Districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government in Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">Sheriffdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_areas_of_Scotland" title="Lieutenancy areas of Scotland">Lieutenancy areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">Council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_council_areas_in_Scotland" title="List of community council areas in Scotland">Community council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Scotland" title="List of civil parishes in Scotland">Civil parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">Historic counties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government in Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Wales" title="Subdivisions of Wales">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Preserved_counties_of_Wales" title="Preserved counties of Wales">Preserved counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">Principal areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Wales" title="List of communities in Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Joint_Committee" title="Corporate Joint Committee">Corporate Joint Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Subdivisions_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Template:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Subdivisions_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a> <ul><li>sui generis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&oldid=1256602849">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regions_of_England&oldid=1256602849</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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