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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Foley (sound effects artist)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley" title="Jack Foley – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jack Foley" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley" title="Jack Foley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jack Foley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley_(artista_de_efectos_de_sonido)" title="Jack Foley (artista de efectos de sonido) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jack Foley (artista de efectos de sonido)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جک فولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جک فولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley" title="Jack Foley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jack Foley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley_(rumorista)" title="Jack Foley (rumorista) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jack Foley (rumorista)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="جاك فولى (منتج افلام من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاك فولى (منتج افلام من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC_(%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C%E9%9F%B3%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85)" title="ジャック・フォーリー (効果音製作者) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャック・フォーリー (効果音製作者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley" title="Jack Foley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jack Foley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley" title="Jack Foley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jack Foley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Foley" title="Jack Foley – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jack Foley" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Foley_(sound_effects)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Foley (sound effects)">Jack Foley (sound effects)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American sound effects developer (1891–1967)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jack Foley</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jack Donovan Foley</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1891-04-12</span>)</span>April 12, 1891<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Yorkville,_Manhattan" title="Yorkville, Manhattan">Yorkville, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 9, 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-11-09)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Joe Hyde (<a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Sound effect artist</a> ("Foley artist"), <a href="/wiki/Humorist" title="Humorist">humorist</a><sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jack Donovan Foley</b> (April 12, 1891 – November 9, 1967)<sup id="cite_ref-vintagenews_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vintagenews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American <a href="/wiki/Sound_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound effects">sound effects</a> artist who was the developer of many sound effect techniques used in <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>. He is credited with developing a unique method for performing sound effects live and in synchrony with the picture during a film's post-production. Accordingly, individuals engaged in this trade are called "<a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley artists</a>". </p><p>He worked on pictures such as <i><a href="/wiki/Melody_of_Love_(1928_film)" title="Melody of Love (1928 film)">Melody of Love</a></i> (1928), <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat_(1929_film)" title="Show Boat (1929 film)">Show Boat</a></i> (1929), <i>Dat Ol' Ribber</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a></i> (1931), <i><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a></i> (1960), and <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Petticoat" title="Operation Petticoat">Operation Petticoat</a></i> (1959). For his work in Hollywood, Foley received the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Sound_Editors" title="Motion Picture Sound Editors">Motion Picture Sound Editors</a>' Golden Reel Award.<sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Foley_(sound_effects_artist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jack Foley was born on April 12, 1891, in <a href="/wiki/Yorkville,_Manhattan" title="Yorkville, Manhattan">Yorkville</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, to Irish immigrants Margaret Donavon and Michael Foley.<sup id="cite_ref-vintagenews_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vintagenews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foley was raised in the area of <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>. Foley's parents were separated as Margaret lived with her father and four sisters. When Foley was sixteen, Margaret married Michael Gilmartin, the son of Sligo immigrants. Foley's biological father worked at the docks and was a volunteer firefighter as well as a singer and songwriter for local pubs. Foley grew up with <a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Murray" title="Arthur Murray">Arthur Murray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bert_Lahr" title="Bert Lahr">Bert Lahr</a> being among his classmates. Foley's first job was as a clerk at the New York docks. During this time, Foley married Beatrice Rehm. They married in secret as Foley was <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, and Rehm was <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914, Foley and his wife moved to <a href="/wiki/Bishop,_California" title="Bishop, California">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, as Foley disliked the New York weather. While in Bishop, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Foley worked for the <a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Society" title="American Defense Society">American Defense Society</a> guarding the Los Angeles water supply to ensure the water wasn't poisoned. He also worked at a Bishop hardware store. During this time, Foley became involved in the <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> and composed a few plays. He also wrote and drew <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a> for the local newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-vintagenews_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vintagenews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early 1920s, many farm owners began selling their land to the city of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> for water rights as the city was growing at a rapid pace.<sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a decrease in wages for many of the locals, particularly those who worked in stores. Being personally affected, Foley began contacting several people he knew in the <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a>. Along with the town's storekeepers, Foley led a publicity campaign to bring the film industry to Bishop to help stimulate the local economy. This endeavor was a success for Foley as he then scouted locations for film productions. This also led to Foley eventually working for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a> in various capacities, from a <a href="/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">stuntman</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent movie</a> director.<sup id="cite_ref-vintagenews_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vintagenews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the latter half of the 1920s, sound was introduced in films. Many production companies began looking to incorporate sound in their movies. Foley became involved with this new aspect in the film industry and worked with sound for movies such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1925_film)" title="The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)">The Phantom of the Opera</a></i> (1925), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i> (1927) and <i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan_the_Tiger" title="Tarzan the Tiger">Tarzan the Tiger</a></i> (1929), in which he voiced the first Tarzan yell.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It wasn't until <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat_(1929_film)" title="Show Boat (1929 film)">Show Boat</a></i> (1929) when Foley's career took off as he helped create sound effects for the movie which led to the name <a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley effects</a>. After this movie, Foley solely focused on sound for his career in the film industry. Foley worked for close to thirty years incorporating Foley sounds in movies, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dracula_(1931_English-language_film)" title="Dracula (1931 English-language film)">Dracula</a></i> (1931) and <i><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a></i> (1960). He helped bring movies to life by recording everyday sounds, such as chewing, knocking on wood, and footsteps. Foley made sound a critical aspect of movie productions.<sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foley won awards for his work, including the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects_and_Foley_for_Feature_Film" title="Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film">Golden Reel Award</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Sound_Editors" title="Motion Picture Sound Editors">Motion Picture Sound Editors</a> society honored Foley after his retirement in the early 1960s. Jack Foley passed away on November 9, 1967, at the age of 76. Foley himself calculated that he had walked over 5,000 miles (8,000 km) making sounds for films, and his work and legacy are still remembered to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-vintagenews_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vintagenews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-film_sound_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Foley_(sound_effects_artist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley (filmmaking)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Foley_(sound_effects_artist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-film_sound-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_sound_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsound.org/foley/jackfoley.htm">"The Story of Jack Foley"</a>. <i>FilmSound.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FilmSound.org&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+Jack+Foley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsound.org%2Ffoley%2Fjackfoley.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Foley+%28sound+effects+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vintagenews-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vintagenews_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vintagenews_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vintagenews_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vintagenews_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vintagenews_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalakoski2017" class="citation web cs1">Chalakoski, Martin (July 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/07/12/jack-foley-the-artist-who-brought-natural-sound-into-motion-pictures/">"Jack Foley: The artist who brought natural sound into motion pictures"</a>. <i>The Vintage News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vintage+News&rft.atitle=Jack+Foley%3A+The+artist+who+brought+natural+sound+into+motion+pictures&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft.aulast=Chalakoski&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevintagenews.com%2F2017%2F07%2F12%2Fjack-foley-the-artist-who-brought-natural-sound-into-motion-pictures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Foley+%28sound+effects+artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2012" class="citation web cs1">Wolf, Daphne (February–March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishamerica.com/2012/01/jack-foley-and-the-art-of-sound/">"Jack Foley and the Art of Sound"</a>. <i>Irish America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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