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data-depth="2" data-attribute="harvard-museums-of-science-and-culture" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Harvard Museums of Science and Culture </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-standard_list"><a href="http://www.huh.harvard.edu/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="harvard-university-herbaria" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Harvard University Herbaria </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-standard_list"><a href="http://mgmh.fas.harvard.edu/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="mineralogical-and-geological-museum" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Mineralogical and Geological Museum </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-standard_list"><a href="http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="museum-of-comparative-zoology" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Museum of Comparative Zoology </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-standard_list"><a href="http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="the-peabody-museum-of-archaeology-and-ethnology" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-standard_list"><a href="https://countway.harvard.edu/center-history-medicine/collections-research-access/warren-anatomical-museum-collection" data-depth="2" data-attribute="warren-anatomical-museum" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Warren Anatomical Museum </span> </strong> </a></li> </ol> </div> </li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/campus/athletics/" data-depth="1" data-attribute="athletics" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Athletics<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/campus/work-at-harvard/" data-depth="1" data-attribute="work-at-harvard" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Work at Harvard<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/harvard-events/" data-depth="1" data-attribute="events" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Events<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1"><a href="http://commencement.harvard.edu/" data-depth="1" data-attribute="commencement" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Commencement<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> </ol></div> </li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-0 nav-primary__item--has-children"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-61337" data-id="61337" data-id-parent="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61337" data-depth="0" data-attribute="in-focus" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-0 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">In Focus</span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-1"id="menu-item-child-61337" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="1" aria-labelledby="menu-item-61337" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-1"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-1"> <button id="menu-item-back-61337" class="nav-primary__back-action nav-primary__back-action--depth-1" title="Return to main menu" data-js="trigger-menu-return" aria-label="Return to main menu" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61337" aria-expanded="true" > <span class="nav-primary__back-action-icon icon icon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> In Focus </button> </div> <div class="nav-primary__subsec-header"> <strong class="nav-primary__subsec-title"> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/in-focus/" class="nav-primary__subsec-title-link" rel="bookmark" data-attribute="in-focus" > In Focus <span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> </strong> <span class="nav-primary__subsec-description"> Explore a curated examination of Harvard's research, scholarly work, and community. Recent topics include: </span> </div> </div> <ol class="nav-primary__child-list nav-primary__child-list--depth-1 "> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1 nav-primary__item--has-children nav-primary__item--sub-mob-vis-true"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-61466" data-id="61466" data-id-parent="61337" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61466" data-depth="1" data-attribute="food" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Food<span class="icon icon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-2"id="menu-item-child-61466" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="2" aria-labelledby="menu-item-61466" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-2"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-2"> <button id="menu-item-back-61466" class="nav-primary__back-action nav-primary__back-action--depth-2" title="Return to main menu" data-js="trigger-menu-return" aria-label="Return to main menu" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61466" aria-expanded="true" > <span class="nav-primary__back-action-icon icon icon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> In Focus </button> </div> <div class="nav-primary__subsec-header"> <strong class="nav-primary__subsec-title"> Food </strong> <span class="nav-primary__subsec-description"> Food nourishes us, inspires us, and brings us together. The Harvard community is exploring nutrition, sustainability, and the science behind the things we eat. </span> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/in-focus/food/" class="nav-primary__subsec-cta" rel="bookmark" data-attribute="dig-in" > <span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>Dig in </a> </div> </div> <ol class="nav-primary__child-list nav-primary__child-list--depth-2 nav-primary__child-list--layout-content_cards"><li class="nav-primary__item-content_cards-wrapper"><strong class="nav-primary__item--content-card-title" id="content-card-title-61466">What's inside?</strong><ol class="nav-primary__list-content_cards-wrapper" aria-labelledby="content-card-title-61466"> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-content_cards"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/09/why-do-we-crave-junk-food-diet-psychology/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="explore-why-we-crave-junk-food" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <figure class="nav-primary__item-image c-image" style="padding-top: 56.34765625%;"> <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="Nuggets and fries" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/chicken-nuggets-246180_1280.jpg?w=300 300w 169h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/chicken-nuggets-246180_1280.jpg?w=600 600w 338h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </figure> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Explore why we crave junk food </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-content_cards"><a href="https://pll.harvard.edu/catalog?keywords=cooking" data-depth="2" data-attribute="learn-the-chemistry-and-physics-of-cooking" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <figure class="nav-primary__item-image c-image" style="padding-top: 56.22641509434%;"> <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A jar with a sourdough starter in front of some wheat" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Fermentation_Image-1.jpeg?w=300 300w 169h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Fermentation_Image-1.jpeg?w=530 530w 298h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </figure> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Learn the chemistry and physics of cooking </span> </strong> </a></li> </ol></li></ol> </div> </li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1 nav-primary__item--has-children nav-primary__item--sub-mob-vis-true"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-61280" data-id="61280" data-id-parent="61337" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61280" data-depth="1" data-attribute="the-enhanced-body" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">The Enhanced Body<span class="icon icon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-2"id="menu-item-child-61280" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="2" aria-labelledby="menu-item-61280" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-2"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-2"> <button id="menu-item-back-61280" class="nav-primary__back-action nav-primary__back-action--depth-2" title="Return to main menu" data-js="trigger-menu-return" aria-label="Return to main menu" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61280" aria-expanded="true" > <span class="nav-primary__back-action-icon icon icon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> In Focus </button> </div> <div class="nav-primary__subsec-header"> <strong class="nav-primary__subsec-title"> The Enhanced Body </strong> <span class="nav-primary__subsec-description"> From glasses and hearing aids to responsive prosthetics and 3D-printed organs, assistive body augmentations have changed the way we live. </span> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/in-focus/prosthetics/" class="nav-primary__subsec-cta" rel="bookmark" data-attribute="explore-the-advancements" > <span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>Explore the advancements </a> </div> </div> <ol class="nav-primary__child-list nav-primary__child-list--depth-2 nav-primary__child-list--layout-content_cards"><li class="nav-primary__item-content_cards-wrapper"><ol class="nav-primary__list-content_cards-wrapper" aria-labelledby="content-card-title-61280"> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-content_cards"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/10/daniel-buser-honored-at-harvard-school-of-dental-medicine/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="the-progress-of-dental-implants" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <figure class="nav-primary__item-image c-image" style="padding-top: 65.72265625%;"> <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A close-up of a dental implant" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/dental-implants.jpg?w=300 300w 197h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/dental-implants.jpg?w=600 600w 394h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </figure> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> The progress of dental implants </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-content_cards"><a href="https://gsas.harvard.edu/news/walk-robot" data-depth="2" data-attribute="the-innovation-of-wearable-robotics" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <figure class="nav-primary__item-image c-image" style="padding-top: 66.69921875%;"> <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A diagram of how a wearable robot works" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Wearable-robotics.jpg?w=300 300w 200h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Wearable-robotics.jpg?w=600 600w 400h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </figure> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> The innovation of wearable robotics </span> </strong> </a></li> </ol></li></ol> </div> </li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1 nav-primary__item--has-children nav-primary__item--sub-mob-vis-true"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-61167" data-id="61167" data-id-parent="61337" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61167" data-depth="1" data-attribute="veterans" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Veterans<span class="icon icon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-2"id="menu-item-child-61167" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="2" aria-labelledby="menu-item-61167" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-2"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-2"> <button id="menu-item-back-61167" class="nav-primary__back-action nav-primary__back-action--depth-2" title="Return to main menu" data-js="trigger-menu-return" aria-label="Return to main menu" aria-controls="menu-item-child-61167" aria-expanded="true" > <span class="nav-primary__back-action-icon icon icon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> In Focus </button> </div> <div class="nav-primary__subsec-header"> <strong class="nav-primary__subsec-title"> Tradition of Service </strong> <span class="nav-primary__subsec-description"> Harvard celebrates the long, proud legacy of students and alumni who answer the call to military service. </span> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/in-focus/veterans/" class="nav-primary__subsec-cta" rel="bookmark" data-attribute="explore-harvards-military-legacy" > <span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>Explore Harvard's military legacy </a> </div> </div> <ol class="nav-primary__child-list nav-primary__child-list--depth-2 nav-primary__child-list--layout-content_cards"><li class="nav-primary__item-content_cards-wrapper"><strong class="nav-primary__item--content-card-title" id="content-card-title-61167">What's inside</strong><ol class="nav-primary__list-content_cards-wrapper" aria-labelledby="content-card-title-61167"> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-content_cards"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/series/harvard-and-the-military/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="harvard-and-the-military" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <figure class="nav-primary__item-image c-image" style="padding-top: 66.6%;"> <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="Three people being sworn into the military" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/052423_ROTC_KS_621-e1730139618386.jpeg?w=300 300w 200h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/052423_ROTC_KS_621-e1730139618386.jpeg?w=500 500w 333h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </figure> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> Harvard and the military </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-content_cards"><a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/11/number-of-armed-services-veterans-at-harvard-on-the-rise/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="the-long-crimson-line" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <figure class="nav-primary__item-image c-image" style="padding-top: 66.69921875%;"> <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A student veteran wearing a "Harvard" sweatshirt looks up at names on the walls of Memorial Church" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/102524_Alexandria_Durrant_11.jpg?w=300 300w 200h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/102524_Alexandria_Durrant_11.jpg?w=600 600w 400h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </figure> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> The long Crimson line </span> </strong> </a></li> </ol></li></ol> </div> </li> </ol></div> </li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-0 nav-primary__item--has-children"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-5404" data-id="5404" data-id-parent="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-5404" data-bgd-image-id="0-5404-0" data-depth="0" data-attribute="visit" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-0 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Visit</span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-1"id="menu-item-child-5404" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="1" aria-labelledby="menu-item-5404" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-1"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-1"> <button 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class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Tours<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/visit/maps-directions/" data-depth="1" data-attribute="maps-and-directions" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Maps and directions<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/visit/tour-providers/" data-depth="1" data-attribute="tour-providers" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">Tour Providers<span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></a></li> </ol></div> </li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-0 nav-primary__item--has-children"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-9083" data-id="9083" data-id-parent="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-9083" data-bgd-image-id="0-9083-0" data-depth="0" data-attribute="about" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-0 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">About</span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-1"id="menu-item-child-9083" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="1" aria-labelledby="menu-item-9083" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-1"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-1"> <button id="menu-item-back-9083" class="nav-primary__back-action nav-primary__back-action--depth-1" title="Return to main menu" data-js="trigger-menu-return" aria-label="Return to main menu" aria-controls="menu-item-child-9083" aria-expanded="true" > <span class="nav-primary__back-action-icon icon icon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> About </button> </div> <div class="nav-primary__subsec-header"> <strong class="nav-primary__subsec-title"> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/" class="nav-primary__subsec-title-link" rel="bookmark" data-attribute="about-harvard" > About Harvard <span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> </strong> <span class="nav-primary__subsec-description"> Learn how Harvard is structured, explore our long history, and discover our extended community. </span> </div> </div> <ol class="nav-primary__child-list nav-primary__child-list--depth-1 "> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-1 nav-primary__item--has-children nav-primary__item--sub-mob-vis-true nav-primary__item--is-current-parent"><button title="Toggle Sub-Menu" data-js="trigger-child-menu" id="menu-item-26766" data-id="26766" data-id-parent="9083" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-item-child-26766" data-depth="1" data-attribute="history-of-harvard" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-1 nav-primary__action--has-children"><span class="nav-primary__action-text">History of Harvard<span class="icon icon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></button> <div class="nav-primary__child nav-primary__child--depth-2"id="menu-item-child-26766" data-js="child-menu" data-depth="2" aria-labelledby="menu-item-26766" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-primary__subsec nav-primary__subsec--top nav-primary__subsec--has-content nav-primary__subsec--depth-2"> <div class="nav-primary__back nav-primary__back--depth-2"> <button id="menu-item-back-26766" class="nav-primary__back-action nav-primary__back-action--depth-2" title="Return to main menu" data-js="trigger-menu-return" aria-label="Return to main menu" aria-controls="menu-item-child-26766" aria-expanded="true" > <span class="nav-primary__back-action-icon icon icon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> About </button> </div> <div class="nav-primary__subsec-header"> <strong class="nav-primary__subsec-title"> History of Harvard </strong> <span class="nav-primary__subsec-description"> Harvard is perhaps best-known because of its enduring history of innovation in education. But even die-hard Harvard buffs are not likely to know all of these Harvard firsts and historical snippets. </span> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/" class="nav-primary__subsec-cta" rel="bookmark" data-attribute="learn-more-about-harvards-history" > <span class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>Learn more about Harvard's history </a> </div> </div> <ol class="nav-primary__child-list nav-primary__child-list--depth-2 nav-primary__child-list--layout-standard_list"> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--layout-standard_list"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/timeline/" data-depth="2" data-attribute="history-timeline" class="nav-primary__action nav-primary__action--depth-2"> <strong class="nav-primary__item-title"> <span class="nav-primary__item-title-text"> History timeline </span> </strong> </a></li> <li class="nav-primary__item nav-primary__item--depth-2 nav-primary__item--is-current 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class="c-secondary-subheader t-theme--light has-meta no-subtitle overlay-dark has-featured-image" aria-label="Secondary Subheader"> <figure class="c-secondary-subheader__bg-img c-image" > <div class="c-image__image" role="img" aria-label="A gold Nobel Prize coin in a box" style="background-image:url('https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/102319_Historical_012-scaled.jpg?w=2000');"></div> </figure> <div class="l-container c-secondary-subheader__container"> <div class="c-secondary-subheader__column-left"> <div class="page-breadcrumb"> <div class="l-container"> <span><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/">History of Harvard</a></span> </div> </div> <h1 class="c-secondary-subheader__title" > Meet our Nobel Laureates</h1> </div> <div class="c-secondary-subheader__column-right"> </div> </div> <div class="c-secondary-subheader__meta-wrap"> <div class="c-secondary-subheader__meta"> <span class="c-secondary-subheader__meta-caption">The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 given to Julian Schwinger, housed at the Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments<br /> </span> </div> </div> </header> <div class="page-secondary-nav-wrap horizontal"> <div class="page-secondary-nav"> <nav class="secondary-nav secondary-nav--mobile collapsed" data-js="secondary-nav-mobile" aria-label="Secondary Mobile"> <div class="secondary-nav__container"> <div class="menu-secondary-nav-about-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-nav-about" class="menu"><li data-id="menu-item-5447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-5447"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/"><span>About Harvard</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li data-id="menu-item-26788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children 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all-screens" ></div> <section class="c-block--remove-top-padding c-block b-interstitial" > <div class="l-container"> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-interstitial__content-container c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h2 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__title h3 c-content-block__title" > Harvard’s Nobel Laureates</h2> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>Established in 1895 by the Swedish chemist and inventor of dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel, the Nobel Prize is an annual award acknowledging outstanding contributions to physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__wrap"> <div class="b-interstitial__container"> <div class="b-interstitial__media b-interstitial__media-overlay--dark"> <div class="b-interstitial__figure c-image--bg c-image" > <div class="b-interstitial__img b-interstitial__img--desktop c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="man talking on a cell phone" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/100724_Nobel_Medicine_09.jpeg?w=1440 1440w 960h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/100724_Nobel_Medicine_09.jpeg?w=1152 1152w 768h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__featured_content-block c-block__featured_header b-interstitial__featured_content-container t-theme--light c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h3 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__feature-title h3 c-content-block__title" > Medicine</h3> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__feature-text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>Gary Ruvkun, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School and an investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital, is a recipient of the 2024 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery of microRNAs, a class of tiny RNA molecules that regulate the activities of thousands of genes in plants and animals, including humans.</p> <p> </p> </div> <p class="c-content-block__cta"> <a class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right c-content-block__cta-link" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/medicine/" aria-label="See all of our medicine laureates"> <span class="a-btn__text"> See all of our medicine laureates </span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class=" c-block b-interstitial feature-layout-right" > <div class="l-container"> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-interstitial__content-container c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__wrap"> <div class="b-interstitial__container"> <div class="b-interstitial__media b-interstitial__media-overlay--dark"> <div class="b-interstitial__figure c-image--bg c-image" > <div class="b-interstitial__img b-interstitial__img--desktop c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="Man standing in a library of books." data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Glauber_3.jpg?w=1231 1231w 823h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Glauber_3.jpg?w=1152 1152w 770h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__featured_content-block c-block__featured_header b-interstitial__featured_content-container t-theme--light c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h3 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__feature-title h3 c-content-block__title" > Physics</h3> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__feature-text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>A pioneering theoretical physicist from the dawn of the atomic age, Roy Glauber updated the theory of the nature of light from its origins in the 19th century to include modern quantum principles. He helped explain how light can travel in the form of quanta (particles) as well as rays or waves.</p> <p> </p> </div> <p class="c-content-block__cta"> <a class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right c-content-block__cta-link" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/physics/" aria-label="See all of our physics laureates"> <span class="a-btn__text"> See all of our physics laureates </span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-block--remove-top-padding c-block b-interstitial feature-layout-right" > <div class="l-container"> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-interstitial__content-container c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__wrap"> <div class="b-interstitial__container"> <div class="b-interstitial__media b-interstitial__media-overlay--dark"> <div class="b-interstitial__figure c-image--bg c-image" > <div class="b-interstitial__img b-interstitial__img--desktop c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A man in a baseball cap holding a martini, fist raised in celebration." data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/063099_Herschbach_Dudley_Chemistry_Nobel.jpg?w=700 700w 470h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/063099_Herschbach_Dudley_Chemistry_Nobel.jpg?w=700 700w 470h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__featured_content-block c-block__featured_header b-interstitial__featured_content-container t-theme--light c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h3 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__feature-title h3 c-content-block__title" > Chemistry</h3> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__feature-text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>A die-hard Red Sox fan, Dudley Herschbach describes his research by pitching baseball metaphors. “Think of a crowd at a baseball game. In ordinary chemistry, you have to deal with the whole crowd at once. … In effect, what we’ve done is eavesdrop on conversations between molecules, as if listening to a pair of people in that crowd.”</p> </div> <p class="c-content-block__cta"> <a class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right c-content-block__cta-link" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/chemistry/" aria-label="See all of our chemistry laureates"> <span class="a-btn__text"> See all of our chemistry laureates </span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-block--remove-top-padding c-block b-interstitial" > <div class="l-container"> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-interstitial__content-container c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__wrap"> <div class="b-interstitial__container"> <div class="b-interstitial__media b-interstitial__media-overlay--dark"> <div class="b-interstitial__figure c-image--bg c-image" > <div class="b-interstitial__img b-interstitial__img--desktop c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="White-haired man places his hand on his heart as he stands in front of a painting of himself." data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Hi_j0023_2-1.jpeg?w=701 701w 485h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Hi_j0023_2-1.jpeg?w=701 701w 485h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__featured_content-block c-block__featured_header b-interstitial__featured_content-container t-theme--light c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h3 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__feature-title h3 c-content-block__title" > Literature</h3> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__feature-text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>Seamus Heaney won the Nobel Prize in Literature for “poetic works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past.”</p> <p> </p> </div> <p class="c-content-block__cta"> <a class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right c-content-block__cta-link" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/literature/" aria-label="See all of our literature laureates"> <span class="a-btn__text"> See all of our literature laureates </span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-block--remove-top-padding c-block b-interstitial feature-layout-right" > <div class="l-container"> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-interstitial__content-container c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__wrap"> <div class="b-interstitial__container"> <div class="b-interstitial__media b-interstitial__media-overlay--dark"> <div class="b-interstitial__figure c-image--bg c-image" > <div class="b-interstitial__img b-interstitial__img--desktop c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A man shakes a child's hand while a crowd looks on" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Bunche-Cover-Photo.jpg?w=2000 2000w 1000h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Bunche-Cover-Photo.jpg?w=1152 1152w 576h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__featured_content-block c-block__featured_header b-interstitial__featured_content-container t-theme--light c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h3 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__feature-title h3 c-content-block__title" > Peace</h3> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__feature-text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>Upon hearing that he had been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the Middle East, Ralph Bunche respectfully declined the honor, noting “peacemaking at the UN was not done for prizes.” He later relented, realizing that the recognition would be good for the still-young United Nations.</p> </div> <p class="c-content-block__cta"> <a class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right c-content-block__cta-link" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/peace/" aria-label="See all of our peace laureates"> <span class="a-btn__text"> See all of our peace laureates </span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="c-block--remove-top-padding c-block b-interstitial" > <div class="l-container"> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-interstitial__content-container c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__wrap"> <div class="b-interstitial__container"> <div class="b-interstitial__media b-interstitial__media-overlay--dark"> <div class="b-interstitial__figure c-image--bg c-image" > <div class="b-interstitial__img b-interstitial__img--desktop c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="Smiling man leaving his office. A sign hanging on the door reads: "Harvard Center for Population and Development"." data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Hi_j0170_4-3-1.jpg?w=1833 1833w 1216h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Hi_j0170_4-3-1.jpg?w=1152 1152w 764h" style="background-image:url('');"></div> </div> </div> <div class="b-interstitial__content"> <div class="c-block__featured_content-block c-block__featured_header b-interstitial__featured_content-container t-theme--light c-content-block c-content-block--layout-" > <h3 class="c-block__title b-interstitial__feature-title h3 c-content-block__title" > Economic Sciences</h3> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-interstitial__feature-text t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>Much of Amartya Sen’s work deals with development economics, which is often devoted to the welfare of the poor. He has developed new ways to predict and fight famine as well as ways to measure poverty, so that more effective social programs can be designed.</p> <p> </p> </div> <p class="c-content-block__cta"> <a class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right c-content-block__cta-link" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/economic-sciences/" aria-label="See all of our economic sciences laureates"> <span class="a-btn__text"> See all of our economic sciences laureates </span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class=" c-block b-card-grid full_width query_type_manual t-theme--light" > <div class="b-card-grid__container l-container"> <header class="c-block__content-block c-block__header b-card-grid__header c-content-block c-content-block--layout-left" > <h2 class="c-block__title b-card-grid__title h3 c-content-block__title" > In the room where it happened</h2> <div class="c-content-block__content-wrap"> <div class="c-block__description b-card-grid__description t-sink s-sink c-content-block__content"> <p>What’s it like to receive the call from the Nobel Prize committee? These Harvard faculty members know firsthand. </p> </div> </div> </header> <div class="b-card-grid__loop g-3-up" > <div class="c-card-link-wrapper" > <div class="c-card has-target-link" > <div class="c-card__media"> <figure class="c-image--bg c-card__image c-image" > <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="Claudia Goldin on the phone at her home" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/100823_Goldin_006-1.jpeg?w=768&h=576&crop=1 768w 576h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/100823_Goldin_006-1.jpeg?w=375&h=281&crop=1 375w 281h" style="background-image:url('https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/core/assets/img/theme/shims/four-three.png');"></div> </figure> </div> <div class="c-card__content"> <h3 class="c-card__title" id="p-6741e0f90ffb5-title"> <span>“I am standing here because I have students. My students are my muses.”</span></h3> <div class="t-sink s-sink c-card__description"> <p></p></div> </div> <div class="c-card__cta"aria-hidden="true"> <div class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right"> <span class="a-btn__text"> Learn more about Professor Claudia Goldin </span> </div> </div> <a class="c-card__wrapper-link" id="p-6741e0f90ffb5-link" aria-labelledby="p-6741e0f90ffb5-title" aria-describedby="p-6741e0f90ffb5-link" data-js="target-link" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/10/harvard-claudia-goldin-recognized-with-nobel-in-economic-sciences/" aria-label="Read the full story about Oliver Hart winning the Nobel Prize"> Learn more about Professor Claudia Goldin </a> </div> </div> <div class="c-card-link-wrapper" > <div class="c-card has-target-link" > <div class="c-card__media"> <figure class="c-image--bg c-card__image c-image" > <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A man talks on a cell phone" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/100724_Nobel_Medicine_13.jpg?w=768&h=576&crop=1 768w 576h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/100724_Nobel_Medicine_13.jpg?w=375&h=281&crop=1 375w 281h" style="background-image:url('https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/core/assets/img/theme/shims/four-three.png');"></div> </figure> </div> <div class="c-card__content"> <h3 class="c-card__title" id="p-6741e0f90fff9-title"> <span>“It was the secretary of the Nobel committee and it sounded real.” </span></h3> <div class="t-sink s-sink c-card__description"> <p></p></div> </div> <div class="c-card__cta"aria-hidden="true"> <div class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right"> <span class="a-btn__text"> Learn more about Professor Ruvkun </span> </div> </div> <a class="c-card__wrapper-link" id="p-6741e0f90fff9-link" aria-labelledby="p-6741e0f90fff9-title" aria-describedby="p-6741e0f90fff9-link" data-js="target-link" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/10/harvard-scientist-awarded-nobel/"> Learn more about Professor Ruvkun </a> </div> </div> <div class="c-card-link-wrapper" > <div class="c-card has-target-link" > <div class="c-card__media"> <figure class="c-image--bg c-card__image c-image" > <div class="c-image__image lazyload" role="img" aria-label="A man talks on his phone in his kitchen" data-expand="200" data-sizes="(min-width: 1260px) 1260px, 100vw" data-bgset="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/100719_Nobel_Medicine_045_square.jpg?w=768&h=576&crop=1 768w 576h, https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/100719_Nobel_Medicine_045_square.jpg?w=375&h=281&crop=1 375w 281h" style="background-image:url('https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/core/assets/img/theme/shims/four-three.png');"></div> </figure> </div> <div class="c-card__content"> <h3 class="c-card__title" id="p-6741e0f910012-title"> <span>“My heart started racing, I was overwhelmed.”</span></h3> <div class="t-sink s-sink c-card__description"> <p></p></div> </div> <div class="c-card__cta"aria-hidden="true"> <div class="c-block__cta-link a-btn a-btn-secondary a-btn--arrow-right"> <span class="a-btn__text"> Learn more about Professor William Kaelin </span> </div> </div> <a class="c-card__wrapper-link" id="p-6741e0f910012-link" aria-labelledby="p-6741e0f910012-title" aria-describedby="p-6741e0f910012-link" data-js="target-link" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/10/harvard-faculty-wins-nobel-in-physiology-or-medicine/" aria-label="Read the full story about William G. Kaelin winning the Nobel Prize"> Learn more about Professor William Kaelin </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="l-container site-footer__container"> <div class="site-footer__row site-footer__row--navigation"> <div class="site-footer__menu-col"> <h2 class="site-footer__menu-heading">Security & Brand</h2> <nav class="site-footer__nav" aria-label="Security & Brand Navigation"> <ol class="site-footer__nav-list"> <li class="footer-one__item"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/copyright-issue/" class="footer-one__action" data-attribute="report-copyright-infringement-2">Report Copyright Infringement</a></li><li class="footer-one__item"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/security-issue/" class="footer-one__action" data-attribute="report-security-issue-2">Report Security Issue</a></li><li class="footer-one__item"><a href="https://trademark.harvard.edu/pages/trademark-notice" class="footer-one__action" data-attribute="trademark-notice">Trademark Notice</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer__menu-col"> <h2 class="site-footer__menu-heading">Website</h2> <nav class="site-footer__nav" aria-label="Website Navigation"> <ol class="site-footer__nav-list"> <li class="footer-two__item"><a href="https://accessibility.harvard.edu/" class="footer-two__action" data-attribute="accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="footer-two__item"><a href="https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu/digital-accessibility-policy" class="footer-two__action" data-attribute="digital-accessibility">Digital Accessibility</a></li><li class="footer-two__item"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://www.harvard.edu/privacy-statement/" class="footer-two__action" data-attribute="9826">Privacy statement</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer__menu-col"> <h2 class="site-footer__menu-heading">Get In Touch</h2> <nav class="site-footer__nav" aria-label="Get In Touch Navigation"> <ol class="site-footer__nav-list"> <li class="footer-three__item"><a href="/contact-harvard" class="footer-three__action" data-attribute="contact-harvard">Contact Harvard</a></li><li class="footer-three__item"><a href="/maps-directions" class="footer-three__action" data-attribute="maps-directions">Maps & Directions</a></li><li class="footer-three__item"><a href="http://hr.harvard.edu/jobs" class="footer-three__action" data-attribute="jobs">Jobs</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__row site-footer__row--secondary"> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <p>Copyright © 2024 The President and Fellows of Harvard College</p> </div> <div class="site-footer__logo "> <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/"> <img src="/wp-content/themes/core/assets/img/theme/branding-assets/footer-logo.svg" alt="Harvard University" /> </a> </div> <div class="site-footer__social "> <div class="social-follow"> <ul class="social-follow__list"> <li class="social-follow__item social-follow__item--instagram"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/harvard/" class="social-follow__anchor" rel="me noopener" title="Instagram"> <span>Instagram</span> <img src="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Instagram-1.png" alt="Instagram" aria-hidden="true" /> </a> </li> <li class="social-follow__item social-follow__item--tiktok"> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@harvard" class="social-follow__anchor" rel="me noopener" title="TikTok"> <span>TikTok</span> <img src="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/tiktok-1.png" alt="TikTok" aria-hidden="true" /> </a> </li> <li class="social-follow__item social-follow__item--linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/harvard-university" class="social-follow__anchor" rel="me noopener" title="LinkedIn"> <span>LinkedIn</span> <img src="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Linkedin-1.png" alt="LinkedIn" aria-hidden="true" /> </a> </li> <li class="social-follow__item social-follow__item--facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Harvard/" class="social-follow__anchor" rel="me noopener" title="Facebook"> <span>Facebook</span> <img src="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/FB3.png" alt="Facebook" aria-hidden="true" /> </a> </li> <li class="social-follow__item social-follow__item--youtube"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/harvard" class="social-follow__anchor" rel="me noopener" title="YouTube"> <span>YouTube</span> <img src="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/youtube-1.png" alt="YouTube" aria-hidden="true" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script>window.Promise || document.write('<script src="https://www.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/core/assets/js/vendor/es6-promise.auto.js"><\/script>'); 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