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<span>Preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explosive_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explosive_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Explosive character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explosive_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Energy content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Detection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_and_toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_and_toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Safety and toxicity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety_and_toxicity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety and toxicity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety_and_toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pink_and_red_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pink_and_red_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Pink and red water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pink_and_red_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecological_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecological_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ecological impact</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecological_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecological impact subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecological_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aqueous_solubility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aqueous_solubility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Aqueous solubility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aqueous_solubility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soil_adsorption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil_adsorption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Soil adsorption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soil_adsorption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_breakdown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_breakdown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Chemical breakdown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_breakdown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodegradation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodegradation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Biodegradation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodegradation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">TNT</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolueen" title="Trinitrotolueen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Trinitrotolueen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%8A_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="تي إن تي (مادة كيميائية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تي إن تي (مادة كيميائية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluol" title="Trinitrotoluol – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Trinitrotoluol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" title="تری‌نیتروتولوئن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تری‌نیتروتولوئن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ট্রাইনাইট্রোটলুইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্রাইনাইট্রোটলুইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Трынітраталуол – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трынітраталуол" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Трынітраталуол – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трынітраталуол" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Тротил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тротил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolu%C3%A8" title="Trinitrotoluè – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trinitrotoluè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trotyl" title="Trotyl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Trotyl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluol" title="Trinitrotoluol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trinitrotoluol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trot%C3%BC%C3%BCl" title="Trotüül – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Trotüül" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4,6-%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="2,4,6-τρινιτροτολουόλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="2,4,6-τρινιτροτολουόλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolueno" title="Trinitrotolueno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trinitrotolueno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT" title="TNT – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="TNT" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolueno" title="Trinitrotolueno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trinitrotolueno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تی‌ان‌تی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تی‌ان‌تی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolu%C3%A8ne" title="Trinitrotoluène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trinitrotoluène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%ADn%C3%ADtreatol%C3%BA%C3%A9in" title="Trínítreatolúéin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Trínítreatolúéin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A8%EB%A3%A8%EC%97%94" title="트라이나이트로톨루엔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트라이나이트로톨루엔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Տրոտիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տրոտիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ट्राइनाइट्रोटॉल्विन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्राइनाइट्रोटॉल्विन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluena" title="Trinitrotoluena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Trinitrotoluena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" title="Trinitrotoluene – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trinitrotoluene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT" title="TNT – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="TNT" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT" title="TNT – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="TNT" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟಿ ಎನ್ ಟಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಿ ಎನ್ ಟಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ტრინიტროტოლუოლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრინიტროტოლუოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trotil" title="Trotil – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Trotil" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" title="Trinitrotoluene – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Trinitrotoluene" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Тринитротолуол – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тринитротолуол" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluols" title="Trinitrotoluols – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trinitrotoluols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluol" title="Trinitrotoluol – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Trinitrotoluol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT" title="TNT – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="TNT" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluol" title="Trinitrotoluol – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Trinitrotoluol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Тринитротолуен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тринитротолуен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تى ان تى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تى ان تى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluena" title="Trinitrotoluena – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Trinitrotoluena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4,6-trinitrotolueen" title="2,4,6-trinitrotolueen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2,4,6-trinitrotolueen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3" title="トリニトロトルエン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トリニトロトルエン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolu%C3%A8n" title="Trinitrotoluèn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Trinitrotoluèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluol" title="Trinitrotoluol – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Trinitrotoluol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਟਰਾਈਨਾਈਟਰੋਟੌਲਵੀਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਰਾਈਨਾਈਟਰੋਟੌਲਵੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ٹی این ٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹی این ٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%8A_%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%86_%D9%BC%D9%8A" title="ټي اېن ټي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټي اېن ټي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trotyl" title="Trotyl – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trotyl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolueno" title="Trinitrotolueno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trinitrotolueno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Тринитротолуол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тринитротолуол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Тринитротолуол – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тринитротолуол" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT" title="TNT – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="TNT" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" title="Trinitrotoluene – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Trinitrotoluene" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotolu%C3%A9n" title="Trinitrotoluén – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Trinitrotoluén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تی ئێن تی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تی ئێن تی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Тринитротолуен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тринитротолуен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT" title="TNT – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="TNT" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trotyl" title="Trotyl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trotyl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Тринитротолуол – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тринитротолуол" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ไตรไนโตรโทลูอีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไตรไนโตรโทลูอีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Тринітротолуол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тринітротолуол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trinitrotoluen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2%E7%82%B8%E8%97%A5" title="黃色炸藥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃色炸藥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="三硝基甲苯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="三硝基甲苯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170167#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/TNT" title="View the 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Impact-resistant high explosive</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/TNT_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="TNT (disambiguation)">TNT (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitrotoluene.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Trinitrotoluene.svg/110px-Trinitrotoluene.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Trinitrotoluene.svg/165px-Trinitrotoluene.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Trinitrotoluene.svg/220px-Trinitrotoluene.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png/110px-TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png/165px-TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png/220px-TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TNT_Crystals2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="solid trinitrotoluene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/TNT_Crystals2.jpg/220px-TNT_Crystals2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/TNT_Crystals2.jpg/330px-TNT_Crystals2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/TNT_Crystals2.jpg/440px-TNT_Crystals2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2052" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Trinitrotoluene</li><li>2,4,6-Trinitromethylbenzene</li><li>2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol</li><li>TNT, Tolite, Trilite, Trinitrotoluol, Trinol, Tritolo, Tritolol, Triton, Tritone, Trotil, Trotol, Trotyl</li></ul></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=118-96-7">118-96-7</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=Cc1c%28cc%28cc1%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D%29%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D%29%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abbreviations </td> <td>TNT </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1236345">ChEMBL1236345</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.8073.html">8073</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01676">DB01676</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.900">100.003.900</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170167#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>204-289-6</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C16391">C16391</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8376">8376</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>XU0175000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/H43RF5TRM5">H43RF5TRM5</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_number" title="UN number">UN number</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_UN_Numbers_0201_to_0300" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UN Numbers 0201 to 0300">0209</a> – <i>Dry or wetted with < 30% water</i><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_UN_Numbers_0301_to_0400" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UN Numbers 0301 to 0400">0388, 0389</a> – <i>Mixtures with trinitrobenzene, hexanitrostilbene</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7024372">DTXSID7024372</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170167#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3</div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-2-3-5(8(11)12)7(10(15)16)6(4)9(13)14/h2-3H,1H3</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: FPKOPBFLPLFWAD-UHFFFAOYAR</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Cc1c(cc(cc1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>7</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>5</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>3</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>6</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002227132000000000♠"></span>227.132</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>Pale yellow solid. Loose "needles", flakes or <a href="/wiki/Prill" title="Prill">prills</a> before melt-<a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">casting</a>. A solid block after being poured into a casing. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>1.654 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>80.35 °C (176.63 °F; 353.50 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> </td> <td>240.0 °C (464.0 °F; 513.1 K) (decomposes)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>0.13 g/L (20 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">ether</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">acetone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyridine" title="Pyridine">pyridine</a> </td> <td>soluble </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> </td> <td>0.0002 mmHg (20°C)<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Explosive data </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shock_sensitivity" title="Shock sensitivity">Shock sensitivity</a> </td> <td>Insensitive </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Friction_sensitivity" title="Friction sensitivity">Friction sensitivity</a> </td> <td>Insensitive to 353 N </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Detonation_velocity" title="Detonation velocity">Detonation velocity</a> </td> <td>6900 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_effectiveness_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative effectiveness factor">RE factor</a> </td> <td>1.00 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-explos.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS01: Explosive"><img alt="GHS01: Explosive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/GHS-pictogram-explos.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-explos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/GHS-pictogram-explos.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-explos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/GHS-pictogram-explos.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-explos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS06: Toxic"><img alt="GHS06: Toxic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS08: Health hazard"><img alt="GHS08: Health hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS09: Environmental hazard"><img alt="GHS09: Environmental hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td><b>Danger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H201: Explosive: mass explosion hazard">H201</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H301: Toxic if swallowed">H301</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H311: Toxic in contact with skin">H311</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H331: Toxic if inhaled">H331</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure">H373</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects">H411</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P210: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.">P210</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P273: Avoid release to the environment.">P273</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P309+P311: IF exposed or you feel unwell: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P309+P311</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P370+P380: In case of fire: Evacuate area.">P370+P380</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P373: DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.">P373</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...">P501</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_e60019e3971cc770" /></span><map name="ImageMap_e60019e3971cc770"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerin" title="Instability 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerin" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" class="notheme mw-no-invert">1</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerin" class="notheme mw-no-invert">4</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><b>Lethal dose</b> or concentration (LD, LC): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LD<sub>50</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LD50" title="Lethal dose">median dose</a>)</div> </td> <td>795 mg/kg (rat, oral)<br />660 mg/kg (mouse, oral)<sup id="cite_ref-IDLH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDLH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LD<sub>Lo</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LDLo" title="Lethal dose">lowest published</a>)</div> </td> <td>500 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)<br />1850 mg/kg (cat, oral)<sup id="cite_ref-IDLH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDLH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><b>NIOSH</b></a> (US health exposure limits): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">PEL</a> (Permissible)</div> </td> <td>TWA 1.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> [skin]<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">REL</a> (Recommended)</div> </td> <td>TWA 0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> [skin]<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IDLH" class="mw-redirect" title="IDLH">IDLH</a> (Immediate danger)</div> </td> <td>500 mg/m<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0967.htm">ICSC 0967</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related compounds</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Picric_acid" title="Picric acid">picric acid</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hexanitrobenzene" title="Hexanitrobenzene">hexanitrobenzene</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2,4-Dinitrotoluene" title="2,4-Dinitrotoluene">2,4-Dinitrotoluene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=458775807&page2=TNT">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Trinitrotoluene</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/lj/: 'l' in 'lute'">lj</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more commonly known as <b>TNT</b> (and more specifically <b>2,4,6-trinitrotoluene</b>, and by its preferred <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> name <b>2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> with the formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>. TNT is occasionally used as a <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagent</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">chemical synthesis</a>, but it is best known as an <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">explosive material</a> with convenient handling properties. The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the <a href="/wiki/TNT_equivalent" title="TNT equivalent">standard comparative convention</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bomb" title="Bomb">bombs</a> and asteroid impacts. In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, TNT is used to generate <a href="/wiki/Charge_transfer_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Charge transfer complex">charge transfer salts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TNT was first synthesized in 1861 by German <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilbrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Wilbrand">Joseph Wilbrand</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was originally used as a yellow dye. Its potential as an explosive was not recognized for three decades, mainly because it was so much less sensitive than other explosives known at the time. Its explosive properties were discovered in 1891 by another German chemist, Carl Häussermann.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TNT can be safely poured when liquid into shell cases, and is so insensitive that in 1910 it was exempted from the UK's <a href="/wiki/History_of_fire_safety_legislation_in_the_United_Kingdom#Explosives_Act_1875" title="History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom">Explosives Act 1875</a> and was not considered an explosive for the purposes of manufacture and storage.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German armed forces adopted it as a filling for <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shells</a> in 1902. TNT-filled <a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing_ammunition" title="Armour-piercing ammunition">armour-piercing</a> shells would explode after they had penetrated the armour of British <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a>, whereas the British <a href="/wiki/Picric_acid" title="Picric acid">Lyddite</a>-filled shells tended to explode upon striking armour, thus expending much of their energy outside the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British started replacing Lyddite with TNT in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> continued filling <a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing" class="mw-redirect" title="Armour-piercing">armour-piercing</a> shells with <a href="/wiki/Dunnite" title="Dunnite">explosive D</a> after some other nations had switched to TNT, but began filling <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bomb" title="Bomb">bombs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">depth charges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> warheads with burster charges of crude grade B TNT with the color of brown sugar and requiring an <a href="/wiki/Explosive_booster" title="Explosive booster">explosive booster</a> charge of granular crystallized grade A TNT for detonation. High-explosive shells were filled with grade A TNT, which became preferred for other uses as industrial chemical capacity became available for removing <a href="/wiki/Xylene" title="Xylene">xylene</a> and similar <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a> from the toluene feedstock and other <a href="/wiki/Nitrotoluene" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrotoluene">nitrotoluene</a> <a href="/wiki/Isomer" title="Isomer">isomer</a> byproducts from the nitrating reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitrotoluen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chunks of explosives-grade TNT"><img alt="Chunks of explosives-grade TNT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Trinitrotoluen.JPG/200px-Trinitrotoluen.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Trinitrotoluen.JPG/300px-Trinitrotoluen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Trinitrotoluen.JPG/400px-Trinitrotoluen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chunks of explosives-grade TNT</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Trinitrotoluene melting at 81 °C (178 °F)"><img alt="Trinitrotoluene melting at 81 °C (178 °F)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG/159px-T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG/238px-T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG/317px-T%C3%A1n%C3%AD_TNT_p%C5%99i_81_%C2%B0C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="2785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trinitrotoluene melting at 81 °C (178 °F)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M795 artillery shells with fuzes fitted, labelled to indicate a filling of TNT"><img alt="M795 artillery shells with fuzes fitted, labelled to indicate a filling of TNT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg/200px-11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg/300px-11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg/400px-11th_Marine_Regiment_Desert_Fire_Exercise_130423-M-VH365-119.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M795" class="mw-redirect" title="M795">M795</a> artillery shells with <a href="/wiki/Fuze" title="Fuze">fuzes</a> fitted, labelled to indicate a filling of TNT</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M107 artillery shells. All are labelled to indicate a filling of "Comp B" (mixture of TNT and RDX) and have fuzes fitted"><img alt="M107 artillery shells. All are labelled to indicate a filling of "Comp B" (mixture of TNT and RDX) and have fuzes fitted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg/118px-USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg/177px-USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg/237px-USMC-100414-M-5241M-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="5407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M107_projectile" title="M107 projectile">M107</a> artillery shells. All are labelled to indicate a filling of "<a href="/wiki/Composition_B" title="Composition B">Comp B</a>" (mixture of TNT and <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>) and have <a href="/wiki/Fuze" title="Fuze">fuzes</a> fitted</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X4_RAK_ammo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A group of M120 Rak mortar shells. The dark green shells on the left are stencilled to indicate a filling of TNT"><img alt="A group of M120 Rak mortar shells. The dark green shells on the left are stencilled to indicate a filling of TNT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/X4_RAK_ammo.jpg/167px-X4_RAK_ammo.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/X4_RAK_ammo.jpg/250px-X4_RAK_ammo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/X4_RAK_ammo.jpg/334px-X4_RAK_ammo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="2604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A group of <a href="/wiki/M120_Rak" title="M120 Rak">M120 Rak</a> mortar shells. The dark green shells on the left are stencilled to indicate a filling of TNT </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Analysis of TNT production by branch of the German armed forces between 1941 and the first quarter of 1944, shown in thousands of tons per month"><img alt="Analysis of TNT production by branch of the German armed forces between 1941 and the first quarter of 1944, shown in thousands of tons per month" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif/137px-TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif" decoding="async" width="137" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif/205px-TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif/274px-TNT_Allocations_Germany.gif 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Analysis of TNT production by branch of the German armed forces between 1941 and the first quarter of 1944, shown in thousands of tons per month</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat,_shot_Bravo,_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detonation of the 500-ton TNT explosive charge as part of Operation Sailor Hat in 1965. The passing blast-wave left a white water surface behind and a white condensation cloud is visible overhead."><img alt="Detonation of the 500-ton TNT explosive charge as part of Operation Sailor Hat in 1965. The passing blast-wave left a white water surface behind and a white condensation cloud is visible overhead." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat%2C_shot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg/200px-TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat%2C_shot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat%2C_shot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg/300px-TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat%2C_shot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat%2C_shot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg/400px-TNT_detonation_on_Kaho%27olawe_Island_during_Operation_Sailor_Hat%2C_shot_Bravo%2C_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Detonation" title="Detonation">Detonation</a> of the 500-ton TNT explosive charge as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sailor_Hat" title="Operation Sailor Hat">Operation Sailor Hat</a> in 1965. The passing blast-wave left a white water surface behind and a white <a href="/wiki/Condensation_cloud" title="Condensation cloud">condensation cloud</a> is visible overhead.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In industry, TNT is produced in a three-step process. First, <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a> is <a href="/wiki/Nitration" title="Nitration">nitrated</a> with a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> to produce <a href="/wiki/Mononitrotoluene" title="Mononitrotoluene">mononitrotoluene</a> (MNT). The MNT is separated and then renitrated to <a href="/wiki/Dinitrotoluene" title="Dinitrotoluene">dinitrotoluene</a> (DNT). In the final step, the DNT is nitrated to trinitrotoluene (TNT) using an <a href="/wiki/Anhydrous" title="Anhydrous">anhydrous</a> mixture of nitric acid and <a href="/wiki/Oleum" title="Oleum">oleum</a>. Nitric acid is consumed by the manufacturing process, but the diluted sulfuric acid can be reconcentrated and reused. </p><p>After nitration, TNT can either be purified by crystallization from an organic solvent or stabilized by a process called sulfitation, where the crude TNT is treated with aqueous <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfite" title="Sodium sulfite">sodium sulfite</a> solution to remove less stable isomers of TNT and other undesired reaction products. The rinse water from sulfitation is known as <a href="#Pink_and_red_water">red water</a> and is a significant pollutant and waste product of TNT manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Control of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">nitrogen oxides</a> in feed nitric acid is very important because free <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">nitrogen dioxide</a> can result in oxidation of the methyl group of toluene. This reaction is highly <a href="/wiki/Exothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Exothermic">exothermic</a> and carries with it the risk of a runaway reaction leading to an explosion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the laboratory, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is produced by a two-step process. A nitrating mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids is used to nitrate toluene to a mixture of mono- and di-nitrotoluene isomers, with careful cooling to maintain temperature. The nitrated toluenes are then separated, washed with dilute <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">sodium bicarbonate</a> to remove oxides of nitrogen, and then carefully nitrated with a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Fuming_nitric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuming nitric acid">fuming nitric acid</a> and sulfuric acid.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TNT is one of the most commonly used explosives for military, industrial, and mining applications. TNT has been used in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a> (popularly known as fracking), a process used to acquire oil and gas from shale formations. The technique involves displacing and detonating <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">nitroglycerin</a> in hydraulically induced fractures followed by wellbore shots using pelletized TNT.<sup id="cite_ref-recovery_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recovery-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TNT is valued partly because of its insensitivity to shock and friction, with reduced risk of accidental <a href="/wiki/Detonation" title="Detonation">detonation</a> compared to more sensitive explosives such as <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">nitroglycerin</a>. TNT melts at 80 °C (176 °F), far below the temperature at which it will spontaneously detonate, allowing it to be poured or safely combined with other explosives. TNT neither absorbs nor dissolves in water, which allows it to be used effectively in wet environments. To detonate, TNT must be triggered by a pressure wave from a starter explosive, called an <a href="/wiki/Explosive_booster" title="Explosive booster">explosive booster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although blocks of TNT are available in various sizes (e.g. 250 g, 500 g, 1,000 g), it is more commonly encountered in <a href="/wiki/Synergistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Synergistic">synergistic</a> explosive blends comprising a variable percentage of TNT plus other ingredients. Examples of explosive blends containing TNT include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatex" title="Amatex">Amatex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a> and <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatol" title="Amatol">Amatol</a> (ammonium nitrate<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baratol_(explosive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baratol (explosive)">Baratol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barium_nitrate" title="Barium nitrate">barium nitrate</a> and wax<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_B" title="Composition B">Composition B</a> (RDX and paraffin wax<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_H6" class="mw-redirect" title="Composition H6">Composition H6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotol" title="Cyclotol">Cyclotol</a> (RDX)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ednatol" title="Ednatol">Ednatol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexanite" title="Hexanite">Hexanite</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Hexanitrodiphenylamine" title="Hexanitrodiphenylamine">hexanitrodiphenylamine</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minol_(explosive)" title="Minol (explosive)">Minol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octol" title="Octol">Octol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentolite" title="Pentolite">Pentolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picratol" title="Picratol">Picratol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrytol" title="Tetrytol">Tetrytol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpex" title="Torpex">Torpex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritonal" title="Tritonal">Tritonal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explosive_character">Explosive character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Explosive character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon <a href="/wiki/Detonation" title="Detonation">detonation</a>, TNT undergoes a decomposition equivalent to the reaction </p> <dl><dd>2 C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub> → 3 N<sub>2</sub> + 5 H<sub>2</sub> + 12 CO + 2 C</dd></dl> <p>plus some of the reactions </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + CO → <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span> + C</dd></dl> <p>and </p> <dl><dd>2 CO → <span class="chemf nowrap">CO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> + C.</dd></dl> <p>The reaction is <a href="/wiki/Exothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Exothermic">exothermic</a> but has a high <a href="/wiki/Activation_energy" title="Activation energy">activation energy</a> in the gas phase (~62 kcal/mol). The condensed phases (solid or liquid) show markedly lower activation energies of roughly 35 kcal/mol due to unique bimolecular decomposition routes at elevated densities.<sup id="cite_ref-Furman_Kosloff_Dubnikova_Zybin_pp._4192–4200_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furman_Kosloff_Dubnikova_Zybin_pp._4192–4200-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the production of <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, TNT explosions have a sooty appearance. Because TNT has an excess of carbon, explosive mixtures with oxygen-rich compounds can yield more energy per kilogram than TNT alone. During the 20th century <a href="/wiki/Amatol" title="Amatol">amatol</a>, a mixture of TNT with <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a>, was a widely used military explosive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>TNT can be detonated with a high velocity initiator or by efficient concussion.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For many years, TNT used to be the reference point for the <a href="/wiki/Figure_of_Insensitivity" title="Figure of Insensitivity">Figure of Insensitivity</a>. TNT had a rating of exactly 100 on the "F of I" scale. The reference has since been changed to a more sensitive explosive called <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>, which has an F of I rating of 80.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_content">Energy content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Energy content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/TNT_equivalent" title="TNT equivalent">TNT equivalent</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg/220px-British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg/330px-British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg/440px-British_20_mm_Oerlikon_shell_diagrams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Cross-sectional view of <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon 20 mm cannon</a> shells (dating from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1945</span>) showing color codes for TNT and <a href="/wiki/Pentolite" title="Pentolite">pentolite</a> fillings</figcaption></figure> <p>The energy density of TNT is used as a reference point for many other explosives, including nuclear weapons, as their energy content is measured in equivalent tonnes (metric tons, t) of TNT. The energy used by <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a> to define the equivalent is 4.184 <a href="/wiki/Gigajoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigajoule">GJ</a>/t.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For safety assessments, it has been stated that the detonation of TNT, depending on circumstances, can release 2.673–6.702 GJ/t.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Heat_of_combustion" title="Heat of combustion">heat of combustion</a> however is 14.5 GJ/t (14.5 MJ/kg or 4.027 kWh/kg), which requires that the carbon in TNT fully react with atmospheric oxygen, which does not occur in the initial event.<sup id="cite_ref-babrauskas_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-babrauskas-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For comparison, <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> contains 3 MJ/kg, <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a> contains 7.5 MJ/kg, and <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> contains 47.2 MJ/kg (though gasoline requires an <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidant</a>, so an optimized gasoline and O<sub>2</sub> mixture contains 10.4 MJ/kg).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detection">Detection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Detection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various methods can be used to detect TNT, including optical and <a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_gas_sensor" title="Electrochemical gas sensor">electrochemical</a> sensors and <a href="/wiki/Explosive-sniffing_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive-sniffing dog">explosive-sniffing dogs.</a> In 2013, researchers from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Technology" title="Indian Institutes of Technology">Indian Institutes of Technology</a> using <a href="/wiki/Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">noble-metal</a> quantum clusters could detect TNT at the sub-<a href="/wiki/Zeptomolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeptomolar">zeptomolar</a> (10<sup>−18</sup> mol/m<sup>3</sup>) level.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_and_toxicity">Safety and toxicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Safety and toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TNT is poisonous, and skin contact can cause skin irritation, causing the skin to turn a bright yellow-orange color. During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, female munition workers who handled the chemical found that their skin turned bright yellow, which resulted in their acquiring the nickname "<a href="/wiki/Canary_girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Canary girls">canary girls</a>" or simply "canaries".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People exposed to TNT over a prolonged period tend to experience <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a> and abnormal <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> functions. <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">Blood</a> and liver effects, <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a> enlargement and other harmful effects on the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> have also been found in animals that ingested or breathed trinitrotoluene. There is evidence that TNT adversely affects male <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TNT is listed as a possible human <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogen</a>, with carcinogenic effects demonstrated in animal experiments with rats, although effects upon humans so far amount to none (according to IRIS of March 15, 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumption of TNT produces red <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> through the presence of breakdown products and not blood as sometimes believed.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some military testing grounds are contaminated with <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a> from munitions programs, including contamination of surface and <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">subsurface waters</a> which may be colored pink because of the presence of TNT. Such contamination, called "pink water", may be difficult and expensive to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">remedy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>TNT is prone to <a href="/wiki/Exudation" class="mw-redirect" title="Exudation">exudation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dinitrotoluene" title="Dinitrotoluene">dinitrotoluenes</a> and other isomers of trinitrotoluene when <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">projectiles</a> containing TNT are stored at higher temperatures in warmer climates. Exudation of impurities leads to formation of pores and cracks (which in turn cause increased shock sensitivity). Migration of the exudated liquid into the <a href="/wiki/Fuze_(explosives)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuze (explosives)">fuze</a> screw thread can form <i>fire channels</i>, increasing the risk of accidental detonation. Fuze malfunction can also result from the liquid migrating into the fuze mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_silicate" title="Calcium silicate">Calcium silicate</a> is mixed with TNT to mitigate the tendency towards exudation.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pink_and_red_water">Pink and red water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pink and red water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the author, see <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pinkwater" title="Daniel Pinkwater">Daniel Pinkwater</a>.</div> <p><b>Pink water</b> and <b>red water</b> are two distinct types of <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a> related to trinitrotoluene.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pink water is produced from equipment washing processes after <a href="/wiki/Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions">munitions</a> filling or <a href="/wiki/Demilitarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Demilitarization">demilitarization</a> operations,<sup id="cite_ref-NDCEE_1995_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDCEE_1995-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deuren_2002_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deuren_2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as such is generally saturated with the maximum amount of TNT that will dissolve in water (about 150 parts per million (ppm).) However it has an indefinite composition that depends on the exact process; in particular, it may also contain <a href="/wiki/Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine">cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine</a> (RDX) if the plant uses TNT/RDX mixtures, or <a href="/wiki/HMX" title="HMX">HMX</a> if TNT/HMX is used. <b>Red water</b> (also known as "Sellite water") is produced during the process used to purify the crude TNT. It has a complex composition containing more than a dozen aromatic compounds, but the principal components are inorganic salts (<a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">sodium sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfite" title="Sodium sulfite">sodium sulfite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite" title="Sodium nitrite">sodium nitrite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">sodium nitrate</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid#Sulfonic_acids" title="Sulfonic acid">sulfonated</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound#Aromatic_nitro_compounds" title="Nitro compound">nitroaromatics</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Pink and red water are colorless at the time of generation; the color is produced by <a href="/wiki/Photolysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Photolysis">photolytic</a> reactions under the influence of sunlight. Despite the names, red and pink water are not necessarily different shades; the color depends mainly on the duration of solar exposure. If exposed long enough, "pink" water may turn various shades of pink, red, rusty orange, or black.<sup id="cite_ref-Deuren_2002_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deuren_2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burlinson_1973_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burlinson_1973-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the toxicity of TNT, the discharge of pink water to the environment has been prohibited in the US and many other countries for decades, but ground contamination may exist in very old plants. However, RDX and <a href="/wiki/Tetryl" title="Tetryl">tetryl</a> contamination is usually considered more problematic, as TNT has very low soil mobility. Red water is significantly more toxic and as such it has always been considered hazardous waste. It has traditionally been disposed of by evaporation to dryness (as the toxic components are not volatile), followed by incineration. Much research has been conducted to develop better disposal processes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecological_impact">Ecological impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ecological impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of its suitability in construction and demolition, TNT has become the most widely used explosive and thus its toxicity is the most characterized and reported. Residual TNT from manufacture, storage, and use can pollute water, soil, the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concentration of TNT in contaminated soil can reach 50 g/kg of soil, where the highest concentrations can be found on or near the surface. In September 2001, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (USEPA) declared TNT a pollutant whose removal is a priority.<sup id="cite_ref-Esteve-Nunez_2001_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esteve-Nunez_2001-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The USEPA maintains that TNT levels in soil should not exceed 17.2 milligrams per kilogram of soil and 0.01 milligrams per litre of water.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayoub_2010_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayoub_2010-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aqueous_solubility">Aqueous solubility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aqueous solubility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution (chemistry)">Dissolution</a> is a measure of the rate that solid TNT in contact with water is dissolved. The relatively low <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">aqueous solubility</a> of TNT causes solid particles to be continuously released to the environment over extended periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-Pichtel_2012_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pichtel_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies have shown that TNT dissolves more slowly in saline water than in freshwater. However, when salinity is altered, TNT dissolves at the same speed.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15757688_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15757688-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because TNT is moderately soluble in water, it can migrate through subsurface soil, and cause <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12187997_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12187997-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soil_adsorption">Soil adsorption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Soil adsorption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a> is a measure of the distribution between soluble and sediment adsorbed contaminants following attainment of equilibrium. TNT and its transformation products are known to adsorb to surface soils and sediments, where they undergo reactive transformation or remained stored.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19329139_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19329139-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement or organic contaminants through soils is a function of their ability to associate with the mobile phase (water) and a stationary phase (soil). Materials that associate strongly with soils move slowly through soil. The association constant for TNT with soil is 2.7 to 11 L/kg of soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Haderlein_1996_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haderlein_1996-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that TNT has a one- to tenfold tendency to adhere to soil particulates than not when introduced into the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Pichtel_2012_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pichtel_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bonding" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bonding">Hydrogen bonding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ion_exchange" title="Ion exchange">ion exchange</a> are two suggested mechanisms of adsorption between the nitro functional groups and soil colloids. </p><p>The number of <a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">functional groups</a> on TNT influences the ability to adsorb into soil. Adsorption coefficient values have been shown to increase with an increase in the number of amino groups. Thus, adsorption of the TNT decomposition product 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) was greater than that for 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), which was greater than that for TNT.<sup id="cite_ref-Pichtel_2012_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pichtel_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lower adsorption coefficients for 2,6-DNT compared to 2,4-DNT can be attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Steric_effects" title="Steric effects">steric</a> hindrance of the NO<sub>2</sub> group in the <a href="/wiki/Arene_substitution_pattern" title="Arene substitution pattern">ortho position</a>. </p><p>Research has shown that in freshwater environments, with high abundances of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, the adsorption of TNT and its transformation products to soils and sediments may be lower than observed in a saline environment, dominated by K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>. Therefore, when considering the adsorption of TNT, the type of soil or sediment and the ionic composition and strength of the ground water are important factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_2002_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington_2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The association constants for TNT and its degradation products with clays have been determined. Clay minerals have a significant effect on the adsorption of energetic compounds. Soil properties, such as organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity have significant impacts on the adsorption coefficients. </p><p>Additional studies have shown that the mobility of TNT degradation products is likely to be lower "than TNT in subsurface environments where specific adsorption to clay minerals dominates the sorption process."<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_2002_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington_2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the mobility of TNT and its transformation products are dependent on the characteristics of the sorbent.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_2002_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington_2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mobility of TNT in groundwater and soil has been extrapolated from "sorption and desorption <a href="/wiki/Isothermal_process" title="Isothermal process">isotherm models</a> determined with <a href="/wiki/Humic_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Humic acids">humic acids</a>, in aquifer sediments, and soils".<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_2002_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington_2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From these models, it is predicted that TNT has a low retention and transports readily in the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Esteve-Nunez_2001_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esteve-Nunez_2001-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to other explosives, TNT has a higher association constant with soil, meaning it adheres more with soil than with water. Conversely, other explosives, such as <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMX" title="HMX">HMX</a> with low association constants (ranging from 0.06 to 7.3 L/kg and 0 to 1.6 L/kg respectively) can move more rapidly in water.<sup id="cite_ref-Pichtel_2012_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pichtel_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_breakdown">Chemical breakdown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chemical breakdown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TNT is a reactive molecule and is particularly prone to react with reduced components of sediments or <a href="/wiki/Photodegradation" title="Photodegradation">photodegradation</a> in the presence of sunlight. TNT is thermodynamically and kinetically capable of reacting with a wide number of components of many environmental systems. This includes wholly abiotic reactants, like <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrous" title="Ferrous">Fe<sup>2+</sup></a>, or microbial communities, both oxic and anoxic and photochemical degradation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Soils with high clay contents or small particle sizes and high <a href="/wiki/Total_organic_carbon" title="Total organic carbon">total organic carbon content</a> have been shown to promote TNT transformation. Possible TNT transformations include <a href="/wiki/Reduction_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduction reaction">reduction</a> of one, two, or three nitro-moieties to amines and coupling of amino transformation products to form <a href="/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimer (chemistry)">dimers</a>. Formation of the two monoamino transformation products, 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT, is energetically favored, and therefore is observed in contaminated soils and ground water. The diamino products are energetically less favorable, and even less likely are the triamino products.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The transformation of TNT is significantly enhanced under anaerobic conditions as well as under highly reducing conditions. TNT transformations in soils can occur both biologically and abiotically.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_2002_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington_2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Photolysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Photolysis">Photolysis</a> is a major process that impacts the transformation of energetic compounds. The alteration of a molecule in photolysis occurs by direct absorption of light energy or by the transfer of energy from a photosensitized compound. <a href="/wiki/Phototransformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Phototransformation">Phototransformation</a> of TNT "results in the formation of <a href="/wiki/Nitrobenzene" title="Nitrobenzene">nitrobenzenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzaldehyde" title="Benzaldehyde">benzaldehydes</a>, azodicarboxylic acids, and <a href="/wiki/Nitrophenol" title="Nitrophenol">nitrophenols</a>, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methyl_group" title="Methyl group">methyl groups</a>, reduction of <a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">nitro groups</a>, and dimer formation."<sup id="cite_ref-Pichtel_2012_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pichtel_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evidence of the photolysis of TNT has been seen due to the color change to pink of TNT-containing wastewaters when exposed to sunlight. Photolysis is more rapid in river water than in distilled water. Ultimately, photolysis affects the fate of TNT primarily in the aquatic environment but could also affect the fate of TNT in soil when the soil surface is exposed to sunlight.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_2002_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington_2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biodegradation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ligninolytic physiological phase and manganese peroxidase system of fungi can cause a very limited amount of mineralization of TNT in a liquid culture, though not in soil. An organism capable of the remediation of large amounts of TNT in soil has yet to be discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11131384_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11131384-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both wild and transgenic plants can <a href="/wiki/Phytoremediation" title="Phytoremediation">phytoremediate</a> explosives from soil and water.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22996005_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22996005-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">Dynamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_fate_of_TNT" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental fate of TNT">Environmental fate of TNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMX-101" title="IMX-101">IMX-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_explosives_used_during_World_War_II" title="List of explosives used during World War II">List of explosives used during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegmatized" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlegmatized">Phlegmatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RE_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="RE factor">RE factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_explosive_detonation_velocities" title="Table of explosive detonation velocities">Table of explosive detonation velocities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_equivalent" title="TNT equivalent">TNT equivalent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_test" title="Webster's test">Webster's test</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/87172748">"Cid 87172748"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%230641&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+%28NIOSH%29&rft.au=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0641.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATNT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDLH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IDLH_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IDLH_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/118967.html">"2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene"</a>. <i>Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for 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Springer Science & Business Media. p. 404. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-30421-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-30421-0"><bdi>978-3-540-30421-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Shock+Waves%2C+Explosions+and+Impact%3A+A+Chronological+and+Biographical+Reference&rft.pages=404&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-540-30421-0&rft.au=Peter+O.+K.+Krehl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmuqCHDC3pwC%26pg%3DPA404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATNT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brown_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brown_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown_GI1998" class="citation book cs1">Brown GI (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bigbanghistoryof00brow/page/151"><i>The Big Bang: a History of Explosives</i></a></span>. Sutton Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bigbanghistoryof00brow/page/151">151–153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1878-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1878-7"><bdi>978-0-7509-1878-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Bang%3A+a+History+of+Explosives&rft.pages=151-153&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-1878-7&rft.au=Brown+GI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbigbanghistoryof00brow%2Fpage%2F151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATNT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Skentelbery1975" class="citation book cs1">Norman Skentelbery (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySQGAAAAMAAJ"><i>Arrows to Atom Bombs: A History of the Ordnance Board</i></a> (2nd ed.). 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id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trinitrotoluene" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Trinitrotoluene">Trinitrotoluene</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_dynamite.htm">Dynamite and TNT</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb3y6m-buco">"TNT" on YouTube</a> showing the shockwave and typical black smoke cloud from detonation of 160 kilograms of pure TNT</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0641.html">CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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