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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subdivisions on the basis of region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subdivisions_on_the_basis_of_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subdivisions on the basis of region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions_on_the_basis_of_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cryofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cryofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cryptofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryptofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cryptofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryptofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epifauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epifauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Epifauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epifauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Infauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limnofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limnofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Limnofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limnofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macrofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macrofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Macrofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macrofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Megafauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Megafauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Megafauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Megafauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meiofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meiofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Meiofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meiofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Mesofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microfauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microfauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Microfauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microfauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stygofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stygofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Stygofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stygofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troglofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troglofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Troglofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troglofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xenofauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xenofauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Xenofauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xenofauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Treatises</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Treatises-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Treatises subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Treatises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classic_faunas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classic_faunas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Classic faunas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classic_faunas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fauna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مجموعة حيوانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة حيوانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymba%27aty" title="Tymba'aty – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tymba'aty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_(zoologiya)" title="Fauna (zoologiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fauna (zoologiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="প্রাণিকুল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাণিকুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фаўна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фаўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фаўна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фаўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomastik" title="Loomastik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Loomastik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Πανίδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C5%ADno_(biologio)" title="Faŭno (biologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Faŭno (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیاگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیاگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faune_(biologie)" title="Faune (biologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Faune (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%EC%83%81" title="동물상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동물상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Ֆաունա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆաունա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="प्राणिजात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राणिजात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1na" title="Fána – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fána" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="פאונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფაუნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფაუნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9ierewelt" title="Déierewelt – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Déierewelt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Fauna (biológia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fauna (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3" title="ഫോണ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫോണ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფაუნა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფაუნა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_(overzichtswerk)" title="Fauna (overzichtswerk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fauna (overzichtswerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="動物相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="動物相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_(biologia)" title="Fauna (biologia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fauna (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="فانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faun%C4%83" title="Faună – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Faună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="සත්ත්‍ව සංහතිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සත්ත්‍ව සංහතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گیانلەبەران – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیانلەبەران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4imist%C3%B6" title="Eläimistö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eläimistö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Олами ҳайвонот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Олами ҳайвонот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фауна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Hệ động vật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ động vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="动物相 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="动物相" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fauna" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="動物相 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="動物相" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104021#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Set of animal species in any particular region and time</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fauna_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fauna (disambiguation)">Fauna (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Animal Life" redirects here. For the book, see <a href="/wiki/Animal_Life_(book)" title="Animal Life (book)">Animal Life (book)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fauna" title="Special:EditPage/Fauna">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fauna%22">"Fauna"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fauna%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fauna%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fauna%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fauna%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fauna%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Fauna.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Fauna.png" decoding="async" width="345" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>Simplified schematic of an island's fauna – all its animal species, highlighted in boxes</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fauna</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>faunae</b> or <b>faunas</b>) is all of the <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding terms for <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a> are <i><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Funga" title="Funga">funga</a></i>, respectively. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Biota_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Biota (ecology)">biota</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">Zoologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologists</a> use <i>fauna</i> to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "<a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a> fauna" or the "<a href="/wiki/Burgess_Shale" title="Burgess Shale">Burgess Shale</a> fauna". <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontologists</a> sometimes refer to a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Faunal_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Faunal stage">faunal stages</a>, which is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils. The study of animals of a particular region is called <b>faunistics</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fauna" class="extiw" title="wikt:fauna">Fauna</a></i> comes from the name <a href="/wiki/Fauna_(deity)" title="Fauna (deity)">Fauna</a>, a Roman goddess of earth and fertility, the Roman god <a href="/wiki/Faunus" title="Faunus">Faunus</a>, and the related forest spirits called <a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">Fauns</a>. All three words are cognates of the name of the Greek god <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a>, and <i>panis</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> equivalent of fauna (πανίς or rather πανίδα). <i>Fauna</i> is also the word for a book that catalogues the animals in such a manner. The term was first used by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> from Sweden in the title of his 1745<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> work <i>Fauna Suecica</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions_on_the_basis_of_region">Subdivisions on the basis of region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subdivisions on the basis of region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryofauna">Cryofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cryofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cryofauna</i> refers to the animals that live in, or very close to, cold areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryptofauna">Cryptofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cryptofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cryptofauna</i> is the fauna that exists in protected or concealed <a href="/wiki/Microhabitats" class="mw-redirect" title="Microhabitats">microhabitats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epifauna">Epifauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Epifauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Epifauna, also called <i>epibenthos</i>, are aquatic animals that live on the bottom substratum as opposed to within it, that is, the <a href="/wiki/Benthic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic">benthic</a> fauna that live on top of the sediment surface at the seafloor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infauna">Infauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Infauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv/220px--Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="291" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="272" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="272" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="272" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="108" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv/Bioturbation-in-a-Declining-Oxygen-Environment-in-situ-Observations-from-Wormcam-pone.0034539.s002.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="182" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">time-lapse</a> movie shows images taken every hour during a two-week period. Worms, bacteria and fish are shown <a href="/wiki/Bioturbation" title="Bioturbation">disturbing the sediment</a> as they burrow and move through it.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Infauna</i> are <a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">benthic</a> organisms that live within the bottom substratum of a water body, especially within the bottom-most oceanic sediments, the layer of small particles at the bottom of a body of water, rather than on its surface. <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microalgae" title="Microalgae">microalgae</a> may also live in the interstices of bottom sediments. In general, infaunal animals become progressively smaller and less abundant with increasing water depth and distance from shore, whereas bacteria show more constancy in abundance, tending toward one million cells per milliliter of interstitial seawater. </p><p>Such creatures are found in the fossil record and include <a href="/wiki/Lingulata" title="Lingulata">lingulata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">trilobites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worms</a>. They made burrows in the sediment as protection and may also have fed upon detritus or the mat of microbes which tended to grow on the surface of the sediment.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, a variety of organisms live in and <a href="/wiki/Bioturbation" title="Bioturbation">disturb the sediment</a>. The deepest burrowers are the ghost shrimps (<i><a href="/wiki/Thalassinidea" title="Thalassinidea">Thalassinidea</a></i>), which go as deep as 3 metres (10 ft) into the sediment at the bottom of the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limnofauna">Limnofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Limnofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Limnofauna</i> refers to the animals that live in fresh water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macrofauna">Macrofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Macrofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Macrofauna</i> are <a href="/wiki/Benthic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic">benthic</a> or soil organisms which are retained on a 0.5 mm sieve. Studies in the deep sea define macrofauna as animals retained on a 0.3 mm sieve to account for the small size of many of the taxa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Megafauna">Megafauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Megafauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">Megafauna</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australisk_fauna,_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg/300px-Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg/450px-Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg/600px-Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2883" data-file-height="2230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Guinea" title="Fauna of New Guinea">Papuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_fauna" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian fauna">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Zealand" title="Fauna of New Zealand">New Zealand fauna</a>. This image was likely first published in the first edition (1876–1899) of the <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Megafauna</i> are large animals of any particular region or time. For example, <a href="/wiki/Australian_megafauna" title="Australian megafauna">Australian megafauna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meiofauna">Meiofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Meiofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Meiobenthos" title="Meiobenthos">Meiobenthos</a></div> <p><i>Meiofauna</i> are small <a href="/wiki/Benthic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic">benthic</a> <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> that live in both marine and freshwater <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">environments</a>. The term <i>meiofauna</i> loosely defines a group of <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> by their size, larger than microfauna but smaller than macrofauna, rather than a taxonomic grouping. One environment for meiofauna is between grains of damp sand (see <a href="/wiki/Mystacocarida" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystacocarida">Mystacocarida</a>). </p><p>In practice these are metazoan animals that can pass unharmed through a 0.5–1 mm <a href="/wiki/Mesh" title="Mesh">mesh</a> but will be retained by a 30–45 μm mesh,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the exact dimensions will vary from <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">researcher</a> to researcher. Whether an organism passes through a 1 mm mesh also depends upon whether it is alive or dead at the time of sorting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesofauna">Mesofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mesofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soil_mesofauna" title="Soil mesofauna">Soil mesofauna</a></div> <p><i>Mesofauna</i> are macroscopic soil animals such as <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematodes</a>. Mesofauna are extremely diverse; considering just the springtails (<a href="/wiki/Collembola" class="mw-redirect" title="Collembola">Collembola</a>), as of 1998, approximately 6,500 species had been identified.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microfauna">Microfauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Microfauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Microfauna" title="Microfauna">Microfauna</a></div> <p>Microfauna are microscopic or very small animals (usually including <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoans</a> and very small animals such as <a href="/wiki/Rotifer" title="Rotifer">rotifers</a>). To qualify as microfauna, an organism must exhibit animal-like characteristics, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Microflora" class="mw-redirect" title="Microflora">microflora</a>, which are more plant-like. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stygofauna">Stygofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Stygofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stygofauna" title="Stygofauna">Stygofauna</a></div> <p>Stygofauna is any fauna that lives in <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> systems or aquifers, such as <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a>, fissures and <a href="/wiki/Vug" title="Vug">vugs</a>. Stygofauna and <a href="/wiki/Troglofauna" title="Troglofauna">troglofauna</a> are the two types of <a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fauna" title="Subterranean fauna">subterranean fauna</a> (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – stygofauna is associated with water, and troglofauna with caves and spaces above the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>. Stygofauna can live within freshwater <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> and within the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pore" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:pore">pore</a> spaces of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcrete" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcrete">calcrete</a> or <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterite</a>, whilst larger animals can be found in cave waters and wells. Stygofaunal animals, like troglofauna, are divided into three groups based on their life history - stygophiles, stygoxenes, and stygobites.<sup id="cite_ref-Lopes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troglofauna">Troglofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Troglofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Troglofauna" title="Troglofauna">Troglofauna</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg/220px-A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg/330px-A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg/440px-A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>The microscopic cave snail <i><a href="/wiki/Zospeum_tholussum" title="Zospeum tholussum">Zospeum tholussum</a></i>, found at depths of 743 to 1,392 m (2,438 to 4,567 ft) in the <a href="/wiki/Lukina_jama" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukina jama">Lukina Jama–Trojama</a> cave system of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, is completely blind with a translucent shell</figcaption></figure> <p>Troglofauna are small <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a>-dwelling <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> that have <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adapted</a> to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and <a href="/wiki/Stygofauna" title="Stygofauna">stygofauna</a> are the two types of <a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fauna" title="Subterranean fauna">subterranean fauna</a> (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna is associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spiders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myriapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Myriapods">myriapods</a> and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell.<sup id="cite_ref-Chapman_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit a lack of <a href="/wiki/Insect_wing" title="Insect wing">wings</a> and longer <a href="/wiki/Appendage" title="Appendage">appendages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xenofauna">Xenofauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Xenofauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></div> <p><i>Xenofauna</i>, <a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">theoretically</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">alien</a> organisms that can be described as <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal analogues</a>. While no alien life forms, animal-like or otherwise, are known definitively, the concept of alien life remains a subject of great interest in fields like <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">astrobiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionary biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fauna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Fauna.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="79" /></a><figcaption>Examples of fauna in <a href="/wiki/Olleros_de_Tera" title="Olleros de Tera">Olleros de Tera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Other terms include <i><a href="/wiki/Avifauna" class="mw-redirect" title="Avifauna">avifauna</a></i>, which means "<a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> fauna" and <i>piscifauna</i> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyofauna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyofauna">ichthyofauna</a></i>), which means "<a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> fauna". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatises">Treatises</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Treatises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classic_faunas">Classic faunas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Classic faunas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carolus</a>. <i>Fauna Suecica</i>. 1746</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="Biome">Biome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_and_Flora_Preservation_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna and Flora Preservation Society">Fauna and Flora Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">Gene pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Natural environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_zoology" title="Soil zoology">Soil zoology</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Linnaeus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Linnaeus">Wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Linnaeus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nova.edu/ncri/11icrs/proceedings/files/m26-04.pdf">NCRI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Infauna organisms in hydrothermal environments have developed adaptive strategies to survive harsh conditions, such as extreme temperatures, low pH levels, and reduced salinity. They constructed galleries, with the highest abundance in H1, and the dominant classes, Malacostraca and Polychaeta, demonstrating mobility-based strategies like burrowing or crawling. These strategies help infauna cope with hydrothermal influence.” (Rodriguez Uribe 2023). hydrothermal influence refers to the transformative effects of hot water on geological, chemical, and biological systems, and it plays a significant role in a wide range of natural processes and human activities. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVermeij2009" class="citation cs2">Vermeij, Geerat (2009), <i>Nature: An Economic History</i>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400826490" title="Special:BookSources/9781400826490"><bdi>9781400826490</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%3A+An+Economic+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781400826490&rft.aulast=Vermeij&rft.aufirst=Geerat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna" class="Z3988"></span>. p. 266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermeij2009" class="citation cs2">Vermeij, Geerat (2009), <i>Nature: An Economic History</i>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400826490" title="Special:BookSources/9781400826490"><bdi>9781400826490</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%3A+An+Economic+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781400826490&rft.aulast=Vermeij&rft.aufirst=Geerat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna" class="Z3988"></span>. p. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iopan.gda.pl/rbdo/mekodb/litus/meiofauna.html">Fauna of Sandy Beaches</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosef_Rusek1998" class="citation journal cs1">Josef Rusek (1998). "Biodiversity of Collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem". <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i>. <b>7</b> (9): 1207–1219. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1008887817883">10.1023/A:1008887817883</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22883809">22883809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Biodiversity+of+Collembola+and+their+functional+role+in+the+ecosystem&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1207-1219&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1008887817883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22883809%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Josef+Rusek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lopes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lopes_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubens_M._Lopes,_Janet_Warner_Reid,_Carlos_Eduardo_Falavigna_Da_Rocha1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Rubens M. Lopes, Janet Warner Reid, Carlos Eduardo Falavigna Da Rocha (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hfKdTbC55PUC">"Copepoda: developments in ecology, biology and systematics: proceedings of the Seventh international conference on Copepoda, held in Curitiba"</a>. <i>Hydrobiologia</i>. 453/454. Springer: 576. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780792370482" title="Special:BookSources/9780792370482"><bdi>9780792370482</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Copepoda%3A+developments+in+ecology%2C+biology+and+systematics%3A+proceedings+of+the+Seventh+international+conference+on+Copepoda%2C+held+in+Curitiba&rft.volume=453%2F454&rft.pages=576&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780792370482&rft.au=Rubens+M.+Lopes%2C+Janet+Warner+Reid%2C+Carlos+Eduardo+Falavigna+Da+Rocha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhfKdTbC55PUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chapman-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chapman_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhil_Chapman1982" class="citation journal cs1">Phil Chapman (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol16/UBSS_Proc_16_2_133-141.pdf">"The Origins of Troglobites"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelæological Society</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 133–141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+University+of+Bristol+Spel%C3%A6ological+Society&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Troglobites&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-141&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Phil+Chapman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubss.org.uk%2Fresources%2Fproceedings%2Fvol16%2FUBSS_Proc_16_2_133-141.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFauna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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tectonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_hypothesis" title="Gaia hypothesis">Gaia hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Earth" title="Future of Earth">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">Weather</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth">Atmosphere <span style="font-size:85%;">(Earth)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight" title="Moonlight">Moonlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">Sunlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">Tides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">Wind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Natural environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_(physics)" title="Field (physics)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Origin <span style="font-size:85%;">(abiogenesis)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_life" title="History of life">Evolutionary history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">Biosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_organisation" title="Biological organisation">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Biology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">astrobiology</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">fauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">protista</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">Prokaryotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Viruses</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nature-based_solutions" title="Nature-based solutions">Nature-based solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nature" title="Category:Nature">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fauna_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fauna_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Africa" title="Fauna of Africa">Fauna of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Madagascar" title="Fauna of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_South_Africa" title="Fauna of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fauna_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fauna_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Asia" title="Fauna of Asia">Fauna of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Afghanistan" title="Fauna of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Armenia" title="Fauna of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Azerbaijan" title="Fauna of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bangladesh" title="Fauna of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bhutan" title="Fauna of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Fauna of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Indonesia" title="Fauna of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Kazakhstan" title="Fauna of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_South_Korea" title="Fauna of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Nepal" title="Fauna of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Qatar" title="Fauna of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Singapore" title="Fauna of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Fauna of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fauna_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fauna_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Europe" title="Fauna of Europe">Fauna of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Armenia" title="Fauna of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Austria" title="Fauna of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Azerbaijan" title="Fauna of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Belarus" title="Fauna of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Belgium" title="Fauna of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bulgaria" title="Fauna of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Croatia" title="Fauna of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Fauna of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Denmark" title="Fauna of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Estonia" title="Fauna of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Finland" title="Fauna of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Fauna of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Germany" title="Fauna of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Greece" title="Fauna of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Hungary" title="Fauna of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Iceland" title="Fauna of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Kazakhstan" title="Fauna of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Latvia" title="Fauna of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Liechtenstein" title="Fauna of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Lithuania" title="Fauna of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Luxembourg" title="Fauna of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Malta" title="Fauna of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Moldova" title="Fauna of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Monaco" title="Fauna of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Montenegro" title="Fauna of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Netherlands" title="Fauna of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_North_Macedonia" title="Fauna of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Norway" title="Fauna of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Poland" title="Fauna of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Portugal" title="Fauna of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_San_Marino" title="Fauna of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Serbia" title="Fauna of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Slovakia" title="Fauna of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Slovenia" title="Fauna of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Spain" title="Fauna of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Sweden" title="Fauna of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Fauna of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Fauna of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fauna_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fauna_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fauna of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Fiji (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Zealand" title="Fauna of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Fauna of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fauna_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fauna_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fauna of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Barbados" title="Fauna of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Belize" title="Fauna of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Canada" title="Fauna of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Nicaragua" title="Fauna of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_United_States" title="Fauna of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Fauna of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Fauna of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Fauna of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fauna_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fauna_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_South_America" title="Fauna of South America">Fauna of South America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guyana" title="Fauna of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of Paraguay (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Uruguay" title="Fauna of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Venezuela" title="Fauna of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Fauna of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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