CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: black cumin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: black cumin"> <meta name="keywords" content="black cumin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="black cumin" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="black cumin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 853</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: black cumin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> Improving Oxidative Stability of Encapsulated Krill and Black Cumin Oils and its Application in Functional Yogurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20El-Messery">Tamer El-Messery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beraat%20%20Ozcelik"> Beraat Ozcelik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to produce functional yogurt supplemented with microencapsulated krill oil as a source of omega 3, which is known, to maintain the normal brain function, reduce the risk of cancer, and preventing cardiovascular disease. Krill oil was mixed with black cumin oil (1:1) in order to increase its oxidative stability. β-caroteine (10 mg/100 ml) was used as a standard antioxidant. Maltodextrin (MD) was mixed with whey protein concentrate (WPC) and gum Arabic (GA) at the ratio of 8:2:0.5 ratios and used for microencapsulation of single or mixed oils. The microcapsules were dried by freeze and spray drying in order to maximize encapsulation efficiency and minimize lipid oxidation. The feed emulsions used for particle production were characterized for stability, viscosity and particle size, zeta potential, and oxidative stability. The oxidative stability for mixed krill oil and black cumin oil was the highest. The highest encapsulation efficiency was obtained using spray drying, which also showed the highest oxidative stability. The addition of encapsulated krill and black cumin oils (1:1) powder in yogurt manufacture reduced slightly effects on the development of acidity, textural parameters, and water holding capacity of yogurt as compared to control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krill%20oil" title="Krill oil">Krill oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin%20oil" title=" black cumin oil"> black cumin oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-encapsulation" title=" micro-encapsulation"> micro-encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stability" title=" oxidative stability"> oxidative stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20yogurt" title=" functional yogurt"> functional yogurt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117292/improving-oxidative-stability-of-encapsulated-krill-and-black-cumin-oils-and-its-application-in-functional-yogurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> Pesticide Residue Determination on Cumin Plant (Nigella orientalis L.) with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilda%20Ersoy">Nilda Ersoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevin%C3%A7%20%C5%9Eener"> Sevinç Şener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fe%20Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20Elidemir"> Ayşe Yalçın Elidemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Evcil"> Ebru Evcil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erg%C3%BCn%20D%C3%B6%C4%9Fen"> Ergün Döğen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, pesticide residues were investigated in black cumin (Nigella orientalis L.) seeds grown in Turkey. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analytical instruments are used in high precision when determining residue limits. A total of 100 pesticide active ingredients in LC-MS/MS devices have been performed in Nigella orientalis L. seeds samples. Also for the same aim, 103 pesticide active ingredients were analyzed in GC-MS. This study was conducted in 2012 and 2013. Sample residues were not found in detectable levels for two years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide" title="pesticide">pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residue" title=" residue"> residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin" title=" black cumin"> black cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigella%20orientalis%20L." title=" Nigella orientalis L."> Nigella orientalis L.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14955/pesticide-residue-determination-on-cumin-plant-nigella-orientalis-l-with-lc-msms-and-gc-ms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> Pesticide Residue Determination on Cumin Plant (Nigella orientalis L.) Grown through Agricultural Practices with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilda%20Ersoy">Nilda Ersoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevin%C3%A7%20%C5%9Eener"> Sevinç Şener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fe%20Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20Elidemir"> Ayşe Yalçın Elidemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Evcil"> Ebru Evcil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erg%C3%BCn%20D%C3%B6%C4%9Fen"> Ergün Döğen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, pesticide residues were investigated in black cumin (Nigella orientalis L.) seeds which grown in Turkey. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analytical instruments are used in high precision, when determining residue limits. A total of 100 pesticide active ingredients in LC-MS/MS devices have been performed in Nigella orientalis L. seeds samples. Moreover, for same aim, 103 pesticide active ingredients were analyzed in GC-MS. This study conducted in 2012 and 2013. Samples residues were not found in detectable levels for two years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide" title="pesticide">pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residue" title=" residue"> residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin" title=" black cumin"> black cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigella%20orientalis%20L." title=" Nigella orientalis L."> Nigella orientalis L.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14753/pesticide-residue-determination-on-cumin-plant-nigella-orientalis-l-grown-through-agricultural-practices-with-lc-msms-and-gc-ms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> Evaluation of Biofertilizer and Manure Effects on Quantitative Yield of Nigella Sativa L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Haj%20Seyed%20Hadi">Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Ghanepasand"> Fereshteh Ghanepasand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Darzi"> Mohammad Taghi Darzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure application on the seed yield and yield components in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). The experiment was carried out at the RAN Research Station in Firouzkouh in 2012. A 4×4 factorial experiment, arranged in a randomized complete blocks designed with three replications. The treatments consisted of 4 level of nitrogen fixing bacteria (control, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Azotobacter + Azospirillum) and 4 level of manure (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ton ha-1). The present results have shown that the highest height, 1000 seeds weight, seed number per follicle, follicle yield, seed yield and harvest index were obtained after using Azotobacter and Azospirillum, simultaneously. Manure application only affects on follicle yield and by 5ton manure ha-1 the highest follicle yield obtained. Results of this investigation showed that the maximum seed yield obtained when Aotobacter+Azospirillum inoculated with black cumin seeds and 5 ton manure ha-1 applied. Combined application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure can be helpful in developing of production and yield in Black cumin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azotobacter" title="azotobacter">azotobacter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azospirillum" title=" azospirillum"> azospirillum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin" title=" black cumin"> black cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20components" title=" yield components"> yield components</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28053/evaluation-of-biofertilizer-and-manure-effects-on-quantitative-yield-of-nigella-sativa-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> Evaluation of Living Mulches Effectiveness in Weed Suppression, and Seed Yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Benakashani">Fatemeh Benakashani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Tavakoli"> Hossein Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elias%20Soltani"> Elias Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To ensure the sustainability of crop cultivation and rural economies, it is imperative that we focus on cultivating resilient crops capable of withstanding salt stress. However, the effective management of weeds in salt-affected soils remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the impact of living mulches, specifically Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare), on weed control, as well as the quality and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa) in salt-affected soil. In our research, we employed a two-fold mowing strategy for the living mulches: once following crop establishment and once before the flowering stage. Notably, the weed-free plots demonstrated Black cumin's seed yield, and oil content (31.1% to 34.3%), consistent with previous studies, highlighting its potential for the reclamation and utilization of salt-affected lands. However, Black cumin exhibited limited competitiveness against prevalent weeds in the field, such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, and Portulaca oleracea, which significantly diminished both the 1000 grain mass in plots where weeds were present. Interestingly, the introduction of living mulches led to improvements in seed yield and seed oil content when compared to both weed-free and weed-infested plots. Notably, Berseem clover exhibited greater biomass than Barley, indicating its heightened competitiveness against weeds. Nevertheless, it's worth noting that in the long term, Berseem clover also competed with the main crop, thereby limiting overall productivity. Consequently, we recommend relocating the Berseem clover living mulch following the establishment of Black cumin as a strategy for weed management in Black cumin fields situated in salt-affected soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed%20management" title="weed management">weed management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title=" competition"> competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clover" title=" clover"> clover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley" title=" barley"> barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plant" title=" medicinal plant"> medicinal plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173460/evaluation-of-living-mulches-effectiveness-in-weed-suppression-and-seed-yield-of-black-cumin-nigella-sativa-l-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> Protecting Physicochemical Properties of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa) Oil and Developing Value Added Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeliha%20Ustun">Zeliha Ustun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Ersoz"> Mustafa Ersoz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the study, a traditional herbal supplement black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil properties has been studied to protect the main quality parameters by a new supplement application. Black cumin seed and its oil is used as a dietary supplement and preferred traditional remedy in Africa, Asia and Middle East for centuries. Now it has been consuming by millions of people in America and Europe as natural supplements and/or phytotherapeutic agents to support immune system, asthma, allergic rinnitis etc. by the scientists’ advices. With the study, it is aimed to prove that soft gelatin capsules are a new and more practical way of usage for Nigella sativa oil that has a longer stability. With the study soft gelatin capsules formulation has been developed to protect cold pressed black cumin seed oil physicochemical properties for a longer period. The product design has been developed in laboratory and implemented in pilot scale soft gelatin capsule manufacturing. Physicochemical properties (peroxide value, free fatty acids, fatty acid composition, refractive index, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matters) of Nigella sativa oil soft gelatin capsules and Nigella sativa oil in liquid form in amber glass bottles have been compared and followed for 8 months. The main parameters for capsules and liquid form found that for free fatty acids 2.29±0.03, 3.92±0.11 % oleic acid, peroxide 23.11±1.18, 27.85±2.50 meqO2/kg, refractive index at 20 0C 1.4738±0.00, 1.4737±0.00, soap 0 ppm, moisture and volatility 0.32±0.01, 0.36±0.01 %, iodine value 123.00±0.00, 122.00±0.00 wijs, saponification value 196.25±0.46, 194.13±0.35 mg KOH/g and unsaponifiable matter 7.72±0.13, 6.88±0.36 g/kg respectively. The main fatty acids are found that linoleic acid 56.17%, oleic acid 24.64%, palmitic acid 11,94 %. As a result, it is found that cold pressed Nigella sativa oil soft gelatin capsules physicochemical properties are more stable than the Nigella sativa oil stored in glass bottles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin%20seed%20%28Nigella%20sativa%29%20oil" title="black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil">black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20press" title=" cold press"> cold press</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20supplements" title=" nutritional supplements"> nutritional supplements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20gelatin%20capsule" title=" soft gelatin capsule"> soft gelatin capsule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37166/protecting-physicochemical-properties-of-black-cumin-seed-nigella-sativa-oil-and-developing-value-added-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">847</span> Antimicrobial Functions of Some Spice Extracts Such as Sumac, Cumin, Black Pepper and Red Pepper on the Growth of Common Food-Borne Pathogens and Their Biogenic Amine Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20%C3%96zogul">Fatih Özogul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmeray%20Kuley%20Boga"> Esmeray Kuley Boga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhat%20Kuley"> Ferhat Kuley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yesim%20%C3%96zogul"> Yesim Özogul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of diethyl ether extract of spices (sumac, cumin, black pepper and red pepper) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Camplylobacter jejuni, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica and their biogenic amine production were investigated in tyrosine decarboxylase broth. Sumac extract generally had the highest activity to inhibit bacterial growth compared to other extracts, although antimicrobial effect of extracts used varied depending on bacterial strains. Sumac extract resulted in 3.34 and 2.54 log reduction for Y. enterocolitica and Camp. jejuni growth, whilst red pepper extract induced 0.65, 0.41 and 0.34 log reduction for growth of Y. enterocolitica, S. Paratyphi A and Staph. aureus, respectively. Spice extracts significantly inhibited ammonia production by bacteria (P < 0.05). Eleven and nine fold reduction on ammonia production by S. Paratyphi A and Staph. aureus were observed in the presence of sumac extract. Dopamine, agmatine, tyramine, serotonin and TMA were main amines produced by bacteria. Tyramine production by food-borne-pathogens was more than 10 mg/L, whereas histamine accumulated below 52 mg/L. The effect of spice extracts on biogenic amine production varied depending on amino acid decarboxylase broth, spice type, bacterial strains and specific amine, although cumin extract generally increased biogenic amine production by bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobials" title="antimicrobials">antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogenic%20amines" title=" biogenic amines"> biogenic amines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food-borne%20pathogens" title=" food-borne pathogens"> food-borne pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spice%20extracts" title=" spice extracts"> spice extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72668/antimicrobial-functions-of-some-spice-extracts-such-as-sumac-cumin-black-pepper-and-red-pepper-on-the-growth-of-common-food-borne-pathogens-and-their-biogenic-amine-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">846</span> Spin One Hawking Radiation from Dirty Black Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petarpa%20Boonserm">Petarpa Boonserm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tritos%20Ngampitipan"> Tritos Ngampitipan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Visser"> Matt Visser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 'clean' black hole is a black hole in vacuum such as the Schwarzschild black hole. However in real physical systems, there are matter fields around a black hole. Such a black hole is called a 'dirty black hole'. In this paper, The effect of matter fields on the black hole and the greybody factor is investigated. The results show that matter fields make a black hole smaller. They can increase the potential energy to a black hole to obstruct Hawking radiation to propagate. This causes the greybody factor of a dirty black hole to be less than that of a clean black hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dirty%20black%20hole" title="dirty black hole">dirty black hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greybody%20factor" title=" greybody factor"> greybody factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hawking%20radiation" title=" hawking radiation"> hawking radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matter%20fields." title=" matter fields."> matter fields.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1553/spin-one-hawking-radiation-from-dirty-black-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">845</span> Isolation and Characterization of Actinophages Infecting Streptomyces scabies in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Zahran">D. Zahran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20AlKhazindar"> M. AlKhazindar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khalil"> M. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20T.%20A.%20Sayed"> E. T. A. Sayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Streptomyces scabies is a pathogenic actinomycete that infects potato crop causing severe production losses. Actinophages affect the composition and diversity of the bacterial population, thereby, can be used as a biological control. Samples of actinomycetes and phages were collected from different cultivated soils including farms of Faculty of Science, Faculty of Agriculture and different locations in Giza, Egypt. Actinomycetes were identified by using biochemical, morphological tests and molecular studies using 16S rRNA sequencing. Two specific phages (E1 and E2) against Streptomyces scabies and other hosts were isolated. Phages were identified using dilution end point (DEP), longevity in vitro (LIV), thermal inactivation point (TIP), host range and electron microscopy. PhageE1 was characterized by 10-8 (DEP),180 days(LIV), 95°C(TIP), narrow host range and electron microscopy showed ahead (59.9 nm) and neck (10.4nm). On the other hand phageE2 had 10-20 (DEP),180 days(LIV), 90°C(TIP), and the size of head was (67.2 nm) and tail (114nm). Antiviral activity was also studied using different chemicals (NaCL, KCL, CaCL2, BaCL2, CoCL2, AgNO3, ALCL3and HgCL2) with different concentrations and different plant extracts with different concentrations (star anise, tea, tillia, peppermint, ginger, cumin, chamomile, turmeric cinnamon, marjoram and black cumin). Both Phage E1and phage E2 were vulnerable to (cumin, ginger, chamomile, guavas leaves and star anise) but resistant to (Tillie, marjoram, fennelflower seeds, peppermint, and cinnamon). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato%20scab" title="potato scab">potato scab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actinophages" title=" actinophages"> actinophages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20microscopy" title=" electron microscopy"> electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIP" title=" TIP"> TIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEP" title=" DEP"> DEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIV" title=" LIV"> LIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral%20activity" title=" antiviral activity"> antiviral activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34520/isolation-and-characterization-of-actinophages-infecting-streptomyces-scabies-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Analysis of the Black Sea Gas Hydrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukru%20Merey">Sukru Merey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caglar%20Sinayuc"> Caglar Sinayuc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas hydrate deposits which are found in deep ocean sediments and in permafrost regions are supposed to be a fossil fuel reserve for the future. The Black Sea is also considered rich in terms of gas hydrates. It abundantly contains gas hydrates as methane (CH<sub>4</sub>~80 to 99.9%) source. In this study, by using the literature, seismic and other data of the Black Sea such as salinity, porosity of the sediments, common gas type, temperature distribution and pressure gradient, the optimum gas production method for the Black Sea gas hydrates was selected as mainly depressurization method. Numerical simulations were run to analyze gas production from gas hydrate deposited in turbidites in the Black Sea by depressurization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CH4%20hydrate" title="CH4 hydrate">CH4 hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black%20Sea%20hydrates" title=" Black Sea hydrates"> Black Sea hydrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20hydrate%20experiments" title=" gas hydrate experiments"> gas hydrate experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HydrateResSim" title=" HydrateResSim"> HydrateResSim</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48996/analysis-of-the-black-sea-gas-hydrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Enhancement in Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Cuminum cyminum L. through Niosome Nanocarries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Haghiralsadat">Fatemeh Haghiralsadat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadese%20Hashemi"> Mohadese Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Akhoundi%20Kharanaghi"> Elham Akhoundi Kharanaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojgan%20Yazdani"> Mojgan Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobe%20Sharafodini"> Mahboobe Sharafodini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Javani"> Omid Javani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Niosomes are colloidal particles formed from the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactants in aqueous medium resulting in closed bilayer structures. As a consequence of this hydrophilic and hydrophobic structure, niosomes have the capacity to entrap compounds of different solubilities. Niosomes are promising vehicle for drug delivery which protect sensitive drugs and improve the therapeutic index of drugs by restricting their action to target cells. Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds such as terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components that have been used for many biological properties including bactericidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and other medicinal properties. Encapsulation of essential oils in niosomes can be an attractive method to overcome their limitation such as volatility, easily decomposition by heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) is an aromatic plant included in the Apiaceae family and is used to flavor foods, added to fragrances, and for medical preparations which is indigenous to Egypt, the Mediterranean region, Iran and India. The major components of the Cumin oil were reported as cuminaldehyde, γ -terpinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, p-mentha-1, 3-dien-7-al, and p-mentha-1, 4-dien-7-al which provide the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to formulate Cumin essential oil-loaded niosomes to improve water solubility of natural product and evaluate its physico-chemical features and stability. Cumin oil was obtained through steam distillation using a clevenger-type apparatus and GC/MS was applied to identify the main components of the essential oil. Niosomes were prepared by using thin film hydration method and nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, dispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and morphology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuminum%20cyminum%20L." title="Cuminum cyminum L.">Cuminum cyminum L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cumin" title=" Cumin"> Cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=niosome" title=" niosome"> niosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33689/enhancement-in-antimicrobial-and-antioxidant-activity-of-cuminum-cyminum-l-through-niosome-nanocarries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Effect of Carbon Black Nanoparticles Additive on the Qualities of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kiani">Maryam Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of carbon black additive on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer. The geopolymer samples were prepared using fly ash as the primary source material, along with an alkali activator solution and different concentrations of carbon black additive. The effects of carbon black on the geopolymer binder were evaluated by analyzing the compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and microstructural properties of the cured samples. The results revealed that the inclusion of carbon black additive significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the geopolymer binder. The compressive and flexural strengths were found to increase with the addition of carbon black, showing improvements of up to 25% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, the water absorption of the geopolymer samples reduced due to the presence of carbon black, indicating improved resistance against water permeability. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a more compact and homogenous structure in the geopolymer samples with carbon black. The dispersion of carbon black particles within the geopolymer matrix was observed, suggesting improved interparticle bonding and increased densification. Overall, this study demonstrates the positive impact of carbon black additive on the qualities of fly ash-based geopolymer, emphasizing its potential as an effective enhancer for geopolymer binder applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly-ash" title="fly-ash">fly-ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20black" title=" carbon black"> carbon black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172605/effect-of-carbon-black-nanoparticles-additive-on-the-qualities-of-fly-ash-based-geopolymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> Impacts of Racialization: Exploring the Relationships between Racial Discrimination, Racial Identity, and Activism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brianna%20Z.%20Ross">Brianna Z. Ross</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20N.%20Livingston"> Jonathan N. Livingston</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given that discussions of racism and racial tensions have become more salient, there is a need to evaluate the impacts of racialization among Black individuals. Racial discrimination has become one of the most common experiences within the Black American population. Likewise, Black individuals have indicated a need to address their racial identities at an earlier age than their non-Black peers. Further, Black individuals have been found at the forefront of multiple social and political movements, including but not limited to the Civil Rights Movement, Black Lives Matter, MeToo, and Say Her Name. Moreover, the present study sought to explore the predictive relationships that exist between racial discrimination, racial identity, and activism in the Black community. The results of standard and hierarchical regression analyses revealed that racial discrimination and racial identity significantly predict each other, but only racial discrimination is a significant predictor for the relationship to activism. Nonetheless, the results from this study will provide a basis for social scientists to better understand the impacts of racialization on the Black American population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activism" title="activism">activism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racialization" title=" racialization"> racialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20discrimination" title=" racial discrimination"> racial discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20identity" title=" racial identity"> racial identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129426/impacts-of-racialization-exploring-the-relationships-between-racial-discrimination-racial-identity-and-activism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> Black Bodies Matter: The Contemporary Manifestation of Saartjie Baartman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rokeshia%20Renn%C3%A9%20Ashley">Rokeshia Renné Ashley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of historical figure Saartjie 'Sara/Sarah' Baartman from a cross cultural perspective of black women in the United States and black women in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) uncover that many women in both countries did not have an accurate representation, recollection, or have been exposed to the story of Baartman. Nonetheless, those who were familiar with Baartman’s story, those participants compared her to modern examples of black women who are showcased in a contemporary familiarity. The women are described by participants as women who reveal their bodies in a sexualized manner and have the curves that are similar to Baartman’s historic figure. This comparison emphasized a connection to popular images of black women who represent the curvaceous ideal. Findings contribute to social comparison theory by providing a lens for examining black women’s body image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20women" title="black women">black women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20modification" title=" body modification"> body modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77461/black-bodies-matter-the-contemporary-manifestation-of-saartjie-baartman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> Occurrence and Geological Setting of the Black Shales Outcrops in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Baioumy">Hassan M. Baioumy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuniarti%20Ulfa"> Yuniarti Ulfa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic black shales that can be a potential source of energy and precious metals are widely distributed in Malaysia Peninsula, Sarawak and Sabah. Two Paleozoic black shales outcrops were reported in the Langkawi Island belonging to the Cambrian fluvial Machinchang Formation and the Silurian glaciomarine Singa Formation. More the seventeen occurrences of Paleozoic black shales outcrops have been found in the Peninsular Malaysia that range in age from Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian in the Terengganu, Perlis, Pahang, and Perak States. Mesozoic black shales outcrops occur in several places in both the Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. In the Peninsular Malaysia, Triassic black shales occur in the Nami area, Northern Kedah and in the Pahang area. In Sarawak, Triassic black shales have been reported in the Bau area. Cenozoic black shales outcrops were reported in both Sarawak at Miri area and Sabah at the Ranau and Tenom areas. Preliminary mineralogical and geochemical investigations on some of these black shales outcrops showed distinct compositional variations among these black shales outcrops probably due to variations in their source area composition and/or depositional and diagenetic settings of these shales. Some of these shalese also subjected to post-depositional hydrothermal mineralization that enriched these shales with Au-bearing minerals such as pyrite, calchopyrite, and arsenopyrite. Many of the studied black shales outcrops look rich in organic matter, which increase the possibility of using these black shales as an unconventional energy resource. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20shales" title="black shales">black shales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12781/occurrence-and-geological-setting-of-the-black-shales-outcrops-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> The Diversity of Black Flies in Peninsular Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20D.%20Chen">C. D. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Takaoka"> H. Takaoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Ya%E2%80%99cob"> Z. Ya’cob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20L.%20Low"> V. L. Low</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20W.%20Lau"> K. W. Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sofian-Azirun"> M. Sofian-Azirun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adult black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are small (1.5-6.0 mm long), two-winged insects, and are well known as one of the biting flies of medical and veterinary importance. Female of certain species, when they bite and take blood, not only cause severe skin diseases to human and cattle but also play a role as vectors of viral, protozoan and filarial diseases in humans and animals. Black flies also attract environmental biologist and ecologist because their immature states breed only in clean running fresh waters, and larvae are one of the principal processors of plant debris in streams. All these researches on medical and ecological aspects of black flies could not be reliably proceeded without sufficient basic knowledge of the fauna of black flies established by traditional but still important morphotaxonomy. Previously, only 39 species of black flies were recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, all of which are classified into four subgenus (Daviesellum, Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia and Simulium) of the genus Simulium. We carried out faunal surveys and taxonomic works of black flies in Peninsular Malaysia since November 2010. A total of 17 new species and 4 newly recorded species were collected. This increased the number of the described species of black flies in Peninsular Malaysia from 39 to 60. Our results suggest that a much higher diverse nature of black flies in Peninsular Malaysia will be clarified by further extensive surveys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20flies" title="black flies">black flies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simulium" title=" Simulium"> Simulium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevermannia" title=" Nevermannia"> Nevermannia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feuerborni%20species-group" title=" feuerborni species-group"> feuerborni species-group</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14051/the-diversity-of-black-flies-in-peninsular-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> Black Shales Outcrops in Malaysia: Occurrence and Geological Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Baioumy">Hassan Baioumy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuniarti%20Ulfa"> Yuniarti Ulfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nawawi"> Mohd Nawawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Noor%20Akmal%20Anuar"> Mohammad Noor Akmal Anuar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic black shales that can be a potential source of energy and precious metals are widely distributed in Malaysia Peninsula, Sarawak and Sabah. Two Paleozoic black shales outcrops were reported in the Langkawi Island belonging to the Cambrian fluvial Machinchang Formation and the Silurian glaciomarine Singa Formation. More the seventeen occurrences of Paleozoic black shales outcrops have been found in the Peninsular Malaysia that range in age from Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian in the Terengganu, Perlis, Pahang, and Perak States. Mesozoic black shales outcrops occur in several places in both the Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. In the Peninsular Malaysia, Triassic black shales occur in the Nami area, Northern Kedah and in the Pahang area. In Sarawak, Triassic black shales have been reported in the Bau area. Cenozoic black shales outcrops were reported in both Sarawak at Miri area and Sabah at the Ranau and Tenom areas. Preliminary mineralogical and geochemical investigations on some of these black shales outcrops showed distinct compositional variations among these black shales outcrops probably due to variations in their source area composition and/or depositional and diagenetic settings of these shales. Some of these shalese also subjected to post-depositional hydrothermal mineralization that enriched these shales with Au-bearing minerals such as pyrite, calchopyrite, and arsenopyrite. Many of the studied black shales outcrops look rich in organic matter, which increase the possibility of using these black shales as an unconventional energy resource. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20shales" title="black shales">black shales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22726/black-shales-outcrops-in-malaysia-occurrence-and-geological-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> Foliation and the First Law of Thermodynamics for the Kerr Newman Black Hole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20M.%20Jawwad%20Riaz">Syed M. Jawwad Riaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been a lot of interest in exploring the thermodynamic properties at the horizon of a black hole geometry. Earlier, it has been shown, for different spacetimes, that the Einstein field equations at the horizon can be expressed as a first law of black hole thermodynamics. In this paper, considering r = constant slices, for the Kerr-Newman black hole, shown that the Einstein field equations for the induced 3-metric of the hypersurface is expressed in thermodynamic quantities under the virtual displacements of the hypersurfaces. As expected, it is found that the field equations of the induced metric corresponding to the horizon can only be written as a first law of black hole thermodynamics. It is to be mentioned here that the procedure adopted is much easier, to obtain such results, as here one has to essentially deal with (n - 1)-dimensional induced metric for an n-dimensional spacetime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20space-times" title="black hole space-times">black hole space-times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Einstein%27s%20field%20equation" title=" Einstein's field equation"> Einstein's field equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foliation" title=" foliation"> foliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-surfaces" title=" hyper-surfaces"> hyper-surfaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50127/foliation-and-the-first-law-of-thermodynamics-for-the-kerr-newman-black-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on the Mg and P Concentrations in Turkish Black and Green Tea </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yalcin"> T. Yalcin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Dere%20Ozdemir"> O. Dere Ozdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kipcak"> S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tea is one of the most consumed beverages all over the world. Especially, black and green teas are preferred to consume. In Turkey, some local tea houses use sodium bicarbonate (SB) to obtain more infusion by using less amount of tea. Therefore, the addition of SB to black and green teas affects element concentrations of these teas. In this study, determination of magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) contents in black and green teas is aimed for conscious consumption, after the addition of SB. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for these analysis. The results of this study showed that the concentrations of Mg and P decreased by adding SB from 11.020, 21.915 to 10.009, 17.520 in black tea and from 12.605, 14.550 to 8.118, 9.425 in green tea, respectively. The addition of SB on analyzed teas is not recommended as it reduces intake percentages of Mg and P from the essential elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elements" title="elements">elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-OES" title=" ICP-OES"> ICP-OES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20bicarbonate" title=" sodium bicarbonate"> sodium bicarbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tea" title=" tea"> tea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8728/the-effect-of-sodium-bicarbonate-on-the-mg-and-p-concentrations-in-turkish-black-and-green-tea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> The Pink Elephant: Women who Bully Other Women in the Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berri%20A.%20Wells">Berri A. Wells</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to explore the different variables that influence women, specifically Black American or African American women to target and bully other Black American women in the workplace. The Pink Elephant Study seeks to answer the research question, what are some of the factors that prompt Black women to target and harass other Black women in the workplace or other professional settings and organizations? The goal of the study is to enhance the workplace bullying body of knowledge in two specific ways beginning with the inclusion of Black women in the conversation of workplace bullying. A second goal is to hear from and learn from perpetrators of workplace bullying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20bullying" title="workplace bullying">workplace bullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incivility%20at%20work" title=" incivility at work"> incivility at work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20at%20work" title=" women at work"> women at work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overcoming%20conflict" title=" overcoming conflict"> overcoming conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150384/the-pink-elephant-women-who-bully-other-women-in-the-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">833</span> The Impact of Black Rice Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability through Foam Scanning in Enhanced Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishaq%20Ahmad">Ishaq Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaomin%20Li"> Zhaomin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Chengwen"> Liu Chengwen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Yan%20Li"> Song Yan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihan%20Gu"> Zihan Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Shaopeng"> Li Shaopeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to manage gas mobility in the reservoir, only a small amount of surfactant or polymer is needed because nanoparticles have the potential to improve foam stability. The aim is to enhance foam formation and stability, so it was decided to investigate the foam stability and foam ability of black rice husk ash. Several characterization techniques were used to investigate the properties of black rice husk ash. The best-performing anionic foaming surfactants were combined with black rice husk ash at different concentrations (ppm). Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate was used as the anionic surfactant. This study demonstrates the value of black rice husk ash (BRHA), which has a high silica concentration, for foam stability and ability. For the test, black rice husk ash and raw ash were used with SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) and SDBS (Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate) surfactants under different parameters. Different concentration percentages were utilized to create the foam, and the hydrophobic test and shaking method were applied. The foam scanner was used to observe the behavior of the black rice husk ash foam. The high silica content of black rice husk ash has the potential to improve foam stability, which is favorable and could possibly improve oil recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20rice%20husk%20ash%20nanoparticle" title="black rice husk ash nanoparticle">black rice husk ash nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20life" title=" foam life"> foam life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20scanning" title=" foam scanning"> foam scanning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159872/the-impact-of-black-rice-ash-nanoparticles-on-foam-stability-through-foam-scanning-in-enhanced-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">832</span> Quantum Mechanics as a Branch of Black Hole Cosmology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20V.%20S.%20Seshavatharam">U. V. S. Seshavatharam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lakshminarayana"> S. Lakshminarayana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a unified approach observed cosmic red shift can be re-interpreted as an index of cosmological galactic atomic light emission phenomenon. By increasing the applications of Hubble volume in cosmology as well as in quantum physics, concepts of ‘Black Hole Cosmology’ can be well-confirmed. Clearly speaking ‘quantum mechanics’ can be shown to be a branch of ‘black hole cosmology’. In Big Bang Model, confirmation of all the observations directly depend on the large scale galactic distances that are beyond human reach and raise ambiguity in all respects. The subject of modern black hole physics is absolutely theoretical. Advantage of Black hole cosmology lies in confirming its validity through the ground based atomic and nuclear experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubble%20volume" title="Hubble volume">Hubble volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20cosmology" title=" black hole cosmology"> black hole cosmology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMBR%20energy%20density" title=" CMBR energy density"> CMBR energy density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Planck%E2%80%99s%20constant" title=" Planck’s constant"> Planck’s constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20structure%20ratio" title=" fine structure ratio"> fine structure ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmic%20time" title=" cosmic time"> cosmic time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20charge%20radius" title=" nuclear charge radius"> nuclear charge radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unification" title=" unification"> unification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8062/quantum-mechanics-as-a-branch-of-black-hole-cosmology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">831</span> The Relation Between Social Class, Race Homophily and Mental Health Outcomes of Black College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omari%20W.%20Keeles">Omari W. Keeles </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attention to social class and race processes could illuminate within- group differences in Black students' experiences that help explain variation in adjustment. Of interest is how social class relates to development of intragroup connections with other Black students on campus in ways that promote or inhibit well-being. The present study’s findings suggest that students from lower class backgrounds may be more restrictive or limited in opportunities around their intragroup friendship networks than more affluent students. Furthermore, Black social relationship networks were related to positive mental health adjustment important to healthy psychological functioning and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20students" title="black students">black students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20class" title=" social class"> social class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homophily" title=" homophily"> homophily</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20adjustment" title=" psychological adjustment"> psychological adjustment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31585/the-relation-between-social-class-race-homophily-and-mental-health-outcomes-of-black-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">830</span> Detecting Black Hole Attacks in Body Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Alshehri">Sara Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Alenzi"> Bayan Alenzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atheer%20Alshehri"> Atheer Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Chelloug"> Samia Chelloug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Almry"> Zainab Almry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussah%20Albugmai"> Hussah Albugmai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper concerns body area networks sensor that collect signals around a human body. The black hole attacks are the main security challenging problem because the data traffic can be dropped at any node. The focus of our proposed solution is to efficiently route data packets while detecting black hole nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20sensor%20networks" title="body sensor networks">body sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole" title=" black hole"> black hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMNeT%2B%2B" title=" OMNeT++ "> OMNeT++ </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10435/detecting-black-hole-attacks-in-body-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">645</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">829</span> The Agency of Black Women Professors in Higher Education: A Critical Consciousness Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ncamisile%20T.%20Zulu">Ncamisile T. Zulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Munro"> Nicholas Munro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black women academics in higher education institutions are predominantly portrayed by literature as individuals who usually lack a sense of belonging, progression, and workload management. The oversaturation of this literature can (overtime) perpetuate a stereotypical idea that Black women academics are incapable of coping and succeeding in higher education institutions. The current article explores the agency, motivated by critical consciousness that Black women professors have and utilise in higher education institutions. In order to provide an understanding of how Black women academics can progress, manage their workloads and succeed in higher education institutions, the article considers how these women can take responsibility for their self-development, adaptation, and self-renewal in academic endeavours. As a result, the article presents a line of thought which could help in challenging the stereotype about Black women academics. The study was conducted at two higher education institutions involving Black women professors from different disciplines. A combination of purposive and snowballing sampling was used to recruit nine women participants, while data were collected through interviews. A critical consciousness perspective was adopted to formulate an understanding of the agency of Black women professors in higher education institutions, while thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results challenge the widely disseminated view that portrays Black women academics as incapable of coping and succeeding in higher education institutions. The findings highlight Black women professors as proactive, flexible, and self-regulating in their academic endeavours. These findings contribute to the literature by adding a more constructive narrative of Black women academics in higher education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agency" title="agency">agency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black%20women%20academics" title=" Black women academics"> Black women academics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20consciousness" title=" critical consciousness"> critical consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20institutions" title=" higher education institutions"> higher education institutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135197/the-agency-of-black-women-professors-in-higher-education-a-critical-consciousness-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">828</span> A Wide View Scheme for Automobile's Black Box</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaemyoung%20Lee">Jaemyoung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a wide view camera scheme for automobile's black box. The proposed scheme uses the commercially available camera lenses of which view angles are about 120°}^{\circ}°. In the proposed scheme, we extend the view angle to approximately 200° ^{\circ}° using two cameras at the front side instead of three lenses with conventional black boxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camera" title="camera">camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20box" title=" black box"> black box</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=view%20angle" title=" view angle"> view angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile" title=" automobile"> automobile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2582/a-wide-view-scheme-for-automobiles-black-box" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">827</span> Improvisation of N₂ Foam with Black Rice Husk Ash in Enhanced Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishaq%20Ahmad">Ishaq Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaomin%20Li"> Zhaomin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Chengwen"> Liu Chengwen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20yan%20Li"> Song yan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Lei"> Wang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhoujie%20Wang"> Zhoujie Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Lei"> Zheng Lei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because nanoparticles have the potential to improve foam stability, only a small amount of surfactant or polymer is required to control gas mobility in the reservoir. Numerous researches have revealed that this specific application is in use. The goal is to improve foam formation and foam stability. As a result, the foam stability and foam ability of black rice husk ash were investigated. By injecting N₂ gases into a core flood condition, black rice husk ash was used to produce stable foam. The properties of black rice husk ash were investigated using a variety of characterization techniques. The black rice husk ash was mixed with the best-performing anionic foaming surfactants at various concentrations (ppm). Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate was the anionic surfactant used (SDBS). In this article, the N₂ gas- black rice husk ash (BRHA) with high Silica content is shown to be beneficial for foam stability and foam ability. For the test, a 30 cm sand pack was prepared. For the experiment, N₂ gas cylinders and SDBS surfactant liquid cylinders were used. Two N₂ gas experiments were carried out: one without a sand pack and one with a sand pack and oil addition. The black rice husk and SDBS surfactant concentration was 0.5 percent. The high silica content of black rice husk ash has the potential to improve foam stability in sand pack conditions, which is beneficial. On N₂ foam, there is an increase in black rice husk ash particles, which may play an important role in oil recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20rice%20husk%20ash%20nanoparticle" title="black rice husk ash nanoparticle">black rice husk ash nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%E2%82%82%20foam" title=" N₂ foam"> N₂ foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20pack" title=" sand pack"> sand pack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156241/improvisation-of-n2-foam-with-black-rice-husk-ash-in-enhanced-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">826</span> The Comparison of Chromium Ions Release Stainless Steel 18-8 between Artificial Saliva and Black Tea Leaves Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nety%20Trisnawaty">Nety Trisnawaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Febriani"> Mirna Febriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of stainless steel wires in the field of dentistry is widely used, especially for orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment using stainless steel wire. The oral cavity is the ideal environment for corrosion, which can be caused by saliva. Prevention of corrosion on stainless steel wires can be done by using an organic or non-organic corrosion inhibitor. One of the organic inhibitors that can be used to prevent corrosion is black tea leaves extracts. To explain the comparison of chromium ions release for stainlees steel between artificial saliva and black tea leaves extracts. In this research we used artificial saliva, black tea leaves extracts, stainless steel wire and using Atomic Absorption Spectrophometric testing machine. The samples were soaked for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days in the artificial saliva and black tea leaves extracts. The results showed the difference of chromium ion release soaked in artificial saliva and black tea leaves extracts on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Statistically, calculation with independent T-test with p < 0,05 showed a significant difference. The longer the duration of days, the more ion chromium were released. The conclusion of this study shows that black tea leaves extracts can inhibit the corrosion rate of stainless steel wires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium%20ion" title="chromium ion">chromium ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20saliva" title=" artificial saliva"> artificial saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20tea%20leaves%20extracts" title=" black tea leaves extracts"> black tea leaves extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94605/the-comparison-of-chromium-ions-release-stainless-steel-18-8-between-artificial-saliva-and-black-tea-leaves-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">825</span> COVID-19, The Black Lives Matter Movement, and Race-Based Traumatic Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claire%20Stafford">Claire Stafford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Lewis"> John Lewis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashley%20Stripling"> Ashley Stripling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between both the independent effects and intersection between COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement simultaneously to investigate how the two events have coincided with impacting race-based traumatic stress in Black Americans. Four groups will be surveyed: Black Americans who participated in BLM-related activism, Black Americans who did not participate in BLM-related activism, White Americans who participated in BLM-related activism, and White Americans who did not participate in BLM-related activism. Participants are between the ages of 30 and 50. All participants will be administered a Brief Trauma Questionnaire with an additional question asking whether or not they have ever tested positive for COVID-19. Based on prior findings, it is expected that Black Americans will have significantly higher levels of COVID-19 contraction, with Black Americans who participated in BLM-related activism having the highest levels of contractions. Additionally, Black Americans who participated in BLM-related activism will likely have the highest self-reported rates of traumatic experiences due to the compounding effect of both the pandemic and the BLM movement. With the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, stark racial disparities between Black and White Americans have become more defined. Compared to White Americans, Black Americans have more COVID-19-related cases and hospitalizations. Researchers must investigate and attempt to mitigate these disparities while simultaneously critically questioning the structure of our national health care system and how it serves our marginalized communities. Further, a critical gaze must be directed at the geopolitical climate of the United States in order to holistically look at how both the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement have interacted and impacted race-based stress and trauma in African Americans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20lives%20matter%20movement" title=" black lives matter movement"> black lives matter movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race-based%20traumatic%20stress" title=" race-based traumatic stress"> race-based traumatic stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activism" title=" activism"> activism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150053/covid-19-the-black-lives-matter-movement-and-race-based-traumatic-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">824</span> Analysis of Efficiency Production of Grass Black Jelly (Mesona palustris) in Double Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvan%20Adhin%20Cholilie">Irvan Adhin Cholilie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susinggih%20Wijana"> Susinggih Wijana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusron%20Sugiarto"> Yusron Sugiarto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to compare the results of black grass jelly produced using laboratory scale and double scale. In this research, the production from the laboratory scale is using ingredients of 1 kg black grass jelly added with 5 liters of water, while the double scale is using 5 kg black grass jelly and 75 liters of water. The results of organoleptic tests performed by 30 panelists (general) to the sample gels of grass black powder produced from both of laboratory and double scale are not different significantly in color, odor, flavor, and texture. Proximate test results conducted in both of grass black jelly powder produced in laboratory scale and double scale also have no significant differences in all parameters. Grass black jelly powder from double scale contains water, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and yield in the amount of 12,25 %; 43,7 %; 5,89 %; and 16,28 % respectively. The results of the energy efficiency analysis by boiling, draining, evaporation, drying, and milling processes are 85,11 %; 76,97 %; 99,64 %; 99,99% and 99,39% respectively. The utility needs including water needs for each batch amounted 0.1 m3 and cost Rp 220,5 per batch, the electricity needs for each batch is 20.01 kWh and cost Rp 18569.28 per batch, and LPG needs for each batch is 30 kg costed Rp 234,000.00 so that the total cost spent for the process is Rp 252,789.78 . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20grass%20jelly" title="black grass jelly">black grass jelly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder" title=" powder"> powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20balance" title=" mass balance"> mass balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20balance" title=" energy balance"> energy balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21463/analysis-of-efficiency-production-of-grass-black-jelly-mesona-palustris-in-double-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=28">28</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=29">29</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cumin&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>